In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2231~
22
37
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2231-2237
2231
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Significant im
plicat
ion of unified power
quality conditioner in
p
o
wer quality prob
l
ems mitigati
o
n
Kamru
l
H
asan
1
,
M
uha
mmad Murta
d
h
a
Oth
m
a
n
2
,
No
r Fa
ra
haida
Abdul R
a
h
ma
n
3
, M. A
. Hannan
4
,
Isma
i
l
M
usirin
5
1,2
,
3,5
F
a
cu
lt
y o
f
El
ectri
cal E
ngi
n
eeri
n
g
,
Universi
ti Technol
o
gi
M
ARA
,
40
4
5
0
S
h
a
h Ala
m
,
Se
la
ng
or, Ma
l
a
y
sia
.
4
D
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f El
ectrical
P
o
w
er En
g
i
n
eerin
g, Co
l
lege
o
f
E
ngineer
in
g,
Un
i
ve
rsit
i
Te
na
g
a
Na
s
ion
a
l, 4
30
00
,
Ma
la
y
s
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Mar
21,
2
0
1
9
Re
vise
d Ju
l 1
4
,
201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
31,
201
9
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
t
h
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
u
n
i
f
i
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
qu
a
l
ity
con
d
i
t
i
oner
(U
PQ
C)
i
n
t
e
rms
o
f
d
es
ig
n
and
pe
rf
orm
a
n
c
e
.
A
b
ack
t
o
ba
ck
con
n
ect
ion
o
f
a
s
eri
e
s
com
p
en
sato
r
an
d
a
s
h
u
n
t
com
p
ens
a
tor
w
i
th
a
c
om
m
on
DC-b
us
i
s
util
ized
t
o
bu
il
d
t
h
e
U
P
QC
m
o
d
e
l
.
Th
e
seri
es
c
o
m
pen
s
a
tor
compensat
e
s
the
power
quality
p
r
obl
ems
such
a
s
grid
v
oltage
s
ag
s/
s
w
ells
f
or
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e.
D
u
r
i
n
g
s
a
g
and
s
w
el
l
con
d
iti
on
,
t
h
e
com
p
ens
a
ted
v
o
lt
age
is
in
ject
ed
b
y
t
h
e
seri
es
c
om
p
e
nsat
or
i
n
phas
e
w
it
h
th
e
point
o
f
c
omm
o
n
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
(
P
C
C
)
o
r
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
w
i
t
h
P
C
C
.
T
h
e
l
o
a
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
r
m
o
ni
cs
i
s
com
p
ensat
e
d
by
u
s
i
n
g
t
he
s
h
u
n
t
c
o
m
pen
s
ato
r
.
The
dy
nam
i
c
perf
orm
an
ce
and
th
e
s
t
ea
d
y
s
ta
t
e
o
f
th
e
desi
gn
e
d
m
od
el
a
re
a
nal
y
zed
b
y
u
s
in
g
M
A
TL
AB-
S
i
m
u
li
nk
un
der
s
e
veral
di
st
urb
a
nces
s
u
c
h
as
P
CC
vol
tag
e
h
a
r
m
oni
cs,
voltage
sag
s
/
s
wells
a
nd
load
unb
alan
cin
g
u
sin
g
a
n
o
n
l
i
nea
r
l
oad
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Pow
e
r Q
u
alit
y
S
e
ries c
ompe
nsa
t
or
Shun
t c
o
mpe
n
sa
tor
UPQC
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Mu
ham
m
a
d
M
urta
dha
O
t
h
ma
n
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g,
Un
iv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
o
lo
gi
M
A
R
A,
4
045
0
Sh
ah
Ala
m,
S
el
a
n
go
r,
M
al
a
y
si
a
.
Em
ail:m
am
at5
05my
@
ya
h
o
o
.com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Th
e
b
a
si
c
i
nput
o
f
li
f
e
r
el
i
e
s
o
n
d
i
ffe
ren
t
f
orm
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
.
E
l
e
c
t
ric
i
t
y
i
s
a
si
gn
of
f
l
e
xib
l
e
l
i
fe
a
n
d
t
his
e
n
ergy
s
ou
rce
d
e
man
d
i
s
e
xp
an
di
ng
r
a
p
id
l
y
.
A
smo
o
t
h
su
pply
of
t
he
e
l
e
ctr
i
ca
l
e
n
e
r
gy
m
u
st
b
e
e
n
sure
d
st
r
i
nge
n
t
l
y
b
y
miti
g
a
t
i
ng
th
e
pow
er
qua
lity
i
ss
ue
s
t
o
u
til
ize
t
h
i
s
en
erg
y
ef
fi
ci
en
tly.
Po
we
r
q
u
a
l
i
ty
i
s
a
com
p
rehe
nsive
expre
s
s
i
on
w
h
ic
h
c
o
mpre
he
nds
d
iffe
ren
t
c
a
t
eg
ories
o
f
di
st
urbanc
e
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
curr
ent
s
u
ch
a
s
har
m
onic
c
u
rrent,
vol
ta
ge
s
a
g
/sw
e
ll,
v
o
l
ta
g
e
u
n
bala
nce
,
f
l
i
cke
r
a
n
d
l
ow
-qua
l
i
t
y
pow
er
f
a
c
t
o
r
etc.
T
h
e
p
e
n
et
ra
t
i
on
of
pow
e
r
e
lec
t
r
o
n
i
c
lo
ads
has
been
i
ncre
as
ed
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
ra
pid
ad
va
ncem
en
t
of
p
ow
er
in
dus
tries.
A
m
o
n
g
t
he
se
l
oad
s
,
l
a
rge
varia
b
l
e
f
re
q
u
enc
y
d
r
i
ve
s
(VFD),
a
r
c
f
ur
naces
a
nd
hea
v
y
recti
f
i
e
rs
a
re
the
l
o
a
d
s
uti
liz
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ind
u
s
t
ry
a
nd
t
he
y
dr
a
w
n
o
n
-l
i
n
e
a
r
c
u
r
re
n
t
s
fr
om
t
he
A
C
gri
d
.
N
o
w
a
da
ys,
har
m
on
ic
s
pro
b
lem
s
a
re w
ides
prea
d
n
o
t
o
n
l
y in i
n
d
u
s
t
rial a
pp
lic
a
tio
ns
bu
t
i
n
com
m
e
rc
ial bu
i
l
d
i
n
g as
w
e
l
l
.
