Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2015
, pp
. 59
4
~
60
2
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
5
94
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Co
mpar
iso
n
be
twe
e
n
a
n
Inte
r
l
e
ave
d Boo
st Co
nv
er
te
r a
nd CUK
Converter Fed BLDC motor
V. Ramesh, Y.
Kusuma
Latha
Department o
f
Electrical and
Electronics Engin
e
ering,
K
L Univ
ers
i
t
y
,
Vaddes
w
aram
, Ind
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
J
u
n 16, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Au
g 4, 201
5
Accepted Aug 20, 2015
There
is a great concern o
f
torq
ue ripple and p
o
wer quality
of
three ph
ase
voltag
e
source converter f
e
d
Perm
anent M
a
gnet Brushless DC Motor
(PMBLDCM). In this p
a
per
,
tw
o contro
l strateg
i
es for B
L
DC
motor drive
has
been inves
t
i
g
ated
. One of the cont
rol strateg
i
es is based on
PFC -
CUK
converter f
e
d P
M
BLDCM drive and
anoth
e
r o
n
e is PFC- inter
l
eav
ed boost
converter fed
B
L
DC motor driv
e. Comparison
has been mad
e
between
the
two control stragies in terms of To
rque ripple, Total h
a
rmonic distortion
(THD) and power factor for
diff
erent op
erating
speeds. Th
e pro
posed work
as been implemented under MATLAB/
simulink environment. Simulatio
n
results are pres
ented to validate pr
oposed work. From the results, it is
observed that PFC interleaved
Boost
converter
fed BLDC motor drive
is
more effectiv
e
compared to
CUK converter f
e
d
BLDC motor drive.
Keyword:
BLDC m
o
to
r
driv
e
CUK c
o
nv
erter
Int
e
rl
ea
ve
d bo
ost
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
Torque ripple
Tot
a
l
ha
rm
oni
cs di
st
o
r
t
i
o
n
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
V. Ram
e
sh,
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
K L Un
iv
ersity,
Vad
d
es
waram
,
G
unt
ur
Dt
,
A
n
dh
ra Pra
d
es
h, I
ndi
a - 5
2
2
5
0
2
.
Em
a
il: ra
m
e
sh
v
a
dd
i601
3@k
l
u
n
i
v
e
rsity.in
1.
INTRODUCTION
B
r
us
hl
ess
Di
r
ect
C
u
rre
nt
(
B
LDC
)
m
o
t
o
r
s
are
wi
del
y
use
d
f
o
r
va
ri
ous
ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons. T
h
ey
a
r
e
adva
nt
age
o
us
com
p
ared t
o
ot
he
r co
nt
em
pora
r
y
d
r
i
v
es
due to m
o
re efficiency,
hi
gh
er fl
u
x
den
s
i
t
y
, l
e
ss
main
ten
a
n
ce co
st, lo
wer in
terferen
ce (EMI), ru
gg
ed
and
wi
de- ra
nge of s
p
eed contro
l, A typ
i
cal BLDC
m
o
to
r
con
s
i
s
t
s
of st
at
or
whi
c
h has t
h
ree
phas
e
co
ncent
r
at
ed wi
n
d
i
n
gs an
d r
o
t
o
r co
nsi
s
t
i
ng
of
perm
anent
m
a
gnet
s
[1
]-[2
]
.
Hen
c
e th
is m
o
to
r is
called
electronically Co
mm
utated (EC
)
m
o
tor
due to
elec
tronic comm
utation
base
d o
n
Hal
l
Effect
se
nso
r
s
sensi
n
g t
h
e
po
si
t
i
on o
f
r
o
t
o
r
[3]
-
[
4]
.
It
i
s
di
ffe
rent
f
r
om
conve
nt
i
o
nal
DC
m
o
t
o
r
due t
o
abse
nce
of m
echani
cal
br
us
hes an
d c
o
m
m
ut
at
ed assem
b
l
y
[5]
-
[
6
]
.
The co
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
nal
co
nt
r
o
l
sch
e
m
e
of
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r d
r
aws c
u
r
r
e
n
t
fr
om
ac
m
a
i
n
s w
h
i
c
h c
ont
ai
n h
a
rm
oni
cs.I
n o
r
der t
o
achi
e
ve
hi
g
h
er
p
o
we
r f
act
or,
powe
r factor c
o
rrection c
o
nverter ar
e
use
d
.PFC converters fed BL
DC mo
tor con
t
ro
l the
m
o
to
r sp
eed
b
a
sed
on
vari
at
i
o
n
of
d
u
t
y
rat
i
o
of
p
u
l
s
e
wi
dt
h
m
odul
at
i
o
n
(P
W
M
) si
g
n
al
s
[7]
.
The s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
l
o
sses
are
p
r
op
ost
i
o
nal
on
squ
a
re
o
f
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
fre
que
n
c
y
[8]
.
