Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
4, N
o
. 3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2014
, pp
. 33
7
~
34
2
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
3
37
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Clos
ed L
oop Analysis of
Multilevel Inverter Fed Drives
V
.
S.
Bha
r
at
h*,
Go
p
i
na
th
Ma
n
i
**
* Res
ear
ch s
c
ho
l
a
r, Bh
ara
t
h Univ
ers
i
t
y
,
ch
ennai
,
I
ndia
** Professor, dr.n.g.p
. Institute o
f
te
chnolog
y
,
Co
imbatore, tamiln
adu, Ind
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Feb 18, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Ap
r 3, 20
14
Accepted Apr 19, 2014
This paper
de
al
s with the sim
u
lation
and
im
plem
enta
tion of
m
u
ltilev
e
l
invert
er for drives applic
ation
.
Here the focuse
s will be onimproving th
e
effic
i
enc
y
of th
e
m
u
ltileve
l inver
t
er and qua
lit
y o
f
output voltag
e
waveform
.
The circu
it is d
e
veloped
towards high
eff
i
ci
enc
y
,
high perform
an
ce,
and low
cost, sim
p
le
co
ntrol sch
e
m
e
. H
a
rm
onics El
im
ination
was im
plem
ented
t
o
reduce th
e Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD) value which is achiev
ed b
y
selecting
appro
p
riate switch
i
ng
angles
. In
thi
s
paper
to d
e
t
e
rm
ine th
e
performance o
f
rectifier, stead
y
state
an
aly
s
is is done. Furthermore, th
e
m
e
rits of m
u
ltil
evel
invert
er to
polog
y
are
inhe
rited
.
Closed loo
p
control
is
done to
an
aly
s
is
the st
ability
o
f
th
e s
y
s
t
em.
Keyword:
Mu
ltilev
e
l Inverter
swi
t
c
hi
n
g
a
n
gl
es
Tot
a
l
ha
rm
oni
c di
st
o
r
t
i
o
n
Selective Ha
rm
onics
Eli
m
in
atio
n
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
V.S
.
Bha
r
ath
Research Sc
holar
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,,
Bh
arath Un
iv
ersity, Ch
en
n
a
i-7
2
.
Em
a
il: b
h
a
rathp
g20
02@g
m
ai
l.co
m
1
.
IN
TR
OD
UC
TI
ON
No
wa
day
s
rese
arche
r
s al
l
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
wo
rl
d
spe
ndi
ng
t
h
eir
g
r
eat effo
rts to
im
prove the
perform
ance of
m
u
l
tilev
e
l in
verters system
b
y
con
t
ro
l simp
lificatio
n
and op
ti
m
i
zed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
order to
d
e
crease To
tal
Harm
oni
c Di
st
ort
i
o
n (T
H
D
) a
nd t
o
r
que
ri
p
p
l
e
of t
h
e m
o
t
o
r.
To
d
a
y in
all in
du
stries
Variab
le sp
eed
driv
es are
m
o
st co
mm
on
ly used. AC
drives s
u
ch as Induc
tion Mo
to
rs (IM) an
d
recen
tly Perm
an
en
t Mag
n
e
t
Sy
nch
r
on
o
u
s
M
o
t
o
rs
(
P
M
S
M
)
are
o
ffe
re
d.
The
wi
del
y
us
ed
a
p
plications
are
pum
p
s, fa
ns, elevators, e
l
ectrical
v
e
h
i
cles, h
eati
n
g, v
e
n
tilatio
n
an
d
aircond
ition
i
ng
, robo
tics, wind
g
e
n
e
ration
system
s,
sh
ip
p
r
o
p
u
l
sion
,
etc.
In
t
h
e p
r
ese
n
t
i
n
d
u
st
ri
al
w
o
rl
d t
h
ere i
s
a
ve
ry
great
nee
d
t
o
c
ont
rol
t
h
e
sp
ee
d
of t
h
e d
r
i
v
es
fo
r
bet
t
e
r
pr
o
duct
i
o
n
an
d
qu
ality o
u
tp
u
t
wh
ere ro
t
a
tin
g
m
ach
in
es are u
s
ed.
