I
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lect
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I
J
P
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Vo
l.
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.
3
,
Sep
tem
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er
202
1
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1
4
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I
SS
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1482
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s sh
o
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d
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h
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t
th
e
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
p
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o
p
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se
d
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o
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tr
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l
stra
teg
y
is
m
u
c
h
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tt
e
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th
a
n
th
a
t
o
f
th
e
trad
it
io
n
a
l
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
i
n
h
ig
h
a
n
d
l
o
w
win
d
sp
e
e
d
s,
th
e
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p
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se
d
c
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tro
l
sy
ste
m
o
p
e
ra
tes
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li
a
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ly
a
n
d
sta
b
ly
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
PID
co
n
tr
o
l
Pit
ch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
Sm
all
-
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
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c
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ss
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rticle
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n
d
e
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e
CC B
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SA
li
c
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n
se
.
C
o
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r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
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r
:
T
r
o
n
g
-
T
h
an
g
Ng
u
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en
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
i
ca
l a
n
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
T
h
u
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lo
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n
i
v
er
s
ity
1
7
5
T
a
y
So
n
,
D
o
n
g
Da,
Han
o
i
,
Vietn
am
E
m
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n
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e
n
tr
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th
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g
@
tlu
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u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
lar
g
est
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
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ce
s
o
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r
th
,
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d
th
is
is
clea
n
en
er
g
y
with
g
r
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o
ten
tial
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o
r
f
u
tu
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e
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wth
.
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e
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
o
f
tu
r
b
in
es
u
s
ed
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ec
o
n
o
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en
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th
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d
em
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d
f
o
r
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
(
SS
W
T
)
p
o
p
u
lar
ly
ap
p
lies
in
win
d
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
its
lo
w
c
o
s
t
an
d
ea
s
e
of
m
ain
t
en
an
ce
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
SS
W
T
h
as
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
wh
en
it
in
s
talls
in
m
o
u
n
tain
s
an
d
is
lan
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
th
ese
p
lace
s
,
th
e
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
is
v
er
y
co
m
p
licated
an
d
o
f
te
n
ch
an
g
ed
.
T
h
r
ee
m
ain
p
r
o
b
lem
s
n
e
ed
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
:
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
p
itc
h
-
an
g
le,
an
d
b
u
ild
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
t
o
r
ea
c
h
th
e
ef
f
ici
en
cy
m
a
x
im
ize
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
win
d
en
er
g
y
to
elec
tr
icity
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
till
f
e
w
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
MPPT,
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
s
m
all
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
e
MPPT
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
ed
with
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
th
e
d
esig
n
of
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
to
e
x
p
lo
it
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
o
f
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
th
e
p
itch
a
n
g
le
o
f
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
s
is
p
as
s
iv
e
an
g
le
f
lip
p
in
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
is
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
d
am
ag
e
d
u
r
in
g
h
i
g
h
win
d
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ab
o
v
e
lim
itatio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
Pit
ch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
e
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
f
e
d
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
av
o
i
d
d
am
ag
e
t
o
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
r
o
to
r
.
I
n
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
lar
g
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
MPPT
-
P
itch
an
g
le
m
eth
o
d
h
as b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
e
x
ten
s
iv
ely
.
I
n
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
wee
n
th
e
em
itted
p
o
wer
an
d
t
h
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
b
ased
o
n
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
p
itch
a
n
g
le
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
−
-
0
,
th
e
em
itted
p
o
wer
is
ch
a
n
g
ed
,
th
e
MPPT
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Th
e
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
mb
in
e
d
w
ith
p
itch
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l fo
r
t
h
e
s
ma
ll
-
s
ca
le
w
in
d
… (
Qu
a
n
g
-
V
i Ng
o
)
1483
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
er
ates.
I
n
th
e
wi
n
d
s
p
ee
d
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
-
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
in
n
o
r
m
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
p
o
wer
v
alu
e
is
b
elo
w
th
e
n
o
r
m
.
I
n
th
e
last
r
an
g
e,
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
-
−
,
th
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
o
p
e
r
at
es
with
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
,
b
u
t
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
lim
it
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le.
