Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
1249
~
1258
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
1249
-
1258
1249
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Multi
-
m
achine tr
ansient s
tability
by u
sing stati
c synch
rono
us
series c
om
pensator
Nu
r
Ash
id
a S
alim
1
,
N
ur
Diyana Sh
ah
ir
ah M
ohd Zain
2
,
H
as
m
aini M
ohamad
3
,
Zuhaila
Mat
Ya
sin
4
,
Nu
r F
ad
il
ah A
b
Aziz
5
1
,2,3,
4
Facul
ty
of Electrical E
ng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersiti
T
eknol
ogi
MA
RA (UiT
M),
Se
l
angor
5
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Pow
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
U
nive
rsiti T
ena
g
a Nasional
,
Mal
ay
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
14
, 20
19
Re
vised
Feb
12
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
M
ar
3
, 2
0
20
Tra
nsien
t
st
abi
l
i
ty
in
power
sys
te
m
is
v
it
a
l
to
be
addr
essed
d
ue
to
l
arg
e
disturba
nc
es
that
coul
d
damage
t
he
sys
te
m
such
as
loa
d
ch
ange
s
and
vol
ta
ge
inc
re
ase
s.
Thi
s
pape
r
pr
ese
nts
a
mul
t
i
-
m
ac
hin
e
tra
nsien
t
stab
il
i
t
y
using
th
e
Stat
ic
Synchron
ous
Serie
s
Com
p
ensa
tor
(SS
SC
).
SS
SC
is
a
d
e
vic
e
th
at
is
conne
c
te
d
in
s
eri
es
wi
th
th
e
power
tr
ansm
ission
li
ne
and
produc
es
cont
rollabl
e
vo
ltage
which
cont
r
ibut
e
to
a
be
tt
er
per
for
ma
nc
e
in
the
power
sys
te
m
st
abi
l
it
y.
As
a
r
esult,
thi
s
rese
arc
h
h
as
ob
serve
d
a
com
p
ar
ison
of
th
e
synchroniz
a
ti
on
of
a
thr
ee
-
ph
ase
sys
te
m
during
single
-
ph
ase
f
a
ult
s
bef
or
e
and
aft
er
i
nstalli
ng
the
SS
SC
de
vic
e
.
In
addi
t
ion
,
thi
s
r
ese
ar
ch
i
nvesti
gates
the
abilit
y
of
th
ree
different
ty
pes
of
cont
ro
ll
e
rs
i.e.
Proportio
nal
I
nte
gr
al
(PI),
Proportion
al
In
t
egr
a
l
Deri
vat
ion
(PID
),
an
d
Gene
ri
c
con
tr
oll
ers
to
be
adde
d
to
the
SS
SC
im
prove
th
e
tra
nsi
ent
stabili
ty
as
it
c
annot
oper
ate
by
it
self
.
Thi
s
is
b
e
ca
use
th
e
im
pro
vem
en
t
is
too
s
ma
ll
and
not
able
to
ac
h
ie
ve
the
desir
ed
outp
ut.
Th
e
ta
sk
pr
e
sente
d
is
to
im
p
ro
ve
the
synchr
oniz
a
ti
on
of
the
sys
tem
a
nd
ti
me
t
ake
n
for
t
he
vol
ta
ge
to
st
abi
lize
due
to
th
e
fau
lt.
Th
e
simul
ation
r
esul
t
show
s
that
th
e
SS
SC
with
a
n
additional
co
ntrol
ler
ca
n
im
prove
the
st
abi
lity
of
a
m
ult
i
-
m
ac
h
ine
po
wer
sys
te
m
in
a
singl
e
phase
fau
lt.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Con
tr
oller
FA
CTS
d
e
vice
Power syste
m
sta
bili
ty
Stat
ic
sy
nc
hro
nous
series
com
pensat
or
Transi
ent sta
bili
ty
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nur Diya
na Sh
ahira
h Moh
d
Z
ai
n,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i
MARA
(U
iT
M
)
,
40450 S
hah A
l
am, S
el
a
ngor
Emai
l:
dieya
na
z12@
gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Power
sy
ste
m
op
e
rati
on
is
th
e
process
of
tr
ansmitt
ing
el
ect
rical
energ
y
base
d
on
re
qu
i
red
de
man
d.
Stabil
it
y
in
a
powe
r
sy
ste
m
is
the
a
bili
ty
of
t
he
s
ys
te
m
to
re
tur
n
to
normal
conditi
on
[
1
-
3]
w
hich
is
t
he
st
eady
sta
te
conditi
on
within
a
mi
nimu
m
possible
ti
me
after
a
tra
ns
ie
nt
fa
ult
or
disturba
nce
an
d
it
is
dep
e
nd
e
nt
o
n
the
be
ha
viour
of
t
he
s
ynch
r
onous
mac
hin
es
after
a
dist
urb
ance.
The
refore
,
sta
bili
ty
in
a
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
is
one
of
t
he
main
pro
blem
s
in
the
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
op
e
rati
on
[
4]
due
to
the
huge
dema
nd
f
or
w
hi
ch
the
re
is
a
ne
ed
to
add
t
he
instal
la
ti
on
[
5],
c
onne
ct
ion
,
or
ge
nerat
ion
of
a
la
rg
e
un
it
of
volt
ag
e
et
c.
W
hen
th
e
sy
ste
m
is
uns
ta
ble,
a
three
-
phase
sy
ste
m
will
osc
il
la
te
asyn
c
hro
nous
l
y
betw
een
eac
h
oth
e
r
a
nd
af
fect
the
s
ys
te
m.
St
abili
ty
disturba
nces
a
re
ca
us
e
d
by
l
oad
c
ha
ng
i
ng,
s
hort
ci
r
cuit
betwee
n
li
ne
a
nd
gro
und,
li
ne
to
li
ne
fa
ult,
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
fa
ult,
s
w
it
ching
,
et
c
[
6].
N
ormal
ly,
t
he
three
-
phase
fa
ult
is
the
m
os
t
commo
n
fa
ult
to
occ
u
r
as
it
causes
maxim
um
acce
le
rati
on
of the
connecte
d mac
hin
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
1249
–
1258
1250
Transi
ent
sta
bi
li
ty
is
ta
ken
i
nt
o
c
onside
rati
on
i
n
this
pa
pe
r
since
it
has
t
he
abili
ty
t
o
m
ai
ntain
a
nd
sy
nc
hro
nise
th
e
acce
le
rati
on
of
a
mac
hin
e
wh
e
n
it
is
subj
ect
ed
t
o
t
ran
sie
nt
distu
rb
a
nce.
