In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2182~
21
89
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2182-2189
2182
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
G
e
netic algorithm
to im
prove p
ow
er output of photovoltaic
system under par
t
ial shaded condition
A
b
d
a
l
l
a E
l
ti
g
a
n
i
Ib
r
ah
im,
N
u
rsyariz
a
l
M
oh
d
N
o
r
,
Il
lan
i
B
in
t
i
M
oh
d Na
w
i
,
M
oh
d
Fa
k
h
iz
an
R
oml
i
e,
Kh
airu
l N
i
s
a
k
Mohd
h
asan
Department of
E
l
ectrical
&
Elect
roni
c Eng
i
neering,
U
n
i
versiti
T
ek
nologi PETRONAS, Mal
a
ys
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
A
pr 15,
2
0
1
9
Re
vise
d Ju
n 1
9
,
2019
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
16,
201
9
Th
e
P
a
rtial
S
h
a
d
ed
C
on
di
tio
n
(
P
S
C
)
i
s
a
p
roces
s
of
non
-optim
al
pow
er
capt
u
re
i
n
phot
o
v
olt
a
ic
(
PV)
sy
s
t
em;
i
t
w
ill
happen
w
hen
one
o
r
a
l
l
t
h
e
P
V
so
lar
cell
s
g
et
s
h
a
d
e
d
by
e
x
t
ern
a
l
fact
ors
.
T
his
p
h
eno
m
enon
m
a
k
e
s
a
s
u
d
d
e
n
chan
ge
i
n
cel
l
irrad
i
ance
and
lea
d
t
o
n
o
n
-
opti
m
a
l
pow
er
cap
tu
re
a
n
d
r
edu
ces
th
e
g
e
nerat
e
d
pow
er
i
n
PV
s
yst
e
m
s
.
Cell
und
e
r
P
S
C
g
en
erates
o
ne
g
l
obal
peak
(
G
P
)
an
d
m
a
ny
lo
cal
p
eak
s
(LPs
),
b
u
t
t
he
t
rack
in
g
of
G
P
u
n
der
(PSCs
)
ef
f
ecti
v
ely
are
still
a
big
ch
all
e
nge
t
o
t
h
e
res
e
a
r
ch
ers.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er,
F
u
zzy
Lo
gi
c
Contro
l
(F
LC)
an
d
optim
ized
F
LC
a
l
g
o
r
ithm
s
w
ere
dev
e
lop
e
d
t
o
track
th
e
PV
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
P
S
Cs
.
Th
e
confi
g
u
r
ation
o
f
b
ot
h
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
s
are
des
i
g
n
ed,
s
i
m
u
lat
e
d
and
ev
alu
a
t
e
d
us
in
g
M
A
TLAB/S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
a
nd
t
he
ir
perf
o
r
man
ce
was
co
m
p
ared
w
ith
o
t
h
e
r
l
i
t
e
ratu
re
t
echn
i
q
u
es
t
o
s
t
u
dy
thei
r
capab
il
ity
t
o
track
t
he
M
P
P
T
u
nder
P
S
Cs.
P
r
op
osed
GA-F
L
C
ach
iev
ed
0
.7
S
as
t
rack
in
g
time
t
o
f
ind
a
n
d
track
t
he
G
l
o
b
a
l
P
eak
o
f
Max
i
m
u
m
p
ow
e
r
P
oi
nt
(GM
P
P
)
und
er
P
S
C
s
an
d
the
us
age
of
b
u
c
k/
boo
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
i
n
th
is
t
echn
i
qu
e
achi
e
ved
98.
5%
o
f
track
in
g
a
ccu
ra
cy
.
GA
-FLC
s
hows
g
o
o
d
d
yn
ami
c
perf
o
r
man
ce
in
t
erm
s
o
f
t
r
acki
ng
accu
racy
a
nd
c
om
pl
exity
u
nd
er
PS
Cs
com
p
are
d
t
o other techn
i
q
u
es
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Fuz
z
y lo
g
i
c
co
ntr
o
l
l
e
r
(
FLC)
G
e
ne
tic
al
gori
t
h
m
(GA
)
M
a
x
i
mu
m
powe
r
p
o
i
nt
t
ra
ck
in
g
(MPP
T)
Part
i
a
l
sh
ad
ed
c
o
ndi
ti
o
n
s (P
SC
)
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
A
bda
lla
E
l
t
i
g
a
n
i Ibr
a
h
i
m,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
& El
ectro
nic
E
n
g
i
n
e
erin
g,
Un
iv
ersit
i
T
ekn
o
lo
gi
P
ETRO
NAS,
32
6
10,
Se
ri Isk
anda
r,
P
erak,
Ma
la
ysia
.
Em
ail:
abd
o
tig
a
n
i1
1@
gm
ai
l.com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
S
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
ovolt
a
i
c
(
PV)
sy
st
e
m
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
mo
s
t
f
a
m
ou
s
an
d
mo
dern
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
ie
s
ln
t
he
w
orld,
bec
a
u
s
e
i
t
i
s
c
l
e
a
n,
a
bu
nda
n
t
,
no
i
s
e
fre
e
,
and
frie
nd
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
en
viro
nme
n
t
com
p
are
d
t
o
ot
her
so
urc
e
s
[1,
2]
.
The
ou
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
(
P
)
w
ith
r
espe
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
pa
ne
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge
(
V
)
i
s
e
q
u
al
t
o
zer
o
a
t
M
ax
im
um
P
ower
P
oi
n
t
(
MPP
)
in
P
V
syste
m
s.
T
he
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
S
h
a
ded
C
o
n
d
i
t
ion
(P
S
C
)
is
a
p
roce
ss
of
n
o
n
-o
pt
ima
l
p
ow
e
r
captu
re
i
n
p
hot
ovo
lt
ai
c
(PV
)
s
y
s
t
e
m;
it
wi
ll
h
a
p
p
e
n
wh
e
n
o
ne
o
r
a
l
l
t
h
e
PV
s
ol
ar
c
e
l
l
s
g
e
t
s
h
a
de
d
b
y
ext
e
rn
al
f
ac
to
rs.
Th
is
phe
n
o
me
no
n
m
a
ke
s
a
sud
d
e
n
c
ha
nge
i
n
c
e
ll
i
r
rad
i
a
n
c
e
a
nd
l
e
a
d
t
o
no
n-o
p
tima
l
p
ow
er
cap
tur
e
a
n
d
reduc
es
t
he
g
e
n
er
ate
d
pow
e
r
i
n
P
V
s
ystem
s
[3]
.
