I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
202
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
8
~
1
9
8
6
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SS
N:
2088
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8694
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DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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i
j
p
ed
s
.
v
1
2
.i
4
.
pp
1
9
7
8
-
1
9
8
6
1978
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
An inves
tiga
tion
o
f
flux cha
ra
ct
eri
stic in
direc
t
torq
ue contro
l
using
sector rota
t
io
n strategy
Siti
Azura
Ah
m
a
d
T
a
rus
a
n
1
,
Auza
ni J
idi
n
2
,
M
o
hd
L
uq
ma
n M
.
J
a
m
il
3
,
K
a
s
rul A
bd
ul K
a
ri
m
4
1
-
4
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
si
a
M
e
lak
a
(U
T
e
M
),
M
a
la
y
sia
1,
2
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
s Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
Ce
RIA
,
UT
e
M
,
M
a
la
y
sia
3,
4
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
De
sig
n
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P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
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ics
a
n
d
Driv
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s Re
se
a
rc
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ro
u
p
,
Ce
RIA
,
UT
e
M
,
M
a
la
y
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
1
1
,
2
0
2
1
R
ev
i
s
ed
Sep
8
,
2
0
2
1
A
cc
ep
ted
Sep
1
5
,
2
0
2
1
S
tato
r
f
lu
x
f
a
il
s
to
re
g
u
late
a
t
lo
w
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
is
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
d
ra
w
b
a
c
k
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
d
irec
t
to
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tro
l
(
DT
C
)
.
It
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
e
v
it
a
b
le
o
f
z
e
ro
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
v
e
c
to
r
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
th
a
t
in
terru
p
ts
th
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
in
g
o
f
sta
to
r
f
lu
x
in
DT
C.
He
n
c
e
,
a
f
ix
e
d
se
c
to
r
ro
tati
o
n
stra
teg
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s
to
re
c
ti
fy
th
e
ra
ise
d
issu
e
.
T
h
e
stra
te
g
y
is
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
c
re
a
sin
g
sta
to
r
f
lu
x
d
ro
o
p
,
w
h
ich
is
a
n
e
a
sy
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
c
h
a
n
g
e
th
e
se
c
to
r
o
f
f
lu
x
lo
c
u
s
a
t
a
sp
e
c
i
f
ic
a
n
g
le.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
th
is
stra
teg
y
o
n
l
y
f
o
c
u
se
s
a
t
lo
w
op
e
ra
ti
n
g
s
p
e
e
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
sta
to
r
f
lu
x
d
ro
o
p
e
f
f
e
c
t
a
t
th
e
v
a
rio
u
s
s
p
e
e
d
n
e
e
d
s
to
b
e
a
n
a
ly
se
d
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
n
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
b
y
u
sin
g
sim
u
latio
n
(M
A
TL
A
B/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
)
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
se
tu
p
(d
S
P
A
CE
b
o
a
r
d
)
w
h
e
re
a
g
o
o
d
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
h
iev
e
d
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
p
re
d
icte
d
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
re
d
re
su
lt
s.
T
h
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
ta
k
in
g
in
to
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
(w
it
h
o
u
t
stra
teg
y
)
a
n
d
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
(w
it
h
stra
teg
y
).
