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I
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n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
n
o
r
m
all
y
o
f
co
u
p
l
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
t
y
p
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
co
u
p
led
t
y
p
e.
T
h
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
ad
j
u
s
t
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
t
u
r
n
s
r
atio
o
f
th
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
w
h
ich
i
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
lea
k
a
g
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
,
as
a
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
p
ik
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
d
o
ex
is
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
l
y
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ca
n
m
in
i
m
ize
th
is
i
s
s
u
e
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
i
c
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
it
h
a
co
m
p
ar
a
tiv
el
y
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
Hig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
is
also
ac
h
ie
v
ed
i
n
ca
s
c
ad
e
d
co
n
v
er
ter
b
u
t
it
o
f
f
er
s
l
ar
g
e
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
cir
cu
itr
y
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
less
co
n
v
er
ter
in
[
2
4
]
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
w
ith
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
g
ai
n
i
s
n
o
t
t
h
at
m
u
ch
h
i
g
h
to
ac
h
iev
e
2
0
V/3
8
0
V
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
at
lo
w
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
w
itc
h
ed
i
n
d
u
cto
r
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
[
2
4
]
.
Ser
ies
an
d
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
to
o
b
tain
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
i
s
s
ti
ll
lo
w
er
to
m
ee
t
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
cir
cu
itr
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
o
v
el
class
o
f
h
i
g
h
g
ain
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
d
c
-
d
c
s
tep
u
p
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
teg
r
ated
w
i
t
h
ac
tiv
e
an
d
p
ass
iv
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
f
er
v
er
y
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
ag
e
g
ai
n
at
a
s
m
al
l
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
i.e
.
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
<
0
.
5
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
r
ev
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
a
s
in
g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
n
al
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
th
e
s
w
i
t
ch
es
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
o
p
er
atio
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
an
d
th
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
d
etails
f
o
r
eq
u
al
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
b
y
P
SIM
9
.
0
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
2.
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
I
CA
L
DE
RIVA
T
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NVER
T
E
RS
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
s
w
i
tch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
(
A
-
S
L
)
an
d
p
ass
i
v
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
(
P
-
S
L
)
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
L
1
L
2
D
1
D
3
D
2
A
B
L
1
L
2
S
1
S
2
1
1
'
2
2
'
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
w
i
tch
ed
i
n
d
u
cto
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
a)
p
ass
iv
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
b
)
ac
tiv
e
s
w
i
tch
ed
in
d
u
c
to
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
p
ass
iv
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
(
P
-
SL
)
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
th
r
ee
d
io
d
es
,
an
d
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
ter
m
in
a
ls
A
a
n
d
B
(
)
is
p
o
s
itiv
e,
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
iased
,
an
d
b
ec
o
m
es
r
ev
er
s
e
b
iased
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt,
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ar
e
in
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ter
m
in
al
s
A
an
d
B
(
)
is
n
eg
ati
v
e,
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
iased
,
an
d
b
ec
o
m
es
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
iased
.
T
h
is
p
u
t th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
in
s
er
ies co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
(
A
-
S
L
)
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
tw
o
in
d
u
c
to
r
s
,
an
d
t
w
o
s
w
i
tc
h
es
,
.
B
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es o
p
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ate
s
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m
u
lta
n
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s
l
y
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
es
an
d
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ters
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mu
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h
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t
h
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y
ar
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u
r
n
ed
o
f
f
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n
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th
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r
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1
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h
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t
w
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p
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r
t n
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w
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k
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n
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ter
m
i
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h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
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c
o
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v
er
ter
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
[
2
5
]
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
ab
o
v
e
A
-
S
L
an
d
P
-
S
L
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
in
t
h
e
P
-
S
L
a
n
d
A
-
S
L
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
o
f
eq
u
al
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
.
P
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
e
s
s
h
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
w
h
ic
h
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ea
s
y
.
W
h
e
n
all
th
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
ar
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
,
th
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
in
t
h
e
P
-
SL
an
d
A
-
SL
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
o
p
er
ate
i
n
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
ar
e
ch
ar
g
ed
b
y
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
w
h
en
all
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
,
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
s
o
p
er
at
e
in
s
er
ies co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
a
r
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
to
lo
ad
.
