In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
of Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJPED
S
)
V
o
l.
11, N
o
.
1, Mar
c
h 20
20,
p
p
.
425~
4
3
2
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v11
.
i
1.pp
4
25-
43
2
4
25
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
j
p
eds.i
a
esco
re
.com
Homestay
save rent meth
od through
consumer self-
managemen
t
of electrici
ty power consum
ption
Di
rma
n
Ha
n
a
f
i
1
,
Kamal Kh
air
i
K
a
maru
d
d
i
n
2
,
H
i
s
y
a
m
A
b
du
l
Ra
hm
a
n
3
, Yu
dhi
G
una
rd
i
4
1
,
2,
3
In
stru
m
e
nt
atio
n an
d Sen
s
i
ng
Tech
no
log
y
(In
SeT) Res
earc
h
Gro
u
p
,
F
aculty
o
f
Elect
rical
and
Electro
nic
Engin
eering
,
Un
iv
e
r
s
i
t
i
Tu
n
H
u
s
s
e
in
On
n
M
a
l
a
ys
ia
,
M
a
l
a
ys
ia
4
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt o
f
El
ec
t
r
ical
En
gi
n
eerin
g,
Univers
i
tas M
e
rcu
Buana,
Ind
o
n
e
sia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Au
g
1
8
,
2
019
Re
vise
d
O
c
t
1
2
, 20
1
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
No
v
2
9
,
2
019
The rapid
grow
th
in the numbe
r
of
homes
tays and
hotels
,
co
mpetiti
on
has
in
creased am
o
ng t
h
e
m
. H
o
m
e
s
t
ay
t
h
at is a
relativ
ely
n
e
wcom
er
i
n
this
bu
si
ness s
h
o
u
l
d
find
t
h
e
way
to b
ecom
e
com
p
et
it
ive. O
n
e w
a
y
is
t
o
mak
e
rent
al
f
ees
m
o
re
aff
o
rd
abl
e
. In
th
is
pap
e
r a
m
e
th
od
to
redu
ce the ho
m
e
stay
rent
al
f
ees a
r
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
is
is
d
one by
s
e
para
t
i
ng
the com
p
onent o
f
th
e
elect
ricit
y
co
st
from
th
e
who
l
e ren
t
al
fees
. Th
en
it requ
ires
th
e
co
ns
um
er to
pay
thei
r own
electri
cit
y
u
s
ed and
a
l
so
giv
e
s op
p
o
rtu
n
ity
t
o
th
e
m
to m
a
nag
e
th
eir own
electri
cit
y
u
s
ed how
m
u
ch
th
ey
n
eed. T
h
is
m
e
ch
anis
m
is
im
plem
en
t
e
d by
eq
ui
ppi
ng
t
h
e hom
estay
wit
h
th
e
co
in
kil
o
watt hour (ck
W
h
)
m
e
ter. Th
e
c
o
ns
um
er can pl
an
h
o
w
m
u
ch
t
h
ey will use
t
h
e power s
i
n
ce
t
h
ey
st
ay
by in
serti
ng
t
h
e cert
a
in am
o
u
nt o
f
co
in i
n
t
o
the
ck
W
h
m
e
ter.
Aft
e
r
in
sert
th
e co
in
the
elect
ricity
s
o
u
r
ces
w
i
ll o
n
and
read
y
to
use. T
h
e m
a
in
com
p
onen
t
s
o
f
th
is
ckW
h
met
e
r cons
ist
of
t
h
e
Ard
u
i
n
o
U
n
o
mi
croco
n
t
r
oll
e
r
as a
b
r
ain
o
f
t
h
e devi
ce, the
coi
n
accept
o
r
w
h
e
r
e th
e
co
in
will
i
n
s
e
rt, and
ki
lowatt hour
meter.
Besi
des tha
t
, it a
l
so
equ
i
pped wi
th
liqu
i
d-crystal di
splay
(LCD
) to sh
o
w
the am
o
unt of
m
oney
curren
t
l
y
av
a
i
lab
l
e
.
T
h
e
ex
peri
men
t
a
l
tes
t
sh
ows
th
a
t
th
e
d
e
v
i
ce dev
e
lo
p work
w
e
ll
an
d
can con
t
rol
the
us
ed of
th
e
elect
ricit
y
r
e
l
a
ted to the a
m
ou
nt m
o
n
e
y
t
h
a
t
has b
een
in
sert
ed.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Ho
mest
ay
Ex
pens
i
v
e
Elec
tric
it
y
Se
l
f-m
anage
m
e
n
t
C
o
in
ki
lo
wa
tt
h
o
u
r
met
e
r
Th
is
is a
n
o
p
en acces
s a
r
ti
cle u
n
d
e
r t
h
e
CC
BY-S
A
li
cens
e
.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Di
rman
Han
a
fi
,
Instrum
e
n
t
a
tio
n and
S
e
ns
in
g
Te
ch
no
log
y
(InS
eT) Re
sear
ch
G
r
oup,
F
a
cult
y
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
and E
l
e
c
t
r
on
ic
E
n
g
i
nee
r
in
g,
U
n
i
v
ersi
ti
T
un
H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
Ma
lays
ia,
86
4
00 Pa
rit Ra
ja,
Joh
o
r,
Malay
s
ia
.
Em
ail: di
r
m
a
n
@u
thm
.
e
du.my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
Ma
la
ys
ia am
ong
the
to
p
10 co
u
n
tr
ies re
ceive
s fore
ig
n t
our
ist
s
e
v
e
r
y ye
ar.
Thi
s
hi
gh
vo
l
u
me
is
clo
s
el
y
r
e
la
ted t
o
Ma
lays
ia
's
d
i
vers
ifie
d
tour
ism
pr
oduc
t
s
.
A
m
ong the
pro
d
u
ct
s
be
i
n
g de
v
e
lo
pe
d are
ho
m
e
stay
[1].
H
o
m
e
stay
bus
i
n
e
s
se
s
gr
ow
ra
pi
d
l
y
n
o
t
on
l
y
in
t
h
e ci
ty bu
t
t
i
l
l
to
t
h
e v
i
l
l
a
g
e
.
T
h
e
m
a
in purp
o
s
e
i
s
fo
r
to
urism
,
un
ive
r
sit
y
ar
eas and
stay a
t
vi
l
l
a
g
e
progra
m
.
Based o
n
sta
t
i
s
t
i
c
by
Min
i
s
t
ry T
our
ism a
n
d C
u
ltur
e
of
Ma
lays
ia, 56
0
4
r
ooms of 203 hom
esta
ys
h
a
ve been re
gi
s
t
ere
d
a
nd
the p
o
ss
i
b
i
l
i
t
y of thi
s
am
oun
t w
ill i
n
cre
a
se
[2-4]
.
A
c
c
o
rding
t
o
r
e
ports
from
the
Min
i
s
t
er
of T
ouri
s
m
,
A
r
ts a
nd Cul
t
ure
M
i
n
i
s
t
er D
a
tu
k
Mo
ham
m
a
d
in
K
e
tap
i
said the
r
e
w
e
re 8
.
47 mill
io
n w
ho
ca
me
to
M
a
lays
i
a
i
n
2018,
som
e
of
th
e
m
chose
to l
i
ve
i
n
hom
esta
ys.