C
e
l
l
u
n
d
e
r
P
S
C
g
e
n
e
r
at
es
one
g
l
o
bal
pea
k
(
G
P
)
and
m
a
ny
loca
l
pea
k
s
(L
P
s
),
but
t
he
t
rac
k
in
g
o
f
G
P
unde
r
(P
S
C
s)
e
ffe
ct
i
v
el
y
are
st
ill
a
b
i
g
cha
l
le
nge
t
o
t
h
e
rese
arc
h
ers
[4-8]
.
N
ume
r
ous
o
f
MP
P
T
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
ha
ve been
c
lass
ifie
d
i
n
t
rac
k
i
ng the
M
P
P
T
under
P
S
Cs,
i
n
to
t
r
a
d
iti
ona
l
alg
o
ri
t
h
ms
[
9-11],
in
tel
l
i
ge
n
t
a
l
gor
it
hms
[
12-
1
5
]
an
d
hybr
i
d
a
l
g
o
rithm
s
[16-
22]
.
The
L
P
s
un
de
r
P
S
C
ca
n
be
trac
ke
d
e
f
fic
i
e
n
t
l
y
a
n
d
a
cc
ur
atel
y
usi
n
g
co
nve
n
t
i
o
nal,
s
o
f
t
com
pu
ti
n
g
o
r
hy
pe
r
MP
P
T
a
l
g
or
it
hm
s.
W
he
rea
s
,
G
P
under
(P
SCs)
can o
nl
y
b
e
t
rac
k
e
d
b
y
s
o
ft
o
r
h
y
p
e
r
tec
h
n
i
que
s
a
n
d
trac
k
in
g
s
p
eed
a
n
d
e
ffic
i
e
n
c
y
a
re
s
t
ill
a
bi
g
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
to
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
hers.
The
r
efore,
a
n
effec
t
ive
M
P
P
T
t
e
ch
ni
qu
e
sh
ou
ld
b
e
c
a
r
ri
e
d
o
ut
t
o
t
r
ac
k
t
h
e
s
e
pea
k
s
effec
t
i
v
e
l
y a
n
d a
ccur
a
te
ly i
n P
V
system
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
G
e
net
i
c
al
g
o
r
ithm
to
im
p
r
ove
po
we
r o
u
t
pu
t of ph
otov
olt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
un
der
…
(Abd
a
lla El
tig
a
n
i
Ibr
a
h
i
m
)
2
183
Base
d
on
F
i
g
u
r
e
1,
t
he
e
q
u
i
v
alen
t
c
i
rc
u
i
t
of
a
P
V
m
odel
c
onsis
t
s
o
f
a
pho
t
o
c
u
rren
t
,
diod
e
,
p
a
r
al
l
e
l
re
si
sto
r
w
hi
ch
r
e
p
res
e
n
t
s
a
l
e
a
k
ag
e
c
u
rre
n
t
,
a
n
d
se
ri
e
s
r
es
isto
r
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
n
in
t
e
rnal
r
es
istanc
e
to
t
he
curr
ent f
l
ow.
F
i
gure
1.
Equ
i
v
ale
n
t c
i
r
c
u
it o
f
P
V
cell
The
o
u
tp
ut c
ur
re
nt
e
q
u
at
i
on i
s
gi
v
en
b
y
[2
3]
.
IN
I
N
I
exp
1
(
1
)
wher
e
i
s
the
num
ber
of
s
eries
resi
stance
c
ells,
i
s
t
h
e
nu
mb
er
o
f
p
a
ra
ll
el
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
ce
l
l
s
an
d
i
s
t
h
e
para
l
l
e
l
r
e
s
is
ta
nce
,
w
hi
c
h
is v
e
ry hi
gh,
s
o, its
c
urrent
can
b
e
ne
g
lec
t
e
d
.
The
term
(
1) c
an
b
e sim
p
lifie
d
as
II
I
e
x
p
1
(
2
)
wher
e
i
s
the
e
l
ectr
o
n
i
c
cha
r
ge
(
=
1
.
6
×
10
),
i
s
Bol
t
zmann
’
s
c
o
nst
a
nt
(
=
1
.
3
8
×
10
J
/
K
)
,
i
s
t
h
e
idea
l fac
t
or
of
the
di
o
d
e
(A
=
1
.
6
),
va
r
ies w
ith
the
c
ha
n
g
e
i
n
t
em
per
a
ture
a
n
d
i
s
g
i
ve
n b
y
I
I
ex
p
/
/
(
3
)
wher
e
i
s
the
ba
nd
ga
p
ene
r
gy
of
t
he
s
em
ico
n
duc
t
o
r
a
n
d
i
s
th
e
satura
ti
on
curr
en
t
o
f
t
he
d
i
o
de
a
t
2
5
º
C,
w
h
ic
h is c
alc
u
l
a
te
d b
y
I
/
(
4
)
wher
e
a
nd
sc
a
r
e
t
he
o
pe
n-c
i
rc
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
and
sh
ort-c
i
rcu
i
t
c
u
rre
nt
o
f
th
e
PV
m
odu
le
a
t
STC
(
=
2
5
º
C
,
=
1
00
0
/
).
I
I
K
I
T
T
G
(
5
)
wher
e
i
s
the
shor
t
-
circuit
current
t
em
per
a
ture
c
oefficient
of
t
he
c
e
ll.
a
n
d
a
re
t
h
e
c
el
l
t
e
mperat
u
r
e
a
n
d
t
h
e ref
e
re
nc
e t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e,
r
esp
e
c
t
iv
ely
.
is the
re
l
a
t
i
v
e
irra
di
a
n
ce
co
e
f
ficie
n
t
unde
r S
T
C [2
3].
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
DOLOGY
2.1.
FL
C based
M
PPT
s
tru
c
tu
re
F
L
C
ha
s
w
i
de
r
ange
o
f
P
V
s
ystem
s
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns,
it
c
a
n
p
l
a
y
a
s
M
P
P
t
r
c
ker
u
nde
r
P
S
Cs
s
i
n
ce
it
ha
s
the
a
dva
n
t
a
g
e
s
s
uch
as
r
o
bust,
r
elati
v
e
l
y
s
i
mple
t
o
de
s
i
gn
a
nd
i
t
onl
y
re
q
u
i
r
e
th
e
kn
owl
e
dg
e
of
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
[1
6].