Nowad
a
ys
PMSM g
i
v
e
s
v
e
ry
fast an
d
accurate sp
eed
respon
se, i
n
sen
s
itiv
ity to
p
a
ram
e
ter v
a
riatio
n
s
with
qu
ick
recov
e
ry
o
f
sp
eed
fro
m
t
h
e
d
i
stu
r
b
a
n
c
e.Th
e
Inv
e
rter
o
u
t
p
u
t
wav
e
fo
rm
s are u
s
u
a
lly rectilin
ear i
n
n
a
ture wh
ich
con
t
ain h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs, it may lead
to
red
u
c
ed
load efficiency
and pe
rform
a
nce. In
m
a
n
y
i
n
du
strial app
licatio
n
s
it is v
e
ry essien
tial to
co
n
t
ro
l th
e ou
tpu
t
vol
t
a
ge
of i
n
v
e
rt
ers.T
h
e
r
e ar
e
m
a
i
n
l
y
t
h
ree
t
y
pes of m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nvert
er
s
;
t
h
ey
are 01)
di
o
d
e- cl
am
ped, 0
2
)
flyin
g
cap
acito
r and
0
3
) cascad
e m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter
(C
MLI). Ou
t of wh
ich
CM
LI
h
a
s wid
e
rang
e o
f
ap
p
lication
.
[1]-
[
2
].
I
n
[
3
]-[4
],
iter
a
tiv
e nu
m
e
r
i
cal an
alysis h
a
v
e
b
e
en
im
p
l
e
m
en
te
d
to
so
lv
e the SH
E
eq
u
a
tion
s
. By
u
s
ing
th
e propo
sed
to
po
log
y
th
e n
u
m
b
e
r of
switch
e
s will red
u
c
ed
and
h
e
n
ce th
e efficien
cy will
im
pro
v
e as i
n
[5]
.
In
hi
g
h
po
we
r ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons
, t
h
e
harm
oni
c c
ont
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
out
put
w
a
vef
o
rm
s has
t
o
be
red
u
ce
d as
m
u
ch as p
o
ssi
bl
e i
nor
der t
o
a
voi
d di
st
o
r
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e gri
d
a
nd t
o
reac
h t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
ener
g
y
effi
ci
ency
[6]
.
The
p
h
ase s
h
i
f
t
e
d t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
best
sui
t
a
bl
e
f
o
r
C
M
LI a
n
d i
t
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
pape
r
f
o
r
ge
ner
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
tri
g
g
e
ring
pu
lses to
CMLI [7
]-[9
]
. M
u
ltilev
e
l sin
u
s
o
i
d
a
l PW
M can
b
e
classified
as in
[1
0
]
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
fiv
e
lev
e
l d
i
o
d
e cla
m
p
e
d
m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rters fed
d
r
iv
e is
used
an
d a closed
loop
Con
t
rol syste
m
is d
e
sig
n
e
d
u
s
ing
PI con
t
ro
ller in ord
e
r to
m
a
in
tain
lo
ad vo
ltag
e
co
n
s
tan
t
d
u
ring un
d
e
r
vo
ltage and
Ov
er
vo
ltag
e
co
nd
itio
ns.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
014
:
33
7 – 342
33
8
2
.
MULTILEVEL INVE
RTER
Accord
ing
to
research
, t
h
e first
m
u
ltilev
e
l
in
v
e
rt
er wasdesig
n
e
d
in
t
h
e year 1
975
and
it was a
cascade inve
rter with
diodes
bloc
king
th
e so
urce
o
f
th
e ci
rcu
it. Th
is inverter was later d
e
ri
v
e
d
i
n
to
theDiode
Cla
m
p
e
d
Mu
ltilev
e
l I
n
v
e
r
t
er, also
called
N
e
u
t
r
a
l-
Po
in
tC
la
m
p
ed
In
v
e
r
t
er
. In
t
h
e NPCMLI
to
po
logy th
e
vol
t
a
ge
cl
am
ping
di
ode
s i
s
us
ed
whi
c
h i
s
a
n
essent
i
a
l
o
n
e.
