In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
5
5
5
~1
5
6
3
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1555-1563
1555
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Performance analyses on fluidized
bed d
ryer in
tegra
t
ed bi
o
ma
ss
furnace with and w
ithout air
preheater for pa
ddy drying
M.
Y
a
h
ya,
He
n
d
r
iwan
Fah
mi, S
yafru
l Had
i
,
Ed
ison
Fa
ku
lta
s
T
e
k
no
lo
gi Ind
us
tr
i,
Ins
titu
t
Te
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
P
a
d
a
n
g, In
d
o
n
e
s
ia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
1
2
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
3,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 1
8
,
2
019
Th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
a
f
l
u
i
d
i
zed
b
ed
d
ry
er
i
n
t
eg
rat
e
d
bi
om
ass
f
u
r
nace
w
i
t
h
a
i
r
preh
eater
(
F
B
D
wit
h
A
P
H
)
an
d
a
fl
ui
d
i
zed
b
ed
d
ryer
i
nteg
rated
b
io
ma
s
s
f
u
rn
ace
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
air
preh
eater
(
F
B
D
with
out
A
PH
)
f
o
r
dry
i
n
g
o
f
p
add
y
h
av
e
been
e
val
u
at
ed.
Th
e
F
B
D
wit
h
A
P
H
a
nd
F
BD
w
ith
ou
t
AP
H
decreased
the
m
o
ist
u
re
o
f
pad
d
y
f
r
om
24%
(
w
e
t
b
a
si
s)
t
o
14
%
(w
et
b
asi
s
)
wit
h
i
n
43
and
47
m
i
nu
t
e
s
with
a
v
e
rage
t
em
perat
u
re
s
and
r
e
lati
ve
h
umidi
t
ies
o
f
5
9
.
58
oC
a
nd
59
.
1
4
o
C,
a
nd
18.
81%
a
n
d
1
8
.
6
8
%
,
r
esp
ecti
v
e
l
y.
T
h
e
d
ryi
n
g
rat
e
o
f
pa
dd
y
v
a
rie
d
i
n
th
e
ra
ng
e
o
f
0
.1
1
kg
/m
in
-0.3
2
kg
/m
in
a
nd
0
.10
kg
/m
in-
0.
3
0 kg/
min
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
,
w
i
t
h
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
0.
18k
g/min
an
d
0.
1
7
k
g
/
m
in,
res
p
ecti
v
el
y
.
T
he
m
inim
u
m
,
m
a
xi
m
u
m,
and
averag
e
v
a
l
u
e
sp
ecifi
c
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
e
v
a
p
orat
io
n
ra
t
e
(
S
M
E
R
)
was
0
.
2
0
k
g
/k
Wh
,
0.
57
k
g
/
k
Wh
,
an
d
0.
3
1
k
g
/
kWh
,
r
espect
iv
ely
f
o
r
FBD
wit
h
A
PH,
as
w
ell
as
0.
149
k
g
/
k
W
h
,
0
.
4
4
8
k
g
/
kWh,
a
nd
0
.
2
5
2
kg/kWh,
r
es
pectiv
e
l
y,
f
o
r
FB
D
with
ou
t
A
P
H
.
T
h
e
s
p
ecif
i
c
energy
c
on
su
m
p
ti
on
(
SEC),
the
s
p
ecif
ic
elect
rical
e
nerg
y
con
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
(S
EEC),
and
the
sp
ec
i
f
ic
t
herm
al
energy
c
o
nsum
pt
io
n
(
S
TEC)
w
e
r
e
v
a
rie
d
f
rom
1
.
7
4
9
k
Wh/k
g
to
5
.07
6
k
W
h
/k
g,
0.
090
k
W
h
/
k
g
to
2
.
8
72
k
W
h
/
kg,
a
nd
0
.
7
6
0
k
Wh/
k
g
to
2
.
204
k
W
h
/
kg,
w
ith
averag
e
val
u
es
o
f
3
.
5
2
8
kWh/
kg
,
1.
96
k
Wh/
k
g
,
a
n
d
1
.
5
3
2
k
W
h
/
k
g
,
re
spe
c
tive
l
y
fo
r
FBD
wi
th
A
P
H
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
f
r
o
m
2
.
23
4
k
W
h
/
kg
t
o
6.
7
02
k
W
h/
kg
,
1.
0
56
kW
h
/
k
g
t
o
3
.
1
67
k
W
h/k
g
,
an
d
1
.
17
9
k
W
h
/
kg
t
o
3.
536
k
W
h/
kg
,
wit
h
a
verag
e
v
alu
e
s
of
4
.
3
91
k
W
h
/k
g
,
2
.
0
7
5
k
W
h
/k
g
,
a
n
d
2
.
31
6
k
W
h/
kg
,
res
p
ecti
v
el
y,
f
or
F
BD
w
itho
u
t
AP
H.
T
h
e
t
herm
al
e
f
fi
cien
c
ie
s
of
t
he
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
e
r
e
v
a
r
i
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
1
2
.
4
%
a
n
d
37
.
9
3
%
,
a
nd
9.
7
8%
and
29
.
82
%,
resv
ectiv
ely
,
with
av
e
r
ag
e
val
u
e
s
of
2
0
.
7
8
%
and
1
6
.6
1%
.
T
h
e
therm
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
ency
o
f
F
B
D
w
i
th
A
PH
w
as
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
om
p
a
red
t
o
F
B
D
w
it
ho
u
t
AP
H
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Air m
a
in
h
eate
r
Air pr
ehea
ter
F
l
ui
d
i
z
e
d
b
e
d
drye
r
P
a
ddy
P
e
rform
a
nc
e
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
M
.
Y
a
h
y
a
,
F
a
kultas
Tek
n
o
l
o
gi
I
n
dus
t
r
i
,
Inst
i
t
u
t
Te
k
nol
og
i P
a
dan
g
,
Ind
ones
i
a,
25
1
46.