Th
is numbe
rs
c
o
n
tin
ue to i
n
c
r
ea
se ever
y
yea
r
, provi
d
i
n
g
w
e
ll
o
p
por
tu
n
i
t
i
e
s
for t
h
e
h
o
m
e
stay
b
u
s
i
ness
[2-
8
].
The
r
e a
r
e se
vera
l
lo
g
i
c re
aso
n
s w
h
y t
h
e
v
i
sit
o
rs pre
f
er
ho
m
e
stay f
o
r ac
com
m
oda
ti
o
n
, a
m
ong
o
t
her
:
com
f
ort fa
c
t
or,
sa
fety fa
ct
or,
wi
de
r spac
e, flexi
b
le
ch
ec
k-i
n
t
i
m
e
,
stra
tegi
c locat
io
n, uni
que de
sig
n
, the
r
e
ar
e
ma
ny
ba
sic
a
m
e
n
it
ies unde
r o
n
e
r
oof, m
o
r
e
pri
v
acy an
d n
o
nee
d
to sha
r
e,
it fee
l
s like
h
o
m
e, ca
n
provi
d
e
your
ow
n
fo
od and
etc
[4]. A
l
on
g
w
i
t
h
the rap
i
d
gr
ow
th of
h
o
m
e
sta
y
s,
at present ho
te
l
en
trepr
e
neur
s ha
ve be
gu
n
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
o
l.
11,
N
o
.
1, Ma
r 202
0
:
425
–
43
2
42
6
expa
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
business
t
o
re
mote a
r
ea
s. O
f
course
th
is w
i
l
l
be
o
t
he
r ri
val
for
the
home
s
t
a
y bes
i
de riva
l
l
ed b
y
them
se
lves
[9].
F
o
r this
co
n
d
iti
o
n
the
h
o
m
e
stay
s
h
ou
ld
l
o
o
k
a
n
y o
t
her
w
a
y t
o
prom
o
t
e
a
nd a
t
t
r
ac
t
cus
t
ome
r
s.
O
n
e w
a
y is by
minimi
z
i
n
g
the
r
e
nt
fees.
U
s
u
a
l
l
y c
u
stom
er
s w
i
l
l
l
o
ok
a
t
t
h
e
rent fee
s
a
nd
fa
cili
t
i
es
f
i
rst
b
e
fore
ma
kin
g
t
h
e
i
r cho
i
c
e
s
an
d b
o
o
k
i
n
g [1
0,
11].
The
r
e a
r
e
seve
ral elec
trical equ
i
pm
ent pro
v
i
de
d t
o
pro
v
i
d
e consum
er
s comfort
i
n
a
renta
l
ho
u
s
e
,
inc
l
ud
ing
lig
h
t
s,
tele
vis
i
o
n
, r
i
ce
coo
k
i
n
g
u
t
e
n
s
i
ls,
refrigera
to
r
s
, a
i
r c
ond
it
io
n
e
rs,
w
a
shi
n
g m
achi
n
es,
el
e
c
tric
st
o
v
e
s, et
c. So
me
t
i
m
es
d
u
e
to
f
o
rg
et
ful
n
ess,
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s f
o
rg
et
t
o
t
u
rn
o
ff
t
h
e e
q
ui
p
m
e
n
t wh
e
n
t
h
ey
wa
n
t
to
sl
e
e
p
or a
l
so le
ave a
ny nee
d
s. S
o
that it
c
a
uses w
a
st
e
of e
l
e
c
tr
ici
t
y
use
.
I
n
order to c
o
v
e
r the e
xpe
nd
itur
e
of
elec
tr
ici
t
y co
n
s
ump
t
i
o
n,
the
fe
es
us
ua
ll
y in
clu
d
es in t
o
t
h
e fee
s
o
f
the
h
o
m
e
sta
y
r
e
nta
l
.
F
u
rther
m
ore
,
renta
l
price
s
wi
l
l
be e
xpe
ns
i
v
e,
so t
h
at m
a
ke
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
s
t
ay
busi
n
e
s
s
i
s
l
e
ss co
m
p
eti
t
i
v
e
.
The
r
efore,
the
ele
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
con
s
um
pt
io
n c
o
st sho
u
l
d se
p
a
rati
ng fr
o
m
t
o
ta
l r
e
nta
l
fe
es
.
The r
e
nt fe
es be
com
e
c
h
eap
e
r
a
nd the h
o
m
estay
bus
ine
s
s be
c
o
m
e
m
o
re
c
o
mpe
t
i
t
i
v
e. Co
ns
ume
r
s a
r
e
re
qui
r
e
d to ma
nage a
nd pa
y ho
w
m
u
ch the
y
w
a
nt
t
o
c
o
nsu
m
e
t
h
e
el
e
c
t
ri
c
ity
[
1
2
-
16
].
If
co
n
s
u
m
ers
wa
n
t
t
o
mi
ni
mi
ze
t
h
ei
r
e
l
ect
ri
c
i
ty
u
s
ag
e th
e
y
ca
n
ma
n
a
g
e
t
h
e
numbe
r a
n
d ti
me
of
the a
p
p
l
i
a
nc
es o
n
[1
4-1
9
].
F
o
r this pur
po
se,
i
n
t
h
is w
o
rk
t
h
e
h
o
me
st
a
y
is equ
i
ppe
d w
i
t
h
the c
o
in
k
i
l
o
w
a
t
t
ho
ur (ckWh)
me
ter
dev
i
ce
. To t
u
r
n
on t
h
e p
o
w
e
r source
, a
num
ber of coin
s
must be i
n
se
r
t
ed in
to t
h
e
ck
Wh m
e
ter.
T
h
e
t
o
ta
l
numbe
r o
f
co
i
n
s
en
tere
d w
i
l
l
be
pro
p
o
rtio
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
le
ng
t
h
o
f
tim
e the e
l
ectr
i
ci
t
y
re
sou
r
ces on [
2
0-22
].
Thi
s
me
ans tha
t
for
a numbe
r of
coi
n
s tha
t
ha
v
e
been e
n
te
red
,
if the a
m
oun
t of loa
d
is reduc
e
d
t
h
e elec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
resour
ces o
n
w
ill be
lo
n
g
er and
vice
v
e
rsa w
i
l
l
be
sh
or
t
e
r.
The
ty
pe
o
f
c
o
ins t
h
a
t
ca
n
b
e
use
d
is
1 rin
g
g
it, 50
ce
nts,
20 ce
nts
and 1
0
c
e
nt
s.
The pa
ym
ent
r
a
te for ele
c
t
ric
i
ty
b
i
l
l
s is
R
M
0,
281
/k
Wh fo
l
l
o
w
i
ng t
h
e elec
t
r
i
c
ity
rate
s used
by Tena
ga
N
a
siona
l Be
rhad (TN
B
) [23, 24]. Then
t
h
is
le
ve
l
of p
a
ym
ent
w
i
l
l
fo
l
l
ow
c
h
an
ges
d
u
r
i
n
g
the
t
i
m
e
set by
TN
B.
The t
o
ta
l am
ou
nt
of mone
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
a
nd
a
l
s
o
the
us
e
of ele
c
t
ric p
o
w
er per hour wil
l
b
e
show
n
to
c
onsum
er
s usi
n
g li
qu
i
d
-cr
y
sta
l
d
i
sp
lay (LCD
)
[2
1].