The m
a
in aim
of the m
odulat
ion strate
gy of
m
u
ltileve
l
inverters is to synthe
size the output voltage
as cl
ose asp
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
t
h
e si
nus
oi
dal
based
wave
fo
rm
. In researc
h
w
o
r
k
l
o
t
of m
odu
l
a
t
i
on t
echni
qu
es ar
e
i
n
t
e
rd
uce
d
fo
r
harm
oni
c
red
u
c
t
i
on a
n
d s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
l
o
ss m
i
nim
i
zati
on.
Thi
s
m
odul
at
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
w
h
i
c
h i
s
us
e
d
in
m
u
ltilev
e
l i
n
v
e
rters can be classified
acco
rd
ing
t
o
switch
i
n
g
frequ
e
ncy o
f
th
e system
. Th
e m
e
th
od
s t
h
at
wo
rk
wi
t
h
hi
g
h
swi
t
c
hi
ng
fre
que
ncy
ha
ve m
o
re c
o
m
m
ut
ati
ons
f
o
r t
h
e
po
wer sem
i
cond
u
c
t
o
rs i
n
on
e pe
ri
o
d
o
f
t
h
e f
u
n
d
am
ent
a
l
out
put
vol
t
a
ge o
f
i
n
ve
rt
er.
A
very
po
p
u
l
a
r m
e
t
hod i
n
i
n
d
u
st
ri
al
a
ppl
i
cat
i
ons i
s
t
h
e
cl
assi
c
carri
er
-ba
s
ed
s
i
nus
oi
dal
P
W
M
(SP
W
M
)
t
h
at
uses t
h
e
pha
se-shi
ft
i
n
g
t
echni
que
t
o
re
du
ce t
h
e
harm
oni
cs i
n
t
h
e
lo
ad
vo
ltag
e
.
Ano
t
h
e
r in
terestin
g
altern
ative is th
e SVM
strateg
y
wh
ich is u
s
ed
in
th
ree-lev
e
l in
v
e
rt
ers. A
com
m
on DC
-b
us i
s
di
vi
de
d
by
an e
v
e
n
va
l
u
e, de
pe
n
d
i
n
g
on t
h
e
num
ber o
f
v
o
l
t
a
ge
evel
s i
n
t
h
e i
n
vert
e
r
circu
it,
o
f
bu
lk cap
acitors in series with a
n
e
u
t
ral
p
o
i
n
t
in
t
h
e m
i
d
d
l
e of the lin
e. Th
e
d
i
od
e-clam
p
e
d
mu
lilev
e
l
in
v
e
rter u
s
es cap
acito
rs in
series to
d
i
v
i
d
e
eq
u
a
lly th
e d
c
bu
s vo
ltag
e
in
to an
equ
a
l set o
f
v
o
ltag
e
lev
e
ls o
f
th
e
sy
st
em
. To gen
e
rat
e
m
l
e
vel
s
oft
h
e p
h
ase
vo
l
t
a
ge, an m
-
l
e
vel
di
ode
-cl
a
m
p
i
nvert
e
r
nee
d
s
m
-
1l
evel
capa
c
i
t
o
rs
o
n
t
h
e
d
c
bu
s syste
m
. A Mu
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter i
s
sho
w
n
in Figu
re 1
.
Th
e d
c
bu
s
co
n
s
ists o
f
fo
ur
cap
acito
rs. Th
ey
are l
i
s
t
e
d a
s
C
1
, C
2
,
C
3
, a
n
d
C
4
.