Em
ail:
yah
y
a
_
er
r@yah
oo.
co
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
D
r
yi
n
g
i
s
on
e
of
t
he
o
lde
s
t
m
e
th
o
d
s
for
prese
r
vat
i
o
n
o
f
foo
d
o
r
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
l
y
act
i
v
e
prod
u
c
ts
s
uc
h
as
pad
d
y
,
fish,
a
nd
c
h
il
i.
D
ryi
n
g
i
s
p
rim
a
ri
ly
p
e
r
for
m
e
d
t
o
de
cr
ea
se
t
h
e
m
ois
t
u
r
e
con
t
ent
of
f
o
o
d
o
r
bi
ol
og
i
c
a
l
l
y
ac
t
i
ve pro
duc
ts
t
o
a
sa
ve leve
l
f
or
s
tor
a
ge [1]
.
T
h
e
ope
n
s
u
n
d
ryin
g
an
d
me
cha
n
ic
a
l
d
r
y
e
r
a
re
c
omm
onl
y
use
d
for
dry
i
n
g
o
f
f
oo
d
or
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
call
y
act
i
v
e
prod
uc
ts.
T
h
e
o
p
en
s
u
n
dr
yi
n
g
i
s
v
e
ry
s
im
p
l
e
a
n
d
c
h
ea
p
b
u
t
low
qua
l
ity
p
ro
d
u
ct
s
an
d
low
dry
i
ng
r
a
t
es.
The
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
cal
d
r
y
er
h
a
s
t
he
d
is
adva
n
t
a
g
e
tha
t
e
nerg
y
is
u
sed
to
h
ea
t
the
dry
i
n
g
a
ir
f
or
d
ry
i
ng
o
p
e
r
a
tion
s
t
ill
de
p
e
nd
s
o
n
f
oss
i
l
fue
ls
a
nd
c
o
n
s
um
es
m
uch
en
e
r
gy,
w
hile
t
he
f
oss
i
l
f
u
el
s
a
r
e
e
x
p
e
nsi
v
e
and
st
e
a
d
i
l
y
i
n
c
re
asi
n
g
,
a
s
wel
l
a
s
t
h
e
i
r
s
ourc
e
s
are
lim
ite
d
[2].
M
a
n
y
st
ud
i
e
s
use
d
a
s
o
l
a
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
1555
– 1
563
1
556
dryer
i
n
te
gra
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
b
i
oma
s
s
furna
c
e
(
b
i
o
m
a
ss
burne
r
o
r
s
to
ve)
t
o
s
o
lve
t
h
e
prob
le
ms
o
f
o
p
e
n
s
u
n
d
r
y
in
g
and
me
chan
ica
l
d
ry
in
g.
A
sola
r
drye
r
in
te
grate
d
w
ith
b
iom
a
ss
fur
n
ace
i
s
use
d
a
s
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
ti
ve
t
o
op
en
s
un
d
r
y
i
ng
a
nd
me
cha
n
ic
al
d
ryi
n
g
beca
use
it
resul
t
h
ig
h
qu
ali
t
y
pro
d
u
c
t
s,
s
hor
t
dry
i
ng
t
i
m
e
,
and
a
l
so
t
he
s
o
l
ar
a
n
d
b
i
o
ma
ss
ene
r
g
i
es
a
re
r
e
n
ewab
le
a
n
d
a
bu
n
d
an
t
[3]
.
A
s
olar
t
un
ne
l
gr
eenh
o
use
d
r
yer
c
ouple
d
w
i
t
h
b
i
oma
ss
back
u
p
hea
t
e
r
f
or
d
r
y
i
ng
o
f
c
oc
o
n
u
t
s
has
been
s
t
u
die
d
e
x
p
erim
en
t
a
ll
y
b
y
A
r
un
e
t
a
l
.
[
4].
The
di
m
e
nsi
on
of
t
he
d
r
y
er
is
4
m
(
W)
x
1
0
m
(L)
x
3
m
(
H
).
T
hey
f
oun
d
tha
t
t
he
d
ryer
r
edu
ced
t
h
e
m
o
i
st
u
r
e
co
nt
en
t
of
c
o
c
on
ut
f
ro
m
53.8
4
%
w
e
t ba
si
s
to
7
.00
3
%
w
e
t ba
sis w
ith
i
n
44 h
o
u
r
s
.
Y
a
hya
[
5]
h
a
s
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
te
d
ex
per
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
a
s
o
l
ar-a
ssiste
d
hea
t
p
um
p
dry
e
r
int
e
gra
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
bi
oma
s
s
furna
c
e
b
y
u
si
ng
c
a
b
i
net
t
ype
o
f
dr
y
i
ng
c
h
am
ber
for
dry
i
ng
re
d
c
h
ill
i
es
a
c
ap
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
2
2
kg
.
Th
e
re
sea
r
ch
er
repor
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
he
d
rye
r
a
b
l
e
t
o
r
educe
the
mois
ture
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
of
r
ed
c
h
i
llies
from
4
.
2
6
dry
bas
i
s
to
0
.
08
dry
bas
i
s
w
i
th
in
1
1
ho
urs
a
t
a
n
a
i
r
ma
ss
f
low
rate
o
f
0.1
2
4
k
g/
s,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
v
era
g
es
d
ry
i
n
g
cha
m
be
r
tem
p
era
t
ure
and
dry
i
ng cha
m
be
r r
e
lati
ve h
um
id
ity of 70.
5
°
C
an
d
1
0.1
%
,
re
sp
ecti
v
el
y. The the
rm
al e
fficie
nc
y o
f
t
he
dr
y
er
w
a
s
est
i
ma
t
e
d
i
n
a
vera
ge
o
f
a
b
ou
t
9.0
3
%.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
s
c
o
n
t
ri
b
u
t
i
on
o
f
he
a
t
e
nerg
y
by
t
he
col
l
ec
t
o
r,
c
onde
nser
a
nd b
i
om
ass fur
n
ace
w
e
r
e
obt
a
i
ne
d of
a
bo
u
t
14.
7
4
%,
47.3
9
%
an
d 3
7
.