T
he
t
ran
sie
nt
sta
bili
ty
of
a
mu
lt
i
-
mac
hin
e
syst
em
[7]
ca
n
be
maint
ai
ned
an
d
imp
rove
d
by
in
sta
ll
ing
a
Flexi
ble
AC
Tra
nsmi
ssi
on
Sy
ste
ms
(FAC
TS)
de
vice
[
8,
9].
F
ACTS
is
a
de
vice
that
is
eff
ect
ive
in
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
power
flo
w,
da
m
ping
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
osc
il
la
ti
on
s
a
n
d
im
pro
ving
the
c
ontrolla
bili
ty
an
d
tra
ns
f
er
ca
pa
bili
ty
of
a
powe
r
net
work.
FA
CTS
ca
n
al
so
co
ntr
ol
the
par
a
mete
rs
a
nd
var
ia
bles
of
a
transmissi
on
li
ne
su
c
h
as
li
ne
impeda
nce,
te
rmin
al
vo
lt
age
,
an
d
volt
age
an
gle
i
n
ef
fecti
ve
wa
ys
since
it
is
be
ing
inc
reasin
gl
y
us
e
d
in
po
w
er
s
ys
te
ms
c
urren
tl
y
[10].
T
her
e
a
re
man
y
F
ACTS
dev
ic
es
a
vaila
ble.
SS
SC
(S
ta
ti
c
Sy
nc
hro
nous
Se
ries
Co
m
pensat
or)
is
a
series
FA
CTS
de
vice
and
one
of
t
he
com
pone
nts
that
is
pro
pose
d
in
t
his
pa
per
as
a
wa
y
to
im
pro
ve
m
ulti
-
m
achine
transient
sta
bili
ty
[
11].
A
n
S
SSC
de
vice
wi
ll
gen
e
rate
AC
volt
age
a
nd
w
hen
co
nnect
ed
in
se
ries
to
a
powe
r
transmissi
on
li
ne,
it
is
a
ble
to
c
ontrol
th
ree
pa
rameter
s
si
mu
lt
ane
ously
s
uch
as
li
ne
im
ped
a
nce,
vo
lt
a
ge,
an
d
ph
a
se
an
gle.
T
his
pa
per
only
fo
c
us
es
on
t
he
eff
ect
of
vo
l
ta
ge
if
the
disturba
nce
occ
urs
and
t
he
di
ff
e
ren
ce
betwee
n
th
ree t
yp
e
s
of
SSSC
con
t
ro
ll
ers
whi
ch
a
re PI, PI
D, an
d Gen
e
ric c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
[12].
A
sim
ulati
on
of
sta
bili
ty
in
a
powe
r
syst
em
has
been
car
ried
out
by
us
i
ng
M
A
TLAB
Sim
ulink
[
13].
Simuli
nk
is
a
so
f
t
war
e
package
t
hat
e
na
bles
us
t
o
mode
l,
sim
ulate
,
a
nd
a
naly
se
s
ys
t
ems
w
ho
se
outpu
ts
change over
ti
me
[
14].
A
Si
mu
li
nk
s
ys
te
m is
config
ur
e
d
i
n
te
rm
s
of
a b
l
ock
dia
gr
am
w
hich
is
eas
y
t
o
bu
il
d
as
it
pro
vid
es
a
drag
-
dr
op
met
hod
to
bu
il
d
a
model
in
blo
c
k
diag
ra
m
a
nd
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
are
di
sp
la
ye
d
perfect
ly
[
8].
I
n
this
pap
e
r,
a
Simuli
nk
m
od
el
is
dev
el
op
e
d
to
imp
rove
t
he
mu
lt
i
-
mac
hine
sy
ste
m
by
us
ing
a
n
SSSC
dev
ic
e
a
s it
is w
idel
y u
sed for
researc
h work a
nd in
t
he fie
ld
of
pow
er syste
ms
[
9]
.
2.
CONCEPT
O
F STATI
C SY
NCHR
ONOU
S S
ER
IES
COMPE
N
SA
T
O
R
In
order
t
o
te
st
a
power
s
yst
em’s
sta
bili
ty,
a
tw
o
-
mac
hin
e
s
ys
te
m
i
s
connecte
d
with
a
Stat
ic
Synchr
onous
Series
Com
pe
ns
at
or
(SSSC
)
.
T
he
SSSC
c
onsist
s
of
a
vo
l
ta
ge
s
ource
c
onve
rter
a
nd
c
ouplin
g
trans
forme
r
t
h
a
t
will
co
nnect
t
o
a
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne
in
series
[15], [
16
]
. Th
e
SS
SC
is use
d
t
o
c
ontrol
the
a
ct
ive
and
reacti
ve
powe
r
in
t
he
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne
.
Ba
sed
on
Fi
gure
1,
t
he
tra
nsmi
ssion
li
ne
is
connecte
d
t
o
an
AC
sy
ste
m
a
nd
t
he
oth
e
r
side
is
a
capaci
tor
a
nd
batte
ry.
Th
e
ba
tt
ery
is
assu
m
ed
as
a
DC
source
t
o
al
low
a
ct
ive
powe
r
as
well
as
reacti
ve
power
exc
h
a
nges
with
the
AC
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
e
xc
hanges
of
rea
l
an
d
reacti
ve
powe
r
can
be
determi
ned
from
vo
lt
a
ge,
Vq
with
re
sp
ect
to
the
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne
[17]
.
I
n
Fig
ur
e
1,
V
dc
a
nd
V
ou
t
are
the
DC
volt
age
sourc
e
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
of
t
he
c
onver
te
r,
r
especti
vely
,
Ili
ne
is
the
li
ne
c
urren
t
w
hile
Ia
c
an
d
Id
c
are
t
he AC
current a
nd
D
C curre
nt,
re
spe
ct
ively.
Be
cause
of
t
he
operati
ng
c
harac
te
risti
c,
it
has
the
a
bili
ty
to
con
t
ro
l
the
ste
ady
sta
te
perf
orma
nce
an
d
play
a
m
or
e
imp
or
ta
nt
r
ole
i
n
reacti
ve
pow
er
a
nd
volt
age
[
18]
.