Th
is
pa
per co
ns
ist
e
d
o
f
thre
e sec
t
i
ons. S
e
c
t
i
on one ex
p
l
a
i
n
s
abo
u
t
i
n
tro
duc
t
i
o
n
a
b
out th
e
pr
o
b
le
m
tha
t
w
i
l
l
overc
ome
.
The sec
o
nd
sec
t
ion ex
p
l
ai
ns h
o
w
the
pr
o
b
l
e
m is sol
v
ed i
n
deta
i
l
.
The sec
o
n
d
se
c
tio
n
exp
l
a
i
n
s
t
h
e me
t
h
o
d
o
l
og
y us
ed t
o
so
lve
the
prob
lem
in de
ta
il.
S
t
ar
t
i
ng fr
om
desi
gn
ing
the
eq
ui
pm
en
t t
o
b
e
ma
de,
explai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e fu
nc
ti
ons an
d
t
e
s
t
i
n
g the pe
rfor
m
a
n
c
e
of ea
ch c
o
mpo
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
fina
l
l
y
fa
b
r
ic
ate
equ
i
pme
n
t. Th
e la
st sec
t
i
on e
l
a
b
orates
the e
qui
pm
ent
test resu
lts a
n
d ana
l
ys
is t
o
de
t
e
rm
ine
w
h
et
her
i
t
m
e
e
t
s
the o
b
j
ec
t
i
ve
s.
2.
RESEARCH METH
OD
Me
th
o
d
o
l
og
y is defi
ned as sys
t
em
ati
c
st
e
p
by st
e
p
t
o
so
lve t
h
e pr
ob
l
e
m in orde
r to
ac
hi
e
v
e th
e
ob
jec
t
i
v
es. The
ste
p
s inc
l
ude
t
h
e des
i
g
n
,
im
ple
m
e
n
ta
tio
n and
te
st.
2.1.
S
y
stem
d
e
si
gn
S
y
st
e
m
desi
g
n
in the form
of
bl
oc
k d
i
a
g
ram
s
w
ill
s
h
ow
eac
h
su
b-b
l
oc
k tha
t
re
prese
n
ts i
t
s
func
tio
n i
n
the s
y
stem
a
s
a
w
hol
e
.
F
i
gure
1 show
s
the
b
l
ock d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
coin k
i
lo
Wa
tt
me
t
e
r
devel
o
p
e
d.
F
i
gure
1.
Bl
oc
k
of t
h
e
co
in k
i
lo Wa
t
t
ho
ur (
c
kWh)
m
e
ter
The
m
a
in com
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
ck
Wh me
ter i
s
a
n
A
r
dui
no
U
n
o micr
oco
n
tro
l
l
e
r
a
s
a
bra
i
n of thi
s
de
v
i
c
e
[2
5].
It has a f
unc
tio
n t
o
c
o
ntr
o
l
a
ll t
h
e su
b-com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
suc
h
as coi
n
ac
cept
o
r,
l
i
q
u
i
d-crys
tal d
i
s
p
la
y
(
L
CD
),
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J P
o
w
Elec
& D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
: 2088-
86
94
H
o
m
e
st
a
y
save
rent m
e
th
o
d
th
rou
gh co
nsum
e
r
self
-
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
ent …
(
D
irm
an
H
a
na
f
i
)
4
27
ki
l
o
w
a
t
t
ho
ur
me
ter
(
k
Wh
Me
ter
)
a
nd r
e
la
y.
A
ll con
t
r
o
l co
mm
ands a
r
e
compi
l
e
d
in pr
o
g
r
a
mm
ing co
d
e
.
Th
e
f
l
ow
c
h
ar
t
h
o
w
the
system
w
o
r
k
is sh
ow
n
by
F
i
gur
e
2 be
low
.
F
i
gur
e 2.
S
y
st
e
m
oper
a
tion f
l
ow
c
h
ar
t
2.
2.
C
o
in
acep
t
o
r
The c
o
i
n
acc
e
p
t
o
r
dev
i
c
e
is
a m
odu
le w
h
ic
h de
t
ects a
nd c
o
u
n
t
s t
h
e
num
be
r
of c
o
i
n
an
d the
n
sen
d
s
the si
g
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e Ar
dui
n
o
boar
d
[2
0,
21]
.
The ac
ce
pt
e
d
c
o
in
s cons
ist
o
f
f
o
ur
t
ype
s,
they
ar
e
1
r
i
ng
g
it
5
0
ce
nt,
20 ce
nt
a
nd 1
0
c
e
nt.
The c
o
in
ac
cept
o
r
has a func
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
n
se
r
ting c
o
i
n
s.
The t
o
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
o
ins t
h
at
ha
v
e
be
en en
ter
e
d
w
i
l
l
be
p
r
ocesse
d by A
r
dui
n
o
t
o
deter
m
ine t
h
e am
ount
i
n
th
e for
m
of m
oney and sh
ow
it
on the
LCD
di
s
p
lay.
The
n
the A
r
dui
n
o
w
i
l
l
send
signa
l to the
r
e
lay to
clos
e the con
t
ac
to
r
in
or
de
r
to
on
t
h
e
el
ec
t
r
i
c
ity
sou
r
ce
.
2.
3.
C
o
in
acep
t
o
r
com
p
on
en
t
The m
i
cr
oc
o
n
tr
oller
used i
n
thi
s
w
o
r
k
is A
r
du
i
no U
n
o.
Wher
e
this ty
pe of
micr
oco
n
t
r
o
ll
e
r
b
o
ar
d is
ba
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
A
T
me
ga3
28P
.
I
t
has 14 d
i
gita
l inp
u
t
or
ou
t
p
ut
pi
n
p
o
r
t
s w
h
ic
h
6 ca
n
be
use
d
as
P
W
M
out
pu
ts,
a
U
S
B
c
o
n
n
ect
i
o
n,
a
po
w
e
r
jac
k
,
an I
C
S
P
he
a
d
er
and a r
e
set
bu
t
t
o
n
.
I
n
or
der
to ge
t i
t
st
a
r
ted,
i
t
is esse
n
t
i
a
l t
o
sim
p
ly
co
n
n
ec
t
it
to a
com
p
ute
r
w
i
th
a USB
ca
ble or
p
o
wer
it wit
h
a
n
AC-to-DC a
d
a
p
ter
or ba
tte
ry [2
5]
.
A
r
dui
n
o
w
i
l
l
r
e
ceive
t
h
e
si
g
n
al
fr
om
the
coi
n
a
cce
ptor
as
descr
i
be
d e
a
r
lier
.
The
si
gna
l w
i
l
l
b
e
pr
o
c
esse
d,
t
h
e
fir
s
t i
s
to de
ter
m
ine the
am
ount o
f
the
t
o
tal
coi
n
s t
h
a
t
have
be
en inser
t
in for
m
of m
oney
an
d
di
sp
la
y i
t
on th
e
LCD
disp
lay
.
S
e
c
ond
is to
se
nd the com
m
and t
o
the r
e
lay t
o
clo
s
e the con
t
ac
tor
a
nd di
sp
lay
on t
h
e
LC
D
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
sour
ce
has be
e
n
on a
nd r
e
a
d
y to u
s
e.