87%
, r
espec
t
i
v
e
l
y.
A
solar
-
assiste
d
fl
uidi
z
e
d
b
e
d
d
r
y
e
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
b
i
o
m
a
s
s
f
u
r
na
ce
f
or
d
ry
in
g
o
f
p
ad
d
y
w
as
des
i
g
n
e
d
,
c
ons
t
r
uc
ted,
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
t
e
d
b
y
Y
a
hya
e
t
a
l
.
[6].
T
he
d
ry
ing
sys
t
em
r
e
duced
t
h
e
m
a
s
s
of
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g
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g
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ass
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o
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ra
t
e
o
f
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g/
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n
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s
w
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h
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ge
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em
pera
ture
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oC
.
The
a
v
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g
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t
h
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a
l
effi
c
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is
1
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f
o
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i
r
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r
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dry
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g
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f
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o
C
,
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esp
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iv
ely
.
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h
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v
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frac
tio
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s
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or
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8 oC, respec
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[
7]
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dry
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om
0
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om
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m
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d
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ste
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es
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h
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t
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rma
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efficie
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c
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f d
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em
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inim
iz
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t
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n
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of
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ryi
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Ta
dahm
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a
l
.
[
8
]
h
a
v
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d
a
s
u
b
d
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y
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r
a
s
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a
r
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ma
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dr
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s
y
ste
m
f
or
d
ry
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c
hi
li
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The
dr
yin
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yste
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cons
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s
t
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sola
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heate
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dry
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ham
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,
drye
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chimne
y,
t
he
rm
al
b
a
c
k-u
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nit,
r
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,
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d
fl
u
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g
a
s
c
himn
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y
f
ou
nd
t
hat
t
h
e
ov
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r
al
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d
r
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e
f
fi
ci
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specti
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ye
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o
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g
rat
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b
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n
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usi
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me
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p
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his stu
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s
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itho
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ir
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r
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r
(AP
H
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for
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r
yi
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o
f
pa
d
d
y
.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
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xp
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a
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l
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ig
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iom
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furnac
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se
v
e
ra
l
m
a
in
p
a
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such
a
s
the
he
at
e
xc
ha
n
g
er
,
com
b
u
st
io
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c
h
am
ber,
c
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m
n
ey
a
nd
b
l
o
w
e
r.
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h
e
hea
t
e
xc
ha
nge
r
has
tw
o
st
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air
he
a
t
er
n
a
m
e
l
y
firs
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s
t
ag
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is
a
i
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m
a
i
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h
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a
t
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(
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M
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n
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s
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d
s
t
a
g
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i
s
a
i
r
p
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h
eat
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r
(
AP
H)
.
Th
e
ai
r
ma
i
n
h
e
a
t
e
r
an
d
ai
r
p
r
eh
e
a
t
e
r
b
o
th
h
as
14-u
n
i
t
h
e
a
t
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xc
ha
nger
pi
pes w
e
re
c
om
pose
d
of mi
l
d
s
t
ee
l
w
i
t
h
diam
e
ter
o
f
2.5 inc
. The w
a
ll of t
he com
bus
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
m
be
r use
d
b
r
i
c
k
, cem
ent an
d
s
t
ee
l pla
t
e
mat
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ri
a
l
s.
The
fl
ui
d
i
se
d
b
e
d
con
s
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s
t
e
d
of
t
h
e
d
ryi
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c
h
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a
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r
fl
o
w
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is
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in
l
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c
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m
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t
h
e
pa
d
y
w
as
m
ea
su
re
d
wi
thi
n
a
0–15
k
g
r
a
n
g
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
TK
B-
0.
1
5
w
ei
gh
ing
sca
l
e
w
i
t
h
a
n
acc
ur
ac
y
o
f
±
0
.
05
k
g
.
P
a
ddy
m
a
ss
ch
ange
w
as
w
ei
g
h
ed,
an
d
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
w
a
s
m
e
a
s
ur
ed
e
ve
r
y
5
m
in.
T
h
e
dr
y
i
n
g
e
xpe
r
i
me
nts
w
e
r
e
p
er
for
m
ed
t
o
ev
al
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
d
ry
er
p
e
r
f
o
rma
n
ce
u
nd
er
tw
o
di
ffe
r
e
n
t
o
per
a
tin
g
m
ode
s:
F
B
D
w
it
h
A
P
H
ope
r
a
ti
on
m
ode,
and
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
.
A
i
r
pr
ehea
t
e
r
w
a
s
no
t
used
f
o
r
F
BD
w
it
h
out
A
P
H
oper
a
tion
m
ode,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fig
u
re
2
.
Air
pre
h
eat
er
w
as
e
m
plo
y
e
d
f
or
F
BD
w
ith
A
P
H
o
pe
r
a
ti
o
n
m
ode,
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
3
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
P
hot
ogr
a
ph
o
f
f
l
u
id
ize
d
b
e
d
d
r
y
er
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
bi
o
m
a
s
s
f
u
rn
ac
e
F
i
gur
e
2.
S
chem
a
t
ic
d
iagr
a
m
o
f
F
B
D
w
ith
o
u
t
A
P
H
oper
a
tio
n
mode
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
5
5
5
–
1
563
1
558
F
i
gur
e
3.
S
c
h
em
atic
d
iagr
am
of
F
B
D
w
i
th
A
P
H
oper
a
tio
n
mode
2.
3.
Pe
rf
or
man
c
e
A
n
alyses
The
m
o
istur
e
c
o
n
te
n
t
(
w
e
t
bas
i
s)
,
t
h
e
dr
yi
n
g
r
ate,
t
he
s
pe
ci
fi
c
m
oist
ur
e
eva
por
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
(
S
M
ER
)
,
t
he
spec
if
ic
e
ner
g
y
cons
umpt
i
on
(
S
EC)
,
t
he
s
pe
cif
i
c
the
r
m
a
l
e
n
e
r
gy
co
nsump
t
io
n
(
S
TEC
)
,
t
he
s
pec
i
f
i
c
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
ca
l
e
n
er
g
y
c
ons
umpt
i
on
(
S
EEC)
,
a
nd
the
t
h
er
m
a
l
eff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
dr
y
i
n
g
s
ys
tem
w
e
r
e
c
a
l
c
u
late
d
us
in
g
e
q
uai
t
i
ons
i
n
Tabl
e 1
[
9
]-[15].
