In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
1, Mar
ch 20
19,
p
p.
374~
3
8
0
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
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ped
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.
i
1.pp
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38
0
374
Jou
rn
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l
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o
me
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tp:
//i
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score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
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e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Performance evalu
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tion of S
E
PIC, Luo and ZETA converter
N
i
r
a
n
j
an
a S
i
d
d
h
arth
an,
Bask
a
r
an
Ba
l
asu
b
r
a
man
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t
o
f Electri
cal an
d
Elect
roni
cs E
ngin
eering
,
A
nn
a
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al
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i
U
ni
versity,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Feb 6,
2018
Re
vise
d O
c
t
2
1
,
2018
A
c
c
e
pte
d
N
ov 4,
201
8
DC-D
C
con
v
erters
a
re
d
ev
ic
es
w
h
i
ch
c
onv
ert
d
i
rect
c
urrent
(
DC)
from
one
v
o
lta
g
e
le
ve
l
to
a
no
the
r
b
y
c
h
a
n
ging
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
of
t
he
m
a
i
n
s
witches
in
th
e
ci
rcuits.
T
h
es
e
co
nv
erters
a
re
w
id
ely
u
s
e
d
i
n
swit
c
hed
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o
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pp
li
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ly
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ou
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g
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egard
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ess
of
di
st
urb
a
n
ces
o
n
t
h
e
in
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
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t
his
work
,
th
e
perf
o
r
ma
n
c
e
of
t
h
r
ee
diff
erent
c
o
nv
er
ters
s
uch
as
S
ing
l
e-En
ded
P
r
im
ary-In
du
ctance
C
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
(SEPIC)
,
L
u
o
c
on
ve
rte
r
a
nd
Z
ETA
c
o
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e
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ha
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na
ly
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urthe
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ram
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ch
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s
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p
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ency
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ree
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eren
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c
o
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erters
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ere
com
p
ared
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it
h
e
a
c
h
othe
r.
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so,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n
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rk
h
as
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n
carri
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t
u
s
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ng
M
ATLAB/SIM
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L
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softwa
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t
h
e
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o
m
pa
rison
of
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
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re
su
lt
s,
i
t
is
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
t
h
a
t
th
e
ZETA
c
on
verter
h
as
h
ig
h
sig
n
if
ican
ce
th
a
n
t
he SE
P
IC
a
nd
Luo
co
n
vert
er.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Luo
Rip
p
l
e
vol
tage
SEPIC
Swi
t
c
hi
ng
lo
s
se
s
Vo
lt
ag
e
t
r
an
sf
er g
a
i
n
ZETA
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Ni
ra
n
j
an
a Si
ddh
arth
a
n
,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Eng
in
e
e
ring
,
A
nnam
a
la
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U
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ive
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si
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y
,
A
nnam
a
la
in
ag
a
r
608
00
2,
Tam
il N
a
du,
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n
d
i
a
.
Em
ail:
j
a
na
hs
i
d
d
h
u
@
g
m
a
i
l
.c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
I
n
r
ece
nt
y
e
a
rs,
pe
rsona
l
com
p
u
t
er
s
p
l
a
y
v
i
t
a
l
r
o
l
e
in
h
um
an
d
a
y
t
o
d
a
y
a
ctiv
it
ies
suc
h
a
s
e
duca
t
i
on,
bus
ine
s
s
e
t
c
[1
].
D
C-
D
C
c
on
verter
s
c
a
n
be
u
se
d
a
s
pow
er
s
up
p
l
i
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
con
v
ert
A
C
s
up
ply
to
a
ny
n
u
m
b
er
of
s
u
ita
b
l
e
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
ges
t
o
pow
er
c
om
p
u
t
e
r
p
e
r
ip
h
e
ra
l
s
[
1].
A
l
so
,
D
C
-
D
C
co
nver
t
e
r
s
ar
e
w
i
del
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
in
dus
trial
a
p
p
l
ic
ati
ons,
veh
i
c
l
e
auxi
l
i
ary
p
o
w
e
r
suppl
ies,
E
lec
tr
ic
veh
ic
le
s
etc
[2]–[
6
].
S
E
PI
C
con
v
e
r
t
e
rs
a
r
e
w
idel
y
use
d
i
n
in
d
u
s
t
rial
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
ons
due
t
o
i
t
s
be
t
t
e
r
pe
rfor
ma
nce
c
o
mpa
r
ed
to
o
the
r
c
o
n
ve
nti
ona
l
s
t
ep
u
p
or
s
tep
d
o
w
n
c
onve
rter
s
[7].