I
n
SS
SC
,
w
he
n
VS
C
is
co
nn
ect
e
d
i
n
series
with
the
c
oupling
tra
nsfo
rme
r
,
it
will
pr
oduc
e
con
tr
ollable
vo
lt
age
(
Vq)
in
qua
dr
at
ur
e
w
it
h
the
li
ne
current
to
perform
the
f
unct
ion
as
a
var
i
able
rea
ct
ance
com
pensat
or,
e
it
her
in
ca
pacit
ive
or
in
du
ct
iv
e
m
od
e
.
M
ea
nwhile
,
VS
C
us
es
a
for
ced
c
om
m
utate
d
po
wer
el
ect
ro
nic
de
vice
to
pro
du
ce
a
n
AC
vo
lt
a
ge
f
rom
a
DC
volt
age
s
ource
[12
,
16
,
18
,
19]
.
S
SSC
us
es
ad
diti
on
al
co
ntr
ollers
s
uc
h
as
Pro
portio
na
l
In
te
gr
al
(PI)
,
Pro
portio
nal
I
nteg
ral
Der
i
vative (
PID), a
nd G
e
ner
i
c co
ntr
oll
ers
to
mod
ulate
the i
nject
ed vo
lt
a
ge
of Vq
[
20]
.
Vq = ∆
Vq
+
V
qref
(1)
•
PI
c
ontrolle
r:
pro
portio
nal gai
n (Kps)
and
int
egr
al
gain
(Ki/
s)
•
PI
D
contr
oller:
prop
or
ti
onal
gai
n
(
K
pd),
i
ntegr
al
gain
(Ki/
s)
and
der
i
vative
g
ai
n (
K
ds
)
•
Gen
e
ric c
on
tr
ol
le
r: g
ai
n (Ks)
and ti
me c
on
st
ants (T1
,T2,T
3,T4
)
Bl
ock
diag
ram
of PI,
PID a
nd G
e
ner
ic
c
ontr
ollers as
in Fi
gure
2 to
Fig
ur
e
4
[
21]
.
In
Fi
gure
2
to
Figure
4,
V
qre
f
re
pr
ese
nts
the
ref
e
ren
ce
i
nject
ed
volt
age
as
desire
d
by
the
ste
ady
sta
te
powe
r
flo
w
c
ontr
ol
loop.
The
ste
ady
sta
te
powe
r
fl
ow
l
oo
p
act
s
quit
e
slo
wly,
he
nce
by
injec
ti
ng
the
V
qr
e
f
it
will
be
c
on
sta
nt
durin
g
the
di
sturb
a
nce
per
i
od
[22]
.
The
outp
ut
of
the
bl
ock
diag
ram
w
il
l
be
s
upplie
d
to
th
e
SSSC
an
d
the
desire
d
val
ue
of
Vqref
is
r
ecorde
d
to
dif
fer
e
ntiat
e
the
sta
bili
ty
ti
me
of
th
e
three
t
ypes
of
con
t
ro
ll
ers
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Multi
-
m
ach
i
ne t
ra
ns
ie
nt sta
bili
ty
b
y usi
ng sta
ti
c
synch
r
onou
s series c
ompe
ns
at
or
(
Nur
As
hida
Sa
li
m
)
1251
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
A
C
S
y
s
t
e
m
C
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
S
o
u
r
c
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
V
d
c
I
d
c
I
l
i
n
e
I
a
c
V
o
u
t
+
-
-
V
q
+
Figure
1. Stat
ic
sync
hrono
us
s
eries co
mp
e
ns
a
tor
Figure
2. SSS
C PI
c
ontr
oller b
loc
k diag
ram
K
p
d
K
i
/
S
K
d
*
S
+
+
I
n
p
u
t
P
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
l
D
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
V
q
r
e
f
V
q
r
e
f
+
Δ
V
q
Δ
V
q
V
q
m
a
x
V
q
m
i
n
O
u
t
p
u
t
Figure
3. SSS
C PI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
blo
c
k diagra
m
Figure
4. SSS
C
Ge
ner
ic
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
blo
c
k dia
gr
a
m
3.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
3.1 Multi
-
mac
hine m
od
el
The
mu
lt
i
-
ma
chine
m
od
el
consi
sts
of
t
w
o
powe
r
gen
e
rati
on
substat
ion
s
a
nd
one
load
centr
e
(dy
namic
l
oad)
at
bus
4
as
show
n
in
Fig
ure
5.
T
he
powe
r
gen
e
rati
on
G
1
and
G2
wer
e
s
et
as
210
0
MV
A
a
n
d
1400
M
V
A,
re
sp
ect
ively
w
hile
the
dy
namic
load
as
a
majo
r
loa
d
wa
s
set
as
2200
M
W
.
G1
is
c
onnecte
d
with
L1
with 280
km
an
d
L2
is
di
vid
e
d
by
tw
o
s
ides o
f
150
km
to
cr
eat
e
a
sin
gle
-
ph
ase
fa
ult
at
the
mi
dpoint
of
t
he
li
ne.
T
he
ge
ne
r
at
ion
G
2
is
c
onnect
e
d
with
L
3
of
50
km.
Aft
er
that,
to
im
pro
ve
the
sta
bili
ty,
t
he
SSSC
de
vice
will
be
lo
cat
ed
at
bus
B
2
in
s
eries
with
L
1
with
th
ree
t
yp
e
s
of
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
i.e.
P
I,
PID
a
nd
Gen
e
ric
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
[21]
as s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
6.
3.2 Multi
-
mac
hi
ne t
r
an
sie
n
t
stabil
ity
Firstl
y,
desi
gn
the
ci
rc
uit
diag
ram
by
usi
ng
M
A
TLAB
Sim
ulink
ba
sed
on
a
sin
gle
li
ne
di
agr
am
[
16]
wh
ic
h
c
onsist
s
of
powe
r
ge
ne
rati
on
as
a
power
s
ource,
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne,
loa
d
a
nd
bus.
Af
te
r
that,
set
al
l
th
e
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
com
pone
nt
s
that
ha
ve
be
en
use
d
t
o
av
oi
d
erro
rs.
Ch
oosin
g
s
uitable
par
a
mete
r
set
ti
ng
s
is
importa
nt
as
th
e
SSSC
de
vice
is
a
phaso
r
t
ype.
The
n,
r
un
t
he
sim
ulati
on
befor
e
a
nd
du
r
ing
the
fa
ult.
I
f
there
is
a
f
ault,
t
he
syst
em
will
become
unsta
ble
betwee
n
e
ach
phase.