I
n
t
his
te
c
h
n
i
que
,
base
d
on
t
h
e
c
h
ara
c
t
erist
i
c
o
f
P
V
p
a
ne
l
,
a
F
L
C
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
b
y
G
A
,
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
t
r
a
c
k
the
M
P
P
of
t
he
m
od
ul
e
un
der
P
S
C.
T
he
p
roc
e
s
s
o
f
F
L
C
c
a
n
b
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
ed
i
n
t
o
th
ree
st
ag
es,
f
u
zzi
fi
c
a
t
i
on,
r
u
l
e
eva
l
ua
tio
n
a
n
d
defuz
z
i
f
ica
t
i
o
n
an
d
it
ha
s
t
w
o
i
npu
ts
a
n
d
one
o
u
t
p
ut
.
The
i
npu
t
a
n
d
ou
tpu
t
v
a
r
iab
l
es
a
r
e
con
v
er
t
e
d i
n
t
o
li
ngu
is
t
i
c
va
ria
b
le
s ba
se
d o
n
t
he
m
em
bership
fun
c
tio
ns o
f (6)
,
(
7),
and
(8)
respec
tive
l
y
[1
6
]
.
ΔV
V
V
(
6
)
ΔP
P
P
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
8
2
– 2
189
2
184
D
∑
µ
∑
µ
(
8
)
The
in
p
u
ts
a
re
t
he
c
ha
n
g
e
i
n
t
he
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
(
Δ
V
),
cha
nge
i
n
the
p
o
w
e
r
(ΔP
)
a
nd
t
h
e
ou
tpu
t
v
ar
i
a
b
l
e
is
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
.
F
ive
fuzz
y
le
v
e
ls
a
re
u
se
d
f
o
r
i
npu
ts
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
va
r
i
a
b
les
:
N
B
(ne
g
a
tive
big)
,
N
S
(
ne
gat
i
v
e
s
m
a
l
l),
ZE
(
zero),
P
S
(posi
tiv
e
sm
all),
a
n
d
P
B
(
po
si
t
i
ve
b
i
g
)
as
s
how
n
in
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he
M
F
s
o
f
the
in
p
u
t
varia
b
l
e
s;
b
o
t
h
Δ
P
a
nd
ΔV
M
F
s
a
re
i
n
t
r
ia
ng
u
l
a
r
f
orm
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
F
o
f
th
e
ou
tp
ut
(
d
u
ty
c
y
c
le
s
t
e
p
si
ze
Δ
D), which
i
s als
o
in tr
ia
n
gular
f
or
m.
(a)
(b)
(c)
F
i
gure
2.
T
he
M
e
m
be
rsh
i
p fu
nc
ti
on o
f
t
he in
p
u
t
va
r
ia
b
l
e (
a
)
(ΔV
),
(
b)
(
ΔP
)
and ou
t
p
u
t
var
i
a
b
l
e
(Δ
D
)
The
m
a
x
i
mum
p
o
w
e
r
in
t
he
P
-V
c
urve
o
f
P
V
c
ell
c
a
n
be
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
w
hen
|
Δ
P
/
ΔV|
equa
l
t
o
z
e
r
o.
A
s
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gure
3, t
he o
pe
rat
i
n
g
p
oi
n
t
c
a
n
be m
ove
d
fr
om righ
t
t
o left a
l
ong
t
h
e
P
-
V
c
u
rve,
t
her
e
fore
, t
he
a
lgor
it
h
m
has
t
o
a
d
d
a
l
a
r
g
e
Δ
D
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
t
h
e
M
P
P
i
f
t
h
e
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
A
o
r
B
,
o
r
a
d
d
i
n
g
a
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
Δ
D
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
t
h
e
M
P
P
i
f
t
h
e
opera
tin
g
p
o
i
n
t
in
C
o
r
D
.
T
he
s
ig
n
a
l
of
Δ
D
de
pe
nd
s
on
t
h
e
oper
a
t
i
ng
po
i
n
t
in
t
he
P
V
curve
,
f
or
e
xam
p
le
i
f
the
ope
rat
i
n
g
p
o
i
n
t
in
t
he
r
igh
t
s
i
d
e
of
M
P
P
(
po
int
D
or
B
),
t
h
e
ΔD
w
i
ll
be
p
os
i
t
i
v
e
val
u
e
and
if
t
he
o
p
e
ra
t
i
n
g
po
int in the le
f
t
s
i
de of
MP
P (po
i
nt A
or
C), the ΔD
w
il
l
b
e
ne
ga
t
i
ve
v
a
l
ue
. Ba
se
d on this
c
once
p
t, a com
ple
t
e
set of fuz
z
y
r
ule
s
f
or
t
he pr
o
pose
d
F
LC
a
re summ
a
r
i
zed
i
n
Tab
l
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
go
ri
th
m
t
o
i
m
pro
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
put
of
p
hot
o
v
ol
tai
c
sy
st
e
m
u
n
d
e
r …
(Ab
dal
l
a
El
ti
gan
i
Ib
ra
hi
m)
2
185
F
i
gur
e
3.
P
r
op
ose
d
M
P
P
T
te
chn
i
que
i
n
P
-
V
cu
rv
e
Ta
b
l
e
1.
M
em
ber
s
hi
ps
r
ule
s
u
sed
i
n
t
he
F
LC
ΔP
ΔV
Z
E
N
S
PS
P
S
PS
Z
E
ZE
Z
E
ZE
Z
E
PS
ZE
N
S
ZE
N
S
PS
PS
ZE
N
S
NS
PB
NS
PB
N
B
NS
2
.
2
.
Ge
n
e
tic
o
p
timiza
tio
n steps
o
f
FL
C
To
i
m
p
r
o
ve
F
LC’
s
t
r
a
cki
n
g
sp
ee
d;
G
A
w
a
s
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
ted
t
o
obta
i
n
t
he
o
p
t
im
al
F
LC m
ember
s
hip
f
u
n
c
tio
ns.
This
i
s
ac
hi
e
v
ed
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
t
he
f
ol
low
i
ng
stage
s
:
2.
2.