I
ndic
a
ti
ons
o
f
pe
r
f
orm
a
n
c
e
P
e
rfor
m
a
n
ce
e
qu
a
t
ion
E
qua
tions
no.
T
h
e
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
c
o
n
t
en
t (
w
et b
as
i
s
)
.
we
t
p
d
dp
d
wetp
d
wb
m
m
-
m
M
(1
)
The
dr
y
i
ng
ra
te
.
wa
te
r
wa
ter
t
m
m
(2
)
The
spec
ific m
oi
st
ure
e
v
a
por
a
tion
ra
te
bl
bm
f
wa
t
e
r
E
E
m
SME
R
(3
)
The
spec
ific e
n
e
rgy
c
onsu
m
pti
on
wa
ter
bl
bmf
m
E
E
SEC
(4
)
The
spec
ific
t
he
r
m
a
l
e
n
e
rgy
c
onsum
p
t
ion
wa
t
e
r
bm
f
m
E
STE
C
(5
)
T
h
e s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
e
l
ect
r
i
cal
e
n
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
wa
t
e
r
bl
m
E
S
EEC
(6
)
T
h
e t
h
er
mal
ef
f
i
ci
e
n
cy
o
f
d
r
yi
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
bl
bm
f
fg
wa
t
e
r
th
E
E
H
m
η
(7
)
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
The var
i
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he tem
per
a
t
u
r
e
a
t
i
n
l
e
t
a
n
d
ou
t
l
et
o
f
t
h
e
a
i
r
m
ain
he
a
t
er
o
f
b
i
oma
s
s
furn
a
ce
of
F
BD
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
it
h
dr
y
i
ng
ti
m
e
i
s
show
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4.
T
h
e
se
t
em
per
at
ures
w
e
r
e
va
ried
b
etwe
e
n
3
9.1
2
°
C
an
d
41.
9
0
°
C,
a
nd
59.
60
°
C
a
nd
62.
90
°
C
,
w
i
t
h
a
ver
a
ge
v
a
l
ues
of
4
0.
05
°C
a
n
d
60.
9
3
°
C,
r
espe
ct
ive
l
y.
The
var
i
at
i
on
of
t
he
t
em
per
a
tur
e
a
t
in
le
t
a
n
d
ou
tle
t
of
t
he
a
ir
p
re
h
eate
r
a
n
d
ai
r
ma
i
n
h
eat
e
r
o
f
b
i
o
m
a
ss
fu
rn
ace
o
f
FB
D
wi
th
A
PH
v
ersu
s
d
r
yi
ng
t
i
m
e
is
d
i
s
pl
ay
ed
i
n
F
i
gur
e
5.
T
hes
e
t
em
per
a
t
u
r
e
s
w
e
r
e
obs
er
ved
i
n
t
h
e
r
ange
o
f
32.
36
°
C–4
2
.
2
0
°
C
a
nd
45.
4
7
°
C–5
1
.
20
°
C
,
a
n
d
4
4
.
4
6
°
C
–
4
9
.
8
0
°
C
a
n
d
6
1
.
1
0
°
C
–
63.
5
0
°
C,
w
ith
a
ver
a
ge
v
a
l
ue
s
of
38.
2
8
°
C
an
d
48.
2
9
°
C,
a
nd
47.
3
5
°
C
and
61.
98
°
C
,
r
e
spe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Perf
orm
a
n
c
e a
naly
s
es
o
n
f
l
u
i
dize
d
be
d drye
r
in
tegr
a
t
ed b
i
om
ass
f
u
r
nac
e
w
i
t
h
and wi
th
o
u
t
a
i
r …
(
M
.
Y
ahy
a)
1
559
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
. Va
r
ia
ti
o
n
in te
m
p
er
ature
wit
h
dry
in
g time
f
o
r
FBD
wit
hou
t AP
H
F
i
gur
e
5.
V
ar
iat
i
o
n
i
n
t
e
m
p
e
r
atur
e
w
i
t
h
d
r
y
in
g
tim
e
f
o
r
FBD with
AP
H
The
var
i
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
c
om
b
u
s
t
i
o
n
a
i
r
t
e
mpe
r
atur
e
an
d
the
fl
ue
g
a
s
te
mpe
r
at
ur
e
l
i
vi
ng
o
f
b
i
om
ass
fu
rn
ace
f
o
r
FBD
with
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
wi
th
out
A
PH
v
ersu
s
d
r
y
i
ng
time
i
s
de
pi
cted
i
n
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
he
c
o
mbu
s
t
i
on
a
i
r
tem
p
er
at
ur
e
a
nd
t
h
e
f
l
ue
g
a
s
t
em
per
a
t
u
r
e
l
i
v
in
g
o
f
c
him
n
e
y
o
f
biom
ass
f
u
r
n
a
ce
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
th
A
P
H
and
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
ou
t
A
P
H
va
r
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
nge
o
f 27
2.
3 °
C
–3
7
7
.
3
°
C
a
n
d
1
2
1
.
1
°
C
–
168.
3
°
C
,
an
d 2
8
5
.
2
°
C–
35
5.
8
°C
a
n
d
1
7
2
.
2
°
C
–
23
0.
6
°
C
,
w
i
t
h
a
ve
r
a
ge
v
a
l
ue
s
of
3
1
3
.
2
°
C
a
nd
1
50
.9
°
C
,
a
n
d
3
25
.
5
4
°C
a
nd
19
3.
6
°
C
, re
sp
ec
ti
v
e
ly
.
The
var
i
a
t
i
on
of
t
em
per
a
tur
e
a
nd
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
h
umid
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
d
r
y
i
ng
t
i
m
e
a
r
e
d
em
on
str
a
te
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
7.