T
he
refor
e
,
t
he
S
SSC
dev
ic
e
w
il
l
be
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
1249
–
1258
1252
impleme
nted
t
o
imp
r
ov
e
t
he
sy
ste
m
by
us
i
ng
th
ree
ty
pes
of
co
ntr
ollers.
F
inall
y,
rec
ord
t
he
ti
me
ta
ke
n
f
or
t
he
sy
ste
m
t
o
sta
bi
li
se
and
co
mpa
re
betwee
n
t
he
three
ty
pes
of
co
ntr
ollers.
The
overall
procedu
re
is
s
ho
wn
in
Figure
7.
G
1
G
2
T
1
T
2
L
o
a
d
L
o
a
d
L
o
a
d
L
1
L
2
-
1
L
2
-
2
L
3
B
1
B
2
B
4
B
3
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
L
o
a
d
Figure
5. Sin
gl
e li
ne
dia
gr
a
m
of m
ulti
-
machi
ne powe
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
ho
ut SSS
C de
vice
S
S
S
C
G
1
T
1
L
2
-
1
L
2
-
2
B
1
B
3
B
4
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
L
o
a
d
L
o
a
d
L
o
a
d
L
o
a
d
L
3
T
2
G
2
B
2
L
1
Figure
6. Sin
gl
e li
ne
dia
gr
a
m
of m
ulti
-
machi
ne powe
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
h SS
SC
de
vice
S
t
a
r
t
D
e
s
i
g
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
t
h
e
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
S
p
e
c
i
f
y
a
l
l
t
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
y
a
d
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
S
S
S
C
d
e
v
i
c
e
w
i
t
h
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
R
e
c
o
r
d
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
a
k
e
n
f
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
b
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
T
e
s
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
E
n
d
R
u
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
f
a
u
l
t
Y
e
s
N
o
Figure
7. Flo
w
char
t
of a c
omplet
e mu
lt
i
-
ma
chine
t
ran
sie
nt
sta
bili
ty sy
ste
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Multi
-
m
ach
i
ne t
ra
ns
ie
nt sta
bili
ty
b
y usi
ng sta
ti
c
synch
r
onou
s series c
ompe
ns
at
or
(
Nur
As
hida
Sa
li
m
)
1253
3.3 Multi
-
mac
hine system
wi
th
out
SSS
C
Figure
8
il
lustr
at
es
the
Sim
ulink
m
od
el
with
ou
t
a
ny
dist
urb
ance
occurri
ng
in
the
sy
ste
m
.
The
powe
r
gen
e
rati
on
bloc
k
that a
ct
s as t
he powe
r
s
ourc
e w
as
take
n
f
r
om
M
at
hwo
rk
[
23]
.
Figure
8. Sim
ul
ink
m
odel
of
mu
lt
i
-
mac
hin
e
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
without S
SSC
dev
ic
e
The
wa
veform
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
9
s
how
s
t
hat
the
sy
ste
m
vo
l
ta
ge
is
sta
ble
s
ince
eac
h
of
th
e
phases
i
s
sy
nc
hro
nous w
it
h
each
ot
her
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
FA
CTS
d
e
vice
is not re
quire
d d
ur
i
ng this c
onditi
on.
Figure
9. V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of m
ulti
-
mac
hine
pow
e
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
ho
ut f
a
ul
t
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND A
N
ALYSIS
Sy
ste
m
sta
bili
ty
was
te
ste
d
w
hen
a
sin
gle
phase
fa
ult
occ
urred
i
n
th
e
mi
ddle
of
t
he
tra
nsmi
ssion
li
ne
betwee
n
L
2
-
1 and L
2
-
2
a
nd s
et
ti
ng
ti
me to
fa
ult occ
urre
nce
is at t
he
ea
rly
sta
ge of
i
niti
al
sy
ste
m
sta
bili
sat
ion
.
4.1 Case
1:
Fa
ult
at
th
e
Begi
nning o
f
Sys
te
m
Figure
10 sho
ws
the
m
od
el
of a m
ulti
-
mac
hi
ne
syst
em use
d
in t
his r
ese
ar
ch.
T
he
si
ng
le
ph
a
se f
a
ult i
s
init
ia
te
d
at
L2
-
2.
The
an
al
ys
is
of the
stabil
it
y wil
l be e
xpla
ined
in
t
he follo
wing s
ub
-
sect
i
on.
Figure
10. M
odel
of a
m
ulti
-
machine
s
ys
te
m
use
d i
n
t
his
researc
h
Sin
g
le
p
h
ase
f
au
lt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
1249
–
1258
1254
4.1.1 Sin
gle p
ha
se
f
au
lt
of
multi
-
m
achin
e mo
del wit
hout SSS
C
de
vic
e
Durin
g
the
occ
urren
ce
of
a
si
ng
le
-
phase
fa
ul
t,
the
fa
ult
affe
ct
ed
the
s
ys
te
m
at
0.2
s
a
nd
the
ci
rc
uit
br
ea
ker
ope
ne
d
at
0.3
s
at
a
n
earl
y
sta
ge
of
fa
ult
as
s
hown
i
n
Fi
gure
11.
Af
te
r
cl
ea
r
ing
t
he
fa
ult,
Ph
ase
A
reache
d 1 p.
u
a
t 0.708
s.
Figure
11. V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of sin
gle phase
f
a
ult of m
ulti
-
machine
po
wer system
w
it
ho
ut
SS
SC
4.1.2 Sin
gle p
ha
se
f
au
lt
of
multi
-
m
achin
e mo
del wit
h
SSS
C
de
vice
An
SS
SC
dev
i
ce
is
pro
pose
d
in
t
his
resear
ch,
there
f
or
e
the
s
ys
te
m
is
i
mpro
ve
d
by
in
sta
ll
ing
the
SSSC
de
vice
that
is
c
onnecte
d
in
se
ries
wit
h
the
tra
ns
miss
ion
li
ne.
T
he
S
SSC
blo
c
k
diagr
a
m
ca
n
be
obta
ined
from
t
he
Sim
ulink
li
brar
y
a
nd
set
as
a
phas
or
ty
pe
wit
h
a
f
r
equ
e
nc
y
of
60
Hz.
T
he
model
is
show
n
in
Fi
gure
12. A
t t
he
be
gi
nn
i
ng
of the te
st, the SSSC
device
is test
ed wit
hout usi
ng
any
a
ddit
ion
al
con
t
ro
ll
er.