F
u
r
t
her
m
or
e,
i
f
the c
o
nsum
er
con
n
e
c
t
s
an
e
q
u
i
pm
ent w
i
t
h
an e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
pow
e
r
sour
ce,
A
r
dui
no
w
i
l
l
ca
lcu
l
a
t
e the
to
ta
l p
o
w
e
r
of
the e
q
uipm
ent a
n
d
de
t
e
r
m
ine
how
lon
g
it
w
i
l
l
be ava
i
la
ble
t
o
allow
the co
ntac
t
o
r
to co
nne
c
t
and d
i
spla
y on
the LCD
sc
r
een.
A
t
tha
t
t
i
m
e
,
if
consum
er
s
r
e
duce
or
incr
ease
the n
u
m
b
er
of
equi
pme
n
t
or
loads co
n
n
ec
te
d,
at t
h
e
sa
me
t
i
m
e
Ar
duin
o
will rec
a
lcu
l
a
t
e
the
l
e
ng
t
h
of t
i
me
the
con
t
ac
t
o
r
can on a
n
d sh
ow
s it i
n
the
L
C
D
scre
en.
2.
4.
Li
q
u
id
-
cryst
a
l
d
i
sp
la
y
(
L
C
D
)
Ty
pe of
L
C
D
use
is
1
6
×2 L
C
D
d
i
sp
l
a
y.
I
t
s na
me
i
s
ba
se
d o
n
i
t
ha
s 1
6
C
o
lum
n
s a
nd
2 R
o
w
s
.
This
ty
pe is f
u
l
f
il
l
t
h
e
r
e
qu
ir
em
ent
of
the de
v
i
ce deve
lope
d.
F
i
gur
e 3
show
s
t
h
e phy
sic
a
l
for
m
of
LCD
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
Dr
i S
y
st
V
o
l.
11,
N
o
.
1,
Mar
202
0 :
425
–
432
42
8
F
i
gur
e 3.
Liq
u
i
d
-
c
r
y
sta
l
d
i
sp
la
y
(
L
CD
)
2.
5.
R
e
lay
The fu
nc
ti
o
n
o
f
the r
e
l
a
y
is to ope
n or
clos
e t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
it
c
onne
c
t
i
o
n
be
tw
e
e
n ckWh meter
and th
e
loa
d
s.
Whe
n
t
h
e A
r
dui
n
o
de
tec
t
s a
ny am
oun
t of
coi
n
(m
oney)
,
it sends
t
h
e
sig
n
a
l
to r
e
lay to c
l
o
s
e
the
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
or
.
A
f
ter
the tim
e on
of c
o
nt
a
c
t
or
ba
se
d on t
h
e
A
r
du
i
no c
a
lc
u
l
at
i
o
n
has be
e
n
r
eac
hed,
the
n
A
r
dui
n
o
se
nds si
g
n
a
l
to r
e
l
a
y
t
o
ope
n t
h
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
or
.
2
.
6
.
K
i
l
o
w
a
tt
ho
u
r
m
e
t
e
r
(k
W
h
M
e
te
r
)
K
ilow
a
t
t
ho
ur
m
e
ter
is the one
imp
o
r
t
a
n
t
com
pone
n
t
i
n
this
dev
i
ce
[
23,
2
4
]
.
I
t
has
f
unc
tio
ns to
de
t
e
rm
ine
t
h
e
ener
g
y
usa
g
e
and
di
s
p
la
y
it.
The
ty
pe o
f
t
h
e
k
W
h m
e
ter
is a
pu
lse t
y
p
e
,
it m
e
a
n
s
the
powe
r
use
d
in
ho
ur
i
s
cou
n
te
d
thr
o
ug
h p
u
l
se
.
Th
e
to
tal
pow
er
per
ho
ur
f
o
r
o
n
e
p
u
lse
(
) is
deter
m
ine
d
u
s
i
n
g
Equ
a
tio
n
.
(1
) to
(4
) b
e
lo
w:
_
10
00
36
00
(1
)
_
(2
)
_
(3
)
_
10
00
(4
)
W
h
ere:
is pulse
,
_
is p
u
lse r
a
te,
is pow
er
,
i
s
time
,
_
i
s
total p
u
lse,
and
i
s
pr
or
at
e
f
act
or
.
The
spec
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n of
th
e
kil
o
Wa
tt
ho
u
r
m
e
ter
used
in
th
i
s
st
u
dy i
s
e
l
ab
or
a
t
e
d
i
n
Ta
bl
e
1.
Tab
l
e 1. Spe
c
ifica
t
i
on
o
f
k
ilo watt
h
our m
e
ter
No
m
i
n
a
l volta
g
e (U
n)
120/2
30 AC
O
p
e
r
a
t
iona
l
volt
a
g
e
84
–
1
56V
A
C
/161
–
300V
AC
Ba
sic c
u
rre
nt
(Ib
)
5
A
/10A
/20A
Ma
xi
m
u
m ra
t
e
d
c
u
rre
nt (I
m
a
x)
6
0
A/6
3
A
/1
00
A
Op
er
at
io
n
a
l
c
u
r
r
en
t r
a
n
g
e
0.
04A
–
60A
/0.
0
8
A
–
100
A
Ove
r
c
u
rr
e
n
t
withs
t
a
n
d
1
800A
/3
000A
for
0.
01s
O
p
e
r
a
tiona
l fre
que
ncy
ra
ng
e
50/60H
z
±
10%
Inte
rna
l
powe
r
c
onsum
ption
≤
2W/10V
A
Te
st output
f
l
a
s
h r
a
t
e
(
R
ED
L
E
D
)
500 i
m
pu
l
s
e
s
p
e
r
kW
h
Bac
k
lit LC
D
display
7+
1 di
gits
Da
t
a
s
a
v
e
20
y
ea
r
s
Ma
xi
m
u
m
c
a
b
le
capac
it
y
25m
m
2
2.
7.
C
o
in
Kil
o
wat
t
Hou
r
Met
e
r
The com
b
ina
t
i
on
o
f
seve
r
a
l com
pone
nts tha
t
have
be
en
de
sc
r
i
be
d pr
evi
o
u
s
ly for
m
ed a
pr
oto
t
y
p
e of a
c
o
in k
i
l
o
w
a
tt
h
our
(
c
kWh)
meter
.
B
a
se
d
o
n
the c
i
r
c
u
i
t c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
on
the
pr
o
t
o
t
ype
of
c
k
Wh me
t
e
r
is fa
br
ica
t
e
d
.
Wher
e
t
h
e
top
view
a
nd fr
ont v
i
e
w
of the
pr
oto
t
ype o
f
ckW
h
me
t
e
r
a
r
e show
n by F
i
gur
e 4.
To
run t
h
is
e
q
u
i
pm
ent
i
t
is ne
cessa
r
y
to
have a
pr
o
g
r
a
m in t
h
e f
o
r
m
of a lis
t o
f
com
m
a
nds w
h
ic
h co
ve
r
s
h
o
w
ea
ch
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
t
'
s w
o
r
k
,
c
oor
dina
tion
of e
a
c
h
co
m
pone
n
t
an
d t
h
e w
o
r
k
in
g se
que
n
tia
l of
eac
h
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
.
Th
i
s
l
i
s
t
of
com
m
a
nds
w
i
l
l
be
em
bed
d
ed
i
n
t
h
e A
r
dui
no
boar
d
s
t
h
a
t
fu
nc
ti
o
n
a
s
the
br
ai
n of
ck
Wh m
e
ter
s
.
(a
)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e 4.
