In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
874~
8
8
1
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
8
74-
88
1
874
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
EDM Process through
Mathematical Mod
el
Da
n
a
Dehg
h
a
n
i
1
, Azli Yah
y
a
2
,
Nor
H
i
sham Khamis
3
,
Ali Idh
a
m A
l
z
a
id
i
4
1,
3
School
o
f
Ele
ct
rical
E
ngi
n
eeri
n
g,
U
n
i
versiti
T
e
knologi Malays
i
a, M
alay
s
i
a
2,
4
S
ch
oo
l of
Biom
e
di
c
a
l
En
g
i
neeri
ng
and
Heal
th S
c
i
ences
, Univ
e
rsi
ti Tek
nol
og
i
Mal
a
ys
ia,
M
a
l
a
ysia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Au
g
2
7
,
2
018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
9
,
201
8
A
c
c
e
pte
d
F
eb 25,
2
0
1
9
E
D
M
is
a
w
e
l
l
-
e
s
t
a
bl
is
h
e
d
ho
le
m
a
c
h
in
in
g
op
ti
o
n
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
d
van
t
ag
e
s
du
e
t
o
n
o
n
-con
ta
ct
c
h
a
ra
ct
eris
ti
c
s
o
f
t
h
e
pro
cess
.
H
ow
e
v
er,
kno
w
l
e
d
ge
a
bo
u
t
th
e
p
r
ocess
is
not
e
no
ug
h
fo
r
its
m
o
r
e
im
prov
ement
s
.
Ex
prim
en
al
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
a
r
e
cos
t
l
y
a
n
d
tim
e
co
ns
um
in
g
b
ecaus
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
nat
u
re
o
f
pro
c
ess
.
Th
eref
ore,
p
roce
s
s
m
od
elin
g
is
a
g
o
o
d
al
tern
ativ
e
t
o
r
edu
ce
t
h
e
e
x
p
eri
m
e
n
tal
exp
e
ns
e
r
e
lated
to
t
h
e
t
ech
no
lo
gy.
T
h
i
s
pap
e
r
st
udy
s
EDM
p
r
oces
s
t
h
rou
gh
m
a
th
ematical
m
od
el,
wh
ich
in
c
l
u
d
es
t
h
e
p
reci
se
i
ns
ig
h
t
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
i
nt
erac
t
i
v
e
beh
a
vi
or
o
f
E
D
M
system.
Th
e
ign
i
ti
on,
d
is
charg
e
a
nd
r
eco
v
e
ry
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
mo
de
l
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
de
ve
lo
p
e
d
th
ro
ug
h
MATL
ABs
ti
me
d
o
m
a
i
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
is.
S
i
m
u
la
ti
on
res
u
l
t
s
h
o
ws
go
od
a
g
r
eemen
t
with
e
x
p
ect
ed
p
ro
file
o
f
E
D
M
sp
ark.
T
o
verif
y
t
he
m
o
d
el,
simul
a
ted
mat
e
ria
l
r
em
ov
al
r
at
es
(
M
RRs)
from
seri
es
o
f
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
are
com
p
ared
w
it
h
th
e
e
x
peri
m
e
ntal
ones
re
port
e
d
by
prev
io
us
r
es
e
a
rc
h
e
r.
A
bi
lity
o
f
the
m
o
d
e
l
to
p
redi
ct
t
h
e
d
yn
ami
c
beh
a
vio
r
pro
f
il
e
o
f
t
h
e
E
D
M
s
ys
t
e
m
is
s
ucces
sf
u
l
ly
c
o
n
f
i
rmed
b
y
low
av
er
ag
e
p
e
rc
e
n
ta
ge
e
r
r
or in pr
e
d
ic
ting
M
RR.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
EDM
S
p
a
r
k pr
o
f
il
e
MATLAB
MR
R
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
D
a
na
D
e
hgh
a
n
i
,
S
c
hoo
l
o
f
Ele
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
ngine
er
in
g,
U
nive
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
ogi
M
a
l
ays
i
a,
81
3
10 Jo
h
o
r B
a
hru,
Joh
or,
Malay
s
ia.
Em
ail:
dana
de
h
g
ha
ni1
@
gm
a
il.c
o
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
ED
M
is
a
n
o
n
-
t
r
a
d
iti
ona
l
m
a
c
h
i
n
in
g
proce
ss
t
o
r
e
m
ove
m
a
t
eria
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
wo
rk
pi
ec
e
u
s
in
g
a
t
h
rea
d
of
e
lec
t
r
i
c
a
l
d
i
s
cha
r
ges
be
tw
e
e
n t
h
e
e
l
ec
trod
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
rk
piec
e
cal
l
e
d
g
a
p
[1
].
non
-c
on
ta
ct
c
h
a
ra
ct
erist
i
c
s
of
ED
M
m
a
ke
s
i
t
a
valua
b
le
t
ec
hni
que
f
or
v
ar
i
e
ty
o
f
h
o
l
e
m
a
nu
fac
t
u
ri
n
g
a
ppr
oac
h
es
[
2].
H
o
w
e
ve
r,
s
cient
i
f
ic
kn
ow
le
d
g
e
a
b
ou
t
the
pr
oc
es
s
is
s
t
ill
i
n
s
u
ffic
ie
nt
a
n
d
i
t
is
t
he
m
ain
o
b
s
t
ac
l
e
f
or
i
t
s
m
ore
im
prov
em
ents.