The
t
em
pera
t
u
re
a
nd
the
rela
t
i
ve
h
um
idi
t
y
a
t
the
i
n
l
e
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
le
t
of
t
he
d
r
y
in
g
c
h
am
ber
w
e
r
e
obser
ve
d
in
t
he
r
a
nge
o
f
5
8
.
0
2
°C–6
0.
80
°
C
a
nd
17.
3
0
%-
2
1
.
0
6
%
,
a
nd
3
6
.
42
°C
–
49.
0
°
C
an
d
1
8
.
3
0
%
-
48.
4
2
%,
w
it
h
a
v
er
a
g
e
va
lue
s
o
f
59.
5
8
°
C
a
nd
1
8
.
8
1%,
a
nd
4
3
.
0
1
°
C
,
an
d
2
6
.
9
3
%
,
r
e
spe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
5
8
.
4
0
°C
–
60.
2
4
°
C
and
16.
2
0
%-
2
0
.
1
0
%
,
a
nd 3
7
.
09
°C–
50.
0
2
°
C
a
n
d
2
2
.
1
3
%
-
4
9.
03
%,
w
ith a
ve
r
a
ge
va
l
ue
s o
f
59.
1
4
°C
a
n
d
1
8.
68%
,
a
nd
42.
73
°
C
a
nd
29.
6
1
%,
r
espe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y,
f
or
F
BD
w
itho
u
t
APH.
The
va
r
i
a
t
i
on
of
m
o
i
s
t
ur
e
c
o
nt
e
n
t
of
p
a
d
d
y
a
nd
dr
y
i
ng
r
a
te
w
ith
d
r
y
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
hou
t
A
P
H
a
r
e
show
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
8.
T
he
m
o
i
stur
e
c
onte
n
t
o
f
pa
d
d
y
i
n
t
he
F
BD
w
it
h
A
P
H
a
nd
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
e
r
e
r
e
duc
ed
f
r
o
m
2
4
%
w
e
t
bas
i
s
to
1
4%
w
et
b
a
s
is
w
i
t
h
in
4
3
a
nd
4
7
m
inu
t
es,
re
spe
c
ti
ve
ly.
The
dr
yi
n
g
r
a
t
e
va
r
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
0.
11
k
g
/m
i
n
t
o
0.
32
k
g
/
m
i
n
f
or
F
BD
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
nd
fr
om
0
.
10
k
g
/m
in
t
o
0.
3
0
kg
/m
in
f
or
F
BD
w
itho
u
t
A
P
H
,
w
i
t
h
a
n
ave
r
a
g
e
of
0
.
18
k
g
/
min
an
d
0.
1
7
k
g
/
mi
n,
r
e
s
pe
cti
v
e
l
y.
The
var
i
at
i
on
of
S
ME
R
w
i
t
h
d
r
y
i
ng
t
i
me
i
s
il
lustr
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
igur
e
9
.
S
M
E
R
v
ar
ied
fr
om
0
.
20
k
g
/
k
Wh
t
o
0
.
5
7
kg/
kWh
fo
r
F
B
D
w
i
th
A
P
H
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
4
9
kg
/
k
W
h
to
0
.4
48
k
g/k
W
h
fo
r
FB
D
wit
h
out
A
P
H
,
w
i
t
h
a
v
er
a
g
e
va
lue
s
o
f
0.
31
kg
/k
W
h
a
nd
0.
25
2
k
g
/k
W
h,
r
e
s
pe
cti
v
e
l
y.
The
var
i
a
t
io
ns
o
f
S
E
C,
S
EEC
a
nd
S
TEC
w
i
t
h
d
r
y
in
g
tim
e
ar
e
show
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1
0
.
S
E
C
,
S
EEC
a
nd
S
TEC
v
a
r
i
e
d
i
n
t
he
r
an
ge
o
f
1.
74
9
kWh
/
k
g
–5.
0
7
6
k
Wh/
k
g,
0
.
90
k
W
h
/
k
g
–
2
.
8
72
k
W
h
/
k
g
a
n
d
0.
76
k
W
h/
kg
–2.
2
04
k
W
h
/
k
g
,
w
i
t
h
a
ver
a
g
e
v
a
l
ues
o
f
3
.
5
28,
1
.
9
9
6
a
nd
1.
53
2
kW
h
/
kg,
r
espec
t
ive
l
y
F
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
,
as
wel
l
as
2
.
2
3
4
k
W
h/
kg–
6
.
702
kWh
/
kg
,
1
.
056
k
Wh/
k
g–3
.16
7
k
Wh/
k
g
an
d
1.
17
9
k
W
h/
kg
–
3
.
5
3
6
k
Wh
/
kg,
w
i
t
h
a
ve
r
a
ge
v
alue
s
of
4
.
3
9
1
,
2.
0
7
5
a
nd
2
.
3
16
k
Wh
/k
g,
r
espe
c
tiv
e
l
y
,
f
o
r
F
B
D
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
,
a
s
show
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
10,
t
he
S
EC
,
S
EEC
a
nd
S
TEC
i
ncr
ease
d
w
it
h
an
i
n
cr
e
a
s
e
i
n
dr
y
i
n
g
t
ime
.
T
h
e
v
a
ri
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
rmal
e
ffici
en
c
i
es
o
f
dry
i
n
g
s
yst
e
m
a
r
e
d
e
pi
c
ted
in
F
igur
e
1
1
.
The
t
h
erm
a
l
e
f
fic
ienc
ies
o
f
d
ry
in
g
sys
t
em
o
f
FBD
wit
h
A
P
H
a
nd
FBD
witho
u
t
A
P
H
w
e
r
e
v
a
r
ied
fr
om
12.
9
2
%
t
o
37.
9
3
%
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
9
.
7
8
%
t
o
2
9
.
8
2
6
%
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
,
w
i
t
h
a
ve
rag
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
of
2
0
.
78%
a
nd
16.
6
1
%,
r
espec
tive
l
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
5
5
5
–
1
563
1
560
F
i
gur
e
6.