T
h
er
e
h
a
s
b
e
en
a
lo
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
on
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
m
ain
ty
p
es,
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
elec
t
ed
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
y
p
e
is
a
m
eth
o
d
b
as
ed
o
n
win
d
s
p
ee
d
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
two
m
et
h
o
d
s
:
o
p
tim
al
t
o
r
q
u
e
(
OT
)
an
d
tip
s
p
ee
d
r
a
t
io
(
T
SR
)
.
T
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
T
SR
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
s
im
p
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
148
2
–
149
3
1484
an
d
ea
s
y
to
a
p
p
ly
to
th
e
p
r
a
ctice
,
b
u
t
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
v
alu
e
is
d
i
s
tu
r
b
ed
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ch
a
n
g
in
g
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
m
eth
o
d
OT
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
s
im
p
le
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
f
ast
,
b
u
t
th
e
wi
n
d
s
p
ee
d
is
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
,
s
o
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
v
alu
e
is
n
o
t
r
ef
lecte
d
im
m
ed
iately
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ty
p
e
is
b
ased
o
n
p
o
wer
v
a
r
iatio
n
ch
ec
k
in
g
,
an
d
it
in
cl
u
d
es
th
r
ee
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
in
g
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
(
P&
O)
m
eth
o
d
,
with
t
h
e
o
th
er
n
am
e
is
h
ill
clim
b
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
(
HSC
)
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
in
g
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
le,
an
d
th
en
we
o
bs
e
r
v
e
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
wh
en
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
tar
g
et
f
u
n
ctio
n
e
q
u
al
to
ze
r
o
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
v
er
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
o
f
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile
o
p
er
atin
g
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
cr
ea
tes
s
tep
-
s
izes
with
two
ty
p
es:
f
ix
ed
an
d
v
a
r
iab
le
s
tep
-
s
ize
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
f
ix
ed
s
tep
s
ize,
wh
ile
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ch
an
g
es
,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
s
lo
w
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
[
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
with
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
-
s
ize
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
. T
h
e
s
e
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
q
u
ality
,
b
u
t th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
co
m
p
lex
,
an
d
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
s
lo
w
,
wh
ile
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
y
s
tem
is
h
ig
h
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
an
g
ed
.
T
h
e
in
cr
em
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
I
NC
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
two
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
:
one
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
[
4
]
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
we
d
ef
in
e
th
e
p
o
wer
an
d
th
en
b
u
il
d
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
b
etwe
en
p
o
wer
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
(
P
-
V)
.
T
h
is
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
is
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
at
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
(
MPP)
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
-
r
e
latio
n
-
b
ased
(
OR
B
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
p
o
wer
,
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
[
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
two
k
in
d
s
o
f
OR
B
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
:
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
-
less
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
th
e
f
ast
o
b
s
er
v
er
o
f
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
is
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t
o
f
k
n
o
wn
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
ty
p
e
is
th
e
p
o
we
r
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic
cu
r
v
e
wh
ic
h
r
eq
u
ests
th
e
ex
ac
t
p
o
wer
p
ar
a
m
eter
an
d
s
p
ee
d
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
is
th
e
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
(
PS
F)
alg
o
r
ith
m
wh
i
ch
d
em
an
d
s
th
e
ap
p
a
r
en
t
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
c
u
r
v
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
e
r
r
o
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
tu
r
b
in
e
p
o
wer
a
n
d
th
e
d
esire
d
p
o
wer
f
o
r
th
e
in
p
u
t sig
n
al
[
1
1
]
.
Oth
er
MPPT
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
:
in
tellig
en
t,
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
es
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
u
ilt b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
P&
O
an
d
OR
B
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
r
esear
c
h
[
4
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
,
s
u
ch
as
lin
ea
r
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
-
P&
O,
f
ir
ef
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
-
f
u
zz
y
,
im
p
r
o
v
is
ed
b
i
n
ar
y
s
eq
u
en
ce
-
P&
O,
ar
tific
ial
b
ee
c
o
lo
n
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
,
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
s
h
o
r
t
ci
r
cu
it
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
P&
O.
S
o
m
e
in
tellig
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
NN)
an
d
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
(
FLC).