T
his i
s
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
n
e
w
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
nv
e
r
si
on
t
ech
nol
ogi
es
u
ti
l
i
z
e
d
re
gu
l
a
rl
y
lik
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
m
o
d
e
pow
er
s
up
p
l
y
(S
M
P
S
)
t
hat
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
i
n
p
ower
e
l
e
ct
ro
ni
c
d
e
vi
ce
s
su
ch
a
s
co
mp
ut
e
r
s
,
p
ri
n
t
er
s,
s
erve
rs
a
nd
so
o
n.
T
h
e
se
pow
er
e
lec
t
ro
nics
dev
i
ce
s
ge
ner
a
te
non-
li
ne
ar
c
urre
nts
w
h
ich
a
r
e
respo
n
si
ble
for
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
t
t
h
e
P
C
C
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
di
st
ri
buti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
.
Th
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
q
u
a
li
ty
i
ss
u
e
s
a
r
e
re
spon
s
ible
f
or
a
dd
i
t
i
ona
l
hea
t
in
g
on
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
b
a
nk
s,
fa
l
s
e
tri
gger
i
n
g
e
lec
t
r
onic
s
y
st
e
m
,
ma
l
f
unc
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
o
on
[1
-3].
M
odern
d
istributi
o
n
sy
st
ems
a
r
e
f
a
ci
ng
ma
jor
iss
u
es
r
e
g
ard
i
n
g
t
he
p
ow
e
r
qua
lit
y
p
r
ob
lem
s
a
t
gri
d
p
ar
t
a
n
d
l
o
a
d
p
a
r
t.
S
ince
the
lates
t
d
ome
s
tic
a
n
d
in
dus
trial
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
r
espo
n
d
c
rit
i
c
a
l
l
y
t
o
vo
ltage
d
i
s
t
u
rb
anc
e
s,
t
he
e
qu
i
p
me
nt
c
a
n
b
e
t
e
rm
inate
d
f
or
a
s
hort
peri
od
o
f
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
w
hi
c
h
r
e
s
u
lts
c
om
p
l
e
t
e
te
rmina
tio
n
of
a
n
i
n
dus
t
r
ia
l
proce
ss.
T
he
refo
r
e
,
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
al
it
y
com
p
en
sat
i
on
tur
n
e
d
t
o
be
a
n
una
v
o
i
d
ab
le
r
equ
i
rem
e
nt
i
n
the
di
s
t
r
ib
ut
i
o
n
system
[
4].
The
p
o
we
r
com
p
an
ies
and
t
h
e
r
e
sea
r
che
r
s
a
r
e
exte
ns
ive
l
y
inve
st
i
g
at
i
ng
t
h
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
qu
a
l
i
t
y
pro
b
l
e
m
s
[5].
F
lexi
b
l
e
A
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
3
1
– 2
237
2
232
transm
i
s
s
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
(F
A
C
TS
)
device
s,
f
or
i
ns
t
a
nce
ac
ti
v
e
p
ow
e
r
fil
t
ers
(
A
PF
s)
a
nd
th
e
st
a
t
i
c
c
om
pe
nsa
t
ors
(S
TA
TCO
M
s)
a
r
e
one
o
f
th
e
lea
d
ing
tec
hno
l
o
g
i
es
c
on
v
e
nie
n
t
for
t
he
c
omm
e
r
c
ial
an
d
ind
u
s
t
ria
l
p
u
r
pose
s
.
These
FACTS
dev
i
ce
s ar
e
cons
i
d
e
r
ed
t
o
so
lve
the
s
e
power
qual
i
t
y
p
ro
bl
ems
[
6
-8
]
.
P
a
ssive
f
i
lte
rs
(
PF
s)
w
ere
use
d
t
o
so
lve
t
h
e
harm
on
ic
g
r
i
d
pr
ob
lem
for
m
a
ny
years
[9].
P
Fs
w
i
t
h
reduc
e
d
c
o
s
t
so
lu
t
i
on
of
p
ow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
p
ro
blem
s,
a
re
r
ega
r
ded
a
s
the
prel
imi
n
ar
y
pro
g
re
ss
o
f
t
h
e
com
p
en
sat
i
o
n
of
t
he
c
urr
e
nt
h
arm
o
n
i
cs
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
T
he
n
e
x
t
sta
g
e
of
p
ro
gre
s
s
is
t
he
u
til
iza
t
i
o
n
of
A
P
F
s
w
h
ic
h
so
l
v
e
d
t
he
d
ra
w
b
a
c
ks
o
f
P
F
s
si
gn
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y.
T
he
u
t
i
liz
at
ion
of
s
h
u
n
t
A
P
F
has
be
e
n
a
n
e
f
ficie
n
t
t
e
ch
n
i
que
t
o
com
p
en
sate
p
o
w
er
qual
ity
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s.
A
lth
o
ugh,
s
h
u
n
t
A
P
F
c
an
r
egu
la
te
l
oa
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
bu
t
i
t
i
n
j
e
c
t
s
re
acti
v
e
pow
er
.
The
r
efore,
t
he
s
hun
t
A
P
F
is
n
o
t
c
apab
le
o
f
r
e
gu
l
a
ti
ng
P
C
C
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
n
d
al
so
f
a
i
ls
t
o
ma
i
n
t
a
in
uni
ty
power
f
actor
for
the
grid
c
urrent
.
Hybr
i
d
p
ower
f
i
l
ter
(HP
F
)
is
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
hunt
A
P
F
s
wi
t
h
P
F
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r,
t
h
e
p
ower
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
a
p
a
c
i
ty
d
e
m
a
n
d
is
i
ncr
eas
in
g,
s
o
t
h
e
rati
ng,
s
ize
an
d
t
h
e
cos
t
of
A
P
F
s
a
r
e
s
igni
f
i
cantly expa
nded.
According
to
t
he
I
EEE
519
[
12]
s
t
a
ndard,
s
everal
c
us
tom
power
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
r
e
i
nt
r
o
du
c
e
d
[1
3-
17]
.
These
de
vi
c
e
s
a
r
e
de
si
g
n
ed
t
o
be
i
ns
tal
l
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
um
er
s
i
d
e
t
o
sur
p
a
s
s
t
h
e
pow
er
qua
li
t
y
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s.
