I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
2
~
1
2
6
0
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v7
i
4
.
pp
1
2
5
2
-
1260
1252
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JP
E
DS
Perf
o
r
m
a
nce
Ana
ly
sis
of P
ho
tov
o
ltaic Inductio
n Mo
t
o
r Drive
for Agricul
ture
P
urpo
se
Nee
t
hu
Ra
j
P
.
R
.
,
Va
s
a
nthi V
.
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
NS
S
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
a
lak
k
a
d
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ap
r
9
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
No
v
1
4
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
26
,
2
0
1
6
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
w
a
ter
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
so
u
rc
e
(
so
lar
)
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
c
h
e
m
ica
l
st
o
ra
g
e
b
a
tt
e
ries
.
In
th
is
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
r
-
in
v
e
rter
c
ircu
it
is
u
se
d
to
d
riv
e
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r.
T
h
e
Co
n
v
e
rter
u
se
d
h
e
re
is
Tw
o
In
d
u
c
to
r
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
(T
IBC),
w
h
ich
c
o
n
sists
o
f
a
re
so
n
a
n
t
tan
k
,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler
re
c
ti
f
ier
a
n
d
a
sn
u
b
b
e
r
c
ircu
it
.
T
IBC
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
t
o
d
riv
e
th
e
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
f
ro
m
P
V
e
n
e
rg
y
.
T
IBC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
is
a
lso
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
c
u
rre
n
t
f
e
d
m
u
l
ti
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
h
a
v
in
g
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
lo
w
in
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
rip
p
le.
C
o
n
v
e
rter sw
it
c
h
e
s
a
re
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
y
ste
re
sis
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
a
n
d
ZCS
re
so
n
a
n
t
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ies
.
S
o
lar
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
f
lu
c
tu
a
tes
a
c
c
o
rd
i
n
g
to
irrad
iatio
n
lev
e
l
o
f
su
n
li
g
h
t
a
n
d
h
e
n
c
e
trac
k
in
g
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
a
t
a
ll
ti
m
e
is
m
a
n
d
a
to
ry
.
S
P
W
M
c
o
n
tr
o
l
w
it
h
th
ird
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
in
jec
ti
o
n
is
u
se
d
to
tri
g
g
e
r
th
e
I
G
B
T
’s
in
th
e
in
v
e
rter.
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
is
o
rien
ted
t
o
a
c
h
iev
e
a
m
o
re
e
ff
icie
n
t,
re
li
a
b
le,
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
f
re
e
a
n
d
c
h
e
a
p
e
r
so
lu
ti
o
n
th
a
n
t
h
e
sta
n
d
a
r
d
o
n
e
s,
th
a
t
u
se
s
DC
m
o
to
rs
o
r
lo
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
rs.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
is
v
e
rif
ied
w
it
h
M
ATLA
B/S
IM
UL
INK
a
n
d
th
e
sy
ste
m
sim
u
latio
n
c
o
n
f
irm
s th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
AC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
co
n
v
er
ter
DC
-
A
C
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
PV
ce
ll
T
I
B
C
-
t
w
o
in
d
u
cto
r
b
o
o
s
t
Z
C
S
-
ze
r
o
cu
r
r
en
t s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
6
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nee
th
u
R
aj
P
.
R
.
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
o
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
NSS C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
C
alic
u
t U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
n
ee
th
u
r
aj
4
2
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
L
ac
k
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
tr
o
u
b
les
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
r
u
r
al
I
n
d
ia.
I
n
d
ia
’
s
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
u
n
d
er
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
,
w
it
h
m
aj
o
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
its
p
o
p
u
lace
s
till
s
u
r
v
i
v
i
n
g
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
.
Hen
ce
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
s
t
welc
o
m
e
an
d
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
i
n
r
u
r
a
l
ar
ea
o
f
I
n
d
ia.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
is
s
u
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
p
u
latio
n
a
n
d
g
lo
b
al
w
ar
m
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t
s
ar
e
d
r
iv
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
l
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
s
o
lar
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
b
en
ef
icial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
P
V
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
th
at
h
av
e
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
a
n
d
h
av
e
n
o
ac
ce
s
s
to
n
a
tio
n
al
g
r
id
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
atter
ies
al
lo
w
s
m
o
to
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
te
m
to
o
p
er
ate
at
its
r
ated
p
o
w
er
ev
en
i
n
an
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
s
o
la
r
r
ad
iatio
n
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
with
b
atter
ies
h
as
lo
w
li
f
e
s
p
an
(
av
er
ag
e
t
w
o
y
ea
r
s
)
w
h
ic
h
i
s
v
er
y
s
m
all
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
l
if
e
o
f
2
0
y
e
ar
s
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el.