T
h
e
FLC
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
an
d
it
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
e
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
wi
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
NN
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
n
o
t
n
ee
d
in
g
a
n
o
b
ject
m
o
d
el
[
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
is
th
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
'
s
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
with
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
lar
g
e
m
em
o
r
y
,
th
e
lo
n
g
tim
e
to
co
llect
s
am
p
les
an
d
tr
ain
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
lin
e
ar
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
0
]
an
d
th
e
b
ac
k
s
tep
p
in
g
m
eth
o
d
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
of
f
ast an
d
ex
ac
t c
o
n
tr
o
l p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
b
u
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
co
m
p
le
x
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
an
al
y
s
is
,
ea
ch
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
its
a
d
v
an
tag
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
n
ly
a
p
p
ly
to
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
n
o
t
m
an
y
wo
r
k
s
th
at
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
will
s
tu
d
y
to
b
u
ild
a
n
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
o
n
HC
S
with
a
v
ar
ia
b
le
s
te
p
s
ize.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
SS
W
T
Pit
ch
an
g
le
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
f
o
u
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
a
lin
ea
r
m
eth
o
d
,
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
PID
)
,
an
d
lin
ea
r
q
u
ad
r
atic
r
e
g
u
lato
r
(
L
QR
)
.
T
h
e
PID
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
t
h
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
of
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
s
i
m
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
s
o
it
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
B
u
t
with
t
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
PID
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
,
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
q
u
ality
is
n
o
t h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
L
QR
m
eth
o
d
is
a
s
tab
le
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
a
s
m
all
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
s
tab
le
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
R
icca
ti
eq
u
atio
n
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
'
s
q
u
a
lity
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
m
atr
ix
Q
an
d
m
at
r
ix
R
,
s
o
th
e
L
QR
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
u
ally
co
m
b
in
ed
with
t
h
e
i
n
tellig
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
m
atr
ix
K
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
m
eth
o
d
in
clu
d
e
s
two
ty
p
es
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
b
ac
k
s
t
ep
p
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
SM
C
m
eth
o
d
h
as
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
of
f
ast
an
d
s
tab
le
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
,
s
o
i
t
wid
ely
ap
p
lies
to
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
r
eq
u
est
k
n
o
w
s
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
an
d
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject.
Oth
er
wi
s
e,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
m
ak
es
c
h
atter
in
g
in
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
a
l
,
wh
ich
n
eg
ativ
ely
a
f
f
ec
t
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
'
s
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
s
tep
p
in
g
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
B
SC
)
m
eth
o
d
r
eq
u
ests
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
b
ject.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
well
in
th
e
s
tab
le
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
th
e
m
in
o
r
ch
a
n
g
in
g
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
[
2
9
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
is
co
n
s
tan
tly
ch
an
g
ed
,
s
o
th
e
B
SC
m
eth
o
d
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
u
s
u
ally
co
m
b
in
e
s
with
an
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
e,
s
u
ch
as
ad
ap
tiv
e
b
ac
k
s
tep
p
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
[
3
0
]
o
r
SMC
[
3
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Th
e
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
mb
in
e
d
w
ith
p
itch
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l fo
r
t
h
e
s
ma
ll
-
s
ca
le
w
in
d
… (
Qu
a
n
g
-
V
i Ng
o
)
1485
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
p
itch
an
g
le
c
o
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
s
T
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
m
et
h
o
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
a
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
c
an
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
cu
r
ately
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
s
et
v
alu
es
o
f
p
itch
an
g
le.
T
h
e
d
o
wn
s
id
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
it
tak
es
m
an
y
tr
ials
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
a
s
y
s
tem
with
a
lar
g
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
,
s
u
ch
as
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
,
ex
p
e
r
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
(
FLC)
is
a
g
o
o
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
[
3
4
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
r
u
le
tab
le
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
t
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
s
o
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
h
as
co
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
So
m
e
o
t
h
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
m
o
d
el
-
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
M
PC
)
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
MPC
u
s
e
s
th
e
p
ast
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
th
e
o
p
er
at
in
g
m
o
d
e
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
wh
en
ex
iti
ng
er
r
o
r
s
b
etwe
en
s
ig
n
als,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wil
l
n
o
t
s
ta
b
iliz
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
h
as
a
lo
n
g
s
am
p
lin
g
tim
e
,
s
o
it
r
e
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
E
s
p
ec
ially
f
o
r
a
lar
g
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
tim
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
,
s
o
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ap
p
ly
in
g
in
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
.