In
c
o
n
c
lu
si
o
n
,
t
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
sta
to
r
f
lu
x
d
ro
o
p
is
in
v
e
rse
l
y
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
to
th
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
sp
e
e
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dir
ec
t to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
Secto
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
Stato
r
f
lu
x
Var
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sit
i
A
zu
r
a
Ah
m
ad
T
ar
u
s
an
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Me
lak
a
7
6
1
0
0
Du
r
ian
T
u
n
g
g
al,
Me
la
k
a,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
E
m
ail: s
itiaz
u
r
a@
u
te
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
o
f
A
C
d
r
iv
es
,
th
e
p
o
t
en
t
i
al
o
f
d
i
r
e
ct
t
o
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
D
T
C
)
t
o
g
iv
e
q
u
i
ck
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
is
g
a
in
in
g
a
l
o
t
o
f
a
tt
en
t
i
o
n
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
r
at
h
e
r
th
an
f
i
e
ld
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
FOC
)
,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
im
p
lem
en
t
a
ti
o
n
in
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
co
n
t
r
o
l
,
i
t
b
e
c
am
e
r
ec
o
g
n
is
e
d
f
o
r
i
t
s
s
im
p
l
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
in
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
D
T
C
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
e
ch
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
s
e
l
e
ct
in
g
a
v
o
lt
ag
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
th
a
t
al
l
o
w
s
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
f
lu
x
t
o
r
em
a
in
w
ith
in
th
e
h
y
s
t
e
r
es
is
b
an
d
[
2
]
-
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
s
t
e
r
e
s
i
s
-
b
as
e
d
D
T
C
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
h
as
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
,
h
ig
h
t
o
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
l
u
x
r
i
p
p
l
e
s
,
an
d
w
o
r
s
en
in
g
o
f
s
t
at
o
r
f
lu
x
r
eg
u
la
t
i
o
n
at
l
o
w
s
p
e
e
d
s
[
5
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
g
r
ea
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
D
T
C
is
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ca
lled
as
DT
C
-
SVM.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
s
t
r
ate
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
t
h
e
s
y
n
th
e
s
ized
p
r
in
c
ip
al
in
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
lato
r
f
o
r
s
a
m
p
lin
g
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
tato
r
v
o
lta
g
e
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
l
u
x
r
ip
p
le
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le,
b
u
t
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
b
u
r
d
en
i
n
-
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
o
f
d
i
g
ital
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
SVM.
A
l
ter
n
ati
v
e
l
y
,
a
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
-
b
ased
s
tr
ate
g
y
is
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
DT
C
p
r
o
b
lem
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
s
lo
p
e
p
r
o
f
ile
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
t
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
w
it
h
in
t
h
eir
s
t
ip
u
lated
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ca
lc
u
la
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le.
Oth
er
ef
f
o
r
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
n
in
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f sta
to
r
flu
x
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tic
o
f D
T
C
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
w
ith
a
…
(
S
iti A
z
u
r
a
A
h
ma
d
Ta
r
u
s
a
n
)
1979
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
as
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
2
]
b
u
t
it
s
u
f
f
er
s
to
a
lar
g
e
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
th
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
o
f
DT
C
.
Stato
r
f
lu
x
r
eg
u
latio
n
in
t
h
e
DT
C
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
at
l
o
w
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
I
t
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
n
av
o
id
ab
le
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
.
As
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
d
r
o
o
p
a
p
p
ea
r
s
h
en
ce
d
is
tu
r
b
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
o
f
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
[
2
3
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
p
r
o
b
le
m
ar
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
i
n
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
le
s
tr
ateg
y
in
[
2
5
]
h
a
s
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
s
ta
t
o
r
f
lu
x
i
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
ix
ed
s
ec
to
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
at
lo
w
-
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
is
ex
te
n
d
ed
in
to
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
to
an
al
y
s
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
v
ia
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
p
ac
k
ag
e
an
d
an
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
etu
p
(
an
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
d
SP
A
C
E
DS1
1
0
4
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
o
ar
d
)
.
T
w
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
(
w
ith
o
u
t
s
tr
ateg
y
)
a
n
d
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
(
w
it
h
s
tr
ate
g
y
)
i
n
th
e
DT
C
s
ch
e
m
e
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
S
T
RUC
T
UR
E
O
F
B
ASI
C
DT
C
T
h
e
b
asic
d
r
iv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
D
T
C
b
y
T
ak
ah
ash
i
[
4
]
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
w
it
h
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
s
h
if
ted
an
g
le
lab
eled
as
m
o
d
if
ie
d
s
ec
to
r
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
is
b
u
ilt
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
ele
m
en
t
(
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
l
u
x
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
)
,
d
r
iv
e
ele
m
en
t
(
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
an
d
t
w
o
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
)
as
w
ell
as
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ele
m
e
n
t
(
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
lc
u
lati
o
n
,
s
ec
to
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
also
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
est
i
m
a
to
r
s
)
.