T
he
vo
lt
ag
e
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
t
ra
n
s
f
e
r
e
f
f
i
ci
en
c
y
o
f
the
S
E
P
I
C
co
nver
t
e
r
i
s
lim
ite
d
by
i
t
s
v
o
lta
ge
t
r
a
nsfe
r
fu
nct
i
o
n
.
N
a
rasim
h
a
and
A
l
a
m
uru
[8]
have
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
h
i
g
h
gai
n
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
el
d
ua
l
loa
d
S
EP
IC
c
on
ver
t
e
r
f
or
i
ncre
me
nta
l
c
o
n
d
uc
ta
nc
e
MP
P
T
.
F
u
r
t
he
r,
t
he
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
conc
l
ude
d
t
h
at
t
he
p
ro
p
o
se
d
con
v
er
te
r
exhi
b
i
ts
h
i
g
her
e
f
fici
e
n
c
y
w
h
e
n
c
ompa
red
to
t
h
e
con
v
e
n
t
i
ona
l c
onve
rters.
Lu
o
co
nv
er
t
e
rs
p
erfor
m
s
D
C
-
D
C
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
e
p
u
p
c
o
n
v
er
si
on
w
i
t
h
l
o
w
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
g
e
ri
ppl
e,
h
i
gh
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
l
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
[
9
]
.
A
l
s
o,
t
he
L
uo
c
o
nver
t
e
r
h
as
v
ery
hi
gh
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
trans
f
e
r
g
ai
n
a
nd
is
w
el
l
sui
t
ed
f
or
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
ions
s
uc
h
a
s
i
n
dus
tria
l,
h
ig
h
out
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
p
rojec
t
s
etc
.
L
u
o
[
10]
has
de
si
g
n
ed
a
nd
de
ve
lo
ped
a
L
u
o
c
o
nv
e
r
ter.
F
urthe
r
,
the
au
t
hor
h
a
s
d
em
ons
trate
d
t
ha
t
th
e
de
ve
lo
pe
d
con
v
er
t
e
rs
c
an
p
er
form
pos
i
t
i
v
e
to
p
osit
i
v
e
DC-DC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
incr
e
as
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
r
si
on
w
ith
h
i
gh
p
o
w
e
r
dens
it
y,
hi
gh
effici
enc
y
a
nd c
h
ea
p
t
o
pol
o
gy w
ith s
im
pl
e
s
t
ruct
ure
.
Zet
a
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
lo
gy
i
s
simi
l
a
r
t
o
t
h
a
t
of
a
b
u
c
k
-
bo
ost
c
o
nv
e
r
ter
w
h
i
c
h
pro
v
i
des
n
on-
in
vert
e
d
o
u
t
p
ut
.
F
u
rt
h
e
r,
t
h
e
z
et
a
c
onve
rt
er
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
reg
u
l
a
t
e
a
n
un
re
gu
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
p
u
t
-
po
wer
su
ppl
y
a
n
d
h
a
s
se
v
e
ra
l
adva
n
t
a
g
e
s
s
uc
h as l
ow
ou
t
p
u
t curr
en
t
ri
pp
le
,
low
inp
u
t
c
ur
re
nt
dist
o
rt
io
n, w
ide ou
t
p
u
t
-p
ow
er ra
nge
e
t
c
. Bae
k
et a
l
.
[
1
1
]
ha
v
e
p
rop
o
se
d
A
s
ym
me
t
r
i
c
al
H
a
l
f-
Br
idge
Z
e
t
a
(
A
H
B
Z)
c
onve
r
ter
for
LED
a
pplications.
Further
,
the
a
u
thor
s
ha
v
e
c
onc
l
ude
d
th
a
t
t
he prop
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
erter
s
h
a
s
h
ig
h
ef
fic
i
e
n
c
y
o
ver
a
w
i
de ou
t
pu
t vol
tage
r
a
nge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rfo
r
man
c
e
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
of
SEPIC, l
u
o
and
Z
E
TA
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r (Ni
r
anj
ana
S
i
d
dha
rt
han
)
37
5
w
h
en
c
ompa
re
d
to
t
he
c
o
nve
nt
iona
l
c
o
nv
ert
e
r
s
.
V
a
shist
an
d
Bh
i
m
[1
2]
h
ave
de
s
i
g
n
e
d
a
nd
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
p
o
w
er
f
a
c
t
o
r
c
o
r
re
ct
io
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
mod
i
fi
e
d
z
et
a
c
onve
rt
er
f
ed
b
ru
shl
e
ss
D
C
(
B
L
D
C)
m
o
t
or
d
r
i
ve
.