Pr
oto
t
y
p
e co
in
k
W
h me
ter
,
(
a
)
t
op vi
e
w
,
(
b
)
fr
ont
vie
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J P
o
w
Elec
& D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
: 2088-
86
94
H
o
m
e
st
a
y
save
rent m
e
th
o
d
th
rou
gh co
nsum
e
r
self
-
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
ent …
(
D
irm
an
H
a
na
f
i
)
4
29
3.
RESU
L
T
S A
ND
DIS
C
U
S
S
I
ON
In th
is
se
c
t
i
o
n, it is e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d t
h
e re
su
lts o
f
r
e
sea
r
ch a
nd at
the
sam
e
t
i
m
e
is gi
ven
th
e
c
o
mpr
e
he
nsi
v
e
di
sc
ussi
o
n
.
Resu
l
ts can be pr
e
s
en
ted in fi
gu
r
e
s,
gr
aphs,
tab
l
es and
o
t
her
s
that ma
ke t
h
e
r
eade
r
un
de
r
s
t
a
n
d
ea
si
l
y
[
2
,
7]
.
The disc
uss
i
o
n
c
a
n be
m
a
de
in sev
e
r
a
l
sub
-
cha
p
te
r
s
.
3.
1.
Powe
r c
o
nsumption
esti
m
a
tion
and tota
l
billin
g
F
i
r
s
tl
y,
t
o
es
t
i
m
a
t
e
the
t
o
ta
l a
m
oun
t
of loa
d
s in hom
es
tay.
The l
o
a
d
s
c
a
n
be elec
t
r
i
c
a
l
ap
pl
i
a
nces an
d
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
t
s
su
ch a
s
f
l
u
o
r
e
sc
e
n
t
la
mp,
ceil
i
ng fa
n,
ven
t
i
l
a
t
i
n
g fa
n,
a
i
r
-
con
d
iti
ona
l,
w
a
ter
heate
r
an
d
som
e
soc
k
e
t
ou
t
l
e
t
.
F
u
r
t
her
m
or
e
,
t
h
e
t
o
ta
l
l
o
a
d
w
i
l
l
be
c
a
lc
u
l
a
t
ed
t
o
deter
m
i
n
e the
m
a
xim
u
m dem
a
nd.
Fr
om th
i
s
da
t
a
,
i
t
ca
n be calcu
la
t
e
d
the tota
l h
o
ur
l
y
ene
r
gy
c
onsum
p
t
ion w
ith eq
ua
t
i
on.
(
5
)
:
x D x H
(5
)
We
r
e
:
i
s
tota
l
ener
g
y
per
hou
r
,
is m
a
xim
u
m
dem
a
nd,
D
is nu
m
b
er
of da
y a
nd
H
is ho
ur
.
O
n
e of
the h
o
m
e
s
t
a
ys in
P
a
r
i
t
Ra
ja
ar
e
a
,
B
a
t
u
P
a
ha
t
Jo
ho
r
Ma
l
a
ys
i
a
has
bee
n
take
n a
s
a
sa
mple in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
The
un
it
of el
e
c
tr
i
cal ap
pl
ia
nce
s
a
nd
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
ts is a
s
s
u
m
e
ba
sed o
n
n
o
r
m
al
se
mi-
d
e
t
ac
he
d
ho
use
3 r
ooms.
The
e
s
tim
ati
o
n
of tota
l ene
r
g
y
consum
pti
on is 4
86 k
W
h f
o
r
5
da
ys.
The e
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
bi
l
l
is ca
lcu
l
a
t
e
a
u
tom
a
t
i
ca
l
l
y base
d on
tar
i
f
f
f
r
o
m
TN
B sta
ndar
d
[1
9,
24,
25]
and
ob
ta
ine
d
to
ta
l
bi
ll
f
o
r
5 days
is RM
1
25.
6
0
.
T
h
e t
o
t
a
l
b
i
l
l
ha
v
e
b
e
en
ca
l
c
ul
a
t
ed
at
ma
xi
mu
m en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
um
p
t
i
o
n.
The
bil
l
can r
e
d
u
ce
i
f
the
use
r
s r
e
duc
e
e
l
e
c
tr
ici
t
y
c
o
n
s
um
p
tio
n.
The
summ
a
r
y of
ener
gy
dem
a
nd
f
o
r
m
i
nim
u
m
,
aver
age
an
d ma
x
i
m
u
m
base
d
on 5
di
ff
er
e
n
t
ty
pe
of h
o
u
ses
t
h
at ha
ve sup
p
l
y
f
r
om
the uti
l
i
t
i
es
com
p
any
a
r
e show
n
in
Ta
bl
e
2.
Tab
l
e
2.
S
u
mma
r
ises of
ene
r
g
y
de
ma
nd
No
Ty
p
e
of
house
s
Minim
u
m (
k
W
)
Av
er
ag
e
(
k
W)
Ma
xim
u
m
(kW
)
1
Low
c
o
st
f
l
a
t
s
,
sin
g
le s
t
o
r
e
y
t
e
r
r
ac
e
1.
5
2.
0
3.
0
2
Double
storey
t
e
r
r
a
c
e
or
a
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
3.
0
4.
0
5.
0
3
Si
n
g
le
st
or
e
y
,
se
m
i
-d
e
t
a
c
he
d
3.
0
5.
0
7.
0
4
Sin
g
le s
t
o
r
e
y
bun
g
a
l
ow
&
thr
e
e
-room
c
ondom
iniu
m
5.
0
7.
0
10.
0
5
Double
storey
bunga
l
o
w
&
luxury
c
ondom
ini
u
m
8.
0
12.
0
15.
0
3.
2.
C
o
in
acce
p
t
or p
r
e
c
isi
o
n
p
e
r
f
orman
c
e
t
e
st
Coi
n
a
cce
p
t
or
have
the
i
r
ow
n
numbe
r
of pr
ecis
i
o
n
for
m
nu
m
b
e
r
1 to 25 t
o
detec
t
the
t
ype
s of co
i
n
whe
n
inse
rt in
t
o
t
h
e sl
it
[
2
2
]
.
The
sma
l
le
r t
h
e
numbe
r,
t
h
e
mor
e
ac
cura
te the
pre
c
is
i
o
n b
u
t
the s
u
g
g
es
tion
in
m
a
nua
l
is
num
be
r
8.
O
n
ly 4
test
in
g w
h
ic
h is
the
selecte
d
n
u
m
b
er
pr
ecisi
o
n
a
r
e
num
ber
1,
num
ber
8,
n
u
mbe
r
16 a
nd
num
ber
25 w
i
th 6 d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e coi
n
s f
o
r
20 tim
es.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5 r
e
pr
esent
s
the c
o
i
n
acc
e
p
t
o
r
tes
t
r
e
sul
t
.
The
r
e
sults have
ta
k
e
n fr
om
t
h
e
se
r
i
al moni
t
o
r
in
A
r
duino so
ft
w
a
r
e
.
To
r
un the ser
i
a
l
m
oni
tor
,
the Ar
dui
n
o
bo
a
r
d
sho
u
l
d
con
n
e
c
t
ed w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
o
m
puter
us
i
n
g U
n
ive
r
sal S
e
r
i
a
l
B
u
s (
U
S
B
)
a
nd com
p
ile
d
in
t
o
t
h
e
A
r
du
i
n
o boar
d
.
F
i
gur
e 5.
C
o
in a
cce
ptor
tes
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
Dr
i S
y
st
V
o
l.