Exp
e
ri
me
nt
a
l
t
ri
a
l
s
are
ch
all
e
n
g
i
n
g
du
e
to
t
he
h
ig
hly
st
oc
h
a
s
t
i
c
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
na
ture
o
f
th
e
pr
oce
ss
ca
us
e
d
b
y
some
p
r
o
ces
s
com
p
lic
a
t
i
o
ns
s
uc
h
as
a
d
h
esi
on,
s
hor
t-circ
u
iti
ng
a
n
d
c
a
v
it
ati
o
ns
t
hat
inc
r
ea
se
t
he
m
a
c
hi
n
i
n
g
ti
m
e
a
nd
ma
ke the
pr
o
ce
ss bec
o
me
uns
tab
l
e [
3
].
Ma
ny
ED
M
resea
r
c
h
e
r
s
have
a
ttem
p
ted
in
n
ova
t
i
ve
i
dea
s
s
uch
a
s
u
l
tr
aso
n
i
c
v
i
bra
t
i
o
n
s
a
nd
fl
us
hin
g
effec
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
pur
pose
t
o
s
ol
ve
t
he
p
roce
ss
com
p
lic
a
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
impr
ove
t
he
s
ystem
s
t
ab
il
ity.
M
a
har
d
i
k
a
[4
]
fo
u
nd
t
h
a
t
u
s
i
ng
ultra
s
o
n
ic
v
i
b
r
a
t
i
ons
r
em
ove
a
dhes
i
o
n
a
nd
s
hor
t
circ
uit
d
u
r
i
n
g
m
a
c
hi
nin
g
p
r
o
c
e
dure
.
S
h
a
bgar
d
[
5]
r
e
v
ea
l
e
d
t
h
a
t
E
D
M
o
f
Ti–
6
A
l
–4V
b
y
us
in
g
ul
tra
s
o
n
i
c
v
ibr
a
ti
o
n
s
of
c
op
pe
r
elec
tr
ode
e
nhac
e
MR
R.
H
e
a
l
so
c
l
a
i
m
ed
t
h
a
t
cra
c
k
d
e
n
s
ity
a
nd
t
ool
w
ea
r
rati
o
(TW
R
)
r
e
d
u
ce
at
f
in
ish
i
n
g
r
egim
es
w
h
ile
r
e
c
a
s
t
layer
, cra
cks d
e
ns
it
y, an
d
T
W
R
i
nc
rea
s
e a
t
r
ou
g
h
i
n
g re
g
i
m
e
s.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
, u
ltra
s
on
ic
v
ib
r
a
t
i
ons
h
e
l
p
t
o
pr
o
m
o
te
pro
duc
t
i
v
ity
a
n
d
feasi
b
ili
t
y
in
c
e
rtai
n
con
d
i
t
i
ons,
how
e
v
er
the
re
is sti
ll a
lo
ng w
a
y t
o
go
for
use
in i
nd
us
tr
y.
F
l
u
s
h
i
n
g
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
s
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
l
u
i
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
i
p
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
,
s
o
d
e
b
ris
ca
rries
a
w
a
y
a
nd
t
h
e
ins
u
la
t
i
ng
cha
r
ac
t
e
ris
tics
of
t
he
d
ie
le
c
t
ri
c
a
r
e
pr
eser
ve
d,
i
t
is
a
n
ea
sy
w
a
y
to
i
m
p
ro
ve
e
ffic
i
e
nc
y
o
f
E
D
M
h
ole
dril
l
i
n
g
[6].
P
ressure
and s
u
c
t
io
n
fl
us
hin
g
tec
h
n
i
q
ue
s ha
ve
t
he
ca
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of e
l
im
i
n
a
t
i
n
g the
s
p
ark
erode
d pa
rt
i
c
le
s, but
the
y
c
a
n
o
n
l
y
be
u
se
d
in
p
ar
t
i
cu
lar
a
p
p
l
ica
t
i
ons.
E
b
is
u
[
7
]
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
ga
te
d
th
e
effec
t
o
f
je
t
flu
s
h
i
ng
o
n
t
h
e
debr
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
ED
M proce
ss t
h
rou
gh
m
a
the
m
at
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l (
D
ana D
e
hgh
a
n
i)
87
5
st
a
gna
t
i
on
d
u
rin
g
t
he
c
u
tti
n
g
c
orner
sha
p
e
i
n
1
st
-c
ut
w
i
r
e
EDM
.
H
e
sh
o
w
ed
t
h
a
t
a
p
ply
i
ng
j
et
f
l
u
shi
ng
dec
r
ea
se
s
debr
is
s
t
a
g
n
at
ion
in
t
he ga
p
o
nl
y te
m
porar
i
l
y
after
the
corne
r
.
I
n
o
rder
t
o
o
v
e
rc
ome
the
di
ffic
u
l
ty
a
spects
relat
e
d
to
r
ea
l
mac
h
i
ni
ng
e
nv
i
r
o
n
m
ent
and
it
s
ef
fec
t
o
n
sy
st
em
s
t
a
bi
li
ty
,
mo
d
e
l
i
ng
a
nd
s
i
m
ul
a
tio
n
i
s
a
n
alt
e
rn
at
iv
e
way
t
o
u
nder
s
t
a
nd
t
he
m
ec
ha
ni
sm
u
nde
rly
i
n
g
t
he
ED
M
pr
oce
dur
e.
A
lth
ou
g
h
g
a
p
s
p
a
rk
p
r
o
file
s
p
l
a
y
a
n
i
m
po
rtan
t
ro
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
al
ys
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
ED
M
pr
oce
ss,
b
ut
very
f
ew
m
at
h
e
m
a
tica
l
m
ode
ls
h
ave
bee
n
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
t
o
ide
n
t
i
fy
t
h
e
pr
ofi
l
e
o
f
E
D
M
s
pa
r
k
d
urin
g
ma
c
h
i
n
i
n
g
proce
dure.