So
a
co
n
v
er
ter
in
v
er
ter
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
b
atter
y
.
S
u
ch
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
n
o
t
n
e
w
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
t
h
r
ee
d
ec
ad
es,
b
u
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
co
n
v
er
ter
s
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
ie,
it is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lead
ac
id
b
atter
ies
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
m
er
cia
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
e
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
m
o
to
r
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
s
u
ch
a
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
,
DC
m
o
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
le
s
s
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
m
ai
n
t
en
an
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
co
m
m
u
tato
r
s
an
d
b
r
u
s
h
es
i
n
it.
D
u
e
to
th
i
s
r
ea
s
o
n
DC
m
o
to
r
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
e
d
in
is
o
lated
ar
ea
s
,
w
h
er
e
s
p
ec
ialized
p
er
s
o
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
av
a
ilab
le
f
o
r
it
s
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
.
B
u
t
s
u
c
h
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
to
o
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
[
4
]
-
[
5
]
.
So
it
ca
n
’
t
b
e
u
s
ed
in
p
o
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
.
I
n
[
6
]
P
V
is
in
teg
r
ated
w
ith
f
u
e
l
ce
ll
f
o
r
w
ater
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
t
o
r
Dri
ve
fo
r
A
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
(
N
e
eth
u
R
a
j P
R
)
1253
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
.
B
u
t
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ar
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
f
u
e
l
ce
ll
an
d
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
u
el
ce
ll
i
s
at
m
o
d
er
ate
le
v
el
i
n
I
n
d
ia.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
o
u
t
b
atter
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
th
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
r
iv
e
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
p
o
w
er
r
estrictio
n
s
i
n
[
7
]
.
Du
e
to
th
is
,
it
d
em
an
d
s
th
e
h
ig
h
ef
f
icie
n
t,
lo
w
co
s
t,
r
o
b
u
s
t,
h
ig
h
li
f
e
s
p
an
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
b
ased
b
atter
y
less
w
at
er
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
P
V
p
an
el.
Ma
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
[
8
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
lar
g
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le;
th
ese
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
f
o
r
ce
s
to
p
lace
th
e
lar
g
e
f
i
lter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
at
it
s
in
p
u
t
s
id
e.
B
asicall
y
i
t
is
el
ec
tr
o
ly
tic
i
n
n
at
u
r
e,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
s
m
all
li
f
e
ti
m
e;
t
h
u
s
it
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
li
f
e
s
p
an
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ail
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
f
er
s
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
th
a
n
v
o
lt
ag
e
f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
es,
s
o
it
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
in
d
u
cto
r
at
it
s
in
p
u
t
s
id
e.
T
h
is
i
n
d
u
cto
r
i
ts
el
f
r
ed
u
ce
lar
g
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
t
h
u
s
i
t
eli
m
i
n
at
e
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
lar
g
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
ti
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
class
ica
l
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
t
h
is
k
i
n
d
ar
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
ed
p
u
s
h
p
u
l
l
co
n
v
er
ter
[
9
]
-
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ed
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
co
n
v
er
ter
s
s
till
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
i
k
e
d
u
e
to
leak
a
g
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
ab
le
to
u
t
ilize
t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
s
u
c
h
as
leak
ag
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
w
i
n
d
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
ze
r
o
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
(
Z
C
S).
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler
ci
r
cu
it
a
g
ai
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
n
ee
d
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
tu
r
n
s
r
atio
.
So
a
c
h
ea
p
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
escr
ib
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
&
4
d
escr
ib
es
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
a
teg
y
a
n
d
d
esig
n
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Si
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
en
tire
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
u
s
e
a
s
i
n
g
le
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
i
e
lo
w
co
s
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
an
el
is
f
ed
to
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
s
t
ag
es.
A
D
C
-
DC
t
w
o
i
n
d
u
cto
r
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
(
T
I
B
C
)
s
tag
e
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
an
el
a
n
d
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
D
C
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
T
I
B
C
to
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Sy
s
te
m
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
is
b
ased
o
n
cla
s
s
ical
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
it
u
s
e
s
s
in
e
P
W
M
(
SP
W
M)
s
tr
ateg
y
w
it
h
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
ir
d
Har
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
el
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
r
d
in
ar
y
SP
W
M
an
d
it
ca
n
ce
ls
all
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
a
n
d
its
m
u
ltip
les.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
wo
in
d
u
cto
r
s
at
its
in
p
u
t
s
id
e,
h
en
ce
it
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
w
o
i
n
d
u
cto
r
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
class
ical
T
I
B
C
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
p
er
atin
g
lo
ad
t
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
its
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
ie
T
I
B
C
ca
n
’
t
b
e
o
p
er
ated
in
n
o
lo
ad
o
r
lo
w
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
co
n
d
itio
n
T
I
B
C
in
p
u
t
in
d
u
cto
r
s
ar
e
ch
ar
g
ed
ev
e
n
if
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t.