1
Th
e
op
t
i
miz
a
t
i
on
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
on
The
q
u
adra
tic
c
riter
i
on
to
b
e
minimi
z
e
d is [
16].
(9
)
Where
(
10)
i
s
t
h
e
i
n
st
a
n
t
t
r
ac
ked
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
giv
e
n
by
P
V
m
od
ule
u
n
de
r
S
T
C
.
The
r
e
lat
i
ons
a
nd
t
h
e
va
lue
s
b
e
t
w
een
Ci,
Ci
'
C
i
"
,
a
nd
x
i
, yi
,
z
i
a
r
e
r
espe
ctiv
e
l
y
g
i
ven
b
y
2
.
2
.
2
.
C
rea
t
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
in
i
t
ia
l
po
pula
t
io
n
I
n
t
he
d
es
ig
n
of
t
he
p
r
o
pose
d
G
A
-
F
L
C,
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
ts,
V(
k),
P(k
)
,
a
nd
o
n
e
out
p
u
t,
D
,
a
r
e
u
s
ed
.
E
ach
va
r
i
a
b
le
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
w
i
t
h
f
i
v
e
m
e
m
b
er
sh
ip
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
ns,
a
s
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
te
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
4
(
a
)
.
T
he
p
op
u
l
at
i
on
ha
s
a
se
t
o
f
i
ndi
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
,
ea
c
h
i
nd
i
v
idua
l
h
a
s
t
h
ree
c
h
ro
mo
so
mes:
(k
)
,
(k)
a
nd
a
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
and
de
sc
r
i
bed
b
y
:
-
Fo
r
t
h
e
c
h
ro
m
o
s
o
me
(
k)
t
he
gene
s
:
C1,
C
2,
C3,
C
4
in
v
ar
ia
tio
n
[
-
0
.
9
9
t
o
+
0.
99]
.
-
Fo
r
t
h
e
c
h
ro
m
o
s
o
me
(k
)
t
h
e
g
en
es: C1'
,
C2', C3
'
,
C
4
'
in
v
ariation
[-0
.99
to
+
0
.
9
9
]
.
-
Fo
r
t
h
e
c
h
ro
m
o
s
o
me
th
e
g
enes are:
C
1
",
C2",
C
3
",
C
4"
i
n
va
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
[-
0.
9
9
t
o
+0.
9
9
].
F
i
gur
e
4.
(
a)
M
em
ber
s
hi
ps
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
c
od
in
g
,
a
nd
,
(
b
)
D
e
sc
r
i
pti
on
o
f
a
n
i
ndi
vi
d
u
al
1
=
4
3
,
2
=
3
3
=
1
,
4
=
1
2
1
=
4
′
3
′
,
2
′
=
3
′
3
=
1
′
,
4
=
1
′
2
′
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
2
182
–
2
189
2
186
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
3.
1.
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
irr
a
d
i
an
c
e
an
d
t
e
m
p
er
atu
re
on
P
V
syst
e
m
D
e
pe
n
d
in
g
o
n
F
igur
e
5,
t
he
P
V
modu
le
w
as
d
es
ig
ne
d
us
ing
m
odel
i
n
g
ter
m
s
(
1
)
,
(
2)
,
(
3
),
(
4)
a
nd
(
5
)
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
disc
usse
d
i
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
1
.
The
mod
u
le
h
a
s
t
hr
e
e
i
np
u
t
s
:
ra
di
a
tio
n
i
n
te
ns
ity,
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
o
per
a
t
i
o
n
tem
p
er
at
ur
e,
a
nd
tw
o
o
u
t
p
ut
s:
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
(
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
n
be
o
bt
ai
ned
by
m
ult
i
p
l
y
v
olt
a
g
e
i
n
c
u
rren
t
)
.
The
MP
P
T
w
a
s
d
e
s
ig
ne
d
u
s
ing
G
A
-
F
LC.
The
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
w
a
s
a
dj
us
t
e
d
t
o
24
V
,
t
he
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
j
us
ted
t
o
1
000
/
a
nd
the
oper
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
tur
e
w
as
a
djus
t
e
d
t
o
t
hr
e
e
v
alue
s
(
2
5
ᴼ
C
-
50ᴼ
C
-
75ᴼ
C)
.
F
i
gur
e
5.
P
V
modu
le
u
nder
P
S
C
s
w
i
t
h
M
P
P
T
a
lgor
i
t
hms
in
S
im
uli
n
k
M
ATLAB
To
d
isco
ve
r
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
te
m
p
er
a
t
u
r
e
on
t
he
s
olar
P
V
pe
r
f
or
ma
n
ce,
s
olar
i
r
r
adia
t
i
o
n
l
eve
l
w
as
a
s
s
um
ed
c
o
n
s
ta
nt
a
t
10
00
W/
w
hil
e
a
l
l
ow
i
n
g
tem
p
er
ature
to
v
ar
y
b
e
tween
0
ᴼ
C
and
7
5
ᴼ
C
and
t
h
e
result
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
6
(
a
)
,
f
or
t
he
I
-
V
a
nd
P
-
V
c
h
ar
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
as
t
em
per
a
t
u
r
e
w
a
s
s
e
t
t
o
2
5
,
5
0
a
n
d
7
5
°
C
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
ce
ll
v
olt
a
ge
d
e
c
re
as
es
a
s
o
p
e
rat
i
n
g
t
e
mpe
r
at
u
r
e
i
n
cre
a
se
s
a
nd
o
u
t
p
ut
p
owe
r
d
ecr
ease
s
.
This
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
es
t
h
a
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
b
o
t
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
ut
o
f
t
h
e
so
l
a
r
pa
ne
l
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
nt
l
y
.
F
i
gur
e
6
(
b
)
show
s
t
h
e
c
h
an
ges
i
n
ope
n
-
cir
c
uit
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
c
u
r
r
en
t
of
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
w
he
n
a
pa
ne
l
t
e
m
p
er
a
t
ur
e
i
n
c
r
ea
se
s.
Whe
n
ope
rat
i
n
g
t
e
mpe
r
at
ure
i
s
i
nc
rea
s
ed,
t
h
e
curr
ent
de
cre
a
ses
and
t
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
i
ncr
e
a
s
e
s
.
This
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t,
tem
p
er
at
ur
e
of
t
he
P
V
pane
ls
c
a
n
a
f
f
ec
t
i
n
b
ot
h
ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
ou
tpu
t
o
f
the
so
l
a
r
pa
nel.