F
u
rther,
t
he
a
ut
h
o
rs
have
d
e
m
on
str
a
te
d
tha
t
t
he
m
o
d
i
f
ie
d
z
e
ta
c
o
nve
r
t
er
oper
a
t
i
ng
in
d
i
s
c
o
nti
n
uo
us
i
n
duc
t
o
r
cur
r
ent
m
ode
a
cts
as
an
i
nhe
ren
t
p
o
w
er
f
a
c
tor
pre-r
e
gu
lat
o
r.
A
lso
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
hor
s
h
a
ve
c
o
nc
lu
de
d
tha
t
the
p
ow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
i
n
d
i
ce
s
of
t
he
pro
pose
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
re un
d
er t
he
re
c
om
me
nded
lim
its of i
n
terna
t
i
o
nal
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
s
ta
nda
r
d
I
EC 6
10
00-
3
-
2.
The
ob
jec
t
i
v
e
of
t
h
i
s
w
o
rk
i
s
to
c
om
pare
a
nd
a
n
a
l
yze
t
h
e
pe
rfor
m
a
nc
e
cha
r
ac
t
e
ris
tic
s
of
S
EP
IC,
Luo
an
d
ZETA converter
s.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
D
I
n
t
his
work,
the
perform
ance
o
f
D
C
-D
C
co
nv
e
r
t
e
rs
s
u
c
h
a
s
S
E
P
I
C
,
Luo
an
d
Ze
t
a
c
on
ver
t
e
r
s
w
e
re
a
n
al
y
zed
.
Fu
rt
h
e
r,
t
h
e
p
erfo
rman
ce
pa
ram
e
ter
s
s
uc
h
i
n
d
u
c
tor
rip
p
l
e
v
o
lta
ge,
swi
t
ch
i
n
g
l
o
ss
an
d
effic
i
en
c
y
w
e
r
e
c
ompa
red
for
all the
t
h
r
e
e
conver
t
e
r
s.
2.1.
S
EPIC
con
ver
t
er
F
i
gure
1
s
h
ows
the
e
l
em
en
ta
ry
c
ir
cu
it
o
f
S
E
PI
C
con
v
e
r
te
r.
T
he
s
ingle
-
e
nde
d
pr
i
m
ar
y
in
d
u
cta
n
c
e
conver
t
e
r
(SEP
IC)
is
d
erived
fro
m
t
h
e
b
o
os
t
c
o
nv
erter
.
T
he
S
EP
I
C
co
nver
t
er
c
onsis
t
s
o
f
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
fi
l
t
e
r
ca
paci
t
o
r,
a
n
out
p
u
t
ca
pa
c
i
tor
,
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
tors
a
nd,
ac
c
oup
l
i
n
g
capa
c
i
tor,
a
pow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
(MO
S
F
ET)
a
nd
a
di
o
d
e
.
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
in
I
oL
I
I
oL
VV
F
i
gure
1
. E
l
e
me
nt
a
r
y c
i
rcu
it d
i
agra
m
of
S
EP
IC
c
on
ver
t
e
r
The
o
u
tp
ut v
o
l
tage
i
s
gi
v
e
n b
y
,
0
1
in
VV
wher
e,
i
s
t
h
e
d
u
ty
c
y
c
l
e
.
2.2.
L
u
o con
v
ert
er
F
i
gure
2
s
h
o
w
s
the
e
l
em
e
n
ta
r
y
c
ircu
i
t
d
iagra
m
o
f
L
u
o
c
o
nve
rter.
T
h
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
C
0
a
c
t
s
a
s
t
h
e
prima
r
y
m
eans
of
s
tor
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
ra
n
s
ferr
i
n
g
e
n
erg
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
pu
t
s
ou
r
c
e
to
t
h
e
o
ut
p
u
t
l
oa
d
via
the
pump
in
duc
t
o
r
L
1
.
Assumi
ng
c
apac
i
t
or
C
o
to
b
e
s
u
ffic
i
e
ntl
y
l
ar
g
e
,
t
h
e
varia
tio
n
of
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
a
cross
c
ap
a
c
i
t
o
r
C
o
f
r
o
m
i
t
s
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
V
C
c
a
n
b
e
ne
g
l
e
c
te
d
in
s
tea
dy
s
t
a
t
e,
i
.e
.,
V
C
(
t
)
≈
V
C
,
e
v
en
t
ho
u
gh
it
st
ore
s
a
nd
tra
n
sfers
e
n
ergy
f
ro
m t
h
e i
n
put
t
o
th
e
ou
t
p
u
t
.