So
th
e
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ca
n
’
t
tr
a
n
s
f
er
co
m
p
lete
l
y
to
lo
ad
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lts
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
to
r
is
v
ar
iab
le
lo
ad
.
s
o
it
w
ill
d
e
m
a
n
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
at
l
o
w
s
p
ee
d
o
r
at
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
(
s
tar
t
u
p
&
s
to
p
)
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
s
u
c
h
c
o
n
d
itio
n
H
y
s
ter
es
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
s
n
u
b
b
er
is
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
m
ain
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
t
h
i
s
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
th
at
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
s
i
m
p
le
cir
c
u
it,
ea
s
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
f
lu
x
b
alan
ce
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
4
]
,
co
m
m
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
ate
d
r
iv
i
n
g
f
o
r
b
o
th
in
p
u
t s
w
itc
h
es.
On
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
t
u
r
e
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
eq
u
all
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
t
w
o
in
d
u
c
to
r
s
,
th
u
s
its
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
am
p
lit
u
d
e
i
s
h
al
v
ed
at
t
w
ice
th
e
s
w
itch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
n
u
b
b
er
cir
cu
its
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
as
a
n
o
n
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
n
o
u
n
d
esira
b
le
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
P
V
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
e
T
I
B
C
is
o
p
er
ate
d
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
f
ix
ed
d
u
t
y
cy
cle.
Du
r
i
n
g
o
n
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
p
er
io
d
tw
o
r
eso
n
a
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
1)
.
W
h
en
b
o
th
i
n
p
u
t
s
w
itc
h
e
s
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
t
h
en
t
h
e
lea
k
ag
e
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
is
also
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
w
ith
2
)
w
h
en
at
lea
s
t
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
i
s
o
p
en
ed
,
t
h
en
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
.
P
V
C
ell
C
u
r
r
en
t f
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
R
eso
n
a
n
t
tan
k
Vo
ltag
e
d
o
b
ler
r
ec
tif
ier
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
2
5
2
–
1
2
6
0
1254
Fig
u
r
e.
2
Mo
d
if
ied
T
I
B
C
T
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ac
tiv
e
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e.
W
it
h
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
ad
d
ed
s
n
u
b
b
er
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
is
s
til
l
a
p
ath
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
i
n
p
u
t
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
d
ir
ec
tl
y
tr
an
s
f
e
r
r
ed
to
th
e
s
n
u
b
b
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Du
e
to
tu
r
n
o
f
f
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tar
ts
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
s
w
itc
h
es
w
il
l
ag
ain
t
u
r
n
o
n
w
it
h
f
i
x
ed
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
w
h
en
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ea
c
h
es lo
w
er
th
r
es
h
o
l
d
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
n
i
s
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
T
I
B
C
C
o
n
v
er
ter
g
iv
e
n
to
in
v
er
ter
f
ed
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
I
n
v
er
ter
is
o
p
er
ated
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
s
i
n
e
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
(
S
P
W
M)
w
it
h
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
j
ec
tio
n
.
SP
W
M
w
i
th
th
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
j
ec
tio
n
ca
n
ce
ls
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics a
n
d
its
m
u
ltip
les.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
v
er
ter
C
ir
cu
it
3.
CO
NT
RO
L
O
F
T
H
E
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
en
tire
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
asp
ec
ts
.
a.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
,
f
i
x
ed
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
w
itc
h
es.
b.
H
y
s
ter
e
s
is
co
n
tr
o
l
is
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
lo
ad
an
d
s
tar
t
u
p
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Sin
ce
m
o
to
r
i
s
a
v
a
r
iab
le
lo
ad
s
o
it
w
ill
d
e
m
a
n
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
a
t
s
o
m
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
.
(
lo
w
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
tar
t
u
p
/s
to
p
tr
an
s
ien
ts
)
.
So
in
s
u
c
h
co
n
d
itio
n
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
n
t
r
o
ller
alo
n
g
w
ith
f
i
x
ed
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
is
u
s
ed
.
c.
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
alo
n
g
w
it
h
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
V/F
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
s
et
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
an
d
th
u
s
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
MP
P
v
o
ltag
e.
3
.
1
.