Hy
b
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
m
b
in
in
g
two
o
r
m
o
r
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
t
tak
es
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
f
ea
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
r
esear
ch
[
3
7
]
,
th
e
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
is
u
s
ed
wh
en
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
is
lin
ea
r
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
is
co
n
s
tan
t
,
an
d
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
o
v
e
r
th
e
n
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
wh
en
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
an
d
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ch
an
g
es.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
MPPT
an
d
Pit
ch
an
g
le
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
a
p
p
lied
to
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es,
b
u
t
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
ed
with
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
S
SW
T
.
T
h
is
r
esea
r
ch
will
s
tu
d
y
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
t
h
en
c
o
m
p
ar
e
ea
ch
ty
p
e
to
s
h
o
w
ea
ch
c
o
n
v
er
ter
'
s
ad
v
an
tag
es,
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
will
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
t
o
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
NING
T
H
E
CO
NT
R
O
L
SYS
T
E
M
F
O
R
SS
WT
2
.
1
.
T
he
m
o
del o
f
t
he
SS
WT
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
p
o
wer
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
as f
o
llo
win
g
(
1
)
-
(
4
)
[1
]
,
[
3
4
]
:
=
1
2
2
3
(
,
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
is
g
iv
en
as f
o
llo
ws:
(
,
)
=
0
.
5176
(
116
−
0
.
4
−
5
)
−
21
+
0
.
0068
(
2
)
W
ith
1
=
1
0
.
08
+
−
0
.
035
3
+
1
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
b
la
d
e
tip
s
p
ee
d
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws
:
=
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
148
2
–
149
3
1486
T
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws
:
=
(
4
)
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
c
u
r
v
e
b
etwe
e
n
an
d
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
SS
W
T
tu
r
b
in
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
cu
r
v
e
b
etwe
en
an
d
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
SS
W
T
tu
r
b
in
e
m
o
d
el
[
1
]
R
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
(
kW
)
Th
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
r
o
t
o
r
(
m
)
A
i
r
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
(
k
g
/
3
)
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
Ti
p
sp
e
e
d
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
R
a
t
e
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
(
m/
s
)
2
.
5
1
.
8
1
.
2
2
5
0
.
4
8
8
.
1
9
.
5
2
.
2
.
Desig
nin
g
t
he
co
nv
er
t
er
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
a
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tif
ier
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wid
ely
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
SS
W
T
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
c
h
ea
p
p
r
ice
[
3
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
MPPT
m
o
d
e,
th
is
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
is
n
o
t
an
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
th
e
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
d
u
m
m
y
lo
ad
,
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
an
g
le
f
li
p
p
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
tail
f
o
ld
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[
3
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
u
s
in
g
PMSG,
wh
en
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
lo
w,
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
is
n
o
t e
n
o
u
g
h
to
g
en
e
r
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
ed
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tifie
r
c
o
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
a
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
p
o
lar
n
u
m
b
er
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
wh
en
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
lo
w.
W
h
en
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
lim
it,
th
e
d
ev
ices su
ch
as
th
e
d
u
m
m
y
lo
a
d
,
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
b
lad
e
f
lip
p
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
tail
f
o
l
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ate
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
m
ak
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
cu
m
b
er
s
o
m
e
a
n
d
in
e
f
f
i
cien
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ty
p
e
is
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
DC
-
DC
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
wh
ich
in
c
lu
d
es
a
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tifie
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
PMSG
,
s
o
t
h
is
r
e
ctif
ier
is
ca
lled
a
m
ac
h
in
e
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
MSC
)
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
MSC
i
s
co
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
AC
s
o
u
r
ce
in
to
th
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
ad
ju
s
tin
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e,
f
in
ally
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
(
GSC
)
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
t
h
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
in
to
th
e
AC
s
o
u
r
c
e
with
its
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
am
p
litu
d
e,
a
n
d
p
h
ase
c
o
in
cid
e
to
th
e
g
r
i
d
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
ed
in
MSC
h
as
two
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
es:
it
is
ea
s
y
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
[
3
8
]
,
an
d
it
is
f
lex
ib
le
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
GSC
.