I
t
is
m
o
d
if
ied
b
y
ad
d
in
g
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
s
h
i
f
ted
∆
,
in
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
d
etec
tio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
i
x
ed
s
ec
to
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
tr
at
eg
y
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
A
C
m
ac
h
in
e
i
n
D
T
C
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
eig
h
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
m
ap
p
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
T
h
e
m
ap
p
in
g
v
ec
to
r
a
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
o
f
in
v
er
ter
is
co
n
s
i
s
ted
o
f
t
w
o
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
(
V0
an
d
V7
)
an
d
s
ix
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
s
(
V1
–
V6
)
in
th
e
h
ex
a
g
o
n
al
d
ia
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
ad
ap
ted
in
to
s
ix
s
ec
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
d
iv
id
ed
eq
u
all
y
b
y
6
0
°
o
n
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
d
-
q
p
lan
e
a
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
s
ec
to
r
is
ap
p
lied
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
cir
cu
lar
lo
cu
s
o
f
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
t
wo
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
eith
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
e
ase
th
e
s
ta
to
r
f
lu
x
,
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
th
at
ap
p
lied
as
a
tan
g
en
t
ial
v
ec
to
r
m
a
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
g
o
o
d
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
t
h
e
DT
C
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
asic D
T
C
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
s
h
if
ted
an
g
le
lab
eled
as th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
ec
to
r
[
2
4
]
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
,
(
a)
m
ap
p
in
g
v
ec
to
r
o
f
t
w
o
-
lev
e
l i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it a
n
d
(
b
)
d
-
q
p
la
n
e
o
f
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
L
o
o
k
-
u
p
T
a
b
le
+
I
.
M
-
+
-
3
-
L
ev
el
Hy
s
tere
s
is
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
2
-
L
ev
el
Hy
s
ter
esis
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
Se
c
to
r
d
etec
tio
n
d
-
q
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
Vo
ltag
e
c
a
lc
u
la
ti
o
n
S
tator
f
lu
x
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
esti
m
ato
r
s
2
-
L
ev
el
VSI
+
Mo
d
if
ied
s
ec
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
202
1
:
1
9
7
8
–
1
9
8
6
1980
3.
ST
A
T
O
R
F
L
UX
O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
I
n
DT
C
,
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
tat
o
r
f
lu
x
,
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
o
ltag
e
s
as
d
e
f
i
n
ed
in
m
ap
p
in
g
v
ec
to
r
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
s
u
ch
in
s
ec
to
r
VI
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
̅
2
an
d
̅
3
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
lu
x
.
Af
ter
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
i
n
to
s
ec
to
r
,
I
,
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
alter
n
ates
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
̅
3
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
l
u
x
w
h
ile
̅
4
to
d
ec
r
e
ase
th
e
f
l
u
x
.
I
t
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
tat
o
r
f
lu
x
ap
p
lied
b
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
an
g
l
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
ap
p
licab
le
in
to
th
e
o
th
er
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
is
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t b
y
i
g
n
o
r
in
g
th
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
as t
h
e
s
t
a
to
r
f
l
u
x
i
s
f
u
ll
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ca
s
e
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
is
ir
r
elev
a
n
t
at
lo
w
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
.
No
r
m
all
y
,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
(
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
ac
tiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
an
d
also
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
[
2
5
]
.
Z
er
o
-
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
t
o
r
is
ap
p
lied
w
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
is
at
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
ates
at
lo
w
-
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
as
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
is
h
o
ld
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
u
s
in
g
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
s
tat
o
r
f
lu
x
c
h
an
g
e
u
s
in
g
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
is
s
tated
in
eq
u
at
io
n
(
1
)
.