F
o
r
a
dc
bus
vol
t
a
ge
Vdc, the
voltage
across e
ach
cap
acito
r is
Vdc/4
,
and
each
de
vice voltage stress
wil
l
be lim
ited to
one
ca
pac
itor
voltage
level,
Vdc/
4, t
h
rough clam
ping di
odes. In
t
h
e i
nve
rt
er sy
st
em
DC
M
I
out
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge s
y
nt
hesi
s i
s
rel
a
t
i
v
el
y
consi
d
e
r
as st
rai
g
ht
fo
rwa
r
d
.
I
n
ge
ne
ral
t
o
expl
ai
n
h
o
w
t
h
e st
ai
rcase
vol
t
a
ge i
s
sy
nt
he
si
zed,
poi
nt
O
i
s
consi
d
ere
d
as t
h
e o
u
t
p
ut
pha
se v
o
l
t
a
ge,
t
h
i
s
i
s
co
nsid
ered
as th
e referen
ce
p
o
i
n
t
. Th
e m
u
ltilev
e
l
in
v
e
rter is sh
own
in Fig
u
r
e
1
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
fiv
e
switch
com
b
i
n
at
i
ons t
o
ge
nerat
e
fi
ve
l
e
vel
vol
t
a
ge
s
acros
s A a
nd
O. Ta
bl
e 1 s
h
o
w
s t
h
at
t
h
e
ph
ase vol
t
a
ge l
e
v
e
l
and
t
h
ei
r c
o
r
r
esp
o
ndi
ng
swi
t
c
h
st
at
es. Fr
om
Tabl
e
1, st
at
e
1
represe
n
ts
that the s
w
itch is
on and s
t
ate 0
rep
r
ese
n
t
s
t
h
e s
w
i
t
c
h i
s
of
f.
T
h
ere
f
o
r
e i
n
eac
h
phase
a set
of
f
o
u
r
a
d
j
ace
nt
swi
t
c
hes
i
s
o
n
at
a
n
y
gi
ven
t
i
m
e
.
Thefour c
o
m
p
lim
e
ntaryswitch pai
r
s e
x
ist in each
phas
e
, t
h
ey are listed
as Sa1 t
o
Sa
’1, Sa2 to Sa
’2,
Sa3 to
Sa’3and
finally Sa4 to
Sa’ 4.
Fig
u
re
1
.
Mu
ltilev
e
l In
v
e
rter
Tabl
e 1. Swi
t
c
hi
n
g
st
a
g
e
O/P
Vo
Switch State
S
a1
S
a2
S
a3
S
a4
S
a’
1
S
a’
2
S
a’
3
S
a’
4
V
5
=V
dc
1
1 1
1 0
0
0
0
V
4
=3V
dc
/4
0
1 1
1 1
0
0
0
V
3
=V
dc
/2
0
0 1
1 1
1
0
0
V
2
=V
dc
/4
0
0 0
1 1
1
1
0
V
1
=0
0
0 0
0 1
1
1
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
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S
SN
:
208
8-8
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9
4
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n A
n
al
ysi
s
of
Ac/
D
c
Ad
a
p
t
e
r U
n
de
r Zer
o
N
o
-L
o
a
d
P
o
w
e
r C
o
n
s
um
pt
i
o
n…
(
D
o
n
a
M
a
ri
a
Mat
h
ew)
33
9
Sel
ect
i
v
e Ha
r
m
oni
c El
im
i
n
at
i
on (
S
H
E
) t
e
c
hni
que
f
o
r
o
n
e
p
h
ase i
n
ve
rt
er
s i
s
o
n
e
of
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
ons
f
o
r
in
v
e
rters to
red
u
ce so
m
e
h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs an
d
set th
e cu
t frequen
c
y o
f
a lo
w- p
a
ss filter with
a h
i
gh
er v
a
l
u
e to
reduce the
size of i
n
ducta
n
c
e
s and capa
c
itances
of t
h
e
fi
l
t
e
r. Eve
n
s
o
m
e
harm
oni
cs c
a
n be
el
im
i
n
ated, t
h
e
to
tal h
a
rm
o
n
i
c d
i
sto
r
tion
could
in
crease. M
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rt
ers p
r
ov
id
e a less THD th
an
o
t
h
e
r in
v
e
rters an
d
it
can
im
p
r
o
v
e with
m
o
re lev
e
ls add
e
d. On
e
o
f
th
e draw
bac
k
s i
s
t
h
e cal
cul
a
t
i
on
of t
h
e s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
an
gl
es s
i
nc
e
the
m
o
re levels are neede
d
,
m
o
re angles
must be cal
cu
lated
and
m
o
re time is
sp
en
t in
calcu
latio
n
.