C
o
nve
nt
i
onal
PFC
con
v
e
r
t
e
rs i
n
cl
ude
buc
k-
b
o
o
s
t
,
C
UK, Zet
a
con
v
e
r
t
e
r. Th
e di
sad
v
a
n
t
a
ges
of b
o
o
st
PFC
con
v
e
r
t
e
r base
d
di
rect
to
rq
u
e
co
n
t
ro
l
l
ed
(DTC
) BLDC m
o
to
r are co
m
p
lex
ity
in
co
n
t
ro
l an
d
switch
i
ng
lo
sses Fin
a
lly th
ese
co
nfigu
r
ation
s
efficien
tly redu
ces lo
sses in
t
h
e fron
t en
d
[10] .But the cos
t
increases
d
u
e
to
m
o
re req
u
ir
em
ent
of
n
u
m
b
er of
com
pone
nt
s.T
h
e si
n
g
l
e
p
h
as
e AC
su
p
p
l
y
t
h
r
o
ug
h
di
o
d
e
bri
dge
rect
i
f
i
e
r
fol
l
o
we
d by
DC
l
i
n
k
cap
acito
r is
u
s
ed
to driv
e th
e
BLDC m
o
to
r
[1
1
]
. Th
e cap
ac
itor
dra
w
s
high pulsed curre
nt
with a
pe
ak greater
t
h
an
fu
n
d
am
ent
a
l
i
nput
AC
m
a
i
n
s cur
r
ent
due t
o
t
h
e
u
n
c
ont
rol
l
e
d c
h
a
r
gi
n
g
of ca
paci
t
o
r
[1
2]
. T
h
i
s
r
e
sul
t
s
i
n
po
o
r
p
o
w
er
fa
ct
or,
hi
ghe
r T
H
D
an
d
hi
g
h
c
r
est
fact
or
[
13]
. S
o
po
wer
fac
t
or c
o
r
r
ect
i
o
n
con
v
e
r
t
e
r i
s
re
qui
re
d
fo
r BL
DC m
o
tor
d
r
ive
.I
n thi
s
case CU
K
D
C
-DC c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r is
u
s
ed fo
r
p
o
wer fact
o
r
co
rrectio
n.Th
e relativ
e
adva
nt
age
s
of
C
UK c
o
nv
ert
e
r
i
n
cl
u
d
e c
ont
i
n
uo
us i
n
put
a
n
d
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
and
sm
al
l
si
ze.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
59
4 – 602
59
5
I
n
t
h
is p
a
p
e
r, tw
o
con
t
ro
l str
a
teg
i
es f
o
r
BLDC
m
o
to
r
b
a
sed o
n
C
U
K
conver
t
er
an
d
i
n
ter
l
eav
ed
bo
ost
con
v
e
r
t
e
r has
been
de
vel
o
pe
d an
d com
p
ari
s
on i
s
m
a
de b
e
t
w
een t
h
i
s
t
w
o c
o
nt
rol
st
r
a
t
e
gi
es fo
r di
f
f
ere
n
t
ope
rat
i
n
g spee
ds. T
h
e per
f
o
r
m
ance of t
h
e B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
wi
t
h
in
terleav
ed
bo
o
s
t conv
erter is fo
un
d
to
b
e
qu
ite
g
ood
d
u
e
to
imp
r
ov
ed power
q
u
a
lity, less t
o
rq
u
e
ri
p
p
l
e,
torqu
e
an
d sm
o
o
t
h
co
n
t
ro
l
o
f
sp
eed
o
f
BLDC m
o
to
r.
2.
PROP
OSE
D
CO
NTR
O
L S
C
HE
MES F
O
R P
M
BLD
C
MOTO
R
2.
1
CU
K-
Co
nve
r
t
er
Based
VSI
FED PMBL
D
C
Mo
t
o
r
The
Fi
g
u
re
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
bl
oc
k
di
ag
ram
of C
U
K
co
n
v
ert
e
r
f
e
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
.T
he
AC
s
u
ppl
y
i
s
gi
ve
n
t
o
t
h
e di
ode
b
r
i
dge
rect
i
f
i
e
r.
The
vari
abl
e
D
C
out
put
of
bri
dge
rect
i
f
i
e
r i
s
fed t
o
C
U
K c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r. T
h
e
out
put
o
f
CUK co
nv
erter go
es to
three leg
in
v
e
rter
wh
ich
dr
ives
BLDC m
o
tor. The power
fac
t
or correcti
on
cont
rol
schem
e
i
s
based o
n
t
h
e pri
n
ci
pl
e of cu
rre
nt
m
u
lt
i
p
l
i
e
r
approach. This Involves in
the presence of
cu
rren
t lo
op
in
sid
e
sp
eed
co
n
t
ro
l loo
p
in
case o
f
con
tinu
o
u
s
co
ndu
ctio
n
o
f
th
e co
nv
erter. Th
e con
t
ro
l lo
op
starts with
pr
ocessi
ng
o
f
spee
d e
r
r
o
r
o
b
t
ai
ned
by
c
o
m
p
ari
n
g
t
h
e
act
ual
.
S
p
ee
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
desi
re
d
r
e
fere
nce s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
erro
r is
fed to th
e PI con
t
ro
ller to
ob
tain
t
h
e refere
nce t
o
rque and c
o
m
p
ared with a
c
tual torque
of BLDC
m
o
to
r. The resu
ltan
t
torqu
e
erro
r is m
u
ltip
li
ed
with
su
itab
l
e con
s
tan
t
am
p
lified
is ord
e
r to
p
r
ov
id
e i
n
p
u
t
t
o
refe
rence c
u
rre
n
t bloc
k. The
refere
nce curre
nt is co
m
p
ar
ed with
p
h
a
se curren
t
s, fed
to
BLDC m
o
to
r wh
ich
is
agai
n
fe
d t
o
h
y
s
t
e
resi
s cu
rre
nt
co
nt
r
o
l
.