V
a
r
ia
ti
o
n
i
n
tem
p
er
a
t
ur
e
of
c
omb
u
s
t
i
o
n
and
f
l
u
e
g
as w
i
t
h
d
r
yi
ng
time
f
o
r
FBD
with
A
P
H
a
n
d
FBD with
ou
t AP
H
Figure
7.
Var
ia
tio
n
in tem
pera
tu
r
e
a
n
d
r
elat
iv
e
hum
id
it
y wi
th
d
ry
in
g t
i
me
F
i
gur
e
8.
V
a
r
ia
ti
o
n
i
n
m
o
ist
u
r
e
c
o
n
te
nt
a
n
d
d
r
y
ing
r
a
te
w
i
t
h
dr
y
i
n
g
t
im
e
Fi
g
u
re
9
.
V
ar
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
SM
ER
w
i
t
h
d
r
y
i
n
g
ti
me
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Va
riat
ion
in
S
EC,
SEEC,
an
d
S
T
EC with
d
r
yi
ng
ti
m
e
F
i
gure
1
1
.
Variati
o
n in t
her
m
a
l
e
ffici
enc
y
w
ith
d
r
yi
ng
ti
m
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rform
a
nce
a
n
a
l
yses
o
n
f
l
u
i
di
zed be
d drye
r
in
t
e
gr
ate
d
b
i
om
ass
fur
nac
e w
ith
a
nd w
ith
o
u
t a
i
r … (
M
.Y
a
h
ya)
1
561
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
f
l
u
i
d
i
z
e
d
b
e
d
d
r
y
e
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
b
i
o
m
a
s
s
f
u
r
n
a
c
e
w
a
s
f
a
b
r
i
c
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
t
e
s
t
e
d
f
o
r
d
r
y
i
n
g
of
p
a
d
dy.
T
he e
xper
i
m
e
nt r
esults i
n
d
ica
t
e
d
t
hat
:
Th
e
co
con
u
t
she
l
l
ch
arc
o
a
l
(bio
m
ass
f
u
e
l
)
i
s
u
sed
a
s
h
eat
e
ne
rg
y sour
ce for fl
ui
d
i
z
e
d be
d drye
rs. The
FBD
w
ith
A
P
H
a
nd
F
B
D
w
ith
o
u
t
A
P
H
dec
r
ea
se
d
the
m
o
i
s
tur
e
c
o
n
te
n
t
o
f
pa
d
d
y
from
2
4
%
w
e
t
bas
i
s
to
14%
we
t
b
a
si
s
wi
thin
4
3
and
4
7
m
in
ut
es
w
i
t
h
a
v
erag
e
t
e
mp
e
r
at
ures
a
n
d
r
e
lat
i
v
e
h
u
m
i
d
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
5
9
.58
o
C
a
nd
59.1
4
o
C
,
a
n
d
1
8
.81
%
a
n
d
1
8.
68%
,
r
e
spec
t
i
ve
ly.
The
a
v
er
age
dr
ying
rat
e
o
f
p
a
d
d
y
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
itho
u
t
A
P
H
w
ere
0.
18 kg
/
m
in an
d
0.
1
7 k
g
/mi
n
, re
s
pe
ct
i
v
el
y. The
a
ver
a
ge spe
c
i
fi
c
moi
st
ure
e
v
ap
ora
t
i
o
n r
a
te
(S
M
E
R)
f
or
F
BD
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
and
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
out
A
P
H
w
ere
0.
31
k
g
/
k
W
h
a
n
d
0.2
5
2
k
g
/
kWh,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
ive
l
y.
T
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
(
S
E
C
)
f
o
r
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
er
e
3.528
k
W
h
/
kg
and
4.
3
91
k
W
h/
k
g
,
r
e
spec
tiv
ely.
T
he
a
ver
a
ge
s
p
e
ci
fic
e
l
e
c
tric
a
l
e
ne
r
gy
con
s
um
p
tio
n
(
S
EEC)
for
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
e
r
e
1
.96
kWh
/
kg
a
nd
2
.
075
k
W
h
/
kg,
r
esp
ec
tive
l
y.
T
he
a
ve
ar
g
e
s
pe
ci
fic
t
h
ermal
en
er
gy
c
on
su
mp
ti
o
n
(
S
TEC
)
fo
r
F
B
D
wi
th
A
PH
a
n
d
F
B
D
wi
th
o
u
t
A
P
H
w
ere
1.
53
2
k
W
h/kg
a
n
d
2.31
6
k
W
h
/
kg,
r
e
s
p
e
ct
i
v
el
y.
T
he
a
vera
ge
t
herm
al
e
ffi
cie
n
c
i
e
s
f
or
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
H
a
n
d
F
B
D
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
w
e
r
e
20.
78
%
a
nd
16.
6
1
%,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y.
T
he
F
BD
w
i
t
h
A
P
H
i
s
be
tt
er
t
ha
n
FBD
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
PH
b
ec
ause
its
therm
a
l e
f
fic
i
e
n
cy i
s hi
g
h
er
than F
B
D
w
i
t
h
ou
t
A
P
H.