The RMS
v
o
ltag
e
fo
r (2p+1
)
lev
e
ls is,
,
∑
2
1
(
1
)
Whe
r
e
p
i
s
t
h
e
num
ber
of
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
a
ngl
es
i
n
hal
f
cy
cl
e.
The
Fourie
r c
o
efficients a
r
e:
∑
(2)
∑
cos
,,
(3)
O
n
e of
th
e m
o
st u
s
ed
techn
i
qu
es
f
o
r
f
i
nd
ing th
e sw
itc
hing
angles
is to
use
the Fourier coefficients t
o
eliminate some ha
rm
onics.
The
num
b
er
of h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs to
b
e
elim
in
ated
is equ
a
l to th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
switch
i
ng
angl
es
t
o
be ca
l
c
ul
at
ed m
i
nus
one
,
wi
t
h
t
h
i
s
t
echni
que
.
3. SIM
U
L
A
TI
ON A
NAL
YS
IS
OF MULT
ILEVEL INVERTER
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r, Fig
u
re 2
sh
ows t
h
e sim
u
latio
n
o
f
n
e
w cascad
e
d
fiv
e
lev
e
l H
b
r
i
d
g
e
m
u
ltile
v
e
l in
v
e
rter.
Th
e
p
r
o
p
er switch
i
n
g
con
t
ro
l
o
f
t
h
e aux
iliary switch
can
gen
e
rate
h
a
lf lev
e
l of d
c
supp
ly v
o
ltag
e
wh
ich
h
a
s
fi
ve o
u
t
p
ut
vo
l
t
a
ge l
e
vel
s
. The l
e
vel
s
are V
,
V/
2, 0
,
-V/
2
, -V. F
o
r g
e
t
t
i
ng t
h
e bet
t
e
r
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
, t
h
e
swi
t
c
hes
need
t
o
be t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
. T
h
e s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng c
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
ns are
sh
o
w
n i
n
Ta
bl
e 1.
Th
e out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge an
d
current
wa
veform
s are shown in Fi
gure
3.
It
m
easures
20
0v
o
lt an
d 01
amp
cu
rr
en
t. Th
e
Sch
e
m
a
tic is s
h
own
bel
o
w.
Fig
u
re
2
.
Sim
u
latio
n
of M
u
ltilev
e
l Inv
e
rter
Fi
gu
re
3.
It
s s
h
ows
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
an
d c
u
r
r
ent
wave
f
o
rm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
014
:
33
7 – 342
34
0
Th
e sim
u
lated
resu
lt for ph
ase v
o
ltag
e
and
its THD sp
ect
ru
m
is sh
o
w
n
in
Figu
re 4. The si
m
u
lated
values
of T
HD are i
n
close a
g
reem
ent
h
e
n
ce
v
a
lid
ating
results. It is to b
e
no
ted
t
h
at th
e mo
du
latio
n ind
e
x
for
C
M
LIs
have
b
een c
h
osen
ra
n
dom
l
y
. The T
H
D
i
n
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
ltag
e
in
crease with in
crea
se in
nu
m
b
er of
lev
e
ls.
Nex
t
sim
u
latio
n
an
alysis o
f
clo
s
ed
loop
PI
co
n
t
ro
l of
m
u
l
tilev
e
l in
v
e
rter fed
driv
e
h
a
s d
o
n
e
. Math
ematical
m
odel
of PM
S
M
i
s
sim
u
l
a
t
e
d dri
v
e m
odel
.