M
i
n
h
a
t
e
t
a
l
.
[8]
presen
te
d
the
m
a
them
at
ical
m
odel
o
f
E
D
M
p
u
l
se
s
bas
e
d
on
t
h
e
ini
t
i
al
,
ig
ni
t
i
o
n
and
d
i
schar
g
e
phase
s.
H
ow
ever
,
the
m
o
d
e
l
fa
il
ed
t
o
d
e
ter
m
ine
th
e
EDM
prof
i
l
es
c
orrectly,
Moreover
,
ma
them
at
i
c
al e
qua
t
i
on
d
i
d n
o
t
m
atch the
pro
file
s
i
n
a
l
l
p
has
e
s.
Th
is
p
a
p
er
p
ro
pos
es
m
a
t
he
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
el to
predic
t
the dyna
mic
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
of
t
he
E
D
M
s
par
k
,
si
m
i
lar
to
t
h
e
i
deal
o
n
e
.
The
ma
them
atica
l
e
xpla
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
m
od
el
i
s
loca
te
d
i
n
s
e
c
tio
n
2
.
I
gn
it
ion,
d
isc
h
arg
e
a
n
d
rec
overy
p
ha
s
e
s
ha
ve
b
ee
n
c
o
nsi
d
e
r
ed
p
rope
rl
y.
I
n
se
cti
o
n
3,
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
oftw
are
is
u
se
d
t
o
s
im
ulate
ma
chin
i
ng
pr
oc
edure
.
S
e
c
tio
n
4
i
n
c
l
udes
disc
uss
i
o
n
a
bo
u
t
t
he
v
a
li
di
ty
o
f
the
s
i
mula
te
d
m
odel
us
in
g
se
ries
o
f
expe
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
d
ata
to
c
a
l
cu
la
t
e
M
R
R
s
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
are
w
i
th
t
he
e
xper
i
m
e
nt
al
r
esu
l
ts
f
r
o
m
prev
i
ous
r
ese
a
r
c
her
.
F
i
nal
l
y
,
conc
lu
si
on is g
i
v
en i
n
S
e
c
t
ion
5.
2
.
M
ODEL
D
E
S
CRIPT
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
sec
t
io
n
,
m
athem
a
tica
l
m
odel
dur
in
g
ig
nit
i
on,
d
isc
h
ar
ge
an
d
re
c
over
y
p
hases
i
s
d
eve
l
ope
d
separ
a
te
ly.
T
h
e
prop
ose
d
m
o
d
e
l
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gure 1
c
o
nsis
te
d
o
f
p
u
l
se pow
er
g
ene
r
at
or
a
n
d
E
D
M
s
pa
rk. P
u
lse
pow
er
g
e
n
e
r
at
or,
in t
ur
n,
i
s ma
de
o
f
a
n
ac source
,
a
t
r
ans
f
orm
e
r,
r
ect
i
fier
a
nd
a
c
a
pac
itor
as
f
ilt
e
r
followed
by
a
tra
n
sis
t
orize
d
s
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
c
ir
cui
t
a
s
pulse
g
e
n
era
t
or.
A
ll
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
s
u
ppose
d
t
o
be
i
dea
l
i
n
order
t
o
rea
c
h
sim
p
le a
nd c
l
e
a
r
insi
g
h
t
in
t
o
the m
o
de
l be
ha
v
i
or.
Base
d
o
n
t
he
m
odel,
A
C
s
o
u
r
ce
volta
ge
v
s
i
s
a
p
pli
e
d
t
o
p
ro
vid
e
r
eq
u
i
red
v
a
lu
e
of
D
C
in
pu
t
vol
t
a
ge
V
in
t
hr
o
ugh
t
h
e
bri
d
ge
d
io
de
a
nd
t
ransfor
m
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
u
rns
r
a
ti
o
of
n
1
:n
2
w
h
e
r
e
n
1
a
n
d
n
2
a
re
t
he
n
um
bers
o
f
prima
r
y
an
d
s
e
c
o
n
d
ary
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s,
r
espe
c
tiv
e
l
y.
P
ul
se
g
e
n
e
r
ator
c
ompr
is
ed
o
f
a
MO
S
F
ET
sw
i
t
c
h
S
1
a
nd
a
resistor
R
1
.
Sw
it
c
h
S
1
i
s
co
nt
ro
ll
ed
b
y
l
o
w
po
wer
p
u
l
s
es
o
f
P
w1
and
use
d
t
o
c
o
ntr
o
l
c
u
r
r
ent
from
c
a
p
aci
t
o
r
C
to
t
h
e
g
ap.
As
c
an
b
e
se
en
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
the
EDM
spar
k
whic
h
is
the
g
a
p
mode
l
be
tw
een
e
lectr
o
d
e
a
nd
wo
rk
pi
e
c
e
consi
s
t
s
o
f
R
s
,
R
ig
,
R
dis
,
L
dis
a
n
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
S
2
d
ri
v
e
n
by
P
w2
.
Th
re
e
d
e
fi
n
e
d
ph
as
es
o
f
EDM
pul
ses
wi
t
h
rela
t
e
d m
a
the
m
atica
l
e
qua
t
i
o
n
s ar
e e
xpla
i
n
e
d in f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
.
2.1.
I
gn
iti
o
n
ph
ase
Base
d
on
t
h
e
p
r
ofi
l
e
i
l
l
u
s
t
rate
d
in
F
i
g
ure
2,
i
gn
i
tio
n
phas
e
i
s
o
cc
ur
red
i
n
t
he
tim
e
inte
rva
l
f
r
o
m
t
1
t
o
t
2
w
h
i
ch
i
s
ca
l
l
e
d
de
la
y
tim
e
t
d
.