Th
e hy
st
eresi
s
cu
rre
nt
c
ont
r
o
l
l
e
r
gene
rat
e
s
pl
uses
f
o
r
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
ree leg
i
n
verter.Fo
r
cu
rren
t co
n
t
ro
l
o
f
B
L
DC m
o
to
r
driv
e a rate limi
t
er is in
trodu
ced
,
wh
ich
limi
t
s th
e
cu
rren
t with
i
n
sp
ecified
limits
.
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
l
oc
k
di
ag
ram
of P
F
C
-
C
U
K c
o
nv
ert
e
r
fed
B
L
D
C
m
o
t
o
r
2.
2
Design
o
f
PF
C CU
K Co
nv
erter
The
desi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
po
we
r fa
ct
or c
o
r
r
ect
i
o
n
base
d C
U
K
con
v
e
r
t
e
r
fed
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
i
s
desc
ri
be
d i
n
t
h
e
f
o
llow
i
ng
secti
o
n.
The
dc l
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
ge o
f
t
h
e C
U
K c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r i
s
gi
ve
n
by
v
DV
1
D
(1
)
Whe
r
e
Vin is the a
v
era
g
e
output
o
f
t
h
e
di
od
e b
r
i
d
ge rect
i
f
i
e
r f
o
r a
gi
ve
n a
c
i
n
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge
(V
s)
2
√
2
∏
(2
)
Th
e C
U
K conver
t
er
u
s
es a boo
st indu
cto
r
(
L
i)
and
a cap
acit
o
r (
C
1
)
fo
r
en
er
g
y
tr
an
sf
er. Th
eir
v
a
lu
es ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
as,
L
DV
F
∆I
(3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Co
mp
arison
b
e
tween
an
In
terl
ea
ved Bo
o
s
t C
o
n
v
erter and
C
U
K Con
verter
Fed
BLDC
mo
t
o
r
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
59
6
C
DI
F
∆V
(4
)
Here
∆
I
Li
= Specified
ripple content in induct
o
r curre
nt
∆
V
C1
= Specified
ripp
le co
n
t
en
t in
i
n
term
ed
iate Cap
acito
r
(C
1
)
I
dc
= DC link
vo
ltag
e
A
filter
is d
e
si
g
n
e
d
to
ob
tained
v
o
ltag
e
free
fro
m
rip
p
l
e
at th
e
d
c
link
.Th
e
filter con
s
ists o
f
ind
u
c
tan
c
e (Lo
)
wh
ich
limits t
h
e
ripp
le con
t
en
t (
∆
I
LD)
wi
t
h
i
n
a
s
p
eci
fi
ed
val
u
e
f
o
r
pa
rt
i
c
ul
ar s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
fre
que
ncy
(F
s).T
he
cap
acito
r in ri
p
p
l
e
filter is calcu
l
ated
b
a
sed
o
n
allo
wed
ripp
le con
t
en
t
in
t
h
e
DC link
v
o
l
tag
e
(
∆
V
Cd
)
Th
e d
e
sign
of
L
0
and C
d
o
f
the ripp
le filter is g
i
v
e
n
b
y
L
1
D
V
F
∆
I
(5
)
2ɷ∆
(6
)
3.
INTERLEAVED BOOST
CO
NVERTER
BASED VSI
FED PMBLDC
MOTOR
Th
e Figu
r
e
2 sh
ow
s
th
e
i
n
ter
l
eave
d
boost conve
r
ter fed BLDC
m
o
tor dri
v
e
system
.
The
c
o
ntrol
schem
e
e
m
plo
y
s hysteresis current co
ntrol.
For t
h
ree phas
e of 3-hystersi
s current controllers
and 3- current
sens
ors a
r
e re
q
u
i
r
e
d
. T
h
e
AC
su
ppl
y
i
s
gi
v
e
n t
o
t
h
e
di
ode
bri
dge
rect
i
f
i
e
r
.
The
vari
a
b
l
e
DC
o
u
t
p
ut
o
f
bri
dge
rect
i
f
i
e
r i
s
fed
t
o
i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ved
bo
ost
c
o
nve
rt
er w
h
i
c
h i
s
a
g
ai
n f
e
d
t
o
c
o
nve
r
t
er. T
h
e
out
put
of
i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ve
d
bo
ost
co
nv
erter is g
i
v
e
n
to
three leg
in
v
e
rter wh
ich
driv
es B
L
DC m
o
tor. The powe
r fa
ctor correction control
sch
e
m
e
wo
rk
s
o
n
t
h
e prin
cip
l
e o
f
cu
rren
t mu
ltip
lier app
r
o
ach
.Wh
i
ch
Invo
lv
es in
t
h
e presen
ce of cu
rren
t lo
op
in
sid
e
sp
eed
co
n
t
ro
l loo
p
in
case o
f
con
tinu
o
u
s
co
ndu
ctio
n
o
f
th
e co
nv
erter. Th
e con
t
ro
l lo
op
starts with
pr
ocessi
ng
o
f
spee
d e
r
r
o
r
o
b
t
ai
ned
by
c
o
m
p
ari
n
g
t
h
e
act
ual
.
S
p
ee
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
desi
re
d
r
e
fere
nce s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
erro
r is
fed to th
e PI con
t
ro
ller to
ob
tain
t
h
e refere
nce t
o
rque and c
o
m
p
ared with a
c
tual torque
of BLDC
m
o
to
r. Th
e
resu
ltan
t
torqu
e
erro
r is m
u
ltip
li
ed
with
su
itab
l
e con
s
tan
t
and
a
m
p
lified
ord
e
r to pro
v
i
d
e
i
n
p
u
t
to
refe
rence c
u
r
r
e
n
t bloc
k.