A
s
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
t
ed
in
(
1
)
,
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
o
h
m
ic
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
tato
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
e
lo
w
er
b
an
d
f
l
u
x
h
y
s
ter
es
is
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
lu
x
d
r
o
o
p
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
th
e
f
i
x
ed
s
ec
to
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
tr
ate
g
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
i
s
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
d
r
o
o
p
at
lo
w
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
th
e
s
ec
t
o
r
o
f
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
,
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
h
if
ted
a
n
g
le,
∆
to
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
a
n
g
le
at
s
ec
to
r
d
etec
tio
n
as
s
tated
i
n
(
2
)
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
is
m
a
in
ta
in
ed
to
s
el
ec
t
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
s
ta
tes
o
f
in
v
er
ter
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
b
etter
tan
g
e
n
tial
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
is
ac
h
iev
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
d
r
o
o
p
o
n
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
ec
to
r
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
h
if
te
d
an
g
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
d
r
o
o
p
,
∆
to
th
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
s
p
ee
d
,
.
∆
̅
̅
̅
=
−
̅
∆
(
1
)
′
=
+
∆
(
2
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
s
tat
o
r
f
lu
x
in
; (
a)
id
ea
l c
ase
an
d
(
b
)
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
b
y
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
[
2
4
]
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
h
if
ted
s
ec
to
r
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
x
ed
s
ec
to
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
[
2
5
]
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
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12
,
No
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4
,
Dec
em
b
er
202
1
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8
–
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I
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N:
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
202
1
:
1
9
7
8
–
1
9
8
6
1984
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
g
r
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a
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Hig
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[6
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[7
]
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[9
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3
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,
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d
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tric
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4
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.
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,
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ro
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In
d
.
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1
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2
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5
]
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.
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c
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.
[2
6
]
B.
S
i
n
g
h
,
S
.
Ja
in
,
a
n
d
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.
Dw
iv
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i,
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o
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e
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ro
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7
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I.
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fy
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d
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.
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ri
s,
“
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le
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ro
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tate
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.
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A.
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ro
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in
th
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lak
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,
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a
la
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sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
sy
ste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
202
1
:
1
9
7
8
–
1
9
8
6
1986
A.
J
id
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s,
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
Jo
h
o
r
Ba
h
ru
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
2
,
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
ian
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
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T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
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e
lak
a
,
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
is
a
lso
a
n
a
c
ti
v
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
in
P
o
w
e
r
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e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dri
v
e
s
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
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p
(
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)
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a
t
e
sta
b
li
sh
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
sa
m
e
f
a
c
u
lt
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
sy
ste
m
s,
f
ield
-
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
le g
a
te arra
y
,
a
n
d
DS
P
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
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.
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M.
J
a
m
il
re
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e
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e
d
B.
En
g
.
d
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g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
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T
e
k
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M
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,
S
h
a
h
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la
m
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la
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in
2
0
0
0
,
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.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
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e
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y
o
f
Ne
w
c
a
stle
u
p
o
n
T
y
n
e
,
U.K.,
i
n
2
0
0
3
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
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re
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f
ro
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2
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ll
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g
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k
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l
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la
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.
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d
Driv
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(
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a
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rc
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m
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ro
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th
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Un
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rsit
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f
No
tt
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g
h
a
m
,
UK
,
i
n
2
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n
d
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1
,
re
sp
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c
ti
v
e
ly
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is
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rre
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tl
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a
c
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d
e
m
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in
F
a
c
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lt
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f
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l
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g
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rsity
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k
n
ik
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l
M
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la
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n
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r
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n
d
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se
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rc
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sta
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sh
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d
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m
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f
a
c
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l
ty
.
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re
s
e
a
rc
h
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tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
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tri
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a
l
m
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c
h
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d
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si
g
n
,
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
.
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