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
in
I
oL
I
I
oL
VV
F
i
gur
e 2.
Elem
e
nta
r
y c
i
r
c
u
i
t
d
i
agram
of Lu
o
c
on
verte
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
37
4 –
38
0
37
6
The
o
u
tp
ut v
o
l
tage
i
s
gi
v
e
n a
s
,
0
1
in
VV
wher
e,
i
s t
h
e
d
u
ty
c
y
c
l
e
. Th
e v
o
lt
ag
e
t
r
an
sf
er g
a
i
n
i
n
c
o
n
ti
nu
ou
s mo
d
e
is g
ive
n
b
y,
0
1
in
V
VT
G
V
2.3.
Z
ET
A
con
v
ert
er
F
i
gure
3
sh
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
i
rcu
i
t
d
i
a
g
ra
m
for
e
l
em
en
tary
z
e
t
a
co
n
v
erte
r.
T
h
e
ZETA
c
onver
t
er
i
s
a
trans
f
or
me
r type
c
on
ver
t
e
r
w
i
t
h a
low
-
pa
ss
f
il
t
e
r a
nd i
t
s o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
rip
p
le
i
s
sm
all.
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
in
I
oL
I
I
oL
VV
5
D
F
i
gure
3.
E
l
e
me
ntar
y
circu
it d
i
agr
a
m
of
ZET
A
c
onverter
Th
e
ou
t
p
u
t
volt
a
g
e
e
qu
ati
o
n
is g
iv
e
n
a
s,
0
1
in
Vn
V
wher
e
n
is t
he
t
r
a
nsform
er
turn rati
o an
d
i
s
the du
t
y
c
ycle
/
on
tT
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
F
i
gure
4(a
)
a
nd
(b)
sh
ow
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
inp
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
nt
o
f
t
he
e
l
e
m
e
ntary
S
E
P
I
C
co
nve
r
t
e
r
re
sp
ec
ti
v
e
ly
.
F
i
gu
re
5
(a
)
and
(b)
show
t
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
ol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
o
utp
u
t
c
urre
nt
o
f
t
h
e
elem
entar
y
S
EPI
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
resp
e
c
tive
l
y.
I
t
is
s
e
e
n
tha
t
t
he
a
ve
rage
v
o
l
tag
e
o
f
12
v
w
a
s
sup
p
lie
d
to
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
S
E
P
I
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
and
ou
t
p
u
t
v
ol
t
a
ge is m
a
in
tai
n
e
d
a
t 24
v
w
i
t
h
r
esp
e
c
t
i
ve
re
s
is
ti
ve
load
o
f
1
00
o
h
m
.
(a)
(b)
Fi
g
u
re
4
.
E
l
em
en
t
a
ry
S
E
P
I
C
c
o
n
v
e
rt
er (a
)
I
n
put
v
olt
a
ge
(b
)
I
n
p
u
t
curr
ent
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
age
(V
)
2.
1253
2.
12
54
2.
12
55
2
.
1256
2
.
1257
2
.
1258
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
1.
2
1.
4
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t (
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rfo
r
man
c
e
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
of
SEPIC, l
u
o
and
Z
E
TA
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r (Ni
r
anj
ana
S
i
d
dha
rt
han
)
37
7
(a)
(b)
F
i
gure
5.
E
lem
e
ntar
y
S
E
P
I
C con
v
e
r
ter
(a) Out
p
ut v
o
l
t
a
ge (
b) O
u
t
put
cu
rren
t
F
i
gure
6
sh
ow
s
the
sw
itc
hi
n
g
w
ave
f
orm
o
f
p
ow
er
s
w
i
tc
h
or
M
O
S
F
E
T
o
f
the
elem
e
n
tar
y
S
EPIC
con
v
er
t
e
r.
T
he
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
t
he
p
ro
po
se
d
S
E
P
I
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
i
s
f
ix
ed
a
t
20
k
H
z
th
ro
ugho
ut
t
h
e
si
m
u
lat
i
on
pro
c
e
s
s.
I
nit
i
a
lly,
the
du
t
y
c
yc
le
i
s
vari
ed
t
o
ge
t
the
des
i
re
d
ou
tp
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
2
4v.
O
nc
e
th
e
des
i
red
ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
prod
uce
d
,
the
d
u
t
y
c
yc
l
e
w
ill
b
e
ke
p
t
f
i
x
ed.