The
r
e
fere
nce cu
rre
nt is com
p
ared with
ph
ase curren
t
s fed
to
B
L
DC m
o
to
r wh
ich
is
fed t
o
hy
st
ere
s
i
s
curre
nt
cont
rol
.
T
h
e hy
st
er
esi
s
curre
nt
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r gene
ra
t
e
s pl
uses f
o
r
ope
rat
i
o
n of t
h
ree l
e
g
in
v
e
rter; a
rate
li
miter is in
trod
u
c
ed
, wh
ic
h limits th
e cu
rrent with
in
sp
eci
fied
limits.
Fi
gu
re
2.
B
l
oc
k
di
ag
ram
of P
F
C
-
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
b
oost
co
n
v
ert
e
r fe
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
59
4 – 602
59
7
3.
1
Design
o
f
PF
C In
terl
ea
ved
B
oos
t Co
nve
r
t
er
The inductors
of i
n
terleave
d
boos
t c
o
nverte
r are
operating
continuo
u
s
co
n
duct
i
o
n
m
ode. The peak o
f
in
du
ctor cu
rren
t is h
i
g
h
e
r
du
e to lower co
ndu
ctio
n lo
ss
es of
th
e
bo
ost in
du
ctor
and is r
e
lated
t
o
r
i
pp
le
sp
ecification
of th
e curren
t
p
a
ssin
g
throug
h th
em
.
Th
e
ou
tpu
t
of t
h
e in
terleav
ed
co
nv
erter is
g
i
v
e
n b
y
1
1
(7
)
The L
s
of t
h
e i
n
terleave
d
boost conve
rter
2
1
1
(8
)
Here
Ts = sw
itch
i
ng p
e
r
i
od
I
in
= In
pu
t cu
rren
t
The l
o
ad curre
nt express is:
1
(9
)
The
value
of L
s
can be
obtained
by
1
2
(1
0)
For
no
rm
al
operat
i
on t
h
e
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge V
o
i
s
expect
e
d
t
o
be co
nst
a
nt
.
In o
r
de
r t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
co
nst
a
nt
out
put
Vo
ltag
e
is respectiv
e of
v
a
riat
io
n
i
n
lo
ad
curren
t of i
n
pu
t
V
0
ite
m
s
an
d
Vin
is written
as
(1
1)
Th
e in
pu
t cu
rren
t
I
in
in term
s o
f
ou
tpu
t
cu
rren
t I
0
is g
i
v
e
n by
1
(1
2)
O
u
t
p
ut
p
o
w
er
Po i
s
gi
ven
by
(1
3)
Th
e
r
i
pp
les in
cu
rr
en
t
of
th
e in
du
ctor
o
f
boost con
v
e
r
t
er
∆
I
L
i
s
gi
ve
n
by
(1
4)
Du
e to
t
h
e in
terleav
ed
o
p
e
ratio
n, th
e inp
u
t
cu
rren
t is th
e summa
tio
n
of t
w
o
b
o
o
s
t i
n
du
ct
o
r
curren
t
s.
Th
e
ripp
le in th
e inpu
t current is g
i
v
e
n
b
y
Δ
I
2
D
e
f
f
1
T
L
V
(1
5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Co
mp
arison
b
e
tween
an
In
terl
ea
ved Bo
o
s
t C
o
n
v
erter and
C
U
K Con
verter
Fed
BLDC
mo
t
o
r
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
59
8
Un
de
r cert
a
i
n
i
n
p
u
t
cu
rre
nt
ri
p
p
l
e
re
qui
re
m
e
nt
, i
n
d
u
ct
a
n
ces
of i
n
duct
o
r
L
1
and L
2
can are obtained.T
he
fre
que
ncy
of t
h
e ripple content in the
out
put
becom
e
s hi
gh
and a the l
o
ad
receives s
u
mmation
of c
u
rre
nt from
D
1
an
d D
2
Th
e
ou
tpu
t
ri
pp
le vo
ltag
e
∆
V
0
gi
ven
by
2
2
(1
6)
(1
7)
Δ
V
≅
Δ
V
Δ
V
(1
8)
4.
RESULTS
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ON
4.
1.
CU
K
–C
on
ver
t
er
and
Int
erl
eave
d B
oos
t
C
o
n
v
erter
B
a
se
d Si
x
Sw
i
t
ch
VSI
fed
P
M
B
L
D
C
M
Dri
v
e
Figu
re
3 s
h
ow
s CU
K c
o
n
v
er
ter (
3
.a
) a
nd i
n
terleave
d
b
o
o
s
t con
v
e
r
ter
(3
.b
). Fi
gu
re
4(a
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
st
at
or cu
rre
nt
wave
f
o
rm
of B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r wi
t
h
C
UK c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
.
The st
a
t
or cu
rre
nt
rea
c
hes t
o
a 2
2
.
5
Am
ps at
t=0
.
01
sec. Th
e stato
r
curren
t
attain
s a fin
a
l stead
y state v
a
lu
e o
f
4
.
8Am
p
s an
d
m
a
in
tain
s th
is v
a
lu
e there on
.
Fi
gu
re
4(
b)
sh
ows
t
h
e st
at
o
r
cur
r
ent
wa
vef
o
rm
of B
L
DC
m
o
to
r with
in
t
e
rleav
ed
boost
conve
rter.