A
s
a resu
lt
,
Ph
ase
A
t
ook
0.6
962
s
to
reac
h
1p.
u
w
hich
is
0.0
12 s
faster
than
with
out u
sing
S
SSC.
T
hi
s
is
s
how
n
in
Figure
13.
Figure
12. Si
m
ulink m
od
el
of
sing
le
phase
fa
ult o
f
m
ulti
-
ma
chine p
ow
e
r
s
yst
em w
it
h SS
S
C
Figure
13. V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of sin
gle phase
f
a
ult of m
ulti
-
machine
po
wer system
w
it
h S
SSC
S
S
S
C
de
vice
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Multi
-
m
ach
i
ne t
ra
ns
ie
nt sta
bili
ty
b
y usi
ng sta
ti
c
synch
r
onou
s series c
ompe
ns
at
or
(
Nur
As
hida
Sa
li
m
)
1255
4.1.3 Sin
gle p
ha
se
f
au
lt
of
multi
-
m
achin
e mo
del wit
h
SSS
C
PI
cont
rolle
r
A
Pro
portion
al
I
nteg
ral
(PI)
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
14
w
hich
c
onsist
s
of
pro
portio
nal
a
nd
integrati
on
gai
n
blo
c
ks
[24]
.
The
i
nput
of
the
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
r
use
s
a
ngular
sp
ee
d
dev
ia
ti
on,
dw
f
rom
bo
t
h
machine
s.
Figure
14. SSS
C wit
h PI
c
ontr
oller
Af
te
r
i
ns
ta
ll
ing
the
S
SSC
with
a
PI
c
ontrol
le
r,
the
s
ys
te
m
became
sta
ble
at
0.
81
4
s
a
nd
each
p
has
e
os
ci
ll
at
ed
at
th
e
same
value
of
volt
age
at
1
p.u
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
15.
Since
the
P
I
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
us
e
d
angular
sp
ee
d
de
viati
on
dw
as
a
n
in
pu
t
to
t
he
V
qr
ef,
the
refor
e
t
he
dam
ping
of
Vqref
sta
bili
sed
at
8
s
as
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
16.
Figure
15.
V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of sin
gle phase
fau
lt
of
mu
lt
i
-
machine
po
wer system
w
it
h S
SSC
PI
c
ontrolle
r
Figure
16. V
qref
wav
e
form
of single
ph
a
se fa
ult
of m
ulti
-
machi
ne powe
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
h SS
SC
PI
con
t
ro
ll
er
4.1.4 Sin
gle p
ha
se
f
au
lt
of
multi
-
m
achin
e mo
del wit
h
SSS
C
PI
D
c
ontrolle
r
The
Propo
rtio
nal
I
nteg
ral
De
rivati
on
(P
I
D
)
con
t
ro
ll
er
co
nt
ai
ns
propo
rtio
nal,
i
ntegr
al
an
d
der
i
vative
gain bloc
ks
[25]. Th
e
PID c
ontr
oller also
use
s angu
la
r
sp
ee
d
de
viati
on, d
w
as a
n
in
pu
t t
o
the s
ys
te
m as
shown
in Figu
re
17.
X:8
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
1249
–
1258
1256
Figure
17. SSS
C wit
h PI
D
c
ontr
oller
Af
te
r
t
he
si
ng
l
e
-
phase
fau
lt
was
cl
eare
d,
t
he
sy
ste
m
beca
me
sta
ble
a
nd
sy
nc
hro
nous
w
it
h
each
oth
e
r
at
0.
77
6
s
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
18
a
nd
t
he
da
mp
in
g
of
Vqr
ef
sta
bili
sed
at
6
s
w
hich
is
mu
c
h
faste
r
th
an
the
P
I
con
t
ro
ll
er
an
d
i
s sho
wn in Fi
gure
19.
Figur
e
18. V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of sin
gle phase
fau
lt
of
mu
lt
i
-
machine
po
wer system
w
it
h S
SSC
PI
D
contr
oller.
Figure
19. V
qref
wav
e
form
of single
ph
a
se fa
ult
of m
ulti
-
machi
ne powe
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
h SS
SC
PI
D
con
t
ro
ll
er
4.1.5 Sin
gle p
ha
se
f
au
lt
of
multi
-
m
achin
e mo
del wit
h
SSS
C
Ge
neri
c contr
oller
Figure
20
sho
ws
the
bl
ock
di
agr
am
of
the
gen
e
ric
c
on
tr
ol
le
r.
Ba
sed
on
t
he
blo
c
k
diagram,
the
in
put
is
the
same
as
the
P
I
an
d
P
ID
co
ntr
ollers
w
hi
ch
us
e
an
gula
r
s
pee
d
de
viati
on,
dw
as
a
n
i
nput
pa
rameter
.
T
he
blo
c
k
diag
ram
co
ns
ist
s
of
a
washo
ut
that
ha
s
a
c
onsta
nt
va
lue
(
1
-
20
s
)
i
n
order
to
pa
ss
the
high
os
ci
l
la
ti
on
sign
al
to
t
he
ne
xt
bl
ock
a
nd
a
two
sta
ge
le
a
d
-
la
g
bl
ock
is
us
e
d
to
a
dju
st
the
phase
la
g
betwee
n
the
outg
oing
and
in
goin
g
sign
al
s
[
13]
. H
er
e
the
val
ue
of p
ara
mete
rs,
T
w
=
1
0,
T
2
= T
4
=
0
.
3
a
re
set
as
a
co
ns
ta
nt
a
nd g
ai
n,
T1
an
d
T3
a
re s
el
ect
ed
by
the
tria
l
a
nd
e
rror met
hod.
F
or
t
hi
s
pa
per,
t
he
sui
ta
ble
val
ues
w
ere g
ai
n
=
65.
49,
T
1
= 0
.
5527 a
nd T
3
=
0.2
563
[
20]
.
Figure
20. SSS
C ge
ner
ic
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
X:6
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Multi
-
m
ach
i
ne t
ra
ns
ie
nt sta
bili
ty
b
y usi
ng sta
ti
c
synch
r
onou
s series c
ompe
ns
at
or
(
Nur
As
hida
Sa
li
m
)
1257
As
a
res
ult,
Fi
gure
21
s
hows
the
s
ys
te
m
be
coming
sta
ble
at
0.773
7
s
an
d
eac
h
phase
osc
il
la
ti
ng
i
n
the
sa
me
value
of
volt
age
w
hi
ch
is
1
p.u.