S
i
n
c
e
the
se
nsit
i
v
e
loa
d
s
have
h
i
g
her
v
o
l
t
a
ge
qua
l
ity
r
eq
uire
m
e
nts,
t
he
s
eries
A
P
F
s
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
u
t
i
l
i
ze
d
i
n
t
he
com
m
e
r
cia
l
b
u
ild
in
gs
a
nd
sma
ll
a
p
a
r
tme
n
ts
[
1
8
,
1
9
].
I
n
co
m
p
aris
on
w
i
t
h
shun
t
an
d
se
rie
s
A
PF
s
,
U
P
Q
C
i
s
con
s
truc
te
d w
i
t
h
a serie
s a
nd para
lle
l
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
tors co
n
n
ec
te
d t
o
g
e
t
her ba
c
k
t
o
ba
c
k
can exe
cu
te loa
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
regu
la
ti
on
a
n
d
at
t
he
s
am
e
tim
e
ma
int
a
in
in
g
t
h
e
gri
d
c
urrent
s
i
n
u
s
o
ida
l
.
Wi
t
h
t
he
e
xt
e
nde
d
si
g
n
if
ica
n
c
e
o
n
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
ge
ne
rat
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
ic
rogri
d
s,
t
he
i
n
t
e
r
est
on
U
P
Q
C
h
a
s
sti
m
ula
t
e
d
[
2
0
,
2
1
].
A
mong
t
h
e
cust
om
pow
er
d
ev
ic
es
,
U
P
Q
C
i
s
ab
le
t
o
ke
e
p
t
he
c
riti
c
a
l
l
oad
(a
dva
nce
d
m
edica
l
i
ns
t
r
ume
n
t
s
,
ele
v
a
t
or,
di
g
i
t
a
l
com
m
unic
a
t
io
n
netw
orks e
t
c
.)
p
rotec
t
e
d
fr
o
m
t
h
e
vol
ta
ge
r
ela
t
e
d
p
ow
er
qual
i
t
y pr
ob
lem
s
[22,
23].
The
v
ita
l
ta
sk
i
n
the
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
er
p
art
of
t
he
U
PQ
C
is
r
efere
n
ce
si
g
n
al
g
e
n
e
r
at
io
n.
S
everal
t
ec
hn
i
q
u
e
s
are
ut
i
l
i
zed
t
o
genera
te
t
he
r
efere
n
ce
si
g
n
a
l
.
A
m
ong
t
he
m
,
t
he
fr
eq
uen
c
y
d
o
m
a
in
t
ec
hn
i
que
s
an
d
th
e
t
i
m
e
d
o
m
ain
t
echn
i
q
u
e
s
a
r
e
e
x
t
e
nsi
v
el
y
ut
il
i
z
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
re
sea
r
ch
ers.
D
u
e
to
t
h
e
r
educe
d
c
ompu
ta
ti
o
n
r
eq
u
i
re
me
nt
s
the
time
d
o
m
a
in
s
t
r
ate
g
ie
s
a
r
e
gener
a
lly
u
se
d
i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
impl
em
ent
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
st
a
n
t
a
neo
u
s
re
act
ive
p
o
w
e
r
the
o
ry
(
p-q
th
eory)
,
t
he
ory
of
i
ns
tan
t
a
n
e
o
us
s
ym
me
t
r
ica
l
c
om
po
n
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
nchr
o
nous
reference
fram
e
the
o
ry
(
d-q t
h
e
o
r
y
) a
r
e w
i
del
y
uti
lize
d
tec
h
n
i
que
s.
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
per,
a
t
hree
p
hase
U
P
Q
C
is
i
n
t
ro
duce
d
i
n
t
e
rm
s
of
d
e
s
ign
a
n
d
per
f
orm
a
nc
e.
I
n
the
se
rie
s
com
p
en
sat
o
r
a
sim
p
le
D
VR
c
irc
u
it
wit
h
P
LL
i
s
u
se
d.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
he
r
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
U
P
Q
C
i
s
enha
nc
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
d-q
th
eory
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
ro
ller
sec
t
i
o
n
of
s
h
unt
c
om
p
e
nsa
t
or.
Bes
i
de
s,
a
s
im
ple
h
y
s
t
ere
s
is
c
o
nt
roll
e
r-b
ased
s
eri
e
s
co
mp
en
sat
o
r
i
s
u
sed
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
fe
at
ures
o
f
t
h
e
p
ro
po
s
e
d
sy
st
e
m
a
re
,
a)
t
h
e
v
olt
a
ge
a
nd
the
c
u
rre
nt
q
u
a
li
ty
i
s
m
a
in
ta
ine
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
ous
ly
a
n
d
b
)
st
a
b
il
i
t
y
i
s
e
n
sur
e
d
unde
r
sever
a
l
c
ond
it
i
ons
o
f
vo
lta
ge
h
a
r
m
oni
c
s
,
vol
ta
ge
s
ags
/
sw
el
ls
a
n
d
unba
la
nce
d
l
oad.
T
he
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sys
t
em
outc
o
m
e
i
s
ana
l
yze
d
sub
s
ta
ntia
l
l
y
u
si
ng MA
TLA
B
-
S
i
m
u
l
i
nk
so
f
t
w
a
re.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
DOLOGY
The
U
P
Q
C
s
t
r
uct
u
re
i
s
d
i
s
p
l
a
ye
d
i
n
F
i
gure
1.
T
he
s
truc
tu
re
i
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
e
d
f
o
r
a
t
h
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
The
U
P
QC
m
ode
l
i
s
d
es
ig
n
e
d
wit
h
a
b
a
c
k
to
b
ac
k
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
ser
i
e
s
c
om
p
e
nsa
t
or
a
n
d
a
s
hun
t
com
p
en
sat
o
r
and
a
c
o
m
m
on
D
C-
l
i
n
k
w
hic
h
i
s
s
h
are
d
b
y
bo
t
h
t
he
c
o
m
p
ensator
.
T
he
s
er
i
e
s
com
p
ensator
opera
tes
as
a
c
on
tro
l
l
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
o
u
rc
e
an
d
com
p
e
n
sa
te
t
he
v
ol
t
a
g
e
sa
gs
/swe
l
l
s
for
t
h
e
gr
id.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
han
d
,
the
s
h
un
t
c
o
mpe
n
sa
to
r
a
c
ts
a
s
a
co
ntr
o
l
l
e
d
c
urre
n
t
s
ourc
e
a
n
d
c
om
pen
s
ate
the
har
m
onic
c
u
r
r
ent
for
t
h
e
l
o
ad
.