11,
N
o
.
1,
Mar
202
0 :
425
–
432
43
0
Th
e
t
a
bl
e a
bove
sh
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
on
l
y
1
ti
me
t
h
e
f
a
l
s
e
o
c
c
u
rre
d
b
y
th
e
co
i
n
acce
p
t
o
r
in
d
e
t
e
rmi
n
ing
the
ty
pe
of c
o
i
n
e
n
t
e
re
d.
Tria
l
s
f
o
r e
ach
ty
pe
o
f
c
o
i
n
are
ca
rried
ou
t 4
0
tim
es.
The false
is
hap
p
e
n
for
20
ce
nts
c
o
in type
(
2
.
5
%)
.
Whi
l
e for
othe
r
ty
pes of
c
o
ins,
10
0%
c
o
i
n
ac
cep
tor
s
can detec
t
cor
r
ectl
y
.
The
e
r
r
o
r
m
a
y
oc
cur
due
to t
h
e e
x
i
s
te
nc
e o
f
tw
o di
ffe
r
e
n
t
sizes f
o
r
20
cent
s
coi
n
s.
Wher
e
t
h
e
ne
w
20 ce
nts
c
o
in h
a
s a
sm
aller si
z
e
co
m
p
are
d
to
t
h
e old 2
0
ce
nt
s co
in.
3
.
3
.
Un
i
t
a
nd b
a
la
nce
The un
it is a uni
t
t
o
state t
h
e
a
m
oun
t of ener
gy ava
ila
ble
a
ccor
d
in
g t
o
t
h
e am
oun
t
of mon
e
y
(
R
i
n
g
g
i
t
Ma
la
ysia
) tha
t
ha
s be
e
n
en
t
e
re
d
in
t
o
the
coi
n
a
c
c
e
p
t
o
r. Wh
ile
ba
lanc
e in
di
c
a
tes
th
e am
oun
t
o
f
m
o
n
e
y
c
u
r
r
e
ntly
a
v
a
i
l
a
ble.
The data sho
w
n
by
F
i
gur
e
6
is
the data chan
g
i
n
g
,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
t
h
e
r
e
maini
ng mone
y fo
r ea
ch
one
p
u
l
se i
n
cr
ease
s
.
F
i
gur
e 6.
U
n
it
a
n
d
ba
la
nc
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
one
pu
l
s
e
incr
e
a
ses
A
b
o
v
e da
t
a
i
s
a
c
qu
ir
ed f
o
r
18 minu
tes tes
t
ing t
i
me
w
i
t
h
5
5
w
a
t
t
loa
d
,
50
0
pu
lse r
a
te of
kWh me
t
e
r
a
nd 2
0
c
e
n
t
s i
n
itia
l
ba
lance
s
.
3.
4.
C
o
mp
ari
s
on
b
e
t
w
ee
n
test
re
su
lt an
d
calcu
l
at
ion
r
e
su
lt
C
a
lcu
l
a
t
i
on be
low
s
how
s
t
h
e
va
lue
s
o
f
u
n
i
t
a
nd ba
l
a
nce i
n
1
8
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
a
ccor
d
i
n
g t
o
t
h
e da
ta
t
h
a
t
ha
ve be
e
n
t
a
ke
n.
10
00
36
00
50
0
55
60
10
00
36
00
0.5
B
a
se
d
on p
u
l
se
pe
r
min
pr
evi
o
us c
a
lc
ula
t
i
on r
e
su
l
t
,
i
t
mea
n
s
for
1
8
minu
tes t
i
m
e
l
o
a
d
su
pp
l
y
th
e
to
ta
l
pu
lse is 9
as bel
o
w:
18
min
0.5
18
m
i
n
9
The
n
,
the
num
ber
of un
i
t
is
10
00
2
9
10
00
0.01
8
Ta
r
i
ff s
hou
ld b
e
pa
i
d
f
o
r
18
m
i
n
u
te
s use of
5
5
w
a
tt
l
o
ad is
0.00
18
2.18
0.39
2
cent
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
H
o
m
e
sta
y
sav
e
re
nt m
e
th
o
d
th
rou
g
h
c
onsum
e
r
self-m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
… (D
irm
an H
ana
f
i
)
4
31
0.39
F
o
r har
d
w
a
re
exper
i
m
e
nta
l
t
e
st, r
e
sult for
uni
t an
d b
i
ll
a
r
e 0.
01
8
8
a
n
d 0.
388 ce
n
t
s rin
g
g
i
t
a
s
s
how
n
by Ta
bl
e
3.
Tab
l
e 3.
Com
p
a
r
iso
n
expe
r
i
me
nt
a
l
tes
t
an
d
ca
l
c
u
l
a
tio
n
resul
t
T
ype
of
C
o
m
p
a
r
iso
n
E
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
a
l
Ca
l
c
ul
a
tion
T
o
ta
l Puls
e
s
(
L
e
d
blinkin
g
)
9
9
Unit
0.
018
3
0.
018
T
o
ta
l
bi
ll
R
M
0.
0388
R
M
0.
39
Base
d
o
n
the
d
a
ta i
n
t
h
e ta
bl
e
abo
v
e,
there
appe
ars t
o
be a
sl
i
g
h
t
di
ffe
r
en
c
e
betw
e
e
n
the
da
t
a
fr
om
the e
xpe
r
i
me
nt a
nd the
resu
l
t
s of the
ca
l
c
u
l
a
tio
n.
The d
i
ffe
renc
e is 1.7%
gre
a
ter
t
h
a
n
the
u
n
it o
b
t
a
i
ne
d fr
om
the e
xpe
rime
n
t
t
h
a
n
the c
a
lc
u
l
at
i
on, the
n
the
to
ta
l
bill fr
om the
calc
u
l
a
tio
n of 0.5%
i
s
gr
eater
than the
tota
l
bi
ll o
b
ta
i
n
ed fr
om
the e
xpe
ri
me
nt. This
sm
all
differ
e
n
ce
ma
y occur
due
to the
dec
i
m
a
l
roun
di
ng d
o
n
e
in t
h
e
ca
l
c
u
l
a
tio
n.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Base
d
on the exper
i
m
e
nta
l
te
st
of
the
de
vi
c
e
devel
op,
it able to w
o
rk w
e
ll
.
The
coi
n
kWh
m
e
ter
c
a
n
ac
cept 1
0
cen
t
s
,
20 ce
nts,
50
c
e
nts a
nd 1 R
i
n
ggi
t c
o
i
n
s.
Fr
om
t
h
e
40 tr
ia
l
s
for
eac
h ty
pe of co
in,
on
l
y
one
fa
l
s
e
(2.
5
%) oc
cur
s
in
t
h
e 2
0
c
e
nt
c
o
in t
ype.
This
m
eans t
h
a
t
c
o
in acc
ep
t
o
rs
ha
ve go
od p
e
r
f
orm
a
nce
.
The un
it
ob
ta
ine
d
fr
om
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
me
n
t
is 1.