Si
nce
t
he
an
gula
r
s
pee
d
de
viati
on
dw
was
al
so
us
e
d
as
a
n
in
pu
t
t
o
the Vq
ref
,
the
dam
ping
of Vq
ref
was
stable
at
2
s
as s
how
n i
n
Fi
g 22.
The
pe
rfo
rma
nc
e
re
su
lt
of
t
he
s
ys
te
m
sta
bili
ty
te
st
ha
s
bee
n
rec
orde
d
an
d
su
m
marise
d
a
s
in
Ta
ble
1.
Firstl
y,
the
sta
bili
ty
s
ys
te
m
was
te
ste
d
f
or
with
a
nd
with
out
the
S
SSC
de
vice.
As
a
F
A
CTS
dev
ic
e
is
capab
le
of
im
prov
i
ng
volt
age
sta
bili
ty
an
d
tran
sie
nt
sta
bili
ty,
on
e
F
ACTS
mem
be
r
,
the
S
SSC
de
vi
ce
was
instal
le
d
i
n
order
to
im
pro
ve
t
he
sta
bili
ty
an
d
preve
nt
unsta
ble
co
ndit
ion.
T
he
refor
e
,
SSSC
is
co
nne
ct
ed
in
se
ries
with
t
he
transmissi
on
li
ne
an
d
set
a
s
a
ph
as
or
t
yp
e
.
Sin
ce
t
he
pur
po
s
e
of
a
n
SS
SC
dev
ic
e
is
to
i
mpro
ve
tra
ns
ie
nt
sta
bili
ty,
the
va
lue
of
P
hase
A
inc
rease
d
to
0.83
p.u
but
di
d
no
t
reach
1
p.u
li
ke
the
oth
e
r
phases
.
As
a
resu
lt
,
the s
ys
te
m is s
ai
d
to
be u
ns
ta
ble w
it
ho
ut usi
ng any a
ddit
io
nal SS
SC c
on
tr
oller.
Since
the
s
ys
te
m
wa
s
sti
ll
no
t st
able
eve
n
t
hough
SSSC w
as
instal
le
d,
t
hr
e
e
typ
e
s o
f
c
ontrolle
rs
we
r
e
add
e
d
to
t
he
sy
ste
m
i.e.
propo
rtion
al
inte
gr
al
(
PI),
pro
portio
nal
integ
ral
der
i
vative
(P
I
D)
a
nd
Ge
ner
ic
con
t
ro
ll
ers
.
All
three
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
use
d
a
ngul
ar
sp
ee
d
de
viati
on
,
DW
as
a
n
in
pu
t
a
nd
w
ere
injec
te
d
t
o
Vqref.
Fr
om
Ta
ble
1,
al
l
con
tr
ollers
ha
ve
im
prov
e
d
the
sy
ste
m
by
os
ci
ll
at
ing
al
l
the
phases
at
the
same
val
ue
afte
r
cl
earing
the
fa
ult.
T
he
diff
e
r
ence
betwee
n
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
do
e
sn’t
ma
ke
an
y
differe
nc
e
but
f
or
V
qr
ef,
t
he
Gen
e
r
ic
c
on
t
rol
le
r
only
t
ook
2s
t
o
sta
bili
se
and
wa
s
the
fa
ste
st
amo
ng
th
e
three
co
ntr
ol
le
rs.
As
a
res
ul
t,
the
SSSC
dev
ic
e
nee
ds
a
n
a
ddit
ion
al
contr
oller t
o
im
pro
ve
the
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
sta
bili
ty.
Figure
21. V
oltage
wav
e
f
or
m
of sin
gle phase
fau
lt
of
mu
lt
i
-
mach
ine
po
wer system
w
it
h S
SSC
Gen
e
ric c
on
tr
ol
le
r.
Figure
22. V
qref
wav
e
form
of single
ph
a
se fa
ult
of m
ulti
-
machi
ne powe
r
s
ys
te
m w
it
h SS
SC
Gen
e
ric c
on
tr
ol
le
r.
Table
1.
C
omp
ariso
n of SSSC
w
it
h
a
nd
with
ou
t c
ontr
oller
Typ
e Co
n
troller
Vo
ltag
e
Stab
ility
T
im
e (
s
)
Pha
se A
Volta
g
e
Vqr
ef
W
ith
o
u
t SSSC
0
.8 p
.u
-
-
W
ith
o
u
t Co
n
troller
0
.83
p.u
-
-
PI
1
p.u
0
.81
s
8s
PID
1
p.u
0
.77
s
6s
Gen
eric
1
p.u
0
.77
s
2s
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
st
udy
of
the
m
ulti
mach
ine
tra
ns
ie
nt
st
abili
ty
has
bee
n
prov
e
n
by
usi
ng
M
at
la
b
Si
mu
li
nk.
The
op
e
rati
on
of
th
e
mu
lt
i
mac
hine
transie
nt
sta
bi
li
ty
req
ui
red
two
powe
r
generati
on
with
a
huge
powe
r
va
lue
t
o
su
ppl
y
to
t
he
dyna
mic
loa
d
as
a
majo
r
loa
d.
The
s
ys
te
m
op
erati
on
will
r
un
sm
oothly
if
no
disturba
nce
oc
cur
s
.
This
res
earc
h
was
a
ble
to
observ
e
t
he
m
ulti
machine
sta
bi
li
ty
wh
e
n
sub
je
ct
ed
to
a
sin
gle
phase
fau
lt
.
The
SSSC
de
vice
has
pro
ve
n
it
s
abili
ty
t
o
im
pro
ve
t
he
pow
e
r
s
ys
te
m
sta
bil
it
y
in
the
s
ys
te
m.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
SS
SC
cannot
op
e
rate
by
it
sel
f
without
us
in
g
a
ny
a
dd
it
io
nal
c
on
t
ro
ll
er.
T
hr
e
e
typ
es
of
c
ontr
ollers
hav
e
bee
n
modell
ed
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
the
SS
SC
de
vice.
T
hey
a
re
t
he
Pr
op
or
ti
onal
I
nteg
ral
(
PI),
Pr
op
or
ti
onal
I
nteg
ral
Der
i
vative
(
PID),
an
d
Gen
e
r
ic
con
tr
ollers.