(a)
(b
)
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
(
a
)
P–V
cur
v
e
un
de
r
tem
p
er
atur
e
c
h
a
nge
s,
(
b)
I
–V
c
ur
v
e
under
t
e
mpe
r
at
ur
e
c
h
ange
s
3
.
2
P
erf
o
r
man
ce
o
f
the p
ro
po
sed MPPT ba
sed
G
A
-
F
L
C
F
i
gur
e
7
(
a
)
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
per
f
or
m
a
nce
of
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
MP
P
T
b
a
s
ed
F
LC
a
n
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
t
o
t
h
e
f
a
s
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
dur
in
g
P
S
Cs.
The
r
e
su
lts
p
r
o
ve
d
t
h
at,
w
h
e
n
r
ad
iat
i
on
cha
nge
s
ha
p
p
ene
d
dur
in
g
P
S
Cs,
the
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
ba
se
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
r
e
spo
n
d
ed
f
aster
tha
n
F
LC
t
o
o
v
er
c
o
me
pow
e
r
d
e
c
r
e
a
si
ng
i
n
t
he
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
el.
The
r
e
sp
ons
e
time
of
G
A
-
F
L
C
is
a
b
o
u
t
0.
7
S
and
f
o
r
F
L
C
i
s
a
b
o
u
t
1
.
7
5
S
.
Base
d
on
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
(
b)
,
w
h
e
n
p
ow
e
r
o
f
P
V
p
ane
l
dr
oppe
d
d
o
w
n
b
y
P
S
C
s
bot
h
F
L
C
a
nd
G
A
-
F
L
C
algor
it
h
m
s
over
c
om
e
th
i
s
d
r
o
ppi
ng
,
b
u
t
th
e
ov
e
r
c
o
me
o
f
op
t
i
mize
d
F
L
C
is
b
ig
ger
t
h
a
n
F
LC
.
A
l
so,
in
F
i
gur
e
7
(
c
)
,
w
he
n
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
d
p
ow
e
r
b
y
P
V
cell
w
a
s
d
r
op
pe
d,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
go
ri
th
m
t
o
i
m
pro
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
put
of
p
hot
o
v
ol
tai
c
sy
st
e
m
u
n
d
e
r …
(Ab
dal
l
a
El
ti
gan
i
Ib
ra
hi
m)
2
187
bo
t
h
F
L
C
a
n
d
o
p
tim
i
z
e
d
F
LC
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
d
i
sc
har
g
e
d
p
ow
er
f
r
o
m
the
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
t
o
o
v
e
rcome
t
h
i
s
d
ropp
in
g
and
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
F
L
C
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
F
L
C
,
but
t
he
t
r
acki
n
g
spee
d
n
e
eds
m
o
r
e
a
nal
y
sis
an
d
di
scu
s
si
o
n
s i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
me
e
x
p
e
r
i
men
t
unde
r
d
i
ff
e
r
e
n
t
at
mo
sph
er
ic
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
s.
(a)
(b
)
(c)
F
i
gur
e
8.
(
a)
Resp
onse
o
f
t
he
M
P
P
T
based
FLC
a
n
d
G
A
-
FLC
t
o
t
he
P
S
Cs
c
ha
nge
,
(
b
)
resp
onse
o
f
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
alg
o
r
i
t
h
ms
t
o
the
di
schar
g
e
in
P
V
panel
dur
ing
P
S
C
s
c
han
g
e
;
(
c
)
r
e
s
ponse
of
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
al
gor
ithm
s
t
o
t
h
e
over
c
har
g
e
in
t
he
b
at
ter
y
o
f
P
V
p
a
n
el
d
ur
ing
PS
C
s
c
hange
Tab
l
e
2
show
s
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
fr
om
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
u
n
d
e
r
P
S
C
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
ot
her
MP
P
T
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
u
n
d
er
P
S
C
s
in l
it
er
a
t
ur
e r
e
view
.
Th
e
r
e
su
lts
p
r
o
ve
d
t
h
a
t
,
t
h
e
pr
op
ose
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
is th
e
m
o
st
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
t
a
l
g
or
it
hm
t
o
f
i
nd
a
n
d
tr
a
c
k
G
M
P
P
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
a
c
c
ur
ac
y,
t
r
a
cki
n
g
spe
e
d
a
nd
c
o
mp
lex
i
ty
u
n
d
e
r
P
S
Cs
c
om
par
i
ng
t
o
o
ther
t
ec
hn
i
que
s
suc
h
a
s
F
L
C,
G
A-
P
&
O
and
A
N
N
-
FLC.
Ta
b
l
e
2:
R
esu
l
t
s
o
f
pr
op
ose
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
c
o
mpa
r
ed
t
o
o
t
her
M
P
P
T
t
ech
ni
qu
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
PSC
s
Re
ffe
r
e
n
c
e
Yea
r
MPPT
te
c
hnique
C
onve
rt
e
r
A
c
c
u
r
a
cy
%
T
r
ac
king
s
p
ee
d
(s)
Le
vel
of
t
e
c
hniqu
e
C
o
m
p
le
x
i
ty
[24]
2014
G
A
-
P
&
O
Bu
ck
95.
5
0.
9
H
i
gh
[22]
[25]
2009
2018
A
N
N
-FLC
B
oost
92.
1
0.
85
H
igh
[16]
2012
G
A
-
F
L
C
B
oost
95
-
H
igh
Prpose
d
MP
P
T
2019
F
L
C
B
u
c
k/boost
86
1
.
75
L
ow
Prpose
d
MP
P
T
2019
G
A
-
F
L
C
B
u
c
k
/boost
98.
5
0.
7
M
e
d
i
u
m
4.
CONCLUSION
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
F
LC
a
nd
op
t
i
m
i
ze
d
F
L
C
a
l
g
o
r
ithm
s
w
e
r
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
to
t
r
a
ck
t
he
P
V
pow
er
dur
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
S
Cs.
The
co
n
f
i
g
ur
ati
o
n
of
b
ot
h
a
l
gor
it
hms
is
d
es
i
gne
d,
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
a
nd
t
h
eir
pe
r
f
o
r
m
anc
e
w
as
c
om
par
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
the
r
l
i
t
er
atur
e
tec
h
ni
q
u
e
s
t
o
st
u
dy
the
i
r
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
t
o
t
r
ack
t
he
MP
P
T
unde
r
P
S
Cs.