Th
i
s
p
ro
c
e
dure
h
a
s
b
een
f
ol
lo
we
d
com
m
on
for
al
l the
thr
ee
diffe
r
ent c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
rs.
F
i
gure
7
(a)
a
n
d
(
b
)
s
how
t
he
i
np
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t
curre
nt
o
f
t
h
e
elem
en
tar
y
L
uo
c
on
ver
t
er
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
F
i
g
u
re
8
(
a)
a
n
d
(b)
show
t
he o
ut
put v
olta
ge
a
nd
ou
tpu
t
c
u
r
re
n
t
o
f
th
e
el
emen
t
a
ry
L
uo
c
on
ve
rt
er
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
F
i
g
u
re
9
s
how
s
the
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
w
a
vef
o
rm
o
f
pow
er
s
w
itc
h
or
M
O
S
F
ET
of
t
he
e
l
e
m
e
ntar
y
Lu
o c
onve
rter.
F
i
gur
e 6.
S
w
i
t
c
hin
g
w
ave
f
orm
(a)
(b)
F
i
gure
7.
E
lem
e
ntar
y
Luo c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
(a) Input
vol
ta
ge
(b)
In
p
u
t
curren
t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(
V
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
0.
05
0.
1
0.
15
0.
2
0.
25
0.
3
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
C
u
rrent
(
A
)
0.
795
0.
7951
0.
7952
0
.
7953
0.
7954
0
5
10
15
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(
v
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
a
ge
(
V
)
0.769
0.
76
9
1
0.
76
9
2
0.76
9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
C
u
r
r
ent
(
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
37
4 –
38
0
37
8
(a)
(b)
F
i
gur
e 8.
Elem
e
nta
r
y Luo
co
n
v
erte
r (a
)
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
lta
ge
(b)
O
ut
pu
t
curr
ent
F
i
gur
e 9.
S
w
i
t
c
hin
g
w
ave
f
orm
F
i
gures
1
0
(a
)
a
nd
(b)
sh
ow
t
he
i
np
u
t
v
ol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
i
n
pu
t
cu
rr
ent
o
f
t
h
e
ele
m
entary
ZET
A
conve
rter
re
sp
ec
ti
v
e
ly
.
Fi
gu
res
11
(
a
)
a
n
d
(
b
)
sho
w
t
h
e
out
put
vol
tag
e
a
n
d
output
c
urrent
o
f
the
el
ement
a
ry
ZETA
con
v
er
t
e
r
re
spe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
F
i
gur
e
1
2
s
how
s
t
h
e
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
w
a
vef
o
rm
of
pow
er
s
w
i
tc
h
or
M
O
S
F
ET
of
t
h
e
elem
en
tar
y
Z
E
T
A
con
v
e
r
ter.
A
ll
the
t
h
ree
c
onve
rters
ar
e
c
o
n
n
ec
t
e
d
t
o
th
e
10
0
ohm
r
esisti
ve
l
oa
d,
t
he
reb
y
draw
s
load c
ur
re
nt
o
f 0.
2
4
A
at the
ap
p
l
ied v
o
l
t
a
g
e
of
2
4
v
.
(a)
(b)
F
i
gure
1
0
. Ele
me
nt
a
r
y ZET
A
conve
r
t
er
(
a
)
Inp
u
t
vo
l
tag
e
(
b) Inpu
t current
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
-0
.
0
5
0
0.
05
0.
1
0.
15
0.
2
0.
25
0.
3
0.
35
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
C
u
r
r
ent
(
A
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(
V
)
1.
94
8
1.
94
81
1.
94
82
1.
94
83
1
.
948
4
1.
94
0
5
10
15
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
lt
ag
e
(V
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Ti
m
e
(
Se
c
)
V
o
lt
age(
V
)
1
.
39
92
1
.
39
93
1.39
9
4
1
.
39
95
1.39
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
Cu
r
r
en
t
(
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rfo
r
man
c
e
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
of
SEPIC, l
u
o
and
Z
E
TA
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r (Ni
r
anj
ana
S
i
d
dha
rt
han
)
37
9
(a)
(b)
F
i
gur
e 1
1
.
Elem
entar
y
ZETA
c
onver
t
e
r
(
a
)
Out
put
v
olta
ge
(b) Out
p
u
t cur
r
ent
F
i
gure
1
2
.
Sw
itch
i
ng w
a
ve
for
m
Ta
b
l
e
1
sh
ow
s
the
perf
orm
a
nce
par
a
m
e
ters
o
f
t
h
ree
d
i
ffe
r
ent
c
o
n
verter
s
from
w
hic
h
i
t
i
s
s
e
e
n
th
a
t
the
losses
and
Output
vol
tage
r
ipple
of
ZETA
c
onve
rter
i
s
less
w
h
en
c
om
pare
d
to
t
he
S
EP
IC
a
n
d
Lu
o c
onve
rter.