As
a
c
on
cl
us
io
n,
S
SSC
with
Gen
e
ric
co
ntr
ol
le
r
is
very
s
uitable
because
of
it
s
sh
ort
er
sta
bili
ty
ti
me
a
nd
le
ss
dam
ping
a
s
t
he
Gen
e
ric
co
ntr
oller
is
s
uitable
to
us
e
wi
th
an
y
FA
CTS
d
e
vice
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENT
The
aut
hors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
th
ank
t
he
Re
sea
rch
M
a
nag
e
m
e
nt
Insti
tute
(RM
I
),
Un
i
ver
sit
i
Teknolo
gi
M
AR
A,
M
al
a
ys
ia
an
d
the
M
inist
r
y
of
Hi
gh
e
r
E
du
cat
io
n
(
M
O
HE
),
Ma
la
ys
ia
thr
ough
resea
rch
gr
a
nt
600
-
IRMI/D
ANA 5
/3/B
ESTAR
I
(
121/20
18) for t
he fina
ncial
suppo
rt to
wards t
his r
e
searc
h.
X:2s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
1249
–
1258
1258
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
P.
Kundur,
J.
P
ase
rba
,
and
S.
Vite
t
,
“Ove
rvi
e
w
on
def
in
it
ion
and
cl
assifi
cati
on
of
power
sy
stem
stabilit
y
,
”
in
CIGRE/
IE
EE
P
ES
Int
ernati
ona
l
Symposium
Qu
ali
ty
and
Se
curity
of
El
e
ct
ric
Po
wer
Delive
ry
S
y
stems,
CIGR
E
/PES
2003
,
pp
.
1
-
4
,
2
003
.
[2]
M.
A.
A.
T.
Aaron
Don
M.
Afric
a
,
Patr
ick
Berna
rd
T.
Areva
lo,
Ars
enic
S.
Publi
co,
“L
in
ea
r
Sys
te
m
Inte
rco
nn
ec
t
ions,
Ste
ady
-
State
A
nal
ysis
and
St
ab
il
it
y
The
o
ry,
”
In
t.
J.
Adv.
Tr
ends
Comput.
S
ci
.
E
ng.
,
vo
l.
8,
no
.
4
,
pp.
1395
-
1398
,
2
019.
[3]
N.
A.
Salim,
M.
M.
Othm
an,
I.
Mus
iri
n,
M.
S
.
Serwan,
and
S.
Busan
,
“Ri
sk
assess
me
nt
of
d
ynam
i
c
sys
te
m
ca
sca
d
ing
collap
se
for
det
e
rmi
n
i
ng
the
sensit
ive
t
ran
smiss
ion
li
n
e
s
and
seve
rit
y
o
f
tot
al
loa
d
ing
co
ndit
ions,
”
Reliab
.
Eng.
S
yst. Saf.,
v
ol.
157
,
pp
.
113
-
128,
2017
.
[4]
D.
Casagr
ande,
A.
As
tol
fi,
R
.
Orteg
a,
and
D.
La
ngar
ic
a
,
“A
s
olut
ion
to
th
e
p
roble
m
of
tra
ns
ie
nt
stab
il
it
y
of
mul
timac
h
ine
p
ower
sys
te
ms,
”
in
2012
I
EEE
51st
Annual
Confe
ren
ce
o
n
Dec
ision
an
d
Control
(CDC)
,
pp.
1703
-
1708
,
2012
.
[5]
P.
Kundur
et
a
l
.
,
“De
f
ini
t
ion
a
nd
Cla
ss
ifica
ti
o
n
of
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Stab
il
i
ty
I
E
EE
/CIGRE
Join
t
T
ask
Forc
e
o
n
Stabi
lity
Te
rms
and
Defi
n
it
ions
,
”
IE
EE Tr
ans.
P
ower
Syst.
,
vo
l.
19,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
13
87
-
1401,
2004
.
[6]
Z.
W
ang
and
M
.
Lemmon
,
“Vol
ta
ge
and
Freque
ncy
Stabi
l
it
y
of
We
ak
Pow
er
Di
stribut
ion
Ne
tworks
with
Droop
-
Control
le
d
Rot
ational a
nd
Elec
tr
onic
Distr
ibut
ed
Gene
rat
ors
,
”
Th
esis
,
pp
.
1
-
32
.
[7]
L.
V.
Abha
Tri
p
at
hi
,
K.
Um
a
R
a
o,
“Mult
i
-
Ma
chine
Stab
il
i
ty
Us
ing
Dynamic
Inv
ersion
Te
chn
iqu
e,
”
Int
.
J
.
El
e
ct
r
.
Comput.
Eng
.
(I
JE
C)
,
vol
.
7
,
no
.
6,
pp.
3176
-
318
9,
2017
.
[8]
E.
Ghahr
emani
and
I.
Kamwa
,
“Opti
m
al
pl
ace
me
nt
of
multipl
e
-
type
FA
CTS
devi
c
es
to
m
aximize
power
sys
t
em
loa
dab
il
it
y
using
a
g
ene
r
ic gra
phi
ca
l
user inte
rf
ace,
”
IE
EE Tr
ans.
Powe
r Sy
st
.
,
vol
.
28,
No.
2
,
pp
.
7
64
-
778
,
2013
.
[9]
B.
Sehgal,
S.
P.
Biha
ri
,
Y.
Kum
a
ri,
R
.
N.Cha
ub
ey
,
and
Anmo
l
Gu
pta
,
“Per
form
an
ce
of
FA
CTS
D
evi
c
es
for
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Stabilit
y
,
”
In
don
es.
J. El
ec
tr.
Eng
.
In
formatic
s
,
vo
l. 3, n
o.
3
,
p
.
135
-
140
,
2015.
[10]
S.
Do
Nasci
me
n
to
and
M.
M.
G
ouvêa
,
“Vol
ta
ge
Stabi
l
it
y
Enha
n
ce
m
ent
in
Pow
e
r
Sys
te
ms
with
Automa
tic
Fa
ct
s
Devic
e
Allo
ca
t
io
n,
”
in Ene
rgy
Pr
oce
dia
,
vo
l. 107, pp. 60
-
67,
2017
.
[11]
M.
Hasan,
“App
li
c
at
ion
of
pow
e
r
elec
troni
cs
in
power
sys
te
ms,
”
in
Handbook
o
f
Re
sear
ch
on
Po
wer
and
Ene
rgy
Syste
m Opti
miza
ti
on
,
2018.
[12]
M.
Alizade
h
,
S.
Ganje
far
,
and
M
.