P
r
opose
d
G
A
-
F
L
C
a
c
hie
v
e
d
0
.
7
S
a
s
tr
a
c
k
i
ng
t
i
m
e
t
o
f
ind
an
d
t
r
a
c
k
the
G
M
P
P
unde
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
8
2
– 2
189
2
188
PS
C
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
of
b
u
c
k
/
boo
st
c
onv
e
r
ter
i
n
t
hi
s
t
e
chn
i
qu
e
ac
h
i
e
v
e
d
9
8.
5
%
o
f
tr
ac
kin
g
a
cc
ur
acy.
The
trac
ke
d
p
o
w
e
r
of
P
V
syst
e
m
s
un
der
PS
C
is
a
ffec
ted
dire
c
tly
b
y
t
he
t
ra
ck
i
n
g
s
p
e
e
d
a
nd
a
ny
dela
y
i
n
t
ra
c
k
in
g
t
i
me
a
ff
e
c
t
s
i
n
ef
fi
c
i
en
c
y
o
f
a
wh
ol
e
sy
st
em.
Th
e
o
b
t
aine
d
re
su
lts
p
ro
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
,
prop
o
s
ed
G
A
-
F
L
C
show
e
d
go
o
d
dyna
m
i
c
pe
rfor
ma
nce
i
n
t
erm
s
o
f
trac
kin
g
t
ime
,
a
c
c
ur
acy
a
n
d
c
o
mple
xi
ty
u
nde
r
P
S
C
s
com
p
are
d
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
t
e
chni
ques
su
ch
a
s
FLC,
G
A
-
P&O
an
d
ANN-
F
L
C.
F
o
r
t
he
f
ut
u
r
e
wor
k
,
t
h
e
p
e
rfor
m
a
n
ce
of
p
rop
o
se
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
ed
F
LC
n
eed
s
t
o
b
e
v
a
lid
at
ed
b
y
ex
p
e
ri
me
n
t
al
t
e
s
t
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
re,
the
tr
ack
in
g
spee
d
nee
d
s
m
o
r
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
a
nd
d
i
s
cu
ssi
on
s und
er d
i
f
f
e
re
nt
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
i
c
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
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p
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“
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tim
a
l
sizi
ng
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f
s
t
an
d-alone
p
h
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to
vo
lt
a
i
c
syst
e
m
by mini
mi
z
i
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t
he
l
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of
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y probabilit
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,
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e
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r
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t
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photo
v
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a
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(
PV
)
sy
st
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d
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r
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parti
a
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in
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bas
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d
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a
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.
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e
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omp
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o
f
m
a
xi
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p
o
wer
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int
t
r
a
c
k
i
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g
tech
ni
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o
r
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h
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”
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un
daresw
aran,
P
.
S
ank
a
r,
P
.
S.
R
.
N
a
yak,
S
.
P.
S
im
on
,
and
S
.
P
a
lan
i
,
“En
h
anced
e
nerg
y
o
u
t
put
f
ro
m
a
P
V
syst
e
m
u
nder
p
arti
a
l
s
haded
cond
itions
t
hrough
a
rtif
ic
ial
bee
c
ol
on
y,
”
IEEE T
r
ans
.
Su
st
ain.
En
e
r
g
y
,
vol
.
6
,
n
o.
1
,
pp
.
1
98
-209
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8]
L.
L
.
Ji
ang
,
D
.
L.
M
as
kell,
a
n
d
J
.
C.
P
atra,
“
A
nov
el
a
nt
c
ol
on
y
o
p
t
i
mizat
io
n-bas
e
d
max
i
m
u
m
po
wer
poi
nt
t
rack
in
g
f
o
r
photovolt
a
ic s
yst
e
m
s
under p
art
i
ally shaded
conditions,”
Ener
gy Bui
l
d
.
,
v
o
l
.
58,
p
p
.
2
27–
23
6,
2
0
13.
[9]
R.
B
ou
ken
o
u
i
,
H
.
S
alhi,
R.
B
radai
,
a
nd
A
.
M
e
llit,
“
A
n
e
w
i
n
te
l
l
i
g
en
t
M
P
P
T
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
st
and
-
alo
n
e
ph
ot
ovo
lt
aic
syst
e
m
s
operat
in
g under f
a
st
t
ra
n
s
ient
variations
of
shadi
ng pa
tt
e
r
ns
,
”
So
l.
En
e
r
gy
,
vo
l. 1
24
,
p
p
. 12
4
–1
42
,
2
0
1
6
.
[10]
M
.
A
.
M
.
R
a
m
l
i
,
K
.
I
s
h
a
q
u
e
,
F
.
J
a
w
a
i
d
,
Y
.
A
.
A
l
-
t
u
r
k
i
,
a
n
d
Z
.
S
al
am,
“
A
m
o
d
if
ied
diff
eren
ti
al
e
v
o
l
u
ti
on
b
as
ed
m
a
xim
u
m
p
o
wer
po
in
t
t
r
ack
er
f
or
pho
to
volt
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
un
der
p
a
rti
a
l
s
had
i
ng
c
on
d
i
tion
,
”
Energy Bui
l
d
.,
2
01
5
.
[11]
N.
R
ajas
e
k
ar,
“S
o
l
ar
P
V
array
recon
f
ig
urati
on
us
in
g
t
h
e
H
eati
n
g
c
oncep
t
Stand
a
rd
d
evi
a
tio
n
a
n
d
Genet
i
c
Al
go
rit
h
m
As
se
s
s
i
ng
th
e
feas
ib
il
it
y
o
f
u
si
ng
t
h
e
h
eat
d
em
and
-
ou
t
d
o
o
r,
K
u
l
karni
f
o
r
t
e
m
p
eratu
r
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
a
l
o
n
g
-
term
h
eat d
em
and
f
o
recast,”
E
n
er
g
y
Pr
oced
ia
,
vol.
11
7,
pp.
1
0
6
2
–
1
069
,
2
01
7.
[12]
S
.
O
bu
kh
ov
a
nd
A
.
Ibrahim,
“
Max
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
Track
in
g
O
F
P
ar
ti
all
y
S
h
a
di
ng
P
V
s
y
ste
m
Usi
ng
P
a
rti
c
le
Sw
a
r
m
Op
ti
miz
a
tion
,”
Asso
c.