F
ix
ed
Dut
y
Cy
cle
Co
ntr
o
l
T
w
o
in
d
u
c
to
r
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
a
m
u
lt
i
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
ie
t
w
o
r
eso
n
an
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
o
c
cu
r
in
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
cc
u
r
r
eso
n
an
ce
,
d
ef
i
n
ite
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
s
in
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
a
y
n
o
lo
n
g
er
o
p
er
ate
at
Z
C
S
co
n
d
it
io
n
,
b
y
alter
in
g
th
e
f
i
x
ed
Du
t
y
c
y
cle
o
r
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
f
i
x
ed
Du
t
y
c
y
cle
is
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
to
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
=
(2
+1
)
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
t
o
r
Dri
ve
fo
r
A
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
(
N
e
eth
u
R
a
j P
R
)
1255
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
t
u
r
n
s
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
3
.
2
.
H
y
s
t
er
esis
Co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
m
o
d
if
ied
T
I
B
C
.
C
lass
ical
T
I
B
C
d
o
esn
’
t
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
h
y
s
t
er
esi
s
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
s
n
u
b
b
er
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
clas
s
ical
T
I
B
C
ca
n
’
t
o
p
er
ate
in
th
e
n
o
lo
ad
o
r
lo
w
lo
ad
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
i
f
ied
T
I
B
C
w
it
h
s
n
u
b
b
er
u
s
e
s
h
y
s
te
r
esis
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
lo
w
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
3
.
3
.
M
P
P
T
Co
ntr
o
ller
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
cu
r
r
en
t
v
s
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
v
s
v
o
lta
g
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
v
ar
ied
w
it
h
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
So
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
i
s
u
s
ed
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
i
ts
s
i
m
p
le
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
f
ast
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
1
5
-
16
]
.
T
h
is
MP
PT
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
v
s
v
o
lta
g
e
cu
r
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
an
el.
3
.
4
.
V/F
Co
ntr
o
ller
(
I
nv
er
t
er
D
riv
e
Co
ntr
o
l
)
On
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
th
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
at,
th
er
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
o
n
th
e
in
v
er
t
er
DC
b
u
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
m
o
to
r
a
t
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
o
w
er
lev
el
.
T
o
s
atis
f
y
t
h
i
s
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
v
/
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
co
n
s
ta
n
t
m
o
to
r
f
l
u
x
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
en
er
ates
n
o
m
i
n
al
to
r
q
u
e
at
an
y
s
p
e
ed
b
elo
w
its
r
ated
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
B
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
e
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
alo
n
g
w
i
th
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
esti
m
ate
s
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
is
d
r
iv
e
s
at
t
h
i
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
A
v
/
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
lcu
la
tes
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
p
atter
n
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
SP
W
M
w
it
h
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
ted
s
in
e
P
W
M
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
t
h
at
b
etter
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
DC
b
u
s
s
u
p
p
ly
.
4.
SYST
E
M
DE
SI
G
N
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
b
elo
w
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
cir
cu
it o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it e
q
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
(
t)
=
(
t)
-
(
t)
(
2
)
=
(
3
)
=V
o
/2
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
2
5
2
–
1
2
6
0
1256
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
p
li
f
ied
cir
cu
it (
R
ef
-
23)
4
.
1
.
Z
CS C
o
n
ditio
n o
f
P
rim
a
ry
Sw
it
ches
W
h
en
b
o
th
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
,
is
also
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
w
it
h
&
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
t
h
is
i
n
ter
v
a
l
=
√
(
5
)
B
u
t
>>>
.
s
o
ef
f
ec
t o
f
ca
n
b
e
n
eg
lecte
d
.
b
ec
o
m
e
s
=
√
(
6
)
Or
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
(
7)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
E
n
er
g
y
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
(
w
h
e
n
b
o
th
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
)
s
o
s
h
o
u
ld
s
ati
s
f
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
½
≥
(
I
in
/2
)
^2
(
8
)
Fro
m
th
i
s
d
esig
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
L
r
is
≤
2
/(
I
in
^2
)
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
L
r
(
L
r
-
m
ax
)
is
s
et
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
(
8
)
.
T
o
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
in
ter
v
al,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
Fs
w
)
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
Frs)
o
f
L
m
an
d
C
r
b
y
a
v
alu
e
o
f
at
lea
s
t 1
.
1
.
T
h
u
s
=
√
≤
(
9
)
W
ith
th
e
s
o
f
t c
o
m
m
u
tatio
n
o
f
,
th
e
Z
C
S o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
Q1
&
Q2
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
eir
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
ti
m
e
.
=
(
1
0
)
4
.