Op
en
g
ap
vol
t
a
g
e
V
oc
p
ro
vi
ded
a
severe
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
fie
l
d
be
t
w
ee
n
elec
t
r
o
d
e
and
wo
rk
pi
e
c
e
.
A
n
io
ni
zat
i
o
n
p
a
th
c
rea
t
ed
t
h
r
ou
gh
t
h
e
d
i
e
l
e
ctri
c
a
n
d
fl
ow
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
rrent
i
ga
p
i
s
inte
rrup
t
e
d
.
G
a
p
vo
lta
ge
V
ga
p
i
n
t
h
is pha
se is e
q
ual t
o
V
oc
. Sm
a
ll de
lay
t
i
m
e
resu
lts lar
ge
r spa
r
k tim
e so mor
e e
n
ergy e
n
t
er
s i
n
to
the w
o
r
k
p
i
e
c
e
[9]
,
. Equ
iva
l
e
n
t
m
o
del of
E
D
M
s
ys
tem
in th
i
s
p
h
a
se
i
s
obt
a
ined
f
r
o
m
Figure
1
w
hen
s
w
i
t
c
h
S
1
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
a
n
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
S
2
i
s
op
e
n
.
Re
late
d
e
q
uat
i
on
s
o
f
g
a
p
c
urr
e
nt
i
ga
p
a
nd
ga
p
v
o
lta
g
e
V
gap
ob
tai
n
e
d
a
s
fo
l
l
ow
i
n
g.
A
s
S
2
is c
onsi
d
er
ed ope
n so,
ig
R
gap
i
i
(1
)
us
i
n
g
O
h
m’
s
law
,
ig
gap
gap
R
V
i
(2
)
sub
s
t
i
t
u
tin
g (
2
) in (
1),
Sw
itch
S
1
is o
n
,
thus ap
p
l
y
in
g
vol
t
a
ge
d
r
i
ve
r be
tw
ee
n
resist
ors
R
ig
a
nd
R
s
gives
:
gap
gap
ig
i
V
R
(3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
7
4
–
8
81
87
6
)
(
s
ig
ig
in
ga
p
R
R
R
V
V
(
4
)
B
y
s
ubs
t
itu
t
i
ng
(
3)
i
n
(
4
)
,
)
(
ga
p
s
ga
p
ga
p
in
ga
p
i
R
V
V
V
V
(
5
)
S
i
mpli
fyi
n
g
bo
th s
ides o
f
(5) gi
ves,
ga
p
s
gap
in
i
R
V
V
(
6
)
F
r
om
(
6)
c
a
n
b
e
se
en
t
ha
t
sm
all
di
ff
er
e
n
ce
b
e
tw
e
e
n
a
n
d
V
ga
p
m
a
k
es
t
he
m
odel
mor
e
c
l
o
se
t
o
t
h
e
idea
l
va
lue
of
i
gap
in
t
hi
s
phas
e
w
hi
c
h
i
s
z
e
r
o
.
S
o
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
(
7)
,
ga
p
v
o
lta
ge
r
e
a
c
h
e
s
to
i
ts
m
axi
m
u
m
v
alue
c
a
lle
d o
p
e
n
ga
p
v
o
ltage
V
oc
.
in
gap
V
V
(7
)
The
n
,
0
ga
p
i
(8
)
Defi
c
i
enc
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
a
ssum
p
t
ion
in
[
8],
l
e
d
to
a
m
isma
tch
of
i
t
s
m
a
t
h
em
atica
l
e
x
p
ress
io
n
w
i
t
h
t
he
g
a
p
c
u
rre
nt
p
ro
fi
le
i
n
th
is p
ha
se
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
T
he
E
D
M
m
ode
l
i
n
i
gn
iti
o
n
p
h
a
se
2.
2.
D
isch
arge
p
h
ase
The
d
i
sc
har
g
e
pha
se
i
s
occ
u
r
r
e
d
i
n
t
he
t
i
m
e
in
t
e
r
v
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
2
t
o
t
3
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
t
di
s
a
s
show
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
D
u
r
i
ng
this
p
hase,
t
h
e
is
o
l
a
t
i
n
g
ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
die
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
b
r
e
a
k
s
d
o
w
n
,
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
t
a
r
t
s
t
o
f
l
o
w
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
vo
l
t
age
f
a
l
l
s
[
10]
.
The
sp
ar
k
i
s
f
or
me
d
a
n
d
ma
chi
n
i
n
g
c
ont
in
ue
d
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
a
p
e
a
k
g
a
p
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
I
g
a
nd
a
di
scha
r
g
e
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
V
dis
.
I
n
t
hi
s
ph
a
s
e
b
o
t
h
swi
t
c
h
e
s
of
S
1
a
nd
S
2
fr
o
m
eq
u
i
va
le
nt E
D
M
m
ode
l
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e 1
ar
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ed
o
n.
L
di
s
a
n
d
R
dis
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
i
n
s
e
r
i
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
r
e
s
is
ta
nce
R
ig
i
n
pa
ral
l
el.