In
du
ct
o
r
i
s
u
s
e
d
b
et
we
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
co
mp
en
s
a
t
o
r
an
d
t
h
e
d
is
tri
b
u
tio
n
sys
t
em
a
nd
sam
e
d
e
s
i
gn
is
fo
l
l
ow
e
d
f
or
t
h
e
s
h
unt
c
ompe
nsa
t
o
r
.
The
ha
rm
onics
g
e
n
e
r
ated
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
nver
t
er
’s
s
wit
c
hes
a
r
e
fil
t
ere
d
u
s
i
n
g
the r
i
pp
le
f
il
t
e
rs. A
thre
e
-pha
se
bridge
recti
f
ier
i
s
u
s
e
d as
a
non-linear
l
o
a
d
in the
s
y
s
t
em.
2.1.
Des
i
g
n
o
f
UP
QC
2.2.
1.V
o
lta
g
e
ma
gn
itu
d
e of D
C-li
n
k
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
p
t
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
g
i
v
e
s
the
ma
gn
itu
de
o
f
D
C
-
l
i
n
k
vo
l
t
ag
e
V
dc
.
The
min
i
ma
l
vol
ta
ge
m
a
g
n
itu
de
o
f
the
D
C
-
l
i
n
k
re
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
be
t
wice
o
r
m
o
re
t
ha
n
the
per-
p
h
ase
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
pea
k
o
f
the
thr
e
e
-
phase
sys
t
e
m
[1]
and
formula
t
e
d
a
s,
√
√
(
1
)
Where,
V
LL
i
s
t
h
e
gri
d
l
ine
vo
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
pt
h
o
f
m
od
ula
t
i
o
n
(
m
)
is
t
a
ke
n
a
s
1
.
Co
ns
ide
r
i
ng
a
l
i
n
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
415
V
,
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
mi
ni
mu
m
va
lu
e
D
C
-bu
s
v
ol
t
a
g
e
i
s
67
7
.
7
V.
T
h
e
D
C
-
b
u
s
vol
t
a
g
e
i
s
s
e
t
at
100
0
V.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
S
i
gn
ifi
c
ant
i
m
pl
i
c
at
ion
o
f
u
n
i
f
i
e
d
powe
r
qu
ali
t
y
cond
i
t
io
n
e
r i
n
p
o
we
r qu
ali
t
y
…
K
a
mrul
Ha
san
2
233
2.2.
2.Se
ries
i
n
j
e
c
tion tran
s
form
er
The
series
c
o
m
pe
n
s
a
t
or
i
s
i
n
s
t
al
l
e
d
be
tw
ee
n
the
gri
d
a
n
d
t
he
l
o
ad
t
erm
i
nal
ut
il
izi
n
g
three
si
ng
l
e
pha
se i
so
la
ti
o
n
tra
n
sform
e
rs attac
h
e
d
in star
ac
r
oss
t
h
e i
n
v
e
rt
er and c
o
nne
c
t
ed
i
n se
rie
s
w
i
t
h t
h
e
gri
d
l
i
n
es.
T
o
ob
ta
in
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
h
ar
monic
s
w
ith
t
he
s
eries
com
p
en
sat
o
r,
t
he
m
o
dul
a
tio
n
i
n
de
x
nee
d
s
to
b
e
ke
p
t
a
t
nea
r
u
ni
t
y
.
The
rating
o
f
the
eac
h
s
e
r
i
es
t
ransformer
i
s
4
KVA
.
A
RC
f
ilt
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
sma
l
l
cap
aci
t
y
i
s
a
d
d
e
d
a
c
ro
ss
th
e
series
t
rans
for
m
er’s
s
ec
onda
ry
s
i
d
e
to
r
em
ov
e
the
h
i
g
h
s
w
i
tc
h
i
n
g
ripp
l
e
c
om
po
nen
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
nve
rter
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
vo
lta
ge.
F
i
gure
1. S
yst
e
m
Con
f
igur
a
tio
n
U
P
Q
C
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
Inducto
r
l
i
n
k
e
d
wi
t
h
s
e
ries
a
nd
s
hunt co
m
pen
s
a
t
o
r
The
e
s
t
i
ma
tio
n
o
f
t
he
i
n
duc
t
o
r
li
nke
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
s
e
r
ies
a
nd
sh
u
n
t
c
om
pen
s
at
or
r
elie
s
on
D
C-l
i
nk
vo
lta
ge,
sw
i
t
c
h
ing
fr
e
que
nc
y
and
ri
p
p
l
e
curr
ent.
I
nd
uc
t
o
r
v
a
lue
[
24]
w
i
t
h
the
ser
i
es
c
om
pen
s
at
or
i
s
e
xpr
essed
as,
√
√
.
6
(
2
)
H
e
re,
m
odu
l
a
t
i
on
i
n
d
e
x,
m
=1
,
overl
oad
i
ng
f
a
c
tor,
a
=
1.
2
,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
fre
q
u
e
ncy,
f
se
=
1
0
kH
z
,
V
dc
=
1
000
V an
d
I
r
i
s the
rip
p
l
e
c
ur
rent of t
h
e
in
du
c
t
or
w
hic
h
i
s
tw
e
n
t
y
per
cen
t
of t
he
g
ri
d cur
r
ent.
A
nd t
h
e
val
u
e
of t
he
i
nt
e
r
fa
c
i
ng i
n
duc
t
o
r [2
4] w
ith t
he
s
h
unt
c
om
pe
nsa
t
or e
xpressed
as,
√
,
√
.
.
6
.
7
(
3
)
H
e
r
e
,
induc
t
o
r
ripp
le
c
urren
t
I
r,pp
i
s
t
w
e
nt
y
p
e
rc
ent
of
t
he
r
m
s
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
pha
se
c
ur
rent
o
f
s
h
un
t
com
p
en
sat
o
r.
3.
CONT
ROL OF UPQC
The
sh
u
n
t
c
o
m
p
en
sat
o
r
and
t
h
e
series
c
om
pe
nsa
t
or
a
re
t
he
m
ajor
part
o
f
U
P
Q
C
m
odel.