The cl
osed
l
o
o
p
P
I
c
ont
rol
l
e
r
i
s
d
one
usi
n
g
fi
el
d o
r
i
e
nt
e
d
c
ont
rol
to
con
t
ro
l th
e
sp
eed
& torque o
f
t
h
e drive.The torque s
p
eed
cha
r
acteris
tics of the
dri
v
e strongly correlates
wi
t
h
t
h
e em
pl
oy
ed m
odul
at
i
on st
rat
e
gi
es.
T
he e
n
t
i
r
e w
o
r
k
i
s
si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d usi
ng M
A
TL
AB
/
S
IM
U
L
I
N
K
so
ft
ware. Th
e
clo
s
ed
l
o
op
PI co
n
t
ro
l of m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rt
er fed
driv
e is sh
own
in
Fi
g
u
re 5
.
Gen
e
rally th
e PI
cont
rol
l
e
rs a
r
e
use
d
wi
del
y
i
n
m
o
t
i
on co
nt
r
o
l
o
f
sy
st
em
s.
It con
s
ist o
f
a
p
r
op
ortio
n
a
l
gain
th
at produces an
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
i
rectly p
r
opo
rtion
a
l to
th
e in
pu
t erro
r and
an
in
tegratio
n
to
m
a
k
e
th
estead
y
state error zero for a step
change i
n
the i
n
put.
Fi
gu
re
4.
TH
D
val
u
e
o
f
p
h
ase
v
o
l
t
g
age
Fig
u
re
5
.
Clo
s
ed
loop
an
alysis of m
u
ltilev
e
l In
v
e
rter
Fi
gu
re
6.
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
wa
v
e
fo
rm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n A
n
al
ysi
s
of
Ac/
D
c
Ad
a
p
t
e
r U
n
de
r Zer
o
N
o
-L
o
a
d
P
o
w
e
r C
o
n
s
um
pt
i
o
n…
(
D
o
n
a
M
a
ri
a
Mat
h
ew)
34
1
Fi
gu
re
7.
O
u
t
p
ut
S
p
eed
, T
o
r
q
ue a
n
d
C
u
rre
nt
wa
vef
o
rm
The o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge of t
h
e cl
o
s
ed l
o
op sy
st
e
m
i
s
shown i
n
Fi
gu
re 6
whi
c
h reac
hes t
h
e s
e
t
val
u
e, t
h
e
cor
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g spee
d, t
o
r
q
ue and c
u
r
r
ent
wa
v
e
fo
rm
of t
h
e dr
i
v
e sy
st
em
i
s
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7. Fr
om
t
h
e abo
v
e
resu
lts it im
p
l
i
e
s th
at th
e sp
eed
torqu
e
ch
aracteristics o
f
dr
iv
e ar
e h
a
v
i
ng v
e
r
y
go
od
tr
an
sien
t an
d stead
y state
characte
r
istics. A spee
d c
ont
roller has
bee
n
success
f
ully de
signe
d for a drive system
, so that the m
o
tor runs at
the re
fere
nce s
p
eed. In t
h
e a
b
ove sim
u
lation the m
easur
e
m
ent
of c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
and
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s i
n
eac
h pa
rt
of t
h
e
sy
st
em
i
s
possi
bl
e, t
h
us
pe
rm
it
t
i
ng t
h
e
cal
cul
a
t
i
on
of insta
n
taneous
o
r ave
r
a
g
e losses, and
efficiency.