T
h
i
s
s
y
s
tem
h
as
a
lo
w
p
r
ic
e
an
d
a
s
im
p
le
f
ab
r
icatio
n
b
u
t
lo
w
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
ice
'
s
l
if
esp
an
is
lo
w
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
r
ev
er
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
d
io
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
s
witch
in
g
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
e
n
wo
r
k
in
g
i
n
h
ig
h
win
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
is
th
e
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
[
4
1
]
th
at
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
o
u
t
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
ice
,
s
o
it
is
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
wh
en
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
MSC
s
id
e
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
es
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
av
es
co
s
t
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
MSC
u
s
es
d
io
d
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
h
as
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
lo
w
ef
f
icien
cy
d
u
e
to
two
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
two
in
d
u
cto
r
s
. T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
ak
es th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
last
is
th
e
b
ac
k
-
bo
-
b
a
ck
co
n
v
er
t
er
PW
M.
T
h
e
r
ec
tifi
er
is
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
s
u
lated
g
ate
b
ip
o
lar
t
r
an
s
is
to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
wi
th
p
u
ls
e
-
with
-
m
o
d
u
lated
(
P
W
M)
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
h
as
th
e
r
o
le
of
lin
k
in
g
th
e
m
ed
iate
s
o
u
r
ce
with
th
e
i
n
v
e
r
ter
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
PMS
G
with
th
e
g
r
i
d
[
1
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
MSC
co
n
tr
o
l
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
ig
h
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
o
f
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
allo
ws
th
e
MSC
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
ee
d
in
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
wh
ile
th
e
GSC
ad
ju
s
ts
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ed
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Th
e
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
mb
in
e
d
w
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p
itch
a
n
g
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co
n
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o
l fo
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t
h
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ma
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… (
Qu
a
n
g
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V
i Ng
o
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1487
k
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p
th
e
DC
v
o
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co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
im
p
r
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v
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t
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g
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m
o
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d
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im
p
le
s
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r
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c
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m
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im
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m
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o
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p
o
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n
t
tr
ac
k
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n
g
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
o
lid
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.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
SS
W
T
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
a
b
le
2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
en
,
b
asin
g
o
n
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
ea
ch
ty
p
e
an
d
t
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
ch
o
s
e
th
e
b
ac
k
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to
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b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
PW
M
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
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2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ea
c
h
co
n
v
er
ter
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
D
i
o
d
e
b
r
i
d
g
e
B
o
o
st
D
C
-
DC
B
a
c
k
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to
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B
a
c
k
P
W
M
Z
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S
o
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r
c
e
D
i
o
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e
6
8
6
6
S
w
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t
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h
0
1
6
0
C
a
p
a
c
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t
o
r
1
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1
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n
d
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C
o
n
t
r
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l
N
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e
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e
Th
e
e
f
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e
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e
d
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t
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II
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o
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t
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e
d
i
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m
H
i
g
h
H
i
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t p
o
wer
an
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
2
.
3
.
Desig
nin
g
t
he
M
P
P
T
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
Fu
zz
y
co
n
t
r
o
ller
h
as
th
e
in
p
u
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
an
d
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
is
ap
p
lied
to
f
u
zz
y
law.
1
an
d
2
ar
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
es,
3
is
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
e
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
th
e
s
tep
k
,
an
d
it is
ca
lcu
late
d
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
,
[
]
=
[
−
1
]
+
,
0
(
5
)
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
s
et
-
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
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n
tr
o
ller
:
_
=
,
−
(
6
)
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
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t
v
alu
es
ar
e
f
u
zz
y
as
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ws:
d
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r
e
ase
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ig
(
DB
)
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
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ed
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u
m
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)
,
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r
ea
s
e
s
m
all
(
DS)
,
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r
o
(
Z
E
)
,
in
c
r
ea
s
e
s
m
all
(
I
S),
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
ed
iu
m
(
I
M)
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
ig
(
I
B
)
.
T
h
e
laws
ar
e
s
et
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
en
in
p
u
ts
an
d
s
ev
en
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
s
o
th
er
e
ar
e
4
9
f
u
zz
y
laws
,
s
u
ch
as T
ab
le
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
MP
PT
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
u
zz
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
148
2
–
149
3
1488
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
laws o
f
M
PP
T
,
0
DB
DM
DS
ZE
IS
IM
IB
DB
IB
IM
IS
ZE
DM
DB
DB
DM
IB
IM
IS
ZE
DS
DM
DB
DS
IS
IS
IS
ZE
DS
DM
DM
ZE
DB
DM
DS
ZE
IS
IM
IB
IS
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IS
IS
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DS
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IS
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DB
DB
DM
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IS
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2
.