The stator
current
reache
s
to a 22
.5
Amps at t=0.01sec
.
The
st
ator c
u
rre
nt attains a
final steady sta
t
e value
of
4.8Am
p
s
an
d m
a
in
tain
s th
is
v
a
lu
e t
h
ere
o
n
.
Fi
gu
re
3(a
)
.
C
U
K
co
n
v
ert
e
r
Fi
gu
re 3(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
co
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
3.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on di
a
g
ram
of
C
U
K
–C
o
n
v
e
rt
er Si
x S
w
i
t
c
h
VSI
fe
d
PM
B
L
DC
M
D
r
i
v
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
. CU
K-
co
nv
er
te
r
Fi
gu
re 4(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
co
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
4.
St
at
o
r
C
u
rre
nt
wave
f
o
rm
one
o
f
t
h
e p
h
ase
of
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
Fi
gu
re 5
(
a) s
h
ows t
h
e B
a
c
k
EM
F wave
fo
r
m
of B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r wi
t
h
C
U
K co
nve
rt
er. T
h
e bac
k
EM
F
wave
f
o
rm
of t
h
e B
L
DC
m
o
tor i
s
t
r
apez
oi
d
a
l
i
n
nat
u
re.
At
t
=
0.
01sec
t
h
e
back
EM
F
wa
ve f
o
rm
i
s
m
a
int
a
i
n
e
d
a
steady
value of
the 55V. And gra
d
ua
lly increase
s
there
on. At t=0.03
sec back EM
F reach
es to110V there
after m
a
in
tain
s co
n
s
tan
t
v
a
l
u
e Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
sho
w
s th
e Back
EMF wav
e
form o
f
BLDC
mo
tor with
in
terl
eav
ed
bo
ost
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r.T
h
e bac
k
EM
F wa
ve f
o
rm
i
s
t
r
apez
oi
da
l in
n
a
ture.
At t=0
.
0
1
s
ec th
e
b
ack EMF is m
a
in
tain
ed
a steady
value
of t
h
e
55V a
nd gra
d
ually
increases the
r
e
on t=0.03s
ec at
ba
ck
EMF reach
e
s to
1
10V th
ere after
main
tain
s con
s
tan
t
v
a
lue.
va
b
-
K-
r
ad2r
pm
1
Dis
c
re
t
e
,
T
s
=
5e
-
005
s
po
w
e
r
g
u
i
i
s
_a e_
a1
v
+
-
A
B
C
a
b
c
T
e
(N
.
m
)1
S
t
ep1
N
(rp
m
)
1
gm
DS
Mo
s
f
e
t
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
T
o
r
que
Go
t
o
9
p
u
l
s
es
_v
s
i
Go
t
o
3
Lt
Go
t
o
1
2
ia
a
Go
t
o
1
0
s
pee
d
Go
t
o
em
f
_abc
Gat
e
s
Ga
t
e
s
1
Sa
Fr
o
m
1
p
u
l
se
s_
v
s
i
Fr
o
m
m
a
k
H
a
ll em
f
_
abc
D
e
c
oder
1
A
B
+
-
DB
R
Tm
m
A
B
C
BL
D
C
<
S
t
a
t
o
r c
u
r
r
ent
is
_a (
A
)>
<
S
t
a
t
o
r bac
k
EM
F
e_
a (V)>
<
R
ot
or s
p
e
ed w
m
(rad
/
s
)
>
<
E
lec
t
rom
a
gnet
ic
t
o
rq
ue T
e
(N
*
m
)>
2
C
onn
1
1
Co
n
n
3
-
K-
r
ad2r
pm
1
Dis
c
r
e
t
e
,
T
s
=
5e
-
005
s
po
w
e
r
g
u
i
i
s
_a e_a1
A
B
C
a
b
c
T
e
(N
.
m
)1
S
t
ep1
N
(rp
m
)
1
g
m
D
S
g
m
D
S
NO
T
Logi
c
a
l
O
per
at
or
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
g
m
C
E
To
r
q
u
e
Go
t
o
9
p
u
l
s
es
_v
s
i
Go
t
o
3
Lt
G
o
t
o12
ia
a
G
o
t
o10
s
peed
Go
t
o
em
f
_abc
Gat
e
s
Ga
t
e
s
1
Sa
Fr
o
m
1
p
u
l
s
es
_v
s
i
Fr
o
m
H
a
ll em
f
_abc
D
e
c
o
der
1
A
B
+
-
DBR
Tm
m
A
B
C
BL
D
C
<
S
t
a
t
o
r c
u
rre
nt
is
_a (A)
>
<
S
t
a
t
o
r bac
k
EM
F
e_a (
V
)>
<
R
ot
or s
peed
w
m
(rad/
s
)
>
<
E
lec
t
rom
a
g
net
ic
t
o
rque
T
e
(N
*
m
)
>
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
-1
5
-1
0
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
S
t
at
o
r
c
u
r
r
ent
R
e
s
p
ons
e
Ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
C
u
rre
n
t
A
m
p
s
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
-1
5
-1
0
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
S
t
at
or c
u
rren
t
R
e
s
p
one
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
C
ur
r
ent
A
m
ps
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
59
4 – 602
59
9
Fi
gu
re 5(a
)
.
C
U
K
-
C
o
n
v
ert
e
r
Fi
gu
re 5(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
co
nve
ret
e
r
Fi
gu
re
5.