2
.
I
np
ut
I
nd
uct
o
r
Desig
n
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
is
es
u
p
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
lap
ti
m
e
an
d
d
ec
li
n
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
f
f
ti
m
e
o
f
a
n
y
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
w
it
c
h
es
.
Hen
ce
,
h
as
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
w
o
ti
m
e
s
th
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
th
e
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
t
o
r
Dri
ve
fo
r
A
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
(
N
e
eth
u
R
a
j P
R
)
1257
∆
=2
∆
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
r
ip
p
le
is
tak
e
n
as
5
%.
W
h
er
e
&
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ea
c
h
i
n
p
u
t i
n
d
u
cto
r
is
eq
u
al
to
h
alf
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t (
I
in
/2
).
T
h
e
d
es
ig
n
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
n
v
er
ter
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
V
a
l
u
e
I
n
p
u
t
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s L
i
1
&
L
i
2
1
0
0
µ
H
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
L
r
1
.
3
µH
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
z
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
L
m
S
n
u
b
b
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
C
s1
O
u
t
p
u
t
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
me
r
R
e
so
n
a
n
t
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
3
0
8
3
µH
4
.
5
µF
1
.
5
µ
F
N
2
/
N
1
=
2
.
3
5.8
nF
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
S A
ND
DIS
C
USS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
o
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
et
u
p
o
f
en
tire
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
2
6
V
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
V
a
r
r
ay
u
s
in
g
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
as
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
3
5
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
witch
es
w
as
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
a
f
ix
ed
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
an
d
a
H
y
s
ter
e
s
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
its
u
p
p
er
li
m
i
t a
n
d
lo
w
er
li
m
i
t
s
ar
e
3
6
0
an
d
3
4
0
V
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
et
u
p
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
7
b
)
av
er
ag
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
1
1
.
8
A
.
T
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
w
o
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
its
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
e
is
5
.
4
A
.
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
c)
.
T
h
e
Z
C
S
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
s
w
i
t
ch
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
d)
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
th
a
t
b
o
th
tu
r
n
o
n
&
t
u
r
n
o
f
f
o
cc
u
r
s
at
al
m
o
s
t
Z
C
S.
So
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
tu
r
n
o
n
&
o
f
f
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
e)
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
also
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
Z
C
S
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
u
n
d
er
Z
C
S
co
n
d
itio
n
allo
w
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
a
s
t
r
ec
o
v
er
y
d
io
d
es
in
s
tea
d
o
f
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
s
i
lico
n
ca
r
b
id
e
o
n
es,
t
h
u
s
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
ea
c
h
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
h
as
a
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
at
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
th
er
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
b
o
th
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
t
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
to
g
eth
er
(
I
PV
)
,
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
r
ip
p
le
am
p
lit
u
d
e
to
h
al
f
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
o
n
es
i
s
s
ee
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
t
h
e
I
n
d
u
ct
io
n
Mo
to
r
Dr
iv
e
h
as
s
i
m
u
lated
o
n
th
e
M
A
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
w
i
th
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
.
S
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
i
n
v
er
ter
is
ta
k
en
a
s
2
KHz
.
Mo
to
r
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
:
5
HP
,
4
p
o
le,
1
8
0
0
r
p
m
,
f
l
u
x
=
(
1
/6
0
)
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
P
V
cu
r
r
en
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
itiall
y
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
v
er
y
s
m
all
(
d
u
e
t
o
in
er
tia
it
ca
n
’
t
r
u
n
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
s
p
ee
d
)
,
it
tak
e
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e
to
r
ea
ch
s
tead
y
s
tat
e.
A
t
ti
m
e
t=3
0
s
ec
,
a
s
m
all
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
p
ee
d
d
u
e
to
ch
an
g
e
in
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
is
m
ad
e
t
o
ch
an
g
e
at
t=
3
0
s
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
8
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
P
V
cu
r
r
en
t 3
A
&
4
A
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
2
5
2
–
1
2
6
0
1258
Vo
lt
a
g
e
(
V)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
a
.
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
Curre
nt
(
A)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Curre
nt
(
A)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
b
.
T
o
t
al
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
Fig
u
r
e
7
c
.
I
n
d
u
cto
r
’
s
i
n
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
Curre
nt
(A
)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
.
Z
C
S c
o
n
d
it
io
n
o
n
t
h
e
in
p
u
t s
w
i
tch
Up
to
3
0
Sec,
its
s
p
ee
d
is
1
4
6
0
r
p
m
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
af
ter
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
MP
P
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
P
V
v
o
lta
g
e)
is
4
9
Hz.