4
.
Desig
nin
g
t
he
pitc
h a
ng
le
co
ntr
o
ller
W
e
u
s
ed
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
t
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le,
wh
ic
h
m
ay
b
e
th
e
AC
o
r
DC
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
to
r
s
er
v
o
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
e
en
tir
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t h
as th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial
as
:
=
−
1
er
+
1
(
7
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
:
(
)
(
)
=
1
er
+
1
(
8
)
W
h
er
e:
m
i
n
≤
≤
m
ax
.
(
)
≤
.
(
)
≤
.
(
)
w
ith
m
i
n
an
d
m
i
n
ar
e
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
es o
f
Pit
ch
an
g
le.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
f
u
zz
y
-
PID
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
f
o
r
th
e
SS
W
T
,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ap
p
l
ies
th
e
ex
p
er
t
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
n
o
t
t
o
r
e
q
u
est
th
e
ex
ac
t
m
ath
em
a
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
b
ject.
E
ac
h
i
n
p
u
t
v
a
lu
e
in
clu
d
e
s
f
iv
e
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
v
a
r
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
Neg
ativ
e
L
ar
g
e
(
NL
)
,
Neg
ativ
e
Sm
all
(
NS)
,
Z
er
o
(
Z
)
,
Po
s
itiv
e
Sm
all
(
PS
)
,
a
n
d
Po
s
itiv
e
L
a
r
g
e
(
PL)
.
E
ac
h
o
u
tp
u
t
v
al
u
es
in
c
lu
d
e
f
i
v
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
Po
s
itiv
e
Sm
all
(
PS
)
,
Po
s
itiv
e
Me
d
iu
m
(
P
M)
,
Po
s
itiv
e
Me
d
iu
m
L
a
r
g
e
(
PML
)
,
Po
s
itiv
e
L
ar
g
e
(
PL)
,
an
d
Po
s
itiv
e
Ver
y
L
ar
g
e
(
PVL)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
in
p
u
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
th
r
ee
o
u
t
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
,
s
o
th
er
e
ar
e
7
5
f
u
zz
y
laws p
r
esen
t in
T
a
b
le
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
laws o
f
p
it
ch
an
g
le
,
,
NL
NS
ZE
PS
PL
.
NL
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
M
/
P
M
/
P
M
P
M
L/
P
S
/
P
M
L
NS
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
S
/
P
V
L/
P
S
P
M
/
P
M
/
P
M
P
M
L/
P
S
/
P
M
L
ZE
P
S
/
P
L/
P
M
P
M
/
P
L
/
P
M
P
M
L/
P
M
L
/
P
M
L
P
L/
P
S
/
P
L
P
L/
P
S
/
P
L
PS
P
M
L/
P
L/
P
M
P
L/
P
M
L/
P
M
L
P
L/
P
L/
P
L
P
L/
P
L/
P
L
P
V
L/
P
V
L/
P
V
L
PL
P
M
L/
P
M
L
/
P
M
L
P
M
L/
P
M
/
P
M
L
P
L/
P
S
/
P
V
L
P
L/
P
S
/
P
V
L
P
V
L/
P
S
/
P
V
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Th
e
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
mb
in
e
d
w
ith
p
itch
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l fo
r
t
h
e
s
ma
ll
-
s
ca
le
w
in
d
… (
Qu
a
n
g
-
V
i Ng
o
)
1489
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
:
(
)
=
−
∗
(
)
+
(
)
(
9
)
3.
T
H
E
R
E
SU
L
T
S AN
D
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
em
it
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
o
wer
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
ed
with
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
f
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
u
n
d
er
th
e
n
o
r
m
v
alu
e,
th
e
p
itc
h
an
g
le
h
as
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
,
s
u
ch
as
=
0
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
in
th
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
al
s
o
s
et
u
p
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
HSC
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
.
I
f
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
v
alu
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
will
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
,
th
er
e
ar
e
two
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
t
r
o
ller
with
th
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
PID
.