Co
mp
u
t
.
M
a
ch. Mo
scow, Russ. F
e
d
.
,
pp.
1
6
1
–
1
6
5
,
201
8.
[13]
A.
F
a
t
hy
,
“
R
eliabl
e
and
ef
ficien
t
ap
pro
ach
f
or
m
iti
g
ating
th
e
s
h
a
di
ng
eff
ect
o
n
p
h
o
t
ovo
lt
aic
mo
dul
e
bas
e
d
o
n
Modi
fi
ed Ar
tific
ial
B
e
e
C
o
lo
ny
a
lg
or
i
t
h
m
,
”
Re
n
e
w
.
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
. 8
1,
pp.
7
8
–
8
8
,
201
5.
[14]
N.
Em
e
rs
on,
“
In
t
e
grati
ng
Hy
bri
d
P
o
w
er S
o
u
rce
into
I
sland
e
d
Mi
cr
og
ri
d
Usi
ng
Ant
Colo
ny
,
”
pp.
5–8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[15]
A.
F
a
t
hy
,
“
R
ecen
t
m
e
ta-h
euri
stic
g
rass
ho
pp
er
o
pt
imizat
io
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
f
o
r
o
p
t
imal
r
eco
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
p
arti
a
l
l
y
sh
aded
P
V array
,
”
So
l.
En
ergy
,
v
o
l.
1
7
1
,
n
o
.
J
uly,
p
p
.
6
38–
65
1
,
2018.
[16]
R.
R
am
ap
rabha,
M
.
B
al
aji,
a
n
d
B
.
L.
M
ath
u
r,
“
Max
i
m
u
m
po
wer
p
o
i
n
t
tracking
of
p
artially
s
haded
solar
PV
s
ystem
us
in
g
m
o
d
i
fi
ed
F
ib
on
ac
ci
s
earch
m
eth
o
d
wit
h
f
uz
zy
c
on
trol
ler,”
Int
.
J. El
ectr.
Po
wer
E
n
er
gy
Sys
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
43,
no.
1
,
pp
.
7
54
–76
5,
2012
.
[17]
N
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
I
.
H
u
s
s
a
i
n
,
B
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
B
.
K
.
P
a
n
i
g
r
a
h
i
,
“
S
i
n
g
l
e
s
e
nso
r
b
as
ed
M
P
P
T
f
o
r
partiall
y
s
h
aded
s
o
l
a
r
ph
ot
ov
oltaic
b
y
us
ing
h
u
m
a
n
psycho
lo
gy
op
timisat
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
ithm
,”
2
01
7.
[18]
C.
Ö
zg
ür,
“A
H
yb
ri
d
M
P
P
T
m
e
t
h
o
d
fo
r
grid
c
o
n
nected
pho
to
vo
lta
i
c
s
ys
tems
u
n
d
er
r
a
p
idly
c
hanging
at
mospheri
c
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
v
ol.
1
52,
pp.
1
94–
210,
2
0
17.
[19]
H.
C
hai
e
b
an
d
A
.
S
ak
ly
,
“
A
n
o
v
el
M
P
P
T
m
e
thod
f
or
p
hoto
voltai
c
a
pp
li
cati
on
un
der
p
a
rtial
shaded
c
on
di
ti
ons,”
So
l.
En
ergy
,
v
o
l
.
15
9,
n
o
.
O
cto
b
e
r
201
7,
pp.
2
9
1–29
9,
2
01
8.
[20]
Y.
M
.
S
a
f
a
ru
di
n
a
n
d
A.
P
riy
a
d
i
,
“
C
om
bin
i
ng
S
im
plified
F
i
refl
y
a
nd
M
od
ifi
e
d
P
&
O
Al
go
rit
h
m
f
o
r
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
Track
ing
of
P
ho
tovol
ta
i
c
S
ystem
Under
Part
ia
l
S
h
a
d
i
n
g
C
o
n
d
iti
on,
”
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
181
–186
,
2
0
1
5
.
[21]
F
.
S
a
l
em
a
nd
M
.
A
.
A
wadal
l
ah
,
“
D
et
ecti
on
and
ass
e
ssm
ent
o
f
p
art
ia
l
sha
d
in
g
i
n
p
ho
to
vo
lta
ic
a
rra
ys,
”
J. E
l
ectr.
Sys
t
. Inf.
T
echn
o
l
.
, vo
l
.
3,
n
o.
1,
p
p
. 23
–
3
2
,
20
1
6
.
[22]
M
.
D
himi
sh,
V.
H
o
l
m
e
s,
B
.
M
e
hrdad
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
D
ales
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
ring
M
a
m
d
a
n
i
S
u
g
e
n
o
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
a
n
d
R
B
F
A
N
N
net
w
o
r
k f
o
r P
V
fau
lt
de
t
ecti
o
n
,
”
Re
ne
w. Ene
r
gy
,
v
o
l
. 1
17
,
p
p
. 2
57
–2
74
, 20
1
8
.
[23]
W
.
H
o
u
,
Y
.
J
i
n
,
C
.
Z
h
u
,
a
n
d
G
.
L
i
,
“
A
N
o
v
e
l
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
rack
ing
Al
go
rit
h
m
Based
on
G
l
o
ww
orm
Sw
a
r
m
Op
ti
miz
a
tion
f
or
P
hotovolta
i
c
Systems,”
Int
.
J.
P
h
ot
o
e
ner
g
y
, vo
l
. 20
1
6
, 20
1
6
.
[24]
S
.
D
araban
,
D
.
P
et
re
u
s
,
and
C.
M
orel,
“
A
n
o
v
el
M
P
P
T
(m
ax
imum
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t
track
in
g)
a
l
g
o
r
it
hm
b
ased
o
n
a
m
o
d
i
fi
ed
g
enetic
a
lg
ori
t
hm
s
pe
ci
alized
o
n
trac
k
i
ng
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
m
axi
m
u
m
p
ower
p
oi
nt
i
n
ph
oto
v
o
l
t
a
ic
s
yst
e
ms
af
f
ected
by partial
sh
adin
g
,
”
Energy
,
v
o
l
.
7
4
,
n
o
.