7
%
gr
e
a
ter
tha
n
fr
om
the
ca
l
c
ula
t
i
o
n,
th
e
n
t
h
e
to
ta
l b
i
l
l
fr
o
m
the
ca
l
c
u
l
a
tio
n is
0.5%
gre
a
ter
t
h
an
the to
ta
l bil
l
o
b
ta
i
n
e
d
fr
om the exper
i
m
e
nt. These
t
w
o differ
ence
s ar
e
smal
l
e
st
a
n
d
ca
n
ac
ce
p
t
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
a
u
th
ors
w
o
u
l
d
like
t
o
t
h
a
nks
to t
h
e
Re
gi
stra
r
O
ffice
of U
n
i
v
ersi
ti
T
un
H
u
ssei
n
O
n
n
Ma
lays
ia f
o
r
the
i
r sup
p
o
rt t
h
is pa
pe
r pub
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Un
it
H
o
m
e
st
ay
Bahag
i
an
P
e
mban
gun
an
Ind
u
s
t
ri,
"S
tatistik Terki
n
i P
r
o
g
ram
"
,
K
e
m
e
nteri P
e
l
a
ncon
gan
d
a
n
Keb
u
d
a
y
aan M
a
l
a
ys
ia, A
p
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N.
H
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l
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,
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m
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untu
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eko
nomi dan k
o
m
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i
,
"
Utus
an on
li
ne 15
J
u
l
a
i 20
16
, 5.
1
0
pm,
A
v
ail
a
bl
e:
ht
tp:/
/ww
w
.
u
tusan
.
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.
m
y
/rencan
a/u
t
am
a/h
o
m
e
s
t
ay-u
nt
uk
-ek
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i
-
d
a
n-k
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3
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0
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6
8
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J. Kas
u
m
a
,
et
al
.,
"
T
ou
ris
t
p
e
rcepti
on
to
ward
s
h
o
m
e
stay bu
sin
e
ss
es
: Sabah
exp
e
rien
ce,
"
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Sc
i
e
ntifi
c
Res
e
ar
ch a
n
d
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p
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,
"
C
h
a
llen
g
es
Faced
b
y
O
p
erat
ors to S
u
st
ain
Ho
m
e
st
ay
Bu
sines
s
es
i
n
Sel
a
n
g
or
Malaysia,
"
Interna
tio
nal
J
o
ur
na
l o
f
In
no
vation
i
n
S
o
ci
al
Scien
ces,
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l
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,
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N
.
A. H
a
lim., "Ho
m
es
t
a
y:
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ng
ext
r
a inco
me,
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New
Strait
Tim
e
,
M
a
rch
8,
2
018
(O
n
l
ine),
A
v
ail
a
bl
e:
ht
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w
w
.
n
s
t.
com
.
m
y
/
p
ro
perty
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/
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2954
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om
est
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ra
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rch 8
,
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C.S T
a
n,
et
a
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.,
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ricity energ
y
ou
tl
ook
i
n
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s
ia,
"
pres
ented
at
4
t
h
Inter
n
a
t
io
nal Conferen
ce
o
n
Ener
gy an
d
En
viro
n
m
ent
2013
(
I
CEE
20
13
)
,
M
a
rch 5
-
6,
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B. Dik
h
anb
aev
,
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l
.
,
"En
e
rgy-s
a
vi
ng
m
e
th
od
f
o
r techn
o
g
e
ni
c wa
s
t
e p
r
oces
sin
g
,
"
PLoS O
N
E
,
vo
l.
12,
no
. 1
2
, Dec 2
017
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[8]
S
.
T.
T
e
ong
-Ji
n
,
et al
., "
W
hat a
r
e t
h
e Att
r
acti
v
enes
s Asp
ects
that Inf
l
u
e
nce Cu
sto
m
er
Lo
yalty
to
Ho
m
e
s
t
ays? A
S
t
u
dy in Ta
i
w
an,
"
J
u
rna
l
Pe
ng
ur
usa
n
, vo
l. 48
, pp
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2
0
1
-
2
1
8
,
De
c
.
20
16
.
[9]
Vi
ctoria Stat
e Gov
e
rnmen
t
,
"En
e
rgy co
ns
ervati
o
n
: 1
0
ways t
o
save en
ergy,
"
From htps
://w
ww.victor
i
anener
gysaver.vi
c.gov
.
au/ save-e
nergy-and-money/
top-10-way
s-t
o
-sa
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e-on-energy-bi
lls,
Jul
6,
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18
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G.
V.
Iana & C.
M
o
n
ea,
"
C
o
i
n
rec
o
gn
it
io
n
sy
st
em
b
a
sed
on
a n
e
ural n
e
tw
ork,
"
i
n
th
e 20
14
6
th
Internation
a
l
Con
f
eren
ce on
El
ectr
onics,
Compu
t
ers
an
d
Artifici
al
In
t
e
llig
e
n
t (ECAI)
,
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23
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,
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14
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[11]
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u
n
j
an,
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,
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o
m
atic g
a
dget
charg
e
r usin
g co
in det
e
ction",
P
r
es
ented at
1
st
In
tern
a
tio
nal Co
nfer
ence o
n
Next G
e
nera
ti
on Com
putin
g
T
e
ch
no
lo
gies
(
N
GCT
-
2
0
1
5
)
,
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,
"
C
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i
n
o
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erat
ed wat
e
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p
en
ser,"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l Resea
r
ch
Jo
ur
n
a
l
of En
gin
eeri
n
g
and
T
echno
logy
(I
R
J
E
T
)
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a
y 2
0
1
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[13]
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arwal
.
, "
I
n
t
ro
ductio
n on
en
ergy
m
e
ter:
diff
eren
t typ
e
s o
f
energ
y
m
e
ters,"
ED
GEFX T
echn
o
l
ogi
es
Pvt
Lt
d
(Onl
i
n
e). Avail
a
bl
e
:
h
t
tps
:
/
/
w
w
w.edge
f
x
.
i
n/
introductio
n-on-energ
y
-m
eter-
d
iff
e
rent
-t
y
p
es-of
-
energy
-m
eters/,
Ma
rc
h
20
16
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
Dr
i S
y
st
V
o
l.
11,
N
o
.
1,
Mar
202
0 :
425
–
432
43
2
[14]
S.
Ba
rre
tt
.
,
"
A
rdu
i
no
m
i
c
r
o
c
on
tro
l
le
r
pro
c
e
s
sing
for
e
v
e
r
yo
ne
,"
3
th
E
d
ition
,
Morga
n
&
C
l
aypool
P
u
bl
i
s
hers
, 20
13
.J.
L
.
Ro
j
a
s-Rent
eri
a
,
et a
l
.,
“A
n
Electri
cal E
n
ergy
Con
s
u
m
pti
on Mo
n
ito
rin
g
an
d Forecas
ti
ng
Sy
st
em
”,
En
g
i
neeri
ng,
T
ech
nol
og
y
&
Appl
ied
Sc
i
e
nce R
e
sear
ch
, v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
5,
pp
. 11
30
-11
32,
20
16
.
[15]
E
.
Vi
nagre
,
e
t
al., "E
lect
rical
ene
r
gy
consumpti
o
n f
o
rcast using
ext
e
rnal
f
a
cility
dat
a”, in 2015
IE
E
E
S
y
mposi
u
m
F
o
recast
Usi
n
g
Ex
tern
al F
aci
lity
Data, pp
. 6
5
9
-
6
6
4
,
7
-
10
Dec.,
2
0
15
.
[16]
T
e
naga Nasi
on
al
Berh
ad, "
E
lectrici
ty
Sup
p
l
y
App
l
ic
a
t
io
n Ha
nd
bo
ok
"
,
3
th
E
d
it
io
n,
Nu
r Jo
ha
n S
dn Bh
d
,
20
11
.