N
o
mencla
ture
bl
E
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
onsum
e
d
b
y
blower
(
W)
bmf
E
hea
t
e
n
e
rgy
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
bust
i
on
of
b
i
o
m
a
ss
f
u
e
l
(
W)
fg
H
la
t
e
n
h
e
a
t
o
f
va
poriz
a
tion
of
w
a
t
e
r
(
J/kg)
wb
M
m
o
istur
e
c
ont
e
n
t
w
e
t
ba
si
s
(
%
)
dpd
m
m
a
s
s
o
f
bone
d
ry
o
f
pa
ddy
(
kg)
wetpd
m
m
a
s
s
o
f
we
t
p
a
ddy
(
k
g
)
water
m
dryi
ng
r
a
te
(
kg/m
i
nute
s
)
water
m
m
a
s
s
o
f
wa
te
r e
v
a
por
a
t
e
d
(
kg)
SE
C
spec
ifi
c
e
n
e
rgy
c
o
nsum
pti
on
(
k
W
h
/kg)
S
TEC
spec
ifi
c
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
e
n
e
rgy
c
onsu
m
pt
ion
(
k
W
h
/kg
)
S
EEC
spec
ifi
c
e
l
e
ctric
a
l
e
n
e
rgy
c
onsu
m
pti
o
n
(kWh/
kg)
SME
R
spec
ifi
c
m
oi
stur
e
eva
por
a
tion
ra
te
(
kg/
kWh)
t
dryi
ng
tim
e
(
m
inute
s
)
th
η
t
h
er
ma
l
ef
f
i
ci
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
yi
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
%
)
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
a
u
th
ors
w
o
u
l
d
li
ke
t
o
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
M
i
ni
st
ry
o
f
Rese
arc
h
,
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
nd
H
i
gher
E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
of
t
he
R
e
p
ubl
i
c
o
f
Ind
o
n
e
si
a
f
o
r
it
s
re
sea
r
ch
f
u
ndi
ng
t
h
r
ou
gh
t
he
P
e
n
e
li
tia
n
T
e
rapa
n
U
n
g
g
u
l
a
n
P
e
rgurua
n
Ti
n
g
g
i
(P
TU
PT) Research
G
rant schem
e.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
M
.
Y
ah
ya,
A.
F
u
dho
li,
H
.
Ha
f
i
z
h
,
K
.
S
opian
,
“Com
p
a
ri
so
n
of
s
o
l
a
r
d
r
yer
and
so
lar-ass
is
ted
heat
pum
p
dry
e
r
f
o
r
cass
a
va,
”
S
o
l
ar E
nergy
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
6
06–
61
3,
2
0
16.
[2]
A.
F
u
d
h
o
l
i
,
M.
Y
.
Ot
h
m
an
,
M
.
H
.
R
usl
a
n,
K
.
S
o
pian
,
“Dry
ing
o
f
M
a
l
a
ysian
Caps
icum
a
nn
uu
m
L.
(red
chi
li)
d
ri
ed
by
o
p
e
n
an
d
s
o
l
a
r
dry
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
ernatio
nal
Jo
urn
a
l
of
P
hoto
e
nergy
, p
p
.
1
-9
, 2
01
3.
[3]
M
.
Yah
y
a,
H
.
F
a
h
m
i,
A
.
F
u
d
holi,
K
.
S
o
p
i
an
,
“
P
erf
o
rm
an
ce
an
d
econ
omic
a
n
a
lyse
s
on
s
ola
r-a
ssiste
d
he
a
t
p
ump
flu
i
dised
bed
d
r
yer in
teg
r
ated
with
bi
o
m
ass f
u
rn
ace f
o
r ri
ce dr
y
i
ng,
”
S
o
lar
E
n
erg
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
8-1
067
,
2
01
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
1555
– 1
563
1
562
[4]
S
.
A
ru
n,
S
.
S
h
a
n
kar
Bal
a
ji,
S
e
l
v
a
n,
“
E
xp
erim
ent
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
n
d
ryi
ng
character
i
s
t
i
cs
o
f
coco
nu
t
i
n
a
s
ol
ar
t
u
n
n
e
l
green
ho
use
dry
e
r
cou
p
l
e
d
w
i
t
h
b
i
o
m
a
s
s
b
ackup
h
eater,”
In
ter
n
a
tio
nal Jou
r
nal of
Inn
o
va
ti
ve
T
echn
o
l
ogy an
d
Exp
l
orin
g Engineeri
n
g
,
vol.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
56-6
0
,
2014.
[5]
M
.
Y
ahya,
“
D
esig
n an
d p
e
rf
orm
a
nce ev
alu
a
tio
n
of
a s
o
l
ar assiste
d heat
pu
m
p d
r
yer i
n
t
e
grated
w
ith
b
i
om
ass fu
rnace
f
o
r red ch
i
l
li,”
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal
Journa
l of Photo
e
ner
g
y
, pp
.
1-1
4
, 20
1
6.
[6]
M
.
Y
ahya,
A.
F
udh
ol
i,
K
.
So
p
i
a
n
,
“
E
nerg
y
an
d
exergy
a
nal
y
s
e
s
o
f
s
o
l
ar-assisted
fl
ui
di
zed
b
ed
d
ryi
ng
integrat
ed
with
b
i
o
m
a
ss
f
urn
ace,” Ren
e
w
a
bl
e En
erg
y
,
vol.1
0
5
, pp
.
2
2-2
9
,
20
17
.
[7]
Ham
d
an
i,
T
.A.
Ri
zal,
M.
Z
u
l
fri,
“
F
abri
catio
n
a
n
d
tes
t
i
n
g
of
hyb
rid
solar-bi
o
m
a
s
s
d
ryer
f
or
d
ry
i
n
g
f
i
sh,”
C
ase
S
t
u
d
i
e
s i
n
T
herm
al
E
ngin
eerin
g,
v
o
l
,
p
p
.
X
x
x
-
x
x
x,
2
01
8.
[8]
T.A.
Y
ass
e
n,
H
.H.
Al
-Kayi
e
m,
“
E
x
p
e
rim
e
n
t
al
i
nvest
ig
a
t
i
on
and
ev
alu
a
tio
n
of
hybri
d
s
ol
ar/t
hermal
d
ry
er
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
with
su
p
p
l
em
en
tary
r
eco
very
d
ry
er,
”
S
olar
E
nerg
y,
vol.
1
34,
pp.
2
84-2
9
3
,
2
016
.
[9]
I. Cey
lan,
M
. A
k
tas
,
“M
o
deli
ng
of
a hazel
nut
d
ry
e
r
ass
isted
hea
t
pump
by
u
sin
g
a
rt
ific
ia
l
ne
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
wo
rks,”
Ap
pl
ie
d
En
ergy,
pp.
1
-13,
2
0
0
8
.
[10]
A.
F
ad
hel
,
S
.
Ko
ol
i,
A
.