C
,
p
p
. 3
74
–3
88
,
20
14
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
go
ri
th
m
t
o
i
m
pro
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
put
of
p
hot
o
v
ol
tai
c
sy
st
e
m
u
n
d
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r …
(Ab
dal
l
a
El
ti
gan
i
Ib
ra
hi
m)
2
189
[25]
S
y
af
arud
din
E.
K
aratep
e
T.
H
i
y
am
a,
“
Ar
tifici
a
l
neural
n
etwork-p
ol
ar
c
oo
rdi
n
ated
f
u
zzy
c
o
n
t
r
ol
le
r
b
a
sed
m
a
xi
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
poi
nt
t
ra
ck
ing
con
t
rol
u
n
der
part
ial
l
y
shad
ed
c
o
ndi
ti
ons,
”
I
E
T Re
n
e
w
.
Po
w
e
r
Ge
n
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
23
9–
253
,
2
0
0
9
.
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Ab
dall
a
Eltig
ani
Ib
rahi
m
received
hi
s
Bachel
or
o
f
El
ectri
c
a
l
Po
wer
En
gi
neering
i
n
E
l
ectrical
P
o
wer
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
(H
oun
or)
f
r
om
A
l
zaeem
A
l-azhari
Uni
v
ersit
y
,
S
ud
an
i
n
200
5,
M
S
c
i
n
El
ec
t
r
ical
C
ontr
ol
f
rom
Univers
iti
Tekno
l
ogi
P
E
TR
ONA
S
,
Ma
laysia
,
20
17
and
he
i
s
current
ly
pu
rsui
ng
a
P
hD
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
op
timizati
o
n
in
r
en
ewab
le
e
nerg
y.
A
rea
of
i
n
t
eres
t:
C
on
trol
S
y
s
te
m
s
,
M
echatro
ni
cs,
Ren
e
wab
l
e
En
erg
y
,
P
ow
er
G
u
a
li
ty,
P
o
w
e
r
Optimi
zati
on
a
nd
E
l
e
ct
ro-m
echan
ical
Sy
ste
m
s
.
As
soci
a
t
e
P
r
o
f
e
sso
r
Ir.
D
r.
N
ursy
ari
zal
M
o
h
d
No
r
recei
ved
hi
s
B
achel
or
o
f
El
ectrical
&
El
ec
t
r
onics
E
ngin
eerin
g
(Ho
u
n
o
r)
f
r
o
m
U
niv
e
rsi
t
i
Tekn
ol
ogi
M
ara
,
M
S
c
in
E
le
ct
rical
p
ow
er
En
gin
eerin
g
f
r
om
U
M
I
S
T
uni
ve
rs
it
y,
U
K
and
P
h
D
in
E
lectri
cal
&
E
l
ectro
n
i
cs
E
ng
in
eering
f
r
o
m
Universiti
Tekn
ol
ogi
PE
T
R
ON
AS,
Ma
l
a
ysia.
Now
he
i
s
wor
k
ing
as
a
ss
ociate
p
rof
e
ss
oe
i
n
Universiti
T
e
knologi
P
E
T
R
ON
AS,
Malays
i
a
.
Area
of
i
nt
eres
t
:
P
owe
r
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
O
p
erati
on
&
Con
t
rol, Elect
ri
c
a
l
Mach
in
es,
Pow
e
r
S
y
st
em
sS
at
e
E
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
Dr.
Illan
i
B
in
ti
M
oh
d
N
a
wi
r
eceiv
e
d
h
e
s
B
a
c
h
elo
r
o
f
Elect
rical
&
El
ectro
nics
E
ng
ineeri
ng
(Hounor)
f
r
o
m
U
nivers
i
t
i
Teknolog
i
PETRON
AS,
MSc
in
M
icroel
ectr
on
ics
Sys
t
ems
Desi
gn
f
r
o
m
U
nivers
it
y
of
S
outh
a
mpto
n
in
2
00
4
and
P
h
D
in
E
lect
ronics
&
E
l
ectrical
E
n
g
in
eering
from
Univ
e
r
sity
o
f
S
o
u
t
ha
mp
to
n
in
2
01
8.
N
ow
s
he
i
s
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
l
e
c
t
u
r
al
i
n
Unive
r
siti
T
e
knolog
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PE
TR
ON
AS
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia
.
Ar
e
a
o
f
in
te
rest:
IC
D
esign
,
A
utom
oti
v
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
Ro
bo
ti
cs,
R
e
l
i
a
bi
li
ty
En
gin
eerin
g
.
Dr.
M
o
h
d
F
akhi
zan
R
om
lie
r
ecei
ved
h
i
s
Bachel
or
o
f
El
ec
t
r
ical
&
El
ectron
i
cs
E
ng
ineeri
n
g
(Hounor)
from
Universiti
Tekn
olog
i
PETRON
AS
i
n
2004,
M
Sc
f
rom
U
ni
vers
it
y
of
W
e
s
tern
Au
stra
l
i
a
20
06
a
n
d
P
hD
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
stem
f
rom
Un
ivers
i
t
y
o
f
Notti
n
g
h
a
m
,
U
K
i
n
2
0
1
4
.
N
o
w
h
e
is
w
orki
ng
as
l
e
c
tura
l
i
n
U
n
i
ve
rsiti
Teknologi
P
ETR
ONAS,
Malays
i
a
.
Area
of
i
nteres
t:
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
s,
El
ectrical
M
achi
n
es
, Po
w
e
r El
ectro
nic and
El
ec
t
r
ical
S
af
ety.
M
a
dam
Kh
airul
Ni
sak
M
H
a
san
received
her
B
a
chel
or
o
f
E
l
ect
rical
&
E
lect
ron
i
cs
E
ngineeri
ng
(Hou
n
o
r)
fro
m
U
nive
rs
it
i
Te
kn
olog
i
PE
TRO
NAS,
M
S
c
in
E
le
c
t
ric
a
l
p
o
we
r
E
n
gine
e
r
in
g
fro
m
Universit
y
o
f
N
e
w
South
W
a
les
,
A
us
tr
a
l
i
a
.
N
o
w
s
h
e
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
a
s
l
ect
ura
l
i
n
U
n
iv
ersiti
Tek
nol
ogi
P
ETRO
N
A
S
,
M
a
laysi
a
.
A
r
ea
of
i
n
t
erest
:
P
ower
Q
u
a
lit
y
,
Renew
a
ble
En
ergy
and
Harm
onic Power
.
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