[17]
S
u
ruhan
j
ay
a Ten
a
ga, "T
oward
s
a word
clas
s
energy
sect
or",
E
n
ergy M
a
la
ysi
a
,
v
o
l.
7, 20
16
.
[18]
I. Sat
o
, D
i
ptaram
a,
at al., "Analy
si
s of
labo
rato
ries electri
cal
en
ergy
con
s
um
pti
on by v
i
su
a
liz
at
io
n
f
o
r sav
i
n
g
el
ectrical
energ
y
,"
In
ter
natio
nal
Jo
ur
na
l of Institut
ion
a
l Res
e
ar
ch
a
n
d
M
a
na
gemen
t
,
vo
l.
1,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
53
-66
,
20
17
.
[19]
"W
ay
t
o
redu
ce el
ectri
cit
y
con
s
um
p
t
i
on
at
h
o
m
e
",
The S
t
ar
on
line
,
W
e
dn
esd
a
y
,
2
6
F
e
b 201
4,
1:07 p
m
, Av
a
i
l
a
b
l
e:
htt
p
s
://
www.t
h
estar.com
.
m
y
/
n
ews/
nati
on/2014/02
/
26
/reducing-ele
c
t
r
icity-c
ons
u
m
p
tion-a
t
-hom
e/
[20]
M
.
R.
Bu
ncha,
et
a
l
., "Local
h
o
mes
t
ay
operat
o
r d
i
ll
em
a
:
bu
si
n
e
ss intent
i
o
n
or
f
a
mi
ly
intention,
"
International
Jo
ur
nal
of B
u
sine
s
s
and
M
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
, vo
l.
1
,
no.
2,
pp
. 1
12-1
1
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[21]
P
u
blic Ou
t
r
each and
Civ
i
l
S
o
ciety Divi
sio
n
, "ASEA
N
ho
m
e
st
a
y
stan
dard
,"
Asso
cia
t
i
on
o
f
S
outh
e
as
t Asian
Nati
ons
(
A
SEAN
)
,
20
16
.
[22]
N
.
M A
yob
&
T.
M
a
s
r
on
,
"
I
s
s
u
e
s
on s
a
f
e
ty
an
d
secu
rity
:
New
c
h
all
e
ng
in
g
to
Mal
a
ys
ia to
uris
m ind
u
s
t
ry
,
"
i
n
SHW
W
e
b Co
n
f
e
r
ence
,
vol. 1
2
,
pp
. 1
-
10,
20
14
.
[23]
A
.
S
a
rwar.,
"M
edical
tou
r
ism
in M
a
lay
s
i
a
:
P
r
os
pect an
d
chal
len
g
es
,"
Ir
ani
an Jour
na
l of Publi
c
He
al
th
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
no
. 8
,
p
p
. 795
-80
5
,
Aug.
201
3.
[24]
E.
M
.
U
g
l
e
v
a
,
et a
l
.,
"Int
ell
i
g
e
nt
power co
ns
um
ptio
n man
a
gem
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
"
IE
RI P
r
oced
ia
,
vo
l.
4
,
p
p
.
11
7-1
2
2, 20
14
.
[25]
R.
K
a
ro
ly
&
C. D
.
D
u
mi
tru, "Man
a
g
em
ent
o
f
a p
o
wer
s
y
st
e
m
based
o
n
renew
a
b
l
e en
ergy
,"
P
r
oced
ia
T
ech
no
log
y
,
v
o
l
.
12
, p
p
.
69
3-69
7,
20
14
.
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Di
rman
H
a
n
a
fi
D
i
rm
an Han
a
fi
recei
ved
th
e
P
h
.D
.
deg
r
ee
in
M
echat
ron
i
c E
ngineeri
ng
(sp
e
c
i
ali
zed i
n
Con
t
rol an
d In
strum
e
nt
ati
o
n
En
g
i
neerin
g) f
r
om
the D
e
part
men
t
of
Co
n
t
rol and
Roboti
c
Eng
i
neering,
Facul
t
y o
f
El
ectr
i
cal Eng
i
n
eeri
ng,
Un
i
v
ersiti Teknologi
Malaysia
(U
T
M
)
,
M
a
lays
ia i
n
2006.
Current
ly
he is
wo
rki
ng at
Un
ivers
i
t
y
Tu
n H
u
s
s
ein
On
n
M
a
la
y
s
i
a
(UTH
M
)
as an A
sso
cia
t
e
P
r
of
ess
o
r an
d research
er.
H
i
s
research i
n
teres
t
s
are
i
n
th
e
fiel
d
of
S
y
stem
Id
e
n
tificat
io
n
and
Int
e
lli
g
en
t Con
t
ro
l
f
o
r a
p
plicat
ions in
vehi
c
l
e su
sp
ens
i
on
s
y
stems
,
ro
bo
ti
cs,
and
electrical
p
o
w
e
r
pl
ants.
Kam
a
l Khai
ri Kam
a
rud
d
in
receiv
e
d t
h
e B.S
c
. de
g
r
ee in
M
echat
roni
c and
Rob
o
t
i
c
Eng
i
n
eering
f
r
o
m
F
aculty
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
ical
and
Electro
ni
c
En
g
i
n
eerin
g,
Un
i
v
ers
i
ti
T
u
n
Huss
ein
Onn M
a
lay
s
i
a
(UTHM
)
, M
a
laysi
a
in
2
018
Hi
sya
m
Ab
du
l
Rah
m
an recei
ved th
e
P
h
.
D
.
degree
in M
echat
roni
c
E
ngineeri
n
g
(sp
ecialized in
Bio
m
edical
En
g
i
n
eerin
g) f
r
om
the
D
e
partm
e
n
t
o
f
Con
t
ro
l
and
Rob
o
ti
c En
g
i
neerin
g,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
El
ec
t
r
ical
En
gi
n
eeri
ng,
Univ
ers
i
ti Tekn
ol
ogi
M
a
laysi
a
(UT
M
), Malay
s
i
a
in
20
16.
Current
ly
h
e
i
s
wo
rkin
g
at
Univ
ersi
ty Tu
n Hu
ss
ein
On
n M
a
laysi
a
(UTHM
)
as a l
ectu
r
er
and
researcher.
His r
e
sear
ch i
n
tere
st
are i
n
robot
i
c an
d rehabilit
a
tion
after stroke injury
.
Yu
dhi
G
unardi current
ly
pu
rsuin
g
h
i
s
P
h
.D.d
eg
ree i
n
M
ech
atron
i
c E
ngin
eering
(s
pecial
ized
in
Rob
o
ti
c Co
n
t
ro
l E
n
g
i
neeri
n
g
)
in
the
Dep
a
rtm
e
n
t
of
M
ech
atronic
and
Ro
bo
tic E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
F
acult
y o
f
El
e
c
tri
cal and
Elect
ro
ni
c
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
,
Univers
i
ti Tu
n
Hu
ss
ein
O
nn M
a
lay
s
i
a
(UTHM).
Current
ly
he
i
s
w
o
rk
ing
at
Un
i
v
ers
i
t
a
s
M
e
rcu Bu
ana as
a lect
urer and
resear
ch
er.
H
i
s research
in
terest
i
s
co
ntrol sy
stem
in
roboti
c
app
l
i
cati
on.
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