F
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
to
b
e
o
b
jectiv
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
also
h
as th
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
a
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
f
ilter
,
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
(
2
2
0
/3
8
0
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
f
o
r
SS
W
T
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
-
1
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
p
r
o
f
i
le
with
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
v
alid
f
r
o
m
3
m
/s
-
1
3
m
/s
.
W
e
ca
n
d
e
ter
m
in
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
all
wo
r
k
in
g
m
o
d
es
o
f
MPPT
-
Pit
ch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
in
th
is
win
d
s
p
ee
d
r
an
g
e
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
u
n
d
e
r
9
.
5
m
/s
,
th
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
er
ates.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
v
er
9
.
5
m
/
s
,
th
e
Pit
ch
an
g
le
co
n
t
r
o
ller
is
ac
tiv
e.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
p
r
o
f
ile
with
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
v
alid
f
r
o
m
3
m
/s
-
1
3
m
/s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
148
2
–
149
3
1490
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
r
ea
ctiv
e
wh
en
th
e
win
d
s
p
e
ed
ch
an
g
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
t
th
e
tim
e
o
f
0
.
8
s
,
th
e
in
p
u
t w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
is
1
1
m
/s
,
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
is
ab
o
u
t
6
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
At
th
e
tim
e
o
f
1
s
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
is
1
3
m
/s
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
itc
h
an
g
le
is
ab
o
u
t
1
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
W
ith
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
,
we
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
alu
es
o
f
p
itch
an
g
le.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
as
th
e
HSC
-
PID
an
d
th
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
.
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
HS
C
-
PID
with
MPPT
u
s
ed
HS
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
with
th
e
MP
PT
u
s
ed
th
e
Fu
zz
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
th
e
f
u
zz
y
-
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
h
as
a
f
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
an
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
PMSG
in
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
3
-
1
3
m
/s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
h
as
a
b
etter
q
u
ali
ty
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
s
y
s
tem
is
f
aster
th
an
th
e
HSC
-
PID
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
n
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
p
itc
h
an
g
le
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
PMSG
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
o
wer
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
with
two
ca
s
e
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
At
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
,
with
lo
w
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
p
o
wer
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
n
o
t
h
ig
h
.
I
t
eq
u
als
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
al
u
e
in
a
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e.
B
u
t
a
f
ter
t
h
e
tim
e
o
f
0
.
2
s
,
th
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PI
D
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
etter
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
a
n
HSC
-
PID
,
th
e
p
o
wer
co
ef
f
icien
t
r
ea
ch
es
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
al
u
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
h
en
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
t
h
e
p
o
wer
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
Fu
zz
y
-
PID
s
y
s
tem
h
as
a
f
aster
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
th
an
th
e
HSC
-
PID
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
n
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Th
e
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
mb
in
e
d
w
ith
p
itch
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l fo
r
t
h
e
s
ma
ll
-
s
ca
le
w
in
d
… (
Qu
a
n
g
-
V
i Ng
o
)
1491
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
co
e
f
f
ici
en
t
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
ed
with
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
o
f
f
er
ed
a
s
u
itab
le
co
n
v
er
ter
to
ex
p
lo
it
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
in
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
SS
W
T
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Fu
zz
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
ap
p
ly
th
e
ex
p
e
r
t
ex
p
er
ien
c
e.
T
h
e
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
th
e
PID
with
its
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
d
ju
s
ted
b
y
th
e
Fu
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
b
u
ilt
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
b
ac
k
t
o
b
ac
k
PW
M
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
10
-
1
2
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
u
n
d
e
r
9
.
5
m
/s
,
th
e
MPPT
co
n
t
r
o
ller
wo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
o
v
e
r
9
.
5
m
/s
,
th
e
p
itch
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
m
u
ch
b
etter
t
h
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
h
ig
h
a
n
d
lo
w
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ca
s
es
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
o
p
er
ates w
ith
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
f
ast r
esp
o
n
s
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Q
.
-
V
.
Ng
o
,
C.
Yi,
a
n
d
T
.
-
T
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
“
Th
e
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
i
n
g
b
a
se
d
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
ste
m
fo
r
sm
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
win
d
t
u
rb
in
e
u
si
n
g
fu
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tric
a
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(I
J
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
10
,
p
p
.
3
9
2
7
-
3
9
3
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
1
0
i4
.
p
p
3
9
2
7
-
3
9
3
5
[2
]
P
.
A.