Ta
b
l
e
2
sh
ow
s
the
Inp
u
t
a
n
d
O
ut
pu
t
par
a
m
e
ters
o
f
al
l
t
h
e
t
h
re
e
di
ffere
n
t
con
v
erte
rs.
I
t
i
s
ob
se
rve
d
tha
t
t
he
i
np
u
t
c
urre
n
t
o
f
a
ll
the
three
pr
op
ose
d
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
rs
a
re
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
d
ue
t
o
in
div
i
d
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
he
ir
perform
ances. F
urther,
the
ZETA
e
xhibits high effi
cienc
y
than
t
he
o
ther
t
wo prop
o
se
d
con
v
er
t
e
rs.
Tab
l
e
1. P
e
r
form
ance
pa
r
am
eter
s of
t
hr
ee
di
ffer
ent c
o
n
v
e
r
te
rs
Dif
f
e
r
en
t T
y
p
e
s
o
f
D
C
-D
C
C
onve
rt
e
r
s
Sw
it
c
h
ing
C
ount
(Fre
que
nc
y
)
Output
R
ipple
Volta
g
e
(
mV)
S
w
i
t
c
h
ing
lo
ss
(
%
)
C
r
itica
l
Valu
e
o
f
L (
u
H
)
Cr
i
t
i
cal
V
al
u
e
o
f
C (u
F
)
L
uo
C
onve
r
t
e
r
20
Khz
24.
12
4
3
5
60.
52
0
.
1
7
SE
P
I
C
C
onv
e
r
te
r
20
Khz
20.
52
29.
5
6
15.
39
0
.
1
4
Ze
t
a
C
onve
rt
e
r
20
Khz
17.
23
2
0
5
51.
04
0
.
1
7
Ta
b
l
e
2.
Inpu
t-ou
t
p
u
t
p
ara
m
e
t
e
r
s of three
di
ffere
nt
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
rs
D
i
ffe
re
nt Ty
p
e
s
o
f
D
C
-DC
C
onve
rt
e
r
s
Inp
u
t
Volta
g
e
In
p
u
t
C
u
rre
nt
Output
Volta
ge
O
u
tput
C
u
rre
nt
Ef
f
i
ci
e
n
cy
(%)
L
u
o
C
onv
e
r
t
e
r
12
0
.
8
5
24
0.
24
5
7
SE
PI
C
Co
n
v
er
t
e
r
12
0
.
6
8
24
0.
24
70.
5
Ze
ta
C
onve
r
t
e
r
1
2
0.
6
24
0.
24
8
0
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Th
is
p
a
p
er
d
ea
l
s
w
i
t
h
per
f
or
m
a
nce
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
r
ee
di
ffer
ent
c
on
v
e
rter
s
su
ch
a
s
SEPIC
,
L
u
o
a
nd
ZETA
c
onver
t
er
s
.
F
urther,
the
perf
or
mance
parameters
a
nd
I
nput-
O
u
t
p
u
t
p
ara
m
e
t
ers
w
e
re
c
om
pare
d.
F
or
a
fi
xe
d
ou
t
p
u
t
v
ol
ta
ge
o
f
24
v,
t
he
I
np
u
t
-O
ut
pu
t
para
me
ters
,
out
pu
t
r
i
p
p
l
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
l
o
s
s
e
s
,
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
val
u
es
o
f
L
an
d
C,
e
ffic
ie
nc
y
losse
s
w
e
re
a
nal
y
se
d.
R
e
s
ults
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
ra
t
e
t
ha
t
the
ZET
A
conve
r
t
er
h
as
l
o
w
swi
t
c
h
i
n
g
l
o
s
s
es
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
f
fi
ci
en
cy
w
h
e
n
c
o
mp
are
d
t
o
t
h
e
SEPIC
a
n
d
L
u
o
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
rs.
F
u
r
t
he
r,
it
is
c
o
n
c
lu
de
d
tha
t
t
he
Z
E
T
A
c
onver
t
er
c
l
a
ims
t
h
e
eff
i
c
i
enc
y
o
f
8
0
%
a
nd
it
i
s
supe
r
i
or
t
ha
n
t
h
e
o
t
her
tw
o
pro
pose
d
con
v
er
t
e
rs suc
h
as
S
EP
IC
a
nd
Lu
o con
v
e
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te
r.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
v
o
l
t
age(
V
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-0
.