T
he
s
h
u
n
t
com
p
en
sat
o
r
mitiga
t
e
s
t
he
l
oad
harm
on
i
c
s
and
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
r
e
acti
v
e
pow
er.
The
se
ries
c
om
pensa
t
or
s
ec
ur
es
t
he
l
o
ad
f
ro
m
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
di
st
u
r
b
a
n
c
es
c
re
at
ed
b
y
t
h
e
g
r
id
,
for
i
n
s
ta
nc
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
har
m
on
ics,
s
a
g
s
a
n
d
sw
e
l
ls.
The
series
c
om
pens
ator
acts a
s
a
c
on
tro
l
led v
o
lta
ge
so
u
rce
and
i
n
j
e
c
t
t
he
s
uita
b
l
e
vo
lta
g
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
3
1
– 2
237
2
234
3.1.
Con
t
rol of
ser
i
e
s com
p
en
sator
S
e
ve
ral
com
p
e
n
sa
ti
on
tec
hni
que
f
or
t
he
s
e
r
ie
s
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
er
i
s
de
s
cri
b
e
d
i
n
[2
5,
26].
The
i
n
j
e
cte
d
vo
lta
ge
b
y
t
h
e
se
ries
c
om
pe
nsa
t
or
i
s
ma
int
a
i
n
e
d
t
o
be
s
a
m
e
phas
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
g
ri
d
i
n
t
hi
s
pr
o
j
e
c
t
.
T
h
e
series
com
p
en
sat
o
r
injec
t
t
h
e
m
i
n
im
um
r
equire
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.
In
F
igure
2,
t
h
e
series
c
ompe
n
s
at
or
c
onf
i
g
ur
atio
n
i
s
di
sp
la
ye
d.
T
o
ob
ta
in
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
ta
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
of
P
CC
,
a
Pha
s
e
loc
k
ed
l
oo
p
(P
LL)
i
s
u
t
ilize
d
t
o
g
e
ner
a
te
the
ref
e
rence
wavefor
m
.
The
ref
e
r
e
nce
sig
n
al
s
for
t
h
e
se
ries
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
o
r
is
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
by
c
o
m
p
ar
ing
be
t
w
e
e
n
the
P
C
C
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
the
l
o
a
d
v
ol
tage
.
U
s
i
ng
the
s
e
s
i
gna
l
s
,
the
hyster
e
sis
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
pro
duce
s
a
p
p
ropr
ia
t
e
gat
i
ng s
i
gna
ls
f
or
t
h
e
v
ol
ta
ge
s
ource
co
nve
rt
e
r
(VS
C)
o
f the
se
r
i
e
s
com
pens
ator.
F
i
gure
2.
Co
n
t
r
o
l
S
truc
ture
of
S
e
ries Com
pen
s
at
or
3.2.
C
o
n
t
rol of
S
hu
n
t
C
omp
e
n
s
ator
Th
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
re
n
t
i
s
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
s
hunt
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
at
o
r
.
DC-l
i
n
k
v
ol
ta
ge i
s s
t
a
b
il
ize
d
by ut
i
l
i
z
in
g
a
P
I
-c
ont
r
o
l
l
er
a
t
the
ge
ner
a
t
e
d
re
fer
e
nce
.
T
he
s
h
u
n
t
c
o
m
p
ensa
t
or
d
oe
s
the
e
x
t
r
ac
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
fun
d
a
m
ental
elem
en
t
of
t
h
e
l
oa
d
curre
n
t
f
o
r
t
he
l
oad
c
o
mpen
sa
ti
on.
T
he
c
o
n
f
i
gur
ati
on
o
f
t
he
s
hu
n
t
c
ompe
nsa
t
or
i
s
dep
i
c
t
ed
i
n
F
i
gure
3.
A
P
LL
circu
i
t
is
u
se
d
t
o
e
x
t
r
act
t
he
pha
s
e
an
d
fr
eq
uenc
y
da
ta
o
f
the
gr
id
vol
ta
g
e
a
n
d
us
i
n
g
t
h
ese
da
t
a
t
he
l
oad
c
u
rrent
s
o
f
a
bc
d
o
m
ain
are
co
nv
erte
d
to
d
-q-0
dom
ai
n.
T
he
D
C
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
(
I
L d
f
)
i
s
extra
c
t
ed
f
rom
the
d-ele
m
e
n
t
of
t
he
l
oad
c
u
rr
ent
(
I
Ld
)
by
util
iz
in
g
a
lo
w
p
a
ss
f
il
ter.
T
he
f
u
n
d
am
enta
l
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
of
t
he
D
C
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
r
e
p
rese
nte
d
i
n
a
b
c
re
fe
renc
e.
T
he
d
-a
x
i
s
r
ef
e
r
e
n
ce
g
r
i
d
c
u
rre
n
t
I*
sd
i
s
a
c
h
ieve
d
us
in
g
the f
o
l
l
ow
i
n
g e
x
p
r
ess
i
on,
∗
(
4
)
The
r
e
fe
renc
e
gri
d
c
urren
t
(
I*
sd
)
is
t
ran
s
fer
r
e
d
t
o
a
b
c
do
m
a
in.
G
a
te
p
ul
ses
for
v
o
lta
ge
s
ource
i
n
verter
(
V
S
I)
are
ge
nera
te
d b
y
usi
n
g
a hy
s
te
r
e
sis cur
r
en
t
c
o
nt
r
o
ller
.
The hys
ter
e
sis
c
u
r
r
ent
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
c
o
mpa
r
e th
e
i
d
en
ti
fied
gri
d
c
urrents w
i
t
h
t
he
re
f
er
ence
grid c
u
rre
nt
s.
F
i
gur
e 3.
Co
n
tr
ol
S
truc
t
u
r
e
of
S
hunt
C
om
pe
n
s
at
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
S
i
gn
ifi
c
ant
i
m
pl
i
c
at
ion
o
f
u
n
i
f
i
e
d
powe
r
qu
ali
t
y
cond
i
t
io
n
e
r i
n
p
o
we
r qu
ali
t
y
…
K
a
mrul
Ha
san
2
235
4.