Af
ter
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
ch
a
n
g
es
to
1
6
0
0
r
p
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
5
4
Hz.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
is
m
ad
e
to
ch
a
n
g
e
at
3
0
Sec,
Mp
p
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ill
cli
m
b
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
8
b
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
esti
m
ated
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ie
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
C
en
tr
if
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
i
s
li
k
e
f
a
n
lo
ad
.
So
lo
ad
t
o
r
q
u
e
T
=
K
.
it
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8
c
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
W
M
w
it
h
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
d
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
o
d
u
lati
n
g
w
a
v
e
w
it
h
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
P
V
p
o
w
er
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
ir
r
ad
ia
tio
n
lev
el
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8
e
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
p
o
w
er
i
s
c
h
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
1
4
1
0
W
to
1
8
4
0
W
at
3
0
s
ec
o
n
d
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
f
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
Up
to
3
0
s
,
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
is
1
3
5
0
W
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
is
ch
an
g
es
to
1
7
6
0
W
at
3
0
s
,
d
u
e
to
ch
an
g
e
in
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
ea
c
h
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
t
o
r
Dri
ve
fo
r
A
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
(
N
e
eth
u
R
a
j P
R
)
1259
Sp
ee
d
(
rp
m
)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
F
re
qu
ency
(
H
z)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
a
.
Sp
ee
d
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
F
ig
u
r
e
8
b
.
Ou
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
o
rque
(
N
m
)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
c
.
L
o
ad
to
r
q
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
d
.
T
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
j
ec
ted
m
o
d
u
lati
n
g
w
a
v
e
P
o
w
er
(
W)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
P
o
w
er
(
W)
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
e
.
I
n
p
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
s
o
lar
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
f
.
Ou
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
co
n
v
er
ter
i
n
v
er
ter
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
is
a
n
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
P
V
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
w
as
co
n
ce
i
v
ed
to
b
e
a
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
v
ia
b
le
s
o
lu
t
io
n
h
a
v
i
n
g
lo
w
co
s
t,
h
ig
h
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
T
I
B
C
c
o
n
v
er
ter
u
s
ed
h
er
e
h
a
s
lo
w
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
lo
w
co
s
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
tep
-
u
p
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
T
h
e
m
u
l
ti r
eso
n
an
t
tan
k
p
r
o
v
id
es h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
a
n
d
ab
s
o
r
b
s
th
e
p
ar
asit
i
c
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
B
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler
at
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
id
e,
th
e
t
u
r
n
s
r
atio
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
u
ld
b
e
h
alv
ed
.
W
ith
th
is
T
I
B
C
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
2
6
V
o
lts
is
b
o
o
s
ted
to
3
5
0
v
o
lts
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
m
o
to
r
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
u
n
d
er
v
/f
s
tr
ate
g
y
.
Her
e
SP
W
M
w
it
h
th
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
j
ec
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l is
u
s
ed
.
MP
P
T
c
o
n
tr
o
l is p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
th
e
P
V
ce
ll
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
2
5
2
–
1
2
6
0
1260
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
e
s
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
w
a
ter
p
u
m
p
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
P
V
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
to
r
ag
e
b
atter
y
.
U
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
T
I
B
C
co
n
v
er
ter
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ize
an
d
h
en
ce
co
s
t
i
s
al
s
o
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
I
B
C
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
an
d
w
il
l
also
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
g
r
ad
u
all
y
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Ha
rso
n
o
,
“
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
w
a
ter
p
u
m
p
sy
st
em
”
,
P
h
.
D.
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
De
p
t.
In
tell
.
M
e
c
h
.
S
y
st.
En
g
.
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
Ko
c
h
i
Un
iv
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
K
o
c
h
i,
Ja
p
a
n
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
3
.
[2
]
M
.
Ch
u
n
ti
n
g
,
M
.
B.
R.
C
o
rre
a
,
a
n
d
J.O.
P
.
P
i
n
t
o
,
“
T
h
e
IEE
E
2
0
1
1
i
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
f
u
tu
re
e
n
e
rg
y
c
h
a
l
len
g
e
-
Req
u
e
st
fo
r
p
ro
p
o
sa
ls”
,
i
n
P
r
o
c
.
IF
EC,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
–
24
[3
]
D.
T
sc
h
a
n
z
,
H.
L
o
v
a
tt
,
A
.
V
e
z
z
in
i,
a
n
d
V
.
P
e
rre
n
o
u
d
,
“
A
mu
lt
i
-
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
a
re
d
u
c
e
d
c
o
st,
so
la
r
p
o
we
re
d
,
w
a
ter
p
u
mp
”
,
i
n
P
r
o
c
.