Gap
curr
ent
i
gap
and
G
a
p
volta
ge
V
ga
p
c
an
b
e
obta
i
ned
as
f
o
llow
s
,
ig
di
s
R
R
ga
p
i
i
i
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
ED
M proce
ss t
h
rou
gh
m
a
the
m
at
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l (
D
ana D
e
hgh
a
n
i)
87
7
dt
di
dis
dis
R
gap
dis
R
dis
L
R
i
V
(10)
modi
fyi
n
g (
10) give
s
,
dis
dis
R
gap
dis
R
dis
R
i
V
di
L
dt
(11)
Inte
gra
tin
g
bot
h
si
des
of t
he
(11),
dis
R
dis
dis
R
gap
dis
R
dis
i
R
i
V
di
t
t
L
t
0
3
2
(12)
By
a
pp
l
y
in
g
assump
ti
o
n
,
dis
R
gap
R
i
V
z
dis
(13)
dis
dis
R
dz
R
di
(14)
So
,
dis
dis
L
t
R
c
a
n be
e
xpl
a
i
ne
d as
f
o
llow
s
:
dis
R
dis
dis
i
z
dz
t
t
L
t
R
0
3
2
(15)
term
(
15) c
an be
e
xpl
a
i
ne
d as fo
l
l
o
w
s
,
dis
R
dis
dis
dis
i
dis
R
gap
t
t
L
t
R
R
i
V
0
)
ln(
3
2
(16)
us
i
n
g
lim
it
s,
)
ln(
)
(
2
3
gap
dis
dis
R
gap
dis
dis
V
R
i
V
L
t
t
R
(17)
tak
i
ng an
t
i
l
og
of
b
o
t
h
si
des
o
f
e
qua
t
i
on
(17)
,
dis
R
gap
gap
R
i
V
e
V
dis
dis
L
t
t
dis
R
)
2
3
(
(18)
the current
dis
R
i
can
b
e e
xpl
a
i
ne
d a
s
f
ol
l
o
w
s
:
)
1
(
)
(
2
3
t
t
R
V
R
dis
L
dis
R
dis
gap
dis
e
i
(19)
als
o
,
ig
gap
ig
R
V
R
i
(20)
By
i
nse
r
tin
g
eq
uat
i
o
n
s
(19)
a
nd
(20)
i
n
eq
uat
i
on (9)
, the
cur
re
nt
g
a
p
i
n t
h
is
pha
se
ca
n
be
fou
n
d
a
s fol
l
ow
s:
]
)
1
(
[
1
)
(
1
2
3
ig
dis
dis
dis
R
t
t
L
R
R
gap
gap
e
V
i
(21)
app
l
yi
ng
th
e Kir
c
h
h
o
ff
law
,
gap
s
in
V
i
R
V
gap
(22)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
7
4
–
8
81
87
8
sub
s
t
itu
t
i
ng
(
2
1)
i
n
(
22)
,
]
1
)
1
(
[
)
2
3
(
ig
s
dis
L
t
t
di
s
R
dis
s
R
R
R
R
gap
in
e
V
V
(
23)
V
gap
i
s
o
b
t
a
in
ed
as f
o
llo
w:
in
R
R
R
R
e
R
R
R
R
gap
V
V
dis
ig
dis
s
t
t
di
s
L
dis
R
s
ig
dis
ig
)
1
(
)
2
3
(
(
24)
F
r
om
(
21)
a
nd
(
24)
,
it
i
s
c
l
e
ar
t
ha
t
,
fi
nal
e
qua
t
i
o
n
o
f
gap
cur
r
ent
a
nd
g
a
p
v
o
l
ta
ge
i
n
thi
s
pha
se
i
s
q
u
ite d
i
ff
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
a
t
of
p
resent
ed
i
n
[8
].
E
xp
res
s
io
n
of
g
a
p
cur
r
en
t
a
n
d gap
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
n [
8
]
ca
n no
t d
e
sc
r
i
be
the
d
y
n
am
i
c
be
h
av
i
o
r of sys
t
e
m
ac
cura
t
e
l
y
.
2.
3.
R
e
c
over
y
p
h
a
se
The
r
e
co
ver
y
p
hase
i
s
ha
ppe
n
e
d
dur
in
g
t
h
e
tim
e
in
ter
v
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
3
t
o
t
4
w
hi
ch
i
s
call
e
d
t
re
c
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
l
o
w
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
s
t
o
p
p
e
d
a
n
d
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
e
l
ect
ri
c
pr
o
p
e
rti
e
s
of
t
he
d
i
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
fl
ui
d
a
r
e
r
ecove
r
e
d [1
1]
.
The
sc
he
ma
ti
c
c
i
r
c
u
it
of
t
he ED
M
m
ode
l i
n
t
h
i
s
pha
se
i
s o
b
ta
i
n
ed fr
o
m
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
w
he
n
s
w
itc
h
S
1
i
s
o
f
f
a
n
d
n
o
c
ur
r
e
nt
g
oes thr
o
u
g
h
R
1
a
n
d
R
s
.
So
V
gap
a
n
d
i
ga
p
a
r
e
e
qu
a
l
t
o
z
e
r
o
.
Th
is
pha
se i
s t
o
t
a
lly
missed
in
t
he
m
ode
l
pr
e
s
en
ted
i
n
[
8]
.
Sin
c
e th
e
swit
c
h
1
S
i
s
ope
n,
s
o:
0
0
gap
gap
i
V
(
25)
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
. Pro
f
ile
o
f
V
gap
a
nd
i
ga
p
dur
in
g
o
n
e
spar
k
cyc
l
e
ove
r
time
3
.
S
IMULAT
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
E
D
M
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
a
c
t
o
d
c
p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
l
y
a
n
d
tr
ans
i
stor
i
z
e
d
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
c
ir
c
u
i
t
a
s
pu
lse
g
e
ne
r
a
t
o
r
de
si
g
n
ed
i
n
MA
TL
A
B
a
nd
s
ch
e
m
a
t
ic
d
ia
gr
am
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
igur
e
3.