F
a
rhat
,
A.
B
el
ghith
,
“Experi
m
e
ntal
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
t
he
d
ry
i
ng
o
f
hot
r
ed
p
epp
e
r
in
t
he
o
pen
ai
r,
un
der
g
r
eenho
us
e
and
in
a
s
olar
d
rier,
”
Int
e
rnati
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
nal
o
f
Ren
e
wa
bl
e En
erg
y
an
d Biofuel
s
,
p
p
. 1-
1
4
, 2
01
4.
[11]
I.
C
ey
lan
,
M
.
Akt
a
s,
H
.
Do
gan
,
“
En
ergy
a
nd
e
x
e
rgy
anal
ysi
s
o
f
t
im
b
e
r
d
r
y
e
r
as
sisted
h
eat
p
um
p,”
Ap
plied
Th
erm
a
l
Eng
i
n
eering
,
v
o
l
. 27
, p
p.
2
16
-22
2
, 2
00
7.
[12]
A.
F
u
dholi,
K
.
So
pian
,
M
.
Y
.
Othm
an
,
M
.
H
.
R
us
lan,
“
E
n
erg
y
a
nd
e
xe
rg
y
a
n
a
l
yse
s
o
f
so
la
r
dry
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
o
f
re
d
seaweed
,” E
n
e
rg
y and
Bu
ild
ing
,
v
ol.
68
, p
p.
1
21
-
1
2
9
, 20
1
4
.
[13]
M
.
S.N.
S
arker,
M
.N
.
Ibrah
i
m
,
N
.
Ab.
A
z
iz,
M.
S.
P
u
n
an
,
“Ap
p
licat
ion
of
s
im
ul
a
t
i
on
in
d
eterm
i
nin
g
s
u
itab
l
e
op
eratin
g
param
e
t
e
rs
f
o
r
i
nd
ustrial
scal
e
fl
uidized
b
ed
d
ry
er
d
u
r
ing
d
r
ying
o
f
h
i
g
h
i
mp
ur
i
t
y
m
o
ist
p
a
dd
y,”
J
o
ur
na
l
of
S
t
or
ed
P
r
o
duc
t
s
Resea
r
ch
,
pp.
1
-9,
201
4.
[14]
M
.
N
.
I
brah
im
,
M
.
S
.
H
.
S
ark
e
r,
A
B.
A
ziz
N
,
M
.
S
all
e
h,
“
Drying
perf
orm
a
nce
and
o
v
eral
l
en
erg
y
r
e
q
ui
site
o
f
in
du
s
t
ri
a
l
i
ncline
d
b
ed
p
add
y
d
r
y
in
g
i
n
M
alay
sia,”
Jo
urn
a
l
of
E
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
Te
c
h
n
o
lo
gy
,
vo
l.
9
,
no
.
3,
pp
.
3
98-4
0
9
,
2
0
1
4.
[15]
J.
B
an
ou
t,
P
.
E
h
l,
J
.
Ha
vl
i
k
,
B.
L
o
j
k
a
,
Z
.
P
o
l
esn
y
,
V
.
Verner,
“
D
es
ig
n
an
d perf
orman
ce ev
alu
a
ti
on
o
f
a
Do
ub
le-pas
s
solar dr
ier
f
o
r dr
ying of red ch
i
l
l
i
(Cap
s
icu
m
a
nn
um
L
.)
,
”
So
l
a
r
En
erg
y
, v
ol
.
8
5
, n
o
.
3, pp
. 50
6
–
5
1
5
,
2
01
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
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2088-
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Pe
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B
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Dr.
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.
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resently
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orking
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s
a
P
r
of
ess
o
r
in
D
epartm
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ech
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ngi
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nstitu
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adang,
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ndonesia.
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e
rec
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ech
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ung
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atta,
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In
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198
9.
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e
recieved
M
.S
c
and
P
.
h
D
d
egrees
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t
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echan
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ineeri
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g
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r
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m
U
n
i
versiti
K
e
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ang
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aan
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alay
sia,
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n
19
96 and
2
0
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ecti
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l
y
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H
i
s
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esearch
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nt
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re
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enewab
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nerg
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th
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ma
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nergy
Res
earch
I
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n
i
versi
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Keban
g
s
aan
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alays
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a,
f
o
r
f
our
y
ears
(2
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1
1
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e
h
a
s
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ov
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r
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earch
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ap
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y
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w
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nvited
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ul pu
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o
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e
ndr
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w
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n
Fa
hm
i,
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.E
ng
r
ecei
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Eng
deg
r
ee
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echa
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i
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om
S
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olah
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i
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d
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i
n
200
0.
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e
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M
.
E
n
g
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e
gree
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i
cal
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eering
from
U
n
iv
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tas
G
a
d
j
ah
M
ada,
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o
g
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kart
a
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n
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o
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i
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in
200
4.
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e
has
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een
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er
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D
e
partm
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ani
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eering
,
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nst
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u
t
T
e
kno
lo
g
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P
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n
d
o
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ia
.
His
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r
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am
ic an
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a
f
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a
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i
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.
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g
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echan
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ek
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reci
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ad
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Dep
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n
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titu
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.
E
ng
r
eci
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.En
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degree in m
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eering f
r
om
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n
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v
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rsit
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un
g
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a
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Pa
da
ng
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In
do
ne
sia
,
1
n
19
90
.
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r
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c
i
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v
e
d
M
.
Eng
de
g
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m
e
c
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neeri
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m
I
nstit
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S
a
i
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dan
T
e
knol
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asi
o
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a
l,
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ak
arta,
Ind
o
n
e
sia,
i
n
20
12
.
H
e
h
as
b
een
a
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urer
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D
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partm
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o
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ani
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ng
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eering
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nst
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t
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t
T
e
kn
olo
g
i
P
a
d
a
ng
,
In
don
esi
a
.
H
i
s
res
earch
i
n
t
e
res
h
s are m
a
chi
n
ery
m
a
in
t
e
nan
ce and
equ
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p
m
en
t d
e
si
gn.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.