I
EE
E
IS
IE
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
5
6
8
–
5
7
2
[4
]
G
.
T
e
ro
d
e
,
K.
H
a
m
e
y
e
r,
a
n
d
R.
Be
l
m
a
n
s,
“
se
n
so
rle
ss
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
ma
g
n
e
t
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
mo
to
r
fo
r
PV
p
o
we
re
d
wa
ter
p
u
mp
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
t
h
e
e
x
ten
d
e
d
k
a
lma
n
fi
lt
e
r”
,
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
Driv
e
s,
1
9
9
9
.
Ni
n
e
th
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
(Co
n
.
p
u
b
l.
No
.
4
6
8
),
p
p
.
3
6
6
-
3
7
0
,
1
9
9
9
[5
]
M
.
Du
b
e
y
,
S
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
a
n
d
R.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
“
S
o
la
r
p
v
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
wa
t
e
r
p
u
mp
in
g
sy
ste
m
e
mp
lo
y
in
g
p
ms
m
d
riv
e
”
,
in
El
e
c
trica
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
(
S
CEE
CS
),
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
[6
]
A
.
B.
C.
S
.
B.
S
lam
a
a
n
d
A
c
h
rif
,
“
Eff
icie
n
t
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
rid
(p
v
-
fc
)
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
se
p
a
ra
te
m
p
p
t
c
o
n
tro
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
”
,
IJ
CS
NS
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
S
e
c
u
rity
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
6
0
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
M
.
A
.
V
it
o
ri
n
o
,
M
.
B.
R.
C
o
rre
a
,
C
.
B.
Ja
c
o
b
in
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
N.
L
im
a
,
“
A
n
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
u
m
p
in
g
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
2
–
1
1
7
0
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
W
.
L
i,
L
.
F
a
n
,
Y.
Zh
a
o
,
X
.
He
,
D.
X
u
,
a
n
d
B.
W
u
,
“
Hig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
a
n
d
h
ig
h
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
f
u
e
l
c
e
ll
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
a
c
ti
v
e
c
la
m
p
f
l
y
b
a
c
k
f
o
r
w
a
rd
c
o
n
v
e
rter
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
t
ro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
9
–
6
1
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
T
.
J.
L
ian
g
,
R.
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
J.
F
.
C
h
e
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
J.
T
z
e
n
g
,
“
Bu
c
k
-
typ
e
c
u
rr
e
n
tf
e
d
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
wit
h
Z
C
S
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
in
P
ro
c
.
IE
EE
Re
g
io
n
1
0
C
o
n
f
.
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
.
[1
0
]
R.
S
a
m
u
e
l
Ra
jes
h
Ba
b
u
,
“
P
u
sh
-
Pu
ll
C
o
n
v
e
rter
F
e
d
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
In
v
e
rter
f
o
r
Re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
a
n
d
M
o
to
r
L
o
a
d
”
,
i
n
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r el
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s
”
V
o
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
2
6
0
~
2
6
7
[1
1
]
R.
Y.
Ch
e
n
T
.
J.
L
i
a
n
g
,
J.F
.
Ch
e
n
,
R
L
L
in
,
a
n
d
K
.
C.
Tse
n
g
,
“
S
tu
d
y
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
c
u
rre
n
t
-
f
e
d
f
u
ll
-
b
rid
g
e
b
o
o
st
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
z
e
ro
-
c
u
rre
n
t
sw
it
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
8
–
1
2
2
6
,
Ju
l
.
/A
u
g
.
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
S
.
R.
Bo
w
e
s an
d
A
.
M
id
o
u
n
,
“
S
u
b
o
p
ti
m
a
l
sw
it
c
h
in
g
stra
teg
ie
s f
o
r
m
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
c
o
n
tro
l
led
P
W
M
i
n
v
e
rter d
riv
e
s”
.
[1
3
]
L
.
Ya
n
a
n
d
B.
L
e
h
m
a
n
,
“
Iso
la
t
e
d
two
-
in
d
u
c
t
o
r
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
wit
h
o
n
e
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
re
”
,
in
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E
A
p
p
l.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
f
.
Ex
p
o
.
,
2
0
0
3
,
p
p
.
8
7
9
–
8
8
5
[1
4
]
Ja
n
g
,
“
Tw
o
-
b
o
o
st co
n
v
e
rter”
,
U.S
.
P
a
ten
t
6
2
3
9
5
8
4
,
M
a
y
2
9
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
5
]
A
h
m
e
d
m
.
A
tallah
,
A
l
m
o
a
ta
z
y
.