SIMU
L
A
TION STUDIES
To
e
xa
mi
ne
t
he
p
e
rform
anc
e
s
of
U
P
Q
C
for
st
e
a
dy
s
t
a
t
e
an
d
d
ynam
i
c
c
ond
i
t
i
on,
M
A
TLA
B-
Sim
u
l
i
n
k
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
u
sed.
A
n
o
n
linea
r
t
h
ree
-
phase
b
ri
d
g
e
re
ct
i
f
i
e
r
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
si
m
u
lat
i
on ru
n
on
s
e
v
er
al dy
n
a
m
i
c
cond
i
tio
n
s
fo
r
ins
t
a
nce
h
a
r
m
o
nics,
sw
ell a
nd sa
g
i
n
t
he
P
CC vo
lta
ge.
4.1.
Op
e
r
ation
of U
PQC
at un
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
d
P
C
C
volta
ge
The
ou
t
p
u
t
r
es
ul
t
s
o
f
U
P
Q
C
i
s
s
h
ow
n
in
F
igure
4.
T
he
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
a
r
e
P
C
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
S
),
l
oa
d
vol
t
a
ge
(
V
L
),
s
e
r
ies
com
p
e
n
sa
tor
v
o
lta
ge
(
V
SE
),
D
C-b
u
s
ca
pac
i
t
o
r
vo
ltage
(
V
C
)
,
g
ri
d
cu
rr
e
n
t
(
I
S
),
load
c
urrent
(
I
L
)
and
shunt
c
o
mpensator
current
(
I
SH
)
.
T
h
e
5
th
o
r
d
e
r
a
n
d
7
th
o
rd
er
h
armo
ni
cs
a
re
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
the
s
o
u
r
ce
be
tw
e
e
n
0.1s
a
nd
0
.
1
5s.
Th
ere
is
a
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
g
o
f
0.
5pu
b
etwee
n
0
.2
s
an
d
0
.
2
5
s
a
nd
1
.5p
u
of
vo
lta
ge
s
w
e
l
l
occur
r
ed
b
e
t
w
e
en
0
.3s
a
n
d
0.
3
5
s.
G
rid
vo
lta
g
e
c
om
pen
s
at
i
on
has
do
ne
b
y
the
series
com
p
en
sat
o
r
u
nde
r
un
ba
lanc
ed
P
CC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
c
on
dit
i
o
ns.
The
loa
d
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
ma
inta
ine
d
a
t
t
h
e
r
a
te
d
vo
l
t
ag
e
con
d
i
t
i
on.
A
n
a
ppr
opria
te
v
o
lta
ge
V
SE
i
s
in
j
e
c
t
ed
i
n
op
posit
e
ph
a
s
e
with
t
h
e
d
i
s
tu
rb
an
ce
s
of
g
ri
d
vo
lta
ge
.
Th
us,
the
c
o
m
p
en
sat
i
on
for
t
h
e
gr
id
vol
tag
e
i
s
o
b
t
ai
ne
d
b
y
t
he
ser
i
e
s
c
o
m
pensa
t
or.
Be
si
des,
a
n
a
p
propr
iat
e
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
t
e
d
cu
rre
n
t
i
s
g
en
erat
ed
a
n
d
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
and
a
si
nu
so
id
al
gri
d
c
ur
rent
i
s
ma
in
tai
n
e
d
b
y
the
sh
un
t
com
p
en
sat
o
r.
F
i
gur
e 4.
O
pe
rati
o
n
of
U
P
Q
C
u
nde
r v
o
l
t
a
g
e
har
m
on
ics,
swell a
n
d
sa
g
c
ond
it
i
on
4.2.
Op
e
r
ation
of U
PQC
for un
b
a
lan
ced
load
The
pe
rform
anc
e
of
U
P
Q
C
i
s
de
pic
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e 7
c
o
ns
ider
ing
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
ce
d loa
d
.
T
h
e p
h
as
e ‘a
’
of th
e
loa
d
i
s
d
i
sc
o
n
n
ecte
d
a
t
t
=
0
.
4
s.
T
he
s
inus
oi
da
l
gri
d
c
urre
n
t
c
a
n
be
o
b
s
erve
d
c
l
ea
rl
y
from
F
i
g
ur
e
7.
T
h
e
harm
on
ics
s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m
an
d
t
h
e
TH
D
for
t
h
e
loa
d
c
ur
rent
i
s
di
sp
la
ye
d
i
n
F
i
gure
5
an
d
t
h
e
harm
on
ics
s
p
ectrum
and
TH
D
f
o
r
t
h
e
gri
d
c
ur
rent
i
s
d
i
s
p
la
ye
d
in
F
igur
e
6.
I
t
can
b
e
no
tice
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
loa
d
c
urr
e
nt
T
H
D
is
47.9
%
and
the THD
for
t
h
e grid
c
urre
nt is 3.59%
, ther
e
for
e
I
EEE-519 s
ta
n
d
a
r
d [12]
re
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
nt is o
b
ta
i
n
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
2
231
–
2
237
2
236
F
i
gur
e
5.
H
a
r
mon
i
c
spec
tr
um
a
nd
TH
D
of
t
h
e
L
oad
cur
r
ent
F
i
gur
e
6.
H
armon
i
c
spe
c
t
r
u
m
a
nd
TH
D
of
t
h
e
G
r
i
d
cur
r
ent
F
i
gur
e
7.
O
pera
tio
n
of
U
P
Q
C
under
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
h
a
r
m
on
i
c
s,
s
w
e
ll
an
d
sa
g
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
n
d
ur
i
ng
u
nba
la
nce
loa
d
co
ndi
tio
n
5.
CONCLUSION
The
t
h
r
e
e
-
pha
se
U
P
Q
C
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
s
t
ud
ie
d
in
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
des
i
gn
a
n
d
i
ts
dyn
a
m
i
c
o
pe
rat
i
o
n
und
er
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
o
f
har
m
on
ics,
v
o
l
tage
s
a
g
s
/
sw
el
l
an
d
u
n
b
ala
n
c
e
d
loa
d
.
It
c
an
b
e
not
ice
d
t
h
a
t
the
ha
rm
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
co
mp
ens
a
t
e
d
wh
i
c
h
was
cre
a
t
e
d
by
n
onl
i
n
ea
r
l
o
ad
a
nd
I
EE
E
-
5
1
9
st
a
n
da
r
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
gr
id
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s
ma
i
n
ta
ine
d
.