B
ack
EM
F
wave
f
o
r
m
one o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
of
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
Fi
gu
re
6(a
)
s
h
ows
t
h
e t
o
q
u
e
out
p
u
t
wa
vef
o
rm
at
speed
cor
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
1
5
00
r
p
m
wi
t
h
C
U
K
con
v
e
r
t
e
r.T
h
e
t
o
r
que
ri
ses t
o
17
.5
N-m
at
t
=
0.
01 se
c an
d l
a
t
e
r fl
uct
u
at
e
d
b
e
t
w
een
5.
5 N
-
m
Fi
gure
6(
b
)
sho
w
s
t
h
e t
o
que
o
u
t
p
ut
wa
ve
fo
rm
at
spee
d c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g t
o
15
0
0
r
p
m
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
co
nve
rt
er.
T
he
t
o
r
q
u
e
rises to 19N-m at t=0
.
0
1
sec an
d later fl
u
c
tu
ated
arou
nd
5
.
2
N-m
Fi
gu
re 6(a
)
.
C
U
K
-
C
o
n
v
ert
e
r
Fi
gu
re 6(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
co
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
6.
To
r
q
ue
out
put
wa
ve
f
o
rm
at
speed
cor
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
1
5
0
0
r
p
m
Fi
gu
re
7(a
)
s
h
ows
t
h
e t
o
r
q
u
e
o
u
t
p
ut
wa
ve
fo
rm
at
anot
h
e
r s
p
eed
val
u
e of
2
5
0
0
r
p
m
of B
L
DC
m
o
torwith CUK conve
rter.It is observe
d tha
t
the toque
rise
s initially at t=0.01 sec
from
0N-m
to
32N-m
and
l
a
t
e
r i
t
fl
uct
u
a
t
es bet
w
ee
n
5
N
-m
t
h
ere
o
n
wo
rd
.
Fi
g
u
re
7(
b)
s
h
o
w
s t
h
e t
o
q
u
e
o
u
t
p
ut
wa
vef
o
rm
at
anot
he
r
sp
eed
v
a
l
u
e of
2
500
rp
m
o
f
BLDC m
o
to
r wi
th
in
terleav
ed
b
o
o
s
t co
nv
erter. It is ob
serv
ed
th
at th
e torq
ue rises
in
itially at t=0
.
0
1
sec
fro
m
0
N
-m
to
31N-m and
la
ter it
fluctu
ates b
e
t
w
een
5
N
-m
th
ere on
words.
Fi
gu
re 7(a
)
.
C
U
K
-
C
o
n
v
ert
e
r
Fi
gu
re 7(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
co
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
7.
To
r
q
ue
out
put
wa
ve
f
o
rm
at
speed
cor
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
2
5
0
0
r
p
m
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
-20
0
-15
0
-10
0
-5
0
0
50
100
150
200
T
i
m
e
i
n
se
cs
S
t
at
or
V
o
t
age (
V
ot
s
)
Ba
c
k
EM
F
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
-2
00
-1
50
-1
00
-5
0
0
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
T
i
m
e
i
n
se
cs
S
t
at
or
V
o
t
age (
V
ot
s
)
Ba
c
k
EM
F
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
5
10
15
20
Ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
T
o
rq
u
e
(N
-m
)
T
o
r
q
ue
R
e
s
p
on
s
e
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
5
10
15
20
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
T
o
r
que
(
N
-m
)
T
o
r
q
u
e
R
e
s
pons
e
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
Tor
que(
N
-
m
)
T
o
r
q
ue
R
e
s
pons
e
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
T
o
r
q
ue R
e
s
pons
e
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
T
o
rq
u
e
(N
-m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Co
mp
arison
b
e
tween
an
In
terl
ea
ved Bo
o
s
t C
o
n
v
erter and
C
U
K Con
verter
Fed
BLDC
mo
t
o
r
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
60
0
Fi
gu
re
8(a
)
sh
ows t
h
e s
p
eed
wave
s f
o
rm
of
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r wi
t
h
C
U
K c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
.
T
h
e spe
e
d g
r
a
dual
l
y
reaches t
o
a va
lue of
1500 rpm and contains consta
nt
value
for the initiall
y opera
ting ra
nge of BLDC motor.
Fi
gu
re
8(
b)
s
h
ows
t
h
e s
p
ee
d
wa
ves f
o
rm
of B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
e
a
ved
b
o
o
st
co
nve
rt
er.
T
h
e s
p
eed
gra
d
ually reaches to a
value
of
15
00 rpm
and c
o
ntains c
onsta
nt val
u
e
for the initially ope
rating
ra
nge
of
BLDC m
o
to
r.
Fi
gu
re
8(a
)
.
C
U
K
–C
on
ve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
8(
b
)
.
Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
C
o
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
8.