4. CO
N
C
L
U
S
I
ON
Th
is
work h
a
s
co
v
e
red
th
e
sim
u
la
tio
n
of mu
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter and
cl
o
s
ed
lo
op
m
u
ltilev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
fed
dri
v
es
usi
n
g
M
A
TLAB
/
S
I
M
U
LI
NK
s
o
ft
ware
. C
l
ose
d
l
o
o
p
m
odel
s
are
devel
o
pe
d a
n
d
t
h
ey
a
r
e u
s
ed
success
f
ully for sim
u
lation. The sim
u
lation st
udies i
n
di
cate that a sim
p
le way to
get the de
sire
d output
v
o
ltag
e
with
min
i
m
u
m THD. Th
e sim
u
latio
n
resu
lts are
in
lin
e with
th
e p
r
ed
ictions. Th
e clo
s
ed
lo
op
PI
cont
rol
l
e
rs c
o
n
t
rol
t
h
e s
p
ee
d
& t
o
r
q
ue
of t
h
e dri
v
e
whi
c
h
is seen
fro
m
th
e resu
lt. Fro
m
th
e resu
lts, th
e au
thor
can conclude that the spee
d torque
chara
c
t
e
ri
st
i
c
s of d
r
i
v
e
are havi
ng
ve
ry good transi
ent and stea
dy state
ch
aracteristics. Th
e h
a
rdware
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
fu
ture.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Fang Zheng Pen
g
, Jih-Sheng
Lai, et al.
A M
u
l
til
evel Vol
t
ag
e-S
ource Inv
e
rte
r
wit
h
S
e
para
te DC
S
ources
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t
a
t
i
c
Var Generation
ǁ
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IEEE Trans. on
Industry Applica
tions
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[2]
Jih-Sheng Lai,
Fang Zheng
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e
l
Converters-A N
e
w Breed
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wer Converter
s
ǁ
.
IEEE Trans. on
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tions
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[3]
FZ Peng, JW
McKeever
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am
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e
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e
l
Inver
t
ers for Ut
ili
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onics Confer
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[4]
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ert, FZ
Peng, TG
Habetler. Multi
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e
l
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e electric driv
es
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[5]
Yan Deng, Hong
y
a
n Wang
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Zhang, Lei Hu,
Xiangning
He.
Multilevel
PWM Methods Based On Control
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Freedom Combinati
on And Its Theoretical Analysis
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ctif
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Erdm
an, R Kerkm
a
n, D S
c
hlegel, G S
k
ibins
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i
.
Effe
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EEE Trans. Ind.
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J von zur
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ard. Modern Computer
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.
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[9]
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ar S
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ontrol Strategies
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l
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urnal of
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I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
014
:
33
7 – 342
34
2
BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
V.S.Bharath
,
has obtained his B.
E degree from
Madras University
, Chennai. He obtain
e
d his M.E
degree from
Annam
a
lla
i Univer
sit
y
, Chidam
bra
m
. He
is
pres
entl
y
ares
e
a
rch s
c
holar of Bharat
h
Univers
i
t
y
,
Che
nnai.
His
ar
ea
o
f
int
e
res
t
is
Inv
e
rter
fed
AC dri
v
es
. He
has
a
v
a
s
t
exp
e
rien
ce
i
n
tea
c
hing.
At p
r
es
ent h
e
is
workin
g as
As
s
o
cia
t
e pr
ofes
s
o
r in
an eng
i
neer
ing co
ll
ege
Bengalur
e
.
Gopinath Mani
has obtain
e
d his
B.
E d
e
gre
e
fro
m
Bharathi
ar Univers
i
t
y
,
Coim
batore
in th
e
ye
ar
2002. He obtain
e
d his M-Tech
degree from
Vel
l
ore In
stitu
te of
Techno
log
y
; Vellore in
the
y
e
ar
2004.He obtain
e
d is Doctorate from Bharath Un
iversity
,
Chennai. He is working as a
P
r
ofessor/EEE,
at Dr.N.G
.P
Institut
e
of
Techno
log
y
, Coim
bator
e
, Ind
i
a.
His Area of
inter
e
st is
P
o
wer Electron
i
cs
. He is
profes
sional m
e
m
b
er of
IEEE, ISTE, IETE, IAE
NG,
and IACSIT.
He ha
s
received
best p
e
r
f
ormer award
in
the
y
e
ar
2010.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.