Fara
h
ani,
“In
telli
gen
t
PID
con
t
roll
er
design
of
SS
SC
for
power
sys
te
m
st
abi
l
it
y
enha
nc
em
en
t,”
Proc.
-
201
1
2nd
Int. Conf.
Contr
ol.
Instrum
.
Aut
o
m.
ICCIA
2011
,
pp.
7
-
12
,
2011
.
[13]
A.
Pat
el
,
P.
R
ava
l
,
and
D.
P
at
e
l,
“Applica
tion
of
SS
SC
-
Dampi
ng
Controller
for
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Stab
il
i
t
y
Enha
nc
em
en
t,”
in
2017
Inte
rn
ati
onal
Confe
re
nce
on
R
ese
arc
h
and
Inno
vat
i
ons
in
S
ci
en
ce
,
Engi
n
ee
ring
&
Technol
ogy
,
pp
.
123
–
133
,
2017
.
[14]
A.
P.
Vaidy
a
an
d
R.
V
Pa
ti
l
,
“C
ompa
rison
of
d
if
fer
ent
typ
es
of
tr
ansie
nt
stab
il
i
ty
assess
me
nts
duri
ng
cong
esti
on,
”
in
2012
Int
ernati
onal
Confe
r
enc
e
on
Ad
va
nce
s
in
Engi
n
ee
ring,
S
ci
en
ce
and
Manage
ment
(IC
AE
SM
)
,
pp.
232
–
237
,
20
12
.
[15]
D.
A.
Ingol
e and
P.
V.
N.
Gohok
ar,
“Voltage
St
a
bil
it
y
Improv
ement
In
Multi
-
bus
Sys
te
m
Us
ing
St
at
i
c
Synchronous
Serie
s Comp
ensa
tor,”
Ene
rgy
Pr
oce
dia
,
vo
l. 117, pp. 999
-
1006,
2
017.
[16]
N.
Voraphonpi
p
ut
and
T.
Bunya
gul,
“Power
Flo
w
Control
with
Stat
ic
Synchron
ous
Serie
s
Com
pensa
tor
(
SS
SC
)
,
”
Inte
rnational
En
ergy
Journal
,
vo
l.
9
,
pp
.
117
-
128
,
2008
.
[17]
Bhal
ani
K
am
a
l
Kumar
,
As
si
Pr
of.
Piyus
h
Dodi
ya,
“I
mprove
m
e
nt
of
Pow
er
sys
t
em
tr
ansie
nt
st
a
bil
it
y
using
st
at
i
c
synchronous
serie
s
com
p
ensa
tor
(SS
SC
),
”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
Tec
hnology
and
En
gine
ering
,
vol
.
3,
no.
1
,
pp
.
170
-
1
76,
2016
.
[18]
P.
Dhoble
and
A.
Bhand
akkar,
“Ac
ti
v
e
React
iv
e
Pow
er
Fl
ow
Control
Us
ing
Sta
tic
Syn
chr
onous
Seri
es
Compe
nsator
(SS
SC
),
”
IOSR
J
ournal
of
El
e
ctr
ic
al
and
El
ec
t
ronics
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
(IOSR
-
J
EEE)
,
vo
l.
7,
no.
6
,
pp.
59
–
71
,
2013
.
[19]
Jall
a
Pavan
Sa
i
Kumar
R
eddy,
Prasad
Janga
,
“Power
Flow
I
mprove
m
ent
in
Tra
nsmiss
ion
Line
Us
ing
Upfc,”
I
nte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ro
nic
s &
Comm
unic
ati
on
Technol
o
gy
,
vo
l. 7, no. 4,
pp.
9
-
1
2
,
2016
.
[20]
Habibur
,
Md.
Fa
yzur
Rahman,
H
aru
n,
“Mode
ll
in
g
&
Perform
an
c
e
Compa
r
ison
Of
Diffe
ren
t
Types
Of
SSSC
-
Based
Control
le
rs
,
”
,
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
Of
Engi
ne
erin
g
Re
search
&
Te
chnol
ogy
,
vo
l. 1, no. 7, pp. 1
-
6,
2
012.
[21]
A.
D.
Fa
le
hi
,
M.
Rostami,
A
.
Doroudi,
and
A.
As
hra
fi
an,
“Optimizati
on
and
coor
din
at
i
on
of
SV
C
-
base
d
supplem
entary
c
ontrol
lers
and
P
SS
s
to
i
mprove
power
sys
te
m
stabi
lity
using
a
gen
et
i
c
a
lgori
t
hm,
”
Tur
ki
sh
J
.
El
e
ct
r.
Eng. Co
mput.
Sc
i.
,
vo
l. 2
0,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
639
-
654,
2012
.
[22]
S.
Panda
,
S.
C.
Sw
ai
n,
P
.
K.
R
a
utra
y,
R
.
K
.
M
a
li
k,
and
G.
Pan
da,
“Sim
u
lation
Modell
ing
Prac
t
ic
e
and
The
ory
Design
and
anal
ysis
of
SSSC
-
b
ase
d
supplement
ary
dam
p
ing
co
ntrol
ler,”
S
imul.
Mode
l.
Pract.
Theory
,
vol.
18
,
no.
9
,
pp
.
1199
-
1213,
2010
.
[23]
J.
Jeffe
rs
and
J.
Rei
nder
s,
“Ma
th
Li
b
r
ary
,
”
In
te
l
Xe
on
Phi Coproce
ss
or High
P
erf
orm
.
Program
,
p
p.
325
-
342
,
201
3.
[24]
K.
L
.
&
M.
K.
Rihe
m
Farkh,
“
Stabi
lizing
Sets
of
PI/P
ID
Contr
oll
ers
for
Uns
table
Second
Ord
er
De
la
y
Sys
te
m
,
”
Int.
J. A
u
tom.
C
omput.
,
vol. 11,
pp.
210
-
222
,
20
14.
[25]
Aliz
ad
eh, Mojt
a
ba
Ganj
efa
r
,
Soh
ei
l
Fara
han
i, Mohsen,
"Int
el
l
ige
n
t
PID
cont
ro
ller d
esign
of
SS
SC
for
power
sys
tem
stabi
lity
enha
n
c
em
en
t,
"
P
roce
e
dings
-
2011
2
nd
Int
ernati
ona
l
Con
fe
renc
e
o
n
Control
,
Inst
rum
ent
ati
on
an
d
Aut
omation
,
IC
CIA
2011
,
pp.
7
-
12,
2011
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.