1
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
C
u
r
r
ent
(
A
)
0
0.2
0.
4
0.6
0.8
1
x
1
0
-3
0
5
10
15
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
V
o
l
t
age
(V
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
37
4 –
38
0
38
0
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Sing
h
,
S
.,
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i
ng
h,
B
.,
Bh
uv
aneswari
,
G.
,
a
n
d
B
i
st,
V.,
“Po
w
er
f
a
ctor
c
orrect
ed
z
et
a
co
nvert
er
b
as
ed im
p
ro
ved
po
wer
quality
s
wi
tched mo
de po
w
er supply,
”
IEEE T
r
a
n
sact
io
n
s
On In
d
u
s
t
ria
l
Electr
onics
,
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4
22-5
4
3
3
,
2
01
5.
[2]
S
h
ri
vast
ava,
A
.
,
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i
ngh
,
B.
,
an
d
P
a
l,
S
.
,
“
A
n
ovel
wal
l
-swit
c
hed
s
t
e
p-d
i
m
m
in
g
concep
t
in
L
ED
l
i
ghti
ng
sy
st
ems
us
in
g
P
F
C
zet
a con
v
erter,”
IEE
E
Tran
sa
c
tion
s
o
n
In
du
str
i
a
l
Ele
c
t
ro
nic
s
,
6
2
(
10
),
6272
-62
83,
2
0
1
5
.
[3]
Raji
n
i
,
V.,
&
P
a
ramas
i
v
a
m,
A
.,
“
A
n
a
lyzi
ng
Wi
n
d
P
ower
P
o
t
en
tial
i
n
C
a
u
v
e
r
y
D
e
l
t
a
a
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
Renew
a
b
l
e E
n
erg
y
b
ased
Stan
d
alo
n
e P
u
m
p
i
ng S
y
st
em f
or
I
rri
g
atio
n
,”
I
ERI Procedi
a
,
5
,
1
53
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, 2
01
3.
[4]
P
o
n
n
alag
arsam
y
,
S
.
,
an
d
S
w
aroo
pan,
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.
J
.,
“P
e
r
f
o
rm
ance
Me
as
ures
o
f
Po
si
tive
Outpu
t
S
up
e
r
l
i
ft
L
uo
C
on
ve
rte
r
Using
Multi
t
u
di
nous
C
ontrol
l
e
r,
”
In
ter
natio
na
l Jour
na
l
of Po
wer
Electro
ni
cs and
D
r
i
v
e
Sys
t
em
s
(
I
JPEDS)
,
v
o
l
.
9(2
)
,
p
p
.
7
04
-711,
2
01
8.
[5]
Red
d
y
,
S
.
R
.
,
Pr
asad
,
P.
V
.,
an
d
S
r
i
n
i
v
as,
G.
N
.,
“Design
o
f
P
I
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
f
o
r
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
S
t
a
t
i
c
Com
p
en
sat
o
r,”
In
ter
n
a
t
i
onal
J
o
u
r
na
l o
f
Power Electr
oni
cs a
nd Drive S
y
st
ems
(
I
JPED
S
)
, 9
(2),
4
65
-
4
7
7
, 2
01
8.
[6]
Gn
anavad
iv
el,
J
.
,
Kumar,
N
.
S
.
,
P
r
i
y
a,
C
.
N.,
an
d
Ven
i
,
K.
K
.,
“In
v
es
tig
ati
o
n
o
f
P
o
w
er
Q
ualit
y
I
m
p
ro
vem
e
n
t
i
n
Super
Lift
Luo
Converter,
”
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l Jo
urn
a
l
of
Po
wer
Elect
ro
nics
a
nd D
r
i
ve S
y
s
t
em
s (
I
J
P
ED
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
8(
3),
pp
.
1
240
-12
5
0
, 2
017
.
[7]
Luo
,
F
.
L., an
d
Y
e,
H
., “Adv
a
nc
ed dc
/
d
c
c
on
verters”
crc P
r
ess
,
201
6.
[8]
Rao,
B
.
N.
,
and
Vani,
M.
A
.
High
G
ain
Multi
L
e
vel
Dual
L
oad
SEP
IC
C
on
vert
er
f
or
I
ncrem
e
nt
al
Co
nd
uc
ta
n
c
e
MPPT.
[9]
He,
Y.
,
&
Luo
,
F
.
L
.