S
p
ee
d
out
put
wa
ve
fo
rm
of t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e at
c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
l
o
ad
t
o
rq
ue
vari
abl
e
1
5
0
0
r
p
m
Fi
gu
re
9(a
)
s
h
ows
ha
rm
oni
c anal
y
s
i
s
o
f
su
ppl
y
c
u
r
r
ent
f
o
r C
U
K
co
n
v
e
r
t
e
r fe
d
PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e
running at 1500rpm
It is observe
d
that funda
m
e
ntal co
m
pone
nt has
hi
ghest value and dom
inating followe
d
by
l
o
we
r m
a
gn
i
t
ude 2
th
, 3
th
, 4
th
or
der a
g
ai
n
5
th
or
der
harm
oni
c co
nt
ent
i
s
prese
n
t
an
d
re
m
a
i
n
i
ng hi
g
h
er
or
der
h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs conten
t is n
e
g
lig
i
b
le. The to
tal h
a
rm
o
n
i
c d
i
sto
r
tion
(THD) v
a
lu
e
o
f
su
pp
ly cu
rren
t for CUK
con
v
e
r
t
e
r fed
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r dri
v
e sy
st
em
ope
rat
i
n
g at
150
0 r
p
m
i
s
1.97
%. Fi
g
u
re 9
(
b
)
sh
ows
Har
m
oni
c
anal
y
s
i
s
of
s
u
ppl
y
c
u
r
r
ent
f
o
r
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
B
oost
c
o
nve
rt
er fe
d PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e
ru
nni
ng
at
1
5
0
0
r
pm
It
i
s
obs
er
ved t
h
at
f
u
n
d
am
ent
a
l
com
ponent
ha
s h
i
ghest
val
u
e a
n
d d
o
m
i
nat
i
ng f
o
l
l
o
we
d
by
l
o
wer m
a
gni
t
u
de
of
2
th
,
3
th
, 4
th
o
r
de
r a
g
ai
n 5
th
or
der
harm
oni
c co
nt
ent
i
s
prese
n
t
and
re
m
a
i
n
i
ng hi
ghe
r o
r
der
harm
oni
cs co
n
t
ent
i
s
negl
i
g
i
b
l
e
. T
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
harm
oni
c di
st
ort
i
o
n
(T
HD
) val
u
e
of
sup
p
l
y
cu
rre
nt
fo
r i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ve
d b
o
o
st
co
n
v
er
t
e
r fed
BLD
C
m
o
to
r
dr
iv
e system
o
p
er
atin
g at 150
0 rp
m
is 2
.
00
%
Fi
gu
re
9(a
)
.
C
U
K
–C
on
ve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re 9(
b
)
. Int
e
rl
eave
d
B
o
ost
C
o
nve
rt
er
Fi
gr
ue
9.
Ha
rm
oni
c a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
cu
rre
n
t
fo
r C
UK
converter and
Interleave
d
Boost
Converte
r fe
d
PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e r
u
nni
ng
at
15
0
0
r
p
m
Fi
gu
re 1
0
(
a) s
h
o
w
s
harm
oni
c anal
y
s
i
s
of s
u
p
p
l
y
cur
r
e
n
t
f
o
r C
U
K c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r fe
d PM
B
L
DC
M
dri
v
e
running at 2500rpm
It is observe
d
that funda
m
e
ntal co
m
pone
nt has
hi
ghest value and dom
inating followe
d
by
l
e
ss
m
a
gni
t
ude
2
th
, 3
th
, 4
th
or
der a
n
d aga
i
n 5
th
o
r
de
r ha
rm
oni
c cont
e
n
t
i
s
present
a
n
d rem
a
i
n
i
ng hi
ghe
r
or
der
harm
oni
cs co
nt
ent
i
s
n
e
gl
i
g
i
b
l
e
.
T
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
harm
oni
c
di
st
ort
i
o
n
(T
H
D
)
val
u
e
of
s
u
ppl
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
o
r C
U
K
con
v
e
r
t
e
r fe
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
e sy
st
em
ope
rat
i
n
g at
250
0 r
p
m
i
s
1.27
%. Fi
g
u
re
1
0
(
b
) s
h
o
w
s ha
rm
oni
c
anal
y
s
i
s
of
s
u
ppl
y
c
u
r
r
ent
f
o
r
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
B
oost
c
o
nve
rt
er fe
d PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e
ru
nni
ng
at
2
5
0
0
r
pm
It
i
s
obs
er
ved t
h
at
f
u
n
d
am
ent
a
l
com
ponent
has
h
i
ghest
val
u
e a
nd
dom
i
n
at
i
n
g
fol
l
o
wed
by
l
e
ss
m
a
gni
t
u
de of
2
th
,
3t
h,
4t
h o
r
de
r and
a
g
ai
n 5
th
o
r
de
r harm
oni
c cont
e
n
t
i
s
pre
s
ent
a
n
d
rem
a
i
n
i
n
g
hi
ghe
r or
d
e
r harm
oni
cs
c
ont
e
n
t
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
20
0
40
0
60
0
80
0
10
00
12
00
14
00
16
00
T
i
m
e
i
n
se
cs
S
pee
d (
R
pm
)
S
p
ee
d Res
p
o
n
s
e
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
T
i
m
e
i
n
se
cs
S
p
ee
d (
R
pm
)
S
pee
d R
e
s
pon
s
e
0
50
0
10
00
15
00
20
00
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
F
r
e
que
nc
y
(H
z
)
F
u
n
d
a
m
en
t
a
l
(
5
0
H
z
)
=
6.
48
1
,
T
H
D
=
1.
9
7
%
M
ag
(%
of
Fun
dam
en
t
a
l
)
0
10
20
30
40
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
H
a
r
m
oni
c
or
der
F
undam
ent
a
l
(
50H
z
)
=
6.
477
,
T
H
D
=
2.
00%
M
a
g (%
o
f
F
u
n
dame
n
t
a
l
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
59
4 – 602
60
1
is n
e
g
lig
i
b
le. Th
e to
tal h
a
rm
o
n
i
c d
i
stortion
(THD)
v
a
lu
e
of sup
p
l
y cu
rr
en
t
f
o
r
in
ter
l
eav
ed
boo
st co
nv
erter
f
e
d
BLDC m
o
to
r
driv
e system
with
in
terleav
ed
bo
o
s
t
conv
erter
o
p
e
rating
at
2
5
0
0
rp
m
is 1
.