A
c
cor
d
i
n
g
to
t
he
e
s
tima
t
ion
ob
ta
ine
d
i
n
(
7
)
,
t
r
a
nsfor
m
e
r
r
educ
e
s
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
vo
lt
ag
e
of
250
V
t
o
th
e
i
n
put
vo
l
t
age
of
V
in
a
s
nea
r
a
s
ope
n
ga
p
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
oc
o
f
1
60V
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
s
i
m
u
l
at
i
on
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
ga
p
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
g
a
p
cu
rren
t
f
or
a
s
e
l
ect
ed
m
ac
h
i
ni
ng
p
ro
cess.
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
ed
d
a
t
a
a
r
e
ch
ose
n
f
rom
prev
i
o
us
e
x
p
erim
en
t
a
l
t
e
sts
pr
esen
ted
by
A
.
Y
ahya
.
[1
2
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
op
t
i
m
i
ze
d
isc
h
ar
g
e
c
on
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
nd
base
d
on
t
h
e
e
x
per
i
m
e
nta
l
t
est
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
ED
M proce
ss t
h
rou
gh
m
a
the
m
at
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l (
D
ana D
e
hgh
a
n
i)
87
9
[1
2],
dela
y
t
i
m
e
t
d
is
s
e
t
t
o
2
µs
w
hic
h
i
s
i
n
s
i
gn
i
f
ic
a
n
t
c
o
mp
a
r
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
i
sc
har
g
e
ti
m
e
t
dis
.
It
i
s
clea
r
l
y
se
en
in Fig
ure
4
w
h
ere
simulat
i
on
re
sults a
re
qui
te
cor
relate
d w
i
th
de
sira
ble
pr
ofi
l
e
of
V
gap
a
nd
i
gap
in F
i
gur
e
2.
F
i
gure
3.
S
im
ulat
ion
d
i
a
g
ram
of ED
M
s
ys
te
m
F
i
gure
4.
S
pa
rk
p
rofi
l
e
s for
I
g
=
12.5
A
a
n
d
F
s
=
1
7
.24
KH
Z
4
.
R
ESULT
AND
DI
SC
USSI
ON
A
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
igure
2,
t
he
p
rofi
le
o
f
ED
M
spar
k
dur
i
n
g
o
n
e
cyc
l
e
c
on
s
i
s
t
s
of
t
he
i
n
i
ti
a
l
phas
e
occ
u
rred
d
u
ri
n
g
t
he
tim
e
in
t
e
rval
b
e
t
wee
n
t
1
a
n
d
t
2
,
fo
llow
e
d
b
y
t
he
d
i
s
c
h
arge
pha
se
f
ro
m
t
2
t
o
t
3
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
pha
se
w
h
i
ch
i
s
re
cover
y
f
r
o
m
t
3
t
o
t
4
.
Co
n
f
ormi
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
e
qu
at
io
n
(7
),
s
ma
l
l
di
ff
ere
n
ce
b
et
we
en
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
and
ga
p
vo
ltag
e
i
s
se
lec
t
ed
t
o
ge
t
t
h
e
mo
d
e
l
c
l
ose
t
o
t
he
i
d
eal
p
rof
i
l
e
t
h
r
ou
gh
i
gni
t
i
on
p
h
a
se
.
Not
e
wo
rt
hy
po
int
t
o
m
en
t
i
on
is
t
ha
t
t
o
b
e
t
t
e
r
e
v
a
l
ua
te
t
he
p
roce
d
u
re,
p
r
o
p
ose
d
m
o
d
e
l
did
no
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ed
n
o
i
se
dur
in
g
ED
M
pr
oce
s
s
w
h
ic
h
r
e
su
lts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
t
oc
h
a
st
ic
n
a
t
ure
o
f
t
he
E
D
M
s
pa
rk.
MATLAB
softwar
e
i
s
us
ed
t
o
deve
l
o
p
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
m
ode
l
of
E
D
M
s
ys
te
m
.
S
i
m
ulat
i
o
n
re
sults
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4,
a
s
g
a
p
vol
tage
a
n
d
g
a
p
c
urr
e
nt,
are
a
b
sol
u
te
l
y
sim
ilar
to t
he
m
ode
l
i
ng
pr
ofi
l
e
from
F
i
gure
2.
To
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
te
d
m
ode
l,
p
red
i
ct
ed
M
RRs
f
r
o
m
ser
i
e
s
o
f
si
mu
l
a
ti
ons
a
re
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
wi
th
s
e
r
i
e
s
of
e
xp
erim
ent
a
l
M
RRs
c
a
rrie
d
o
u
t
by
A
.
Y
ahya
[
12]
u
s
i
n
g
s
t
e
el
w
or
kp
i
e
c
e
a
nd
c
o
ppe
r
ele
c
tro
d
e.
P
redic
t
e
d
MR
R
i
s
d
et
ermi
n
e
d
by
in
s
e
r
t
i
ng
si
m
ul
at
ed
d
at
a int
o
eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
(2
6
) ob
ta
in
ed
by t
h
e
sa
me
r
esear
cher in [13].
53
.
1
10
25
.
1
10
33
.
1
10
52
.
3
2
2
4
3
7
d
dis
d
dis
d
dis
s
dis
g
dis
t
t
t
t
t
t
F
t
I
V
MRR
(
26)
wher
e
i
s
ma
terial
p
r
opert
ies
fac
t
or
. F
or
t
he
p
re
sent st
u
dy
,
α con
s
i
d
ere
d
t
o b
e
equa
l
t
o
t
he
one
sele
c
t
ed b
y
[
1
4
]
i
.e
.
,
1
3
12
10
2
J
m
. Equ
ati
o
n (26)
is va
li
d f
o
r
t
dis
u
p
t
o
400
µs
a
nd
t
d
e
qua
l t
o
2
µs
.