L
2
V
C
1
V
C
2
S
3
C
3
S
4
D
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
R
i
C
3
i
O
V
C
3
v
L
3
v
L
4
V
O
S
1
S
2
S
5
L
1
L
3
L
4
V
i
C
1
C
2
(
a)
V
i
L
1
a
L
1
b
L
2
a
L
2
b
V
C
1
V
C
2
S
3
L
3
L
4
C
3
S
4
S
5
D
1
a
D
1
b
D
2
a
D
2
b
D
2
c
D
1
c
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
6
R
i
C
3
i
O
V
C
3
v
L
3
v
L
4
V
O
S
1
S
2
C
1
C
2
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
:
(
a)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
A
-
S
L
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
b
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
P
-
S
L
a
n
d
A
-
S
L
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
3.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NV
E
RT
E
RS
3
.
1
.
O
pera
t
io
n o
f
pro
po
s
ed
co
nv
er
t
er
w
it
h A
-
SL
net
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
A
-
S
L
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
in
v
o
l
v
es
f
o
u
r
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
,
,
a
n
d
)
,
th
r
ee
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
,
an
d
)
,
f
o
u
r
d
io
d
es
(
,
,
an
d
)
an
d
f
i
v
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
es
(
,
,
,
an
d
)
.
MO
SF
E
T
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
h
i
g
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Fig
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Fig
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I
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5
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2
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to
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6
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
679
–
689
684
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
r
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n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
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d
is
s
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o
w
n
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n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
W
h
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n
>
,
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e
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n
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ter
o
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ates
i
n
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M
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d
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,
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ter
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ates in
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Fig
u
r
e
7
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n
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e
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ter
3
.
2
.
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n o
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bin
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d w
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h P
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A
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T
h
e
p
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s
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ter
in
Fi
g
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r
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3
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in
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s
s
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n
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s
(
,
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d
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ito
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(
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d
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,
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,
,
,
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d
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e
h
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g
h
f
r
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en
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y
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tr
o
lled
s
w
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e
s
(
,
,
,
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d
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.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
in
C
C
M
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
V
i
L
1
a
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1
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L
2
a
L
2
b
V
C
1
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C
2
L
3
L
4
C
3
R
i
C
3
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O
V
C
3
v
L
3
v
L
4
V
O
i
L
4
(
a)
V
i
L
1
a
L
1
b
L
2
a
L
2
b
V
C
1
V
C
2
L
3
L
4
C
3
R
i
C
3
i
O
V
C
3
v
L
3
v
L
4
V
O
i
L
4
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it i
n
C
C
M
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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o
n
v
er
ter
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m
b
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n
ed
w
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h
A
-
S
L
an
d
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n
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h
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e
s
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e
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n
(
b
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h
e
n
all
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s
w
itc
h
es a
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f
f
M
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de
1
[
]:
A
ll
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e
f
o
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r
s
w
i
t
ch
es
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e
tu
r
n
ed
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n
d
u
r
in
g
th
i
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m
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ter
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h
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n
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s
h
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w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
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n
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s
,
,
an
d
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e
en
er
g
iz
ed
in
p
ar
allel
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
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e
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iased
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M
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to
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ter
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r
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(
1
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
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w
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lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
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l Ma
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]
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as:
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2
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Vo
ltag
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h
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as:
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T
h
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it
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M
is
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v
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n
Fi
g
u
r
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9
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
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s
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s
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f
DC
M
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s
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ilar
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t
h
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al
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s
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o
f
th
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r
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r
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q
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f
=
is
p
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t in
(
1
2
)
,
th
en
is
d
ed
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ce
d
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
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I
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t J
P
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u
n
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:
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ai
n
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n
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2
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h
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it is
o
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t th
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4.
ANAL
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S O
F
T
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P
RO
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D
CO
NV
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R
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al
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ter
s
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s
p
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m
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ased
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n
v
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lta
g
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g
ai
n
,
v
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lta
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s
tr
ess
ac
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s
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t
h
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w
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d
d
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d
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m
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t
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b
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m
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m
e
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t
s
.
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ab
l
e
1
s
h
o
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co
m
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,
t
h
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co
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v
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co
n
v
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t
er
an
d
th
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co
n
v
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ter
p
r
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ted
in
[
2
7
]
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
it
is
o
b
s
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v
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th
at
in
C
C
M
t
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ig
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th
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b
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s
t
co
n
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ter
an
d
t
h
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co
n
v
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ter
in
[
2
7
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
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r
co
n
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ter
s
,
co
m
b
i
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ed
A
-
SL
a
n
d
P
-
SL
c
o
n
v
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ter
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
h
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h
e
s
t
v
o
ltag
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g
ai
n
.