17%.
Fi
gu
re
1
0
(a
). C
U
K
–C
on
ve
rt
er
Fig
u
r
e
10
(b
).
In
ter
l
eav
ed
Boost Co
nv
er
ter
Figure
10.
Harm
onic analysis of s
u
pply current fo
r CUK co
nv
erter an
d Interleav
ed Boo
s
t Co
nv
erter fed
PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e r
u
nni
ng
r
u
nni
ng
at
2
5
0
0
r
pm
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
NS
Thi
s
pape
r
pr
esent
s
P
F
C
C
UK
co
n
v
ert
e
r
an
d PFC
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
co
nve
rt
er
ba
sed c
ont
ro
l
st
rat
e
gi
es fo
r B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
e.C
o
m
p
ari
s
i
on ha
s bee
n
m
a
de bet
w
een t
w
o co
nt
r
o
l
st
rat
e
gi
es but
PFC
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
b
o
o
st
con
v
e
r
t
e
r g
i
ves near
uni
t
y
po
wer fact
or
wi
de ra
nge
of
spee
d cont
rol
and
vari
at
i
o
n o
f
i
n
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge
. T
h
e I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
co
nv
ert
e
r
fed
dri
v
e res
u
l
t
s
i
n
t
o
rq
ue
ri
p
p
l
e
wi
t
h
s
m
oot
h spee
d
cont
rol
com
p
ared t
o
C
U
K converter fed
dri
v
e.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Vashist Bist
an
d Bhim Singh
“PFC Cuk Con
v
erter-Fed
BLD
C
Motor
Drive”, I
EEE Tr
ansactions on Power
Electronics, Vol. 30, NO.
2, Febr
uar
y
2015 8
71.
[2]
Yao-Ching Hsieh
,
Te-Ch
i
n Hsueh, and Hau-C
h
en Yen, “An Inte
rleaved Boo
s
t Converter
with Zero-Voltag
e
Transition
”
,
IE
E
E
Tr
ansac
tions o
n
Power El
ec
tro
n
ics, Vol
.
24
, N
o
. 4
,
APRIL 200
9.
[3]
Y. Chen, C
.
Chiu, Y. Jhang,
Z.
Tang,
and R.
Liang, “A driver f
o
r the singl
e ph
ase brushless DC fan motor with
h
y
brid
winding
structur
e”,
IEEE Trans.I
nd. Electron.
, Vol. 60
, N
o
. 10
, pp
. 4369–
4375, Oct. 2013
.
[4]
X. Huang, A. Goodman, C. Ge
rada, Y. Fang, an
d Q. Lu, “A
sing
le sided
matrix converter driv
e for a brushless DC
motor in aerospace
applications”,
IEEE Trans. In
d. Electron.
, Vol. 59
, No. 9, pp. 3
542–3552, Sep
.
2012.
[5]
W.
Cui,
Y.
Gong,
and M. H.
X
u
,
“A
permanent magnet brushless DC motor
wi
th bifi
lar windin
g
for autom
o
tiv
e
engine cooling
application
”
,
IEEE Trans. Magn.
,
Vol. 48
, No. 11,
pp. 3348–3351
,
Nov. 2012.
[6]
V. Bist and
B.
Singh, “An adju
st
able speed PFC bridgeless buck-boost
conv
erter fed B
L
DC motor drive”,
IE
EE
Trans. Ind. Electron.
, Vol. 61
,No. 6
,
pp
. 2665–26
77, Jun. 2014.
[7]
B. Singh and
V. Bist, “An improved power quality
br
i
dgeless Cuk conver
t
er fed B
L
DC motor drive for
air
condition
i
ng s
y
s
t
em
”,
IET
Pow
e
r El
ectron
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60
2
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
V.
Ramesh
rece
ived his
B.T
ech
degree
in El
ectr
i
cal
&
Electron
ics Engineering fr
om Vaagdevi
Institute of T
ech
nolog
y
and Sci
e
nce, Proddatur
,
I
ndia, M.T
ech degree from
Sreenivasa Institut
e
of Techno
log
y
and Managemen
t
Studies, Chitto
r, India
in 2008
and 2013 respectiv
ely
.
He
is
pres
entl
y purs
i
n
g
P
h
.D in K L Univers
i
t
y
, Vad
d
es
waram
,
India
.
His
areas
of in
teres
t
a
r
e P
o
wer
Ele
c
troni
cs &
Drives
Y. Kusuma La
tha
receiv
e
d th
e B.E (E
lec
t
ri
c
a
l and E
l
ec
tron
ics
Engine
ering
)
degree from
Nagarjuna Univ
ersity
, Guntur.A
.P, India, M.T
ech degree from Jawaharlal
Nehru
Technolog
ical
Universit
y
, Ana
n
tapur, Indi
a in
2000 and 2004 respect
ivel
y
.
She
receiv
e
d her PhD degree from
Jawaharlal Nehr
u Technolog
ical
University
, Anantapur, in 2011
. She is presently
working as an
Professor, Department of EEE,
K L University
,
Green Fields,
Vaddeswaram,
Guntur District.
Her are
a
s of in
t
e
rest
are Power
Qualit
y,
Harm
onic m
itig
ation
te
chniques,
Activ
e power f
ilt
ers
and DSP Contro
llers
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.