,
“Ana
ly
si
s
o
f
L
uo
c
o
nvert
ers
with
v
o
l
t
a
ge-
l
i
f
t
c
ircuit,”
IE
EE Pr
oceed
in
gs-Elect
ric Po
wer
Applications
, vo
l
. 1
52
(5),
p
p.
12
3
9
-
12
5
2
, 20
0
5
.
[10]
Lu
o,
F
.
L
.
,
“Lu
o
-con
vert
ers,
v
oltage
l
ift
t
echni
que,
”
I
n
Po
w
e
r E
l
e
c
tr
on
ic
s
S
p
e
c
ia
li
sts C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
19
98
.
P
E
S
C
9
8
Record
.
2
9
t
h
Annu
al
I
EEE
(Vol. 2
,
p
p.
178
3-1
789).
I
E
E
E
,
1
998
, M
ay
.
[11]
Baek
,
J.
I
.,
K
i
m,
J
.
K.,
Lee,
J
.
B.,
Yo
un
,
H.
S
.,
a
n
d
M
oo
n,
G
.
W
.
,
“
I
n
t
egrated
as
ymm
e
trical
h
a
l
f
-
bri
d
g
e
Z
e
t
a
(AH
B
Z
)
c
onvert
e
r
f
o
r
DC
/
D
C
s
t
age
of
LED
d
ri
v
e
r
wi
th
w
ide
ou
tput
voltag
e
r
an
ge
a
nd
l
ow
o
ut
put
c
urren
t
,
”
IE
E
E
Tran
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
str
i
a
l
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s
,vo
l
.
62
(1
2)
, pp
.
74
89
-7
49
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[12]
Bist,
V.
,
a
n
d
Sin
g
h
,
B
.,
“
Redu
ce
d
sens
or
c
on
fig
u
rati
on
o
f
b
r
us
h
l
e
ss
D
C
m
o
tor
drive
usin
g
a
pow
er
f
act
o
r
correct
ion
-
bas
e
d
m
odif
i
ed-zet
a
con
v
erter,”
IE
T Po
wer Elect
ro
n
i
cs
, vo
l
.
7(
9),
pp
.
2
3
2
2
-
23
35
,
2
0
1
4
.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
S
.
N
i
r
anj
a
na
w
a
s
b
orn
i
n
K
u
m
b
a
ko
nam
,
I
nd
ia
i
n
199
2.
S
h
e
h
as
o
b
t
ain
e
d
Bachel
or
o
f
El
e
t
ron
i
cs
an
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
cati
on
En
g
i
neerin
g, M
aster o
f
E
ng
in
ee
ri
ng
i
n
P
o
we
r
E
le
c
t
ron
i
c
s
&
D
rive
s
in
2
01
3,
2
0
1
5
r
es
pect
iv
e
l
y.
C
u
r
ren
t
l
y
s
h
e
i
s
a
P
h
.
D
.
Res
earch
S
cho
l
ar
i
n
t
he
D
epart
m
en
t
of
E
l
ectrical
E
ngi
neeri
ng,
A
nnam
a
lai
Un
i
v
ersit
y
.
H
e
r
area
o
f
i
nt
erest
i
n
cl
ud
e
s
po
wer
elect
ron
i
cs
a
n
d
s
pecia
l
m
achi
n
es
.
B.Bas
k
aran was bo
r
n i
n
N
agap
a
t
ti
nam
, In
d
i
a
in
196
3. H
e has
o
b
ta
i
n
ed
Bachel
or o
f
El
ectrical
and
E
l
ectro
n
i
cs
E
n
g
ineerin
g,
M
ast
e
r
o
f
E
ng
ineeri
ng
i
n
P
ow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd
P
h
.
D
f
r
om
A
n
n
a
m
ala
i
U
n
iv
ersi
ty
i
n
1
9
8
5
,
19
91
and
20
13
r
esp
ecti
v
ely
.
C
u
rrent
ly
h
e
is
a
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
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m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
ectri
cal
E
ngineering
,
A
nn
amalai
U
ni
versity.
W
h
ere
h
e
h
as
p
u
t
in
a
t
o
t
a
l
s
e
r
vic
e
of
2
7
ye
a
r
s
s
i
n
c
e
198
7.
H
e
has
pu
blis
hed
man
y
i
n
t
ernati
o
n
al
a
n
d
n
atio
na
l
jo
urn
a
ls
.
His
a
r
ea
o
f
i
nterest
i
n
clu
d
es
m
od
ellin
g
,
s
im
u
l
a
t
ion
and
i
n
telli
gent
c
ont
rol
f
o
r m
a
t
r
ix converter.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.