A
ll da
t
a
in c
u
rrent
re
sea
r
ch
c
o
n
f
orm t
o
t
hi
s
ran
g
e o
f
v
a
lid
a
t
i
o
ns.
Ta
b
l
e
1
pr
esen
ts
t
he
s
imu
l
at
e
d
(
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
e
d)
M
RR
a
nd
t
he
e
xper
i
m
e
nta
l
(
A
c
tua
l
)
MRR
dur
in
g
s
e
ve
ral
pea
k
g
a
p
c
urrent
s
I
g
,
d
ischar
g
e
tim
es
t
di
s
,
recover
y
t
ime
t
re
c
a
nd
s
p
ar
k
fre
que
nc
ies
F
s
.
The
las
t
c
ol
umn
of
t
h
i
s
tab
l
e
s
how
s
pre
d
i
c
t
e
d
er
ror
w
h
ic
h
is
a
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
be
tw
ee
n
the
e
xp
erimen
t
a
l
and
th
e
si
mu
l
a
t
e
d
M
R
R
und
e
r
ide
n
ti
c
a
l
c
o
ndi
ti
o
n
s.
T
he
a
ve
rage
s
imu
l
a
t
e
d
e
r
r
or
i
s
be
low
o
f
5
.14
%.
I
t
se
en
t
hat
the
s
i
mula
te
d
m
ode
l
has
abi
l
i
t
y
t
o
pred
i
c
t the
MRR w
ith a
cc
ep
ta
b
l
e e
rror
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
874
–
8
81
88
0
Tab
l
e
1.
C
om
p
p
aris
io
n be
tw
ee
n e
xper
i
m
e
nta
l
(A
c
tual)
and
simu
la
t
e
d
(P
r
e
d
ic
t
e
d) MRR
Proc
e
ss
)
(
A
I
g
)
(
s
t
dis
)
(
s
t
rec
)
(
kHz
F
s
min)
/
(
3
mm
MRR
E
r
ro
r (%
)
A
c
t
u
al
P
r
e
d
i
ct
e
d
1
4
2
4
125
4
4
.
4
8
12.
00
2
4
3
4
111.
1
6
6.
0
5
0
.
8
3
3
4
4
4
100
8
7
.
3
6
8.
00
4
4
6
4
83.
33
1
0
9.
3
4
6
.
6
0
5
4
12
4
55.
55
1
3
12.
62
2.
92
6
4
25
4
32.
25
1
5
15.
56
3.
73
7
4
50
6
17.
24
1
7
18.
14
6.
71
8
4
100
12
8
.
7
7
19
19.
52
2.
74
9
4
200
25
4
.
4
1
13
14.
00
7.
69
10
4
400
50
2
.
2
1
12
11.
77
1.
92
11
6
2
4
125
7
6
.
8
7
1.
86
12
6
3
4
111.
1
9
9.
0
1
0
.
1
1
13
6
4
4
100
1
1
11.
07
0.
64
14
6
6
4
83.
33
1
2
13.
94
16.
17
15
6
12
4
55.
55
1
9
18.
97
0.
16
16
6
25
4
32.
25
2
3
23.
49
2.
13
17
6
50
6
17.
24
2
6
26.
44
1.
69
18
6
100
12
8
.
7
7
21
21.
97
4.
62
19
6
200
25
4
.
4
1
23
21.
44
6.
78
20
6
400
50
2
.
2
1
19
18.
07
4.
89
21
8
.
5
3
4
111.
1
11
11.
83
7.
55
22
8
.
5
4
4
100
1
6
15.
44
3.
50
23
8
.
5
6
4
83.
33
2
1
19.
39
7.
67
24
8
.
5
12
4
55.
55
2
3
24.
36
5.
91
25
8
.
5
25
4
32.
25
3
1
30.
87
0.
42
26
8
.
5
50
6
17.
24
3
6
37.
58
4.
39
27
8
.
5
100
12
8
.
7
7
38
40.
46
6.
47
28
8
.
5
200
25
4
.
4
1
33
36.
61
10.
94
29
12.
5
3
4
111.
1
16
14.
54
9.
13
30
12.
5
4
4
100
2
0
21.
17
5.
85
5
.
C
ONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
per,
a
t
i
m
e
doma
i
n
ma
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
odel
of
E
D
M
s
ys
t
e
m
h
as
b
ee
n
deve
lope
d.
T
he
w
ho
le
mode
l
is
s
im
u
l
a
t
ed
i
n
ac
cor
d
a
n
ce
t
o
t
he
E
D
M
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
ons
i
nc
lu
di
n
g
ig
ni
t
i
on,
d
isc
h
a
r
ge
a
nd
re
c
over
y
p
h
a
se
s.
.
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
s
q
u
i
t
e
c
o
r
r
e
la
t
e
d
w
i
th
d
e
s
i
r
a
b
le
s
p
a
rk
p
ro
fi
les.
V
a
l
i
d
it
y
of
t
he
s
im
u
l
a
t
e
d
m
ode
l
is
c
arr
i
e
d
o
u
t
b
y
c
o
m
p
ar
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om
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e
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ntal
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e
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s
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c
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ons re
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ure
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.
J130
0
00.2
5
45.1
5
H
69.
REFE
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tio
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i
ona
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par
t
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lectro
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m
achin
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urn
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Ele
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M
ac
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i
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F
l
y
ba
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C
o
n
v
erte
r
usin
g
U
C
384
2
Curr
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Mo
d
e
P
W
M
Con
t
ro
l
l
e
r
,"
P
roc
eedi
n
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of
t
he
E
lec
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ri
c
a
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n
gine
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p
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p
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w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
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o
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n
d
i
t
s
f
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
ent
s
f
or
d
r
ill
in
g
fi
lm
c
o
o
lin
g
ho
les". The In
t
erna
tio
na
l Jo
ur
na
l
o
f
Adv
an
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anu
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c
t
u
rin
g
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21,
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0
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6
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[4]
M.