A
b
d
e
laz
iz,
a
n
d
Ra
ih
a
n
S
.
Ju
m
a
a
h
,
“I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
e
rtu
rb
a
n
d
o
b
se
rv
e
m
p
p
t
o
f
p
v
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
d
irec
t
c
o
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
u
sin
g
b
u
c
k
a
n
d
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rters
”
,
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
&
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
f
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
in
sh
a
m
s U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ca
iro
,
Eg
y
p
t
[1
6
]
G
u
d
ime
tl
a
Ra
m
e
sh
,
Ka
ri
V
a
sa
v
i,
S
.
L
a
k
sh
m
i
S
iri
sh
a
“
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
c
e
ll
f
e
d
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
u
si
n
g
M
P
P
T
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s,
V
o
l
.
5
,
No
.
2
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
~
2
1
0
[1
7
]
N.
Ba
rso
u
m
,
“
Imp
lem
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
a
p
ro
t
o
typ
e
fo
r
a
tr
a
d
it
io
n
a
l
so
la
r
tra
c
k
in
g
sy
ste
m
”
,
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
im
u
latio
n
2
0
0
9
.
E
M
S
'
0
9
.
T
h
ir
d
UK
S
im
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
,
p
p
.
2
3
–
3
0
,
N
o
v
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
P.
A
n
d
ra
d
a
a
n
d
J.
Ca
stro
,
“
S
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
wa
ter
p
u
m
p
in
g
sy
s
tem
u
sin
g
a
n
e
w
l
in
e
a
r
a
c
tu
a
t
o
r
”
,
in
G
A
ECE
,
Driv
e
s
G
ro
u
p
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
Co
m
m
u
tate
d
UP
C
De
p
a
rt
-
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
EP
S
V
i
lan
o
v
a
Av
e
n
u
e
V
icto
rBa
lag
u
e
s /n
,
0
8
8
0
0
.
[1
9
]
T
.
Esra
m
a
n
d
P
.
Ch
a
p
m
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
rra
y
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
tra
c
k
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s”
,
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
–
4
4
9
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
7
.
[2
0
]
M
.
Ca
c
c
iato
,
A
.
Co
n
so
l
i,
a
n
d
V
.
Crisa
f
u
ll
i,
“
A
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
i
n
d
c
/d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
i
n
sin
g
le
m
o
d
u
le
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
in
In
d
u
strial
E
lec
-
tro
n
ics
(IS
I
E),
2
0
1
0
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
,
p
p
.
550
–
5
5
5
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
0
[2
1
]
P.
W
o
lf
s
a
n
d
Q.
L
i,
“
An
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
re
so
n
a
n
t
h
a
lf
b
ri
d
g
e
d
u
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
in
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
a
n
d
d
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s mo
d
e
s”
,
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ialists Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
0
0
2
.
p
e
sc
0
2
.
2
0
0
2
IEE
E
3
3
rd
A
n
n
u
a
l
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
3
–
1
3
1
8
v
o
l
.
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
2
]
Jo
ã
o
V
icto
r
M
a
p
u
ru
n
g
a
Ca
ra
c
a
s,
S
tu
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
G
u
i
lh
e
rm
e
d
e
Ca
rv
a
lh
o
F
a
rias
,
S
tu
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
L
u
is
F
e
li
p
e
M
o
re
ira
T
e
ix
e
i
ra
,
S
tu
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
a
n
d
L
u
iz
A
n
to
n
i
o
d
e
S
o
u
z
a
Rib
e
i
r
o
,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
h
ig
h
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
,
h
ig
h
li
f
e
ti
m
e
,
a
n
d
L
o
w
-
c
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
a
n
A
u
to
n
o
o
m
o
u
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
w
a
t
e
rp
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
ste
m
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
y
io
n
s
,
Vo
l.
5
0
N
o
.
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
/F
e
b
ru
a
r
y
2
0
1
4
[2
3
]
Bo
Yu
a
n
,
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
Xu
Ya
n
g
,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
Xi
a
n
g
ju
n
Zen
g
,
Ja
so
n
Du
a
n
,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
Je
rry
Zh
a
i,
a
n
d
Do
n
g
h
a
o
L
i
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Hig
h
S
tep
-
u
p
C
u
rre
n
t
-
F
e
d
M
u
lt
ires
o
n
a
n
t
DC
–
DC Co
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
L
o
w
Circu
latin
g
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Zero
-
Cu
rre
n
t
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
A
ll
A
c
t
iv
e
S
w
it
c
h
e
s”
,
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
stri
a
l
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
f
e
b
ru
a
r
y
2
0
1
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.