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n
d
u
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r
ti
m
e
co
n
s
tan
t
s
at
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
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ter
s
ar
e
id
e
n
tical
an
d
h
i
g
h
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r
th
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
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n
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ter
s
f
o
r
a
ce
r
tain
v
alu
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
T
h
i
s
h
elp
s
t
h
e
co
n
v
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ter
n
o
t
to
g
o
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t
h
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d
is
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ti
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u
o
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s
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m
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e
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Mo
r
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t
h
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m
ag
n
etic
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t
er
f
er
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ce
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r
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s
e
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m
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h
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lo
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s
w
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r
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ce
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d
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e
to
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m
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t
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T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
n
tr
ast b
et
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n
th
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p
r
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p
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ed
co
n
v
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ter
s
,
co
n
v
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n
ti
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b
o
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s
t
co
n
v
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ter
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
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ter
in
[
2
7
]
A
-
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C
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C
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mb
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A
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B
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r
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[
2
7
]
V
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t
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C
C
M
D
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N
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M
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c
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a
c
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d
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a
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I
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d
u
c
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o
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n
t
a
t
b
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n
d
a
r
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c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Hig
h
Ga
in
N
o
n
I
s
o
l
a
ted
DC
-
DC
S
tep
-
u
p
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
I
n
teg
r
a
ted
w
ith
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ctive
a
n
d
P
a
s
s
ive
...(
M.
A
l Ma
mu
n
)
687
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
es
s
a
cr
o
s
s
th
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d
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d
s
w
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ed
co
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ter
s
ar
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ig
h
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an
t
h
at
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co
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b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
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ter
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
A
-
S
L
a
n
d
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SL
co
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f
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h
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h
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s
t
v
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s
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ac
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th
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d
s
w
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d
.
Hen
ce
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th
e
v
o
lta
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e
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s
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f
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h
ese
co
m
p
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n
en
t
s
s
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ld
b
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g
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t
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e
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m
p
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n
t
s
.
Mo
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c
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n
v
er
ter
s
in
v
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l
v
e
m
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co
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p
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n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
if
th
e
r
eq
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v
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ltag
e
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CO
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s
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p
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a
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5
w
h
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y
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p
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ter
.
Hi
g
h
e
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in
d
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co
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tan
t
at
b
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u
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o
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s
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m
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e.
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s
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s
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s
w
i
tch
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in
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u
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n
et
w
o
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k
r
esp
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ti
v
el
y
.
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h
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s
m
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e,
t
h
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tr
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p
lex
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y
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f
o
r
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s
w
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h
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ch
ar
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ter
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tic
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m
ak
e
s
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t
ev
id
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t
t
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p
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s
ed
co
n
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ter
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e
x
tr
e
m
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
L
e
y
v
a
-
R
a
m
o
s,
J.
M
.
L
o
p
ez
-
Cru
z
,
M
.
G
.
Ortiz
L
o
p
e
z
,
L
.
H.
Dia
z
-
S
a
ld
iern
a
.
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
re
g
u
lato
r
u
sin
g
a
h
ig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
v
o
l
tag
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter f
o
r
f
u
e
l
-
c
e
ll
m
o
d
u
les
.
IET
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
.
2
0
1
3
;
6
(8
)
:
1
6
2
6
–
1
6
3
3
.
[2
]
G
.
V
e
las
c
o
-
Qu
e
sa
d
a
,
F
.
G
u
in
jo
a
n
-
G
isp
e
rt,
R.
P
iq
u
é
-
L
ó
p
e
z
,
M
.
R
o
m
á
n
-
L
u
m
b
r
e
ra
s,
A
.
Co
n
e
sa
-
Ro
c
a
.
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
V
a
rra
y
re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
sy
ste
m
s.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
2
0
0
9
;
56
(1
1
):
4
3
1
9
-
4
3
3
1
.
[3
]
K.
T
se
n
g
,
C.
Hu
a
n
g
.
Hig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
h
ig
h
-
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
in
terle
a
v
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
u
lt
ip
l
ier
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
r
g
y
s
y
ste
m
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
.
2
0
1
4
;
61
(3
)
:
1
3
1
1
–
1
3
1
9
.
[4
]
C.
Yo
u
n
g
,
M
.
C
h
e
n
,
T
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
C.
Ko
,
K.
Je
n
.
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