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a
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i
ka
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,
"The
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ar
am
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eval
uat
i
o
n
an
d
opt
im
i
z
a
t
i
on
o
f
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ol
ycrys
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a
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n
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i
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i
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ro
-
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tr
od
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h
arg
e
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ac
hini
n
g
a
ssis
te
d
b
y
e
le
ctr
ode
t
oo
l
vibr
at
ion
,"
T
h
e
In
t
e
rna
t
io
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o
u
r
na
l of
Adv
anc
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a
ssis
t
e
d
e
lec
t
r
i
c
a
l
d
i
s
ch
arg
e
m
a
c
h
i
ni
ng
o
f
Ti
–6
Al–
4
V
a
ll
oy
,"
Ma
teri
a
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s a
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nu
f
a
ct
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I
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t
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Elec
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r
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:
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86
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ED
M process thro
u
gh
m
a
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h
e
m
a
t
ica
l
m
ode
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D
a
na D
e
h
g
h
a
n
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88
1
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]
Q
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a
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"I
mp
ac
t
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l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
l
e
ngt
h
on
E
DM
i
n
c
l
i
n
e
d
hole
d
r
il
lin
g
proc
e
s
s,
"
T
h
e
I
n
t
e
rnat
io
n
a
l J
o
urn
a
l
of A
d
va
nce
d
Man
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
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g
T
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t
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"I
nflue
n
c
e
o
f
Jet
F
l
us
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on
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o
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A
cc
ur
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i
n
W
ir
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E
DM
,
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Pr
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ia
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u
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s
e
d
E
lec
t
r
i
c
a
l
D
isc
h
a
r
ge
M
ac
hi
n
i
ng
(
E
D
M
)
us
i
ng
R
L
Ci
r
c
uit,"
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l J
our
n
a
l
of Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
i
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d D
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per
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m
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as
pe
ct
r
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t
i
o
s
lo
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m
a
c
h
i
ni
n
g
u
s
i
ng
m
u
lt
i-
ho
le
d
elec
tr
ode
s,
"
Prec
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s
io
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n
g
i
nee
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o
g
en
i
c
C
o
o
l
i
n
g
o
f
M
icro
E
D
M
D
rilli
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P
ro
c
e
ss
o
n
AIS
I
3
04
S
t
ain
l
ess
Stee
l
,
"
in
In
t
e
rnat
io
na
l
Mech
anic
a
l
En
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
Co
ng
r
e
ss
a
n
d
Expo
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201
6.
A
SME
20
1
6
.
A
mer
i
ca
n
S
o
c
i
et
y
o
f
M
ec
ha
n
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
,
pp.
V
002T
02A
00
9-
V
0
0
2
T0
2A
0
15.
[
1
1
]
W
.
-
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.
H
s
u
a
n
d
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.
-
T
.
C
h
i
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,
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f
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o
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l
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t
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s
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h
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M
ac
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ng
on
S
t
r
e
ss
C
o
n
ce
ntr
a
t
i
on
i
n
T
itan
i
um
Allo
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"
Materials,
v
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9
,
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9
57
,
2
0
1
6
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[12
]
A
.
Ya
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y
a
,
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g
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al
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ont
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a
n
el
ect
ro
d
is
ch
a
r
g
e
m
ac
hin
i
ng
(
E
D
M
)
syste
m
,
"
doct
o
r
a
l
d
i
sser
tat
i
on,
L
oug
h
bor
o
u
g
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
ty,
20
05.
[
1
3
]
A
.
Y
a
hya
a
n
d
C
.
M
a
nn
ing,
"
D
e
ter
m
inat
i
on
of
m
ater
ia
l
r
e
mova
l
ra
t
e
o
f
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l
ect
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-di
s
ch
arg
e
m
ac
hine
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in
g
d
i
m
e
nsi
o
nal
ana
l
y
s
is,
"
J
our
n
a
l
of Phy
s
ic
s
D
:
Applie
d
Phys
ics,
vo
l.
37,
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0
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D
.
D
.
D
i
B
ito
nt
o
, e
t
a
l
.
,
"Theore
tic
al
m
ode
ls
o
f
t
h
e
elec
t
r
ic
al
d
i
s
char
ge
m
achin
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n
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pr
o
c
e
s
s
.
I
.
A
s
i
m
p
l
e
c
a
th
o
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e
er
osi
o
n
m
odel,
"
Jou
r
na
l o
f
ap
p
lie
d
phy
sics,
vo
l.
66,
pp.
409
5-
4
1
03,
1
9
8
9
.
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
D
a
na
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gha
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toma
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o
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rol
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ourse
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ni
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nol
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a
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ode
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.
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ohor,
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.
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i
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e
sea
r
ch
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o
nar,
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a
dar
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ir
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icat
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A
l
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d
ham
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ng
degr
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e
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Biom
ed
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g
i
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eer
i
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ro
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rth
Tec
hnic
a
l
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n
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ver
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os
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r
aq,
in 20
0
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Biom
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gine
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om
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n
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r
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S
A,
i
n
20
1
1
.
H
e
i
s
c
u
r
r
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ntl
y
w
it
h
t
h
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p
a
rt
ment
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l
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g,
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nive
r
s
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kn
o
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H
i
s
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se
a
r
ch
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t
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ests
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nc
l
u
d
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l
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stem
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B,
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w
itch
Mo
de
P
o
w
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r
Sup
p
l
y,
a
nd
T
he
r
m
al
C
on
t
r
o
l
.
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