The
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ili
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m
ode
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i
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.
ACKNOWLEDGE
ME
N
T
S
Th
is
r
ese
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
su
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by
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-
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m
R
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a
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t
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L
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GS),
M
in
is
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y
of
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d
u
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a
t
ion
Ma
la
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f
or
t
he
p
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m
tit
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eca
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of
G
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w
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O
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C
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o
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Energ
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t
f
or
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ne
r
gy
S
t
or
a
g
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S
y
ste
m
i
n
M
i
cr
ogr
id
A
p
p
lica
t
i
ons"
w
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pr
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c
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o
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6
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I
R
MI
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RG
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001/
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T
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f
Resea
rch
Mana
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nnova
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I
R
M
I
)
,
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niver
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lam
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ala
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ch.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
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e
c
&
D
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IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
S
i
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ifi
c
ant
i
m
pl
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c
at
ion
o
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u
n
i
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e
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p
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ali
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…
K
a
mrul
Ha
san
2
237
REFE
RENCES
[1]
B.
S
i
ngh,
A
.
Chandra
and
K.
A
.
H
a
dd
ad,
P
o
wer Quality:
Prob
l
e
ms
and Mitiga
tion Techniques
.
Lo
nd
on:
W
iley
,
20
15
.
[2]
M. Bo
l
len an
d I.
Gu
o
,
S
i
gn
a
l
Pro
ces
si
ng
o
f
Po
wer Q
ualit
y
Dist
u
r
ba
nces
.
Ho
bo
ken:
Jo
h
n
Wiley
,
200
6.
[3]
P
.
J
a
y
a
p
r
a
k
a
s
h
,
B
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
D
.
K
o
t
h
a
r
i
,
A
.
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
,
a
n
d
K
.
A
l
-
H
a
d
d
a
d,
"
Co
nt
rol
of
r
ed
uced-rat
i
n
g
d
y
n
am
ic
v
o
l
t
a
ge
rest
o
r
er with
a b
att
e
ry
rag
e
sys
t
e
m
,
"
IEE
E
Trans.
Ind. A
ppl.
,
vol.
50,
n
o
.
2
,
pp
.
1
2
9
5
–
130
3,
M
a
r
ch
2
0
1
4
.
[4]
R
.
S
.
V
e
da
m
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
S
a
r
m
a
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
:
Va
r
c
o
m
i
o
n
in
p
ow
er
s
ystem
s
,"
CRC P
r
ess
2009
,
Boca
Raton,
F
L,
USA.
[5]
B.
S
in
gh
,
K
.
A
l
-
Had
d
ad
a
nd
A.
C
h
a
nd
ra,
"
A
r
evi
e
w
o
f
acti
v
e
filt
ers
f
o
r
p
o
wer
qu
ali
t
y
im
pro
v
em
en
t",
IE
E
E
Tran
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
str
i
a
l
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s
,
v
o
l
. 46
,
n
o. 5
, p
p.
96
0
-
97
1, 19
9
9
.
[6]
A. Hamadi,
S
. Rahmani
a
nd
K
.
Al
-Haddad, "
A
Hybri
d
P
ass
i
ve
F
ilte
r
Con
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
on
f
o
r VAR Contro
l
and
Harm
o
n
ic
Compensation",
I
E
EE
T
r
an
sa
ct
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
dustr
i
a
l E
l
ect
ro
ni
cs
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
pp.
2419
-24
34,
2
0
1
0
.
[7]
A.
B
hat
t
achary
a
,
C.
C
hakrab
o
r
t
y
a
n
d
S
.
Bhat
tach
arya,
"
S
h
u
n
t
co
m
pe
n
s
a
t
io
n"
,
IEE
E
Indus
t
rial Electroni
c
s
M
a
gazin
e
,
vo
l. 3
, n
o.
3,
pp
.
38
-4
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8]
R. Si
r
jani
an
d
A
. Rezae
e J
o
rdeh
i, "
O
p
t
i
m
a
l placem
en
t an
d
s
i
z
i
ng
o
f
d
i
stri
bu
ti
on stati
c
c
om
pen
s
at
or (D
-
STATCOM
)
in
e
l
ectric
dis
t
ri
buti
on
n
e
t
works:
A
r
e
v
iew
"
,
Renewab
l
e
and
S
u
s
t
aina
bl
e
E
n
erg
y
R
eviews
,
v
o
l.
7
7,
p
p
.
6
88
-694,
20
17
.
[9]
R.
B
eres,
X.
W
a
n
g
,
M
.
L
i
serre,
F
. Blaab
j
e
rg
a
nd
C
.
Bak
, "
A
Rev
i
ew o
f
P
a
ssi
v
e
P
o
w
er
F
il
t
e
rs f
or
T
hree-P
h
as
e Gri
d
-
Con
n
ected
V
ol
ta
ge-S
o
u
rce
Co
nv
erters",
IEEE Jo
ur
na
l of
Em
erg
i
ng
a
n
d
S
e
lected
T
o
pics
i
n
Po
we
r E
l
ectro
nics
,
vol.
4
,
n
o.
1
, p
p.
54
-
69
, 20
1
6
.
[10]
J.
R
in
g
w
oo
d
and
S
.
S
im
ani,
"
O
v
ervi
ew
o
f
mo
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
and
co
nt
rol
s
tra
t
eg
ies
f
o
r
wi
nd
t
urbines
an
d
wav
e
e
n
e
rg
y
d
e
vic
e
s
: Co
mpa
r
iso
n
s
a
nd
c
on
tra
s
ts"
,
An
nu
a
l
Reviews
in
Contr
o
l
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
p
p.
27-49,
2
0
15.
[11]
K.
A
h
m
ed,
S.
F
i
n
ney
and
B.
W
illi
a
m
s,
"
Passive
Filt
er
D
esi
g
n
f
o
r
T
h
r
ee-P
h
ase
In
vert
e
r
I
n
t
erf
acin
g
i
n
D
i
st
rib
u
t
e
d
Generation",
20
07 Compa
t
i
b
ility i
n
P
o
wer E
l
ectroni
cs
,
20
07.
[12]
“
I
EE
E
reco
mm
ended
p
r
acti
ces
a
nd
requ
irem
ent
s
f
or
h
arm
onic
con
t
r
o
l
i
n
el
ectrical
p
ow
er
s
ystems,”
IEE
E
St
d 51
9-
19
92
, p
p.