C.
Ro
c
h
a
,
J.
W.
C.
d
e
Ara
u
jo
,
R
.
J.
P
.
Li
m
a
,
M
.
E.
V.
d
a
S
il
v
a
,
D.
Alb
ier
o
,
C.
F
.
d
e
An
d
ra
d
e
,
a
n
d
F
.
O.
M
.
Ca
rn
e
iro
,
“
Th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
b
lad
e
p
i
tch
a
n
g
le o
n
t
h
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
m
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
win
d
tu
rb
i
n
e
in
u
rb
a
n
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
4
8
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
1
.
0
9
6
[3
]
M
.
A.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
A.
H.
M
.
Ya
t
im,
C.
W.
Tan
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
a
i
d
u
r
,
“
A
re
v
iew
o
f
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
fo
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
16
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
2
2
0
-
3
2
2
7
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
2
.
0
2
.
0
1
6
.
[4
]
D.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
K.
Ch
a
tt
e
rjee
,
“
A
re
v
iew
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
fo
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
55
,
p
p
.
9
5
7
-
9
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
rse
r.
2
0
1
5
.
1
1
.
0
1
3
.
[5
]
S.
M
e
ss
a
lt
i,
A.
Ha
rra
g
,
a
n
d
A.
Lo
u
k
riz,
“
A
n
e
w
v
a
ria
b
le
ste
p
siz
e
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
s
M
P
P
T
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
r:
Re
v
iew
,
sim
u
latio
n
a
n
d
h
a
rd
wa
re
imp
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
68
,
p
p
.
2
2
1
–
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
6
.
0
9
.
1
3
1
[6
]
R.
S
y
a
h
p
u
tra,
a
n
d
I
.
S
o
e
sa
n
ti
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
sm
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
”
,
E
n
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l
.
12
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
18
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/en
1
2
2
0
3
9
3
8
.
[7
]
H.
H.
H.
M
o
u
sa
,
A.
-
R.
Yo
u
ss
e
f
,
a
n
d
E.
E.
M
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
“
Va
riab
le
ste
p
siz
e
P
&
O
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
o
p
t
ima
l
p
o
we
r
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
p
h
a
se
P
M
S
G
b
a
se
d
win
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
8
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
-
2
3
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
ij
e
p
e
s.2
0
1
8
.
1
2
.
0
4
4
.
[8
]
I.
Ho
u
ss
a
m
o
,
F
.
L
o
c
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
M
.
S
e
c
h
il
a
ri
u
,
“
E
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
M
P
P
T
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
n
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
c
y
fo
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
46
,
pp
.
9
8
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
i
jep
e
s.2
0
1
2
.
1
0
.
0
4
8
.
[9
]
A.
S
a
c
h
a
n
,
A.
K.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
P
.
S
a
m
u
e
l,
“
A
re
v
iew
o
f
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
i
n
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Gr
e
e
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
8
5
-
4
0
2
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
3
0
5
2
/j
g
e
1
9
0
4
-
4
7
2
0
.
6
4
3
.
[1
0
]
D.
Zam
m
it
,
C.
S.
S
tain
e
s,
A.
M
ica
ll
e
f,
M
.
Ap
a
p
,
a
n
d
J
.
Li
c
a
ri,
“
In
c
re
m
e
n
tal
c
u
rre
n
t
b
a
se
d
M
P
P
T
fo
r
a
P
M
S
G
m
icro
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
in
a
g
ri
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
DC
m
icro
g
ri
d
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
8
4
-
2
2
9
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
2
.
6
3
1
.
[1
1
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
L.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Li
u
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
i
n
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
a
riab
le
s
p
e
e
d
fo
re
c
a
stin
g
f
o
r
win
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
ste
m
s,
”
Pro
c
e
ss
e
s
,
v
o
l.
7
,
1
5
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
18
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/p
r
7
0
3
0
1
5
8
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A.
Ab
d
u
l
lah
,
A.
H.
M
.
Ya
ti
m
,
a
n
d
C.
W
.
Tan
,
“
An
o
n
li
n
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
-
re
lati
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
4
Au
stra
la
si
a
n
Un
ive
rs
it
ies
Po
we
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(AUP
EC)
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/AUP
EC.
2
0
1
4
.
6
9
6
6
5
2
4
.
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