1–
1
1
2
, Apri
l
1
99
3.
[13]
M.
F
a
r
ho
od
ne
a
,
A
.
Mo
ha
me
d
a
n
d
H.
S
ha
re
e
f
,
"
A
c
om
pa
ra
tiv
e
s
tu
d
y
on
t
he
p
erf
o
rm
an
ce
o
f
c
u
s
t
o
m
po
wer
devi
ce
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
qu
ali
t
y
im
pro
v
em
ent
"
,
20
14
IEEE In
novat
ive S
m
art Grid
Tech
no
lo
gies - A
s
i
a
(
I
S
G
T AS
IA)
, 2
01
4.
[14]
C.
K
uma
r
a
n
d
M
.
M
i
sh
ra
,
"
O
pe
ra
tion
a
n
d
Control
o
f
a
n
Impr
ov
e
d
P
erf
o
rm
ance
In
tera
cti
v
e
D
S
TA
T
C
OM
",
IE
EE
Tran
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
str
i
a
l
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s
,
vol.
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p.
602
4-6
0
3
4
,
2
01
5.
[15]
S
.
B
.
K
a
r
a
n
k
i
,
N
.
G
e
d
d
a
d
a
,
M
.
K
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
a
n
d
B
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
"
A
M
o
d
i
f
i
ed
T
h
r
ee-P
h
ase
F
o
ur-W
ire
UP
Q
C
T
op
o
l
o
g
y
with
R
educed
D
C-Link
Vo
ltage
R
ati
n
g"
,
IEE
E
Tr
an
sa
c
tio
ns
on
In
du
strial
Elect
ro
ni
cs
,
vo
l.
6
0
,
n
o.
9
,
pp
.
35
55
-
35
66
,
2
0
1
3
.
[16]
K.
S
omsai,
"
C
o
nt
roller
Design
o
f
UP
QC
f
o
r
E
n
h
an
c
i
ng
P
ow
e
r
Q
uali
t
y
i
n
Distribution
System
"
,
International
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r Electr
onics
and D
r
i
ve Sys
t
ems
(
I
JPE
D
S)
,
v
o
l
. 9
,
n
o
.
4
, p
. 1
59
1
,
2
01
8.
[17]
B.
S
lim
ane,
A
.
O
t
hm
a
n
e
and
A.
A
b
d
elk
a
der,
"
U
n
if
i
e
d
P
o
wer
Q
u
alit
y
Con
d
iti
oner
S
u
pp
li
ed
b
y
Fu
el
C
ell
S
y
stem
Vi
a
SE
PIC
Convert
er"
,
Int
e
rn
at
ion
a
l
Jo
ur
na
l o
f
Po
wer El
ectr
o
n
i
cs an
d Dr
ive Syst
ems
(
I
JPEDS)
,
vo
l.
10,
n
o.
1
,
p
.
17
8,
201
9.
[18]
A.
J
av
adi,
A
.
Ham
a
di
,
L
.
W
oo
d
w
a
r
d
,
a
nd
K.
A
l
-
Had
d
ad,
“E
xp
eri
m
en
tal
i
n
v
e
stig
a
tio
n
on
a
hybrid
s
eries
acti
v
e
po
wer
co
m
p
ens
a
to
r
to
i
mp
rov
e
p
o
w
er qual
i
t
y
o
f
typ
i
cal hou
seh
o
l
d
s,”
IE
E
E
T
r
ans
.
Ind. Electr
o
n.
,
v
o
l
.
63
,
n
o
.
8,
p
p
.
48
49
–48
59
,
A
ug
2
0
16.
[19]
A.
J
av
a
d
i,
L
.
Wo
odw
ard
an
d
K.
A
l-H
a
ddad
,
"
Real-T
im
e
Im
pl
e
m
ent
a
t
io
n
o
f
a
T
hree-P
h
as
e
TH
S
e
AF
B
as
e
d
o
n
a
V
S
C
a
n
d
a
P
+
R
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
t
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
P
o
w
e
r
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
W
e
a
k
D
istribu
tion
Systems"
,
IEE
E
Tran
sac
t
io
n
s
on
Po
wer E
l
ectr
o
n
i
cs
,
vol.
3
3
,
n
o.
3
,
p
p.
2
0
73-2
0
8
2
,
201
8.
[20]
S.
K
.
Khadem,
M.
B
asu,
a
nd
M
.
F.
C
onlon
,
“
Int
e
lligent
i
s
l
a
ndi
n
g
a
nd
s
eam
les
s
r
eco
nn
ectio
n
tech
niq
u
e
for
m
i
crog
rid
wit
h
u
pq
c,”
IEEE J
o
ur
na
l
of
Emerg
i
n
g
and
S
e
lect
e
d
T
o
pi
c
s
i
n
Power
E
l
ectr
o
n
i
cs
,
vo
l.
3
,
no
.
2
,
p
p.
4
8
3
–
49
2,
J
un
e
20
15.
[21]
J.
M
.
G
u
errero,
P.
C
.
L
oh,
T
.
L
e
e
and
M.
C
hand
ork
a
r,
"
Ad
van
c
ed
Co
ntro
l
Architect
ure
s
f
or
I
n
t
elli
gent
M
i
crog
rids—P
art
II:
P
o
w
er
Q
ual
i
t
y
,
En
erg
y
S
tora
g
e
,
an
d
AC/DC
M
i
c
r
og
rids"
,
IEEE
T
r
an
s
a
ct
io
ns
on
In
dus
tr
ia
l
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol.
6
0
,
no.
4
,
pp.
1
2
6
3-12
70
,
2
013
.
[22]
A.
G
ho
sh
a
nd
G
.
Le
d
w
ic
h
,
“
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
tio
n
o
f
d
ist
r
ib
ut
io
n
sys
t
e
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge
u
si
ng
d
v
r
,
”
I
E
E
E
Tr
an
s. Po
w
e
r
D
e
l
.
,
vol.
17
,
n
o.
4
,
p
p
.
1030–
10
36
,
O
c
t
2002
.
[23]
D.
D
,
S.
B
ugat
a
and
K.
J
,
"
A
c
ontrol
s
t
r
ategy
on
power
q
uality
im
prov
em
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[24]
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[25]
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[26]
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