In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
Vo
l
.
1
0
, No
.
2
, Ju
n
e
20
1
9
, p
p
.
1
0
4
9
~
1
058
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
2.pp1049-1058
1049
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Primary freque
ncy contr
o
l applie
d t
o
the w
ind tur
b
ine based on
the DFIG controlled by the AD
RC
Is
sam Min
k
a
1
, Ahme
d
Ess
ad
k
i
2
,
S
a
ra M
ensou
3
,
Tam
o
u
N
a
ss
e
r
4
1,
2,
3
E
l
ect
rical Engin
eerin
g, D
epart
m
en
t
of
E
NSET,
M
oh
a
m
m
e
d V
Un
iv
ers
it
y
,
M
oro
cco
4
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
C
omm
u
n
i
catio
n
Ne
tw
ork
s
,
D
epart
m
ent
o
f
E
NS
IAS,
M
oham
m
ed
V
U
ni
versity
,
M
o
roc
c
o
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
7
, 2
0
18
Re
vise
d F
e
b 27,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 1
0
,
2
019
In
t
his
pap
e
r,
w
e
stud
y
th
e
prim
a
r
y
f
r
eq
uency
co
nt
ro
l
th
a
t
a
llo
ws
t
he
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
sp
eed
A
eo
li
an
t
o
p
a
rti
c
ipat
e
in
t
he
f
requ
ency
r
eg
ulat
io
n
wh
en
a
f
ailure
af
f
ects
th
e
n
e
tw
ork
f
r
equ
e
n
c
y.
T
h
i
s
m
e
th
od
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
cont
rol
o
f
t
h
e
generator
r
o
tat
i
onal
speed
o
r
t
h
e
co
nt
ro
l
of
p
itch
ang
l
e
m
a
kes
it
p
ossi
b
l
e
to
f
o
rce
th
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
bi
ne
t
o
p
r
od
u
ce
les
s
p
o
w
er
t
h
a
n
its
m
axim
u
m
a
vailabl
e
po
wer,
c
on
seq
u
ent
l
y
w
e
w
il
l
create
an
a
c
t
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
res
e
rv
e.
T
hi
s
wi
nd
tu
rbi
n
e
m
u
st
i
nject
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
a
p
art
of
i
t
s
p
ow
er
r
es
erve
w
he
n
the
fre
q
ue
n
c
y
d
r
op
s,
i
n
c
o
ntra
ry
t
he
w
in
d
turb
in
e
re
se
r
v
e
s
m
ore
o
f
energy
.
S
o
,
th
is
w
ork
presen
ts
t
he
p
erf
o
rm
an
ces
o
f
th
is
c
o
n
t
r
ol
s
trat
egy
f
o
r
t
h
e
di
f
f
e
rent
wi
nd
s
p
eed
v
alu
e
.
T
h
e
results
are
o
b
t
a
in
ed
b
y
a
si
m
u
l
a
tio
n
i
n
t
he
MATLAB
/
SI
M
U
LINK envi
ronment.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
ADRC
DF
I
G
MPP
T
Pitch
an
g
l
e c
o
nt
r
o
l
P
r
i
m
a
r
y fr
eque
nc
y co
n
t
ro
l
Wi
n
d
tur
bi
ne
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Issam
Minka,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
EN
S
ET
Mo
ham
m
e
d
V
U
nive
rsi
t
y
Ra
b
a
t,
M
or
occ
o
.
Em
ail:
i
ssam
m
i
n
k
a
@
gma
i
l
.
co
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Win
d
e
nerg
y
h
a
s
exper
i
e
n
ce
d
a
stron
g
d
eve
l
opm
en
t
in
t
he
l
as
t
de
ca
de
i
n
the
w
o
r
l
d,
w
h
i
ch
l
ea
ds
t
o
an
i
nc
rea
s
i
n
g
i
n
ser
tio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
e
n
ergy
in
t
he
e
lec
t
r
i
ca
l
ne
tw
or
ks
[
1-4].
How
e
ver,
t
he
i
n
t
er
mit
t
en
t
na
t
u
re
a
nd
irreg
u
larit
y
o
f
wind
g
ener
ation
will
im
pact
t
he
s
tabilit
y
of
t
h
e
ne
t
w
or
ks
a
nd
the
q
u
a
lit
y
of
e
ner
gy
pr
od
uc
e
d
and
pro
v
i
de
d
t
o
u
sers
[
5-6]
.
Th
is
s
it
ua
ti
o
n
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
the
d
e
fi
n
i
t
i
on
of
n
e
w
t
ec
h
n
i
c
a
l
c
o
nnec
tio
n
c
o
n
d
i
tio
ns
re
q
u
i
r
i
ng
n
e
w
wi
nd
f
a
r
ms
t
o
c
o
nt
ribu
t
e
i
n
th
e
s
a
me
w
ay
a
s
c
onv
e
n
t
iona
l
pow
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s,
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
s
e
r
vice
s
of
t
he
e
lectr
i
c
i
t
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
to
w
h
i
c
h
t
hey
ar
e
connec
t
e
d
[
5-
7].
Am
ong
the
s
e
ser
v
i
c
es,
the
fre
q
uenc
y
regu
la
ti
on
of
t
he
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
S
o
o
ur
goa
l
i
s
t
o
sy
n
t
he
s
i
z
e
a
c
omm
a
nd
t
o
s
t
a
bi
liz
e
t
h
e
fr
eq
uenc
y
o
f
t
he
n
etw
o
rk
aft
e
r
a
c
h
an
ge
o
f
fr
eq
uenc
y
c
a
use
d
b
y
a
n
i
mba
l
anc
e
be
tw
e
e
n
pro
d
uct
i
on
a
n
d
c
ons
u
m
ptio
n
a
t
its
r
efe
r
enc
e
val
u
e.
This c
o
n
t
ro
l
stra
te
gy i
s
c
alle
d t
h
e
prima
r
y freque
ncy
c
o
nt
rol
[
6
].
In
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
w
e
u
s
e
th
e
Act
i
ve
D
i
s
tu
rb
an
c
e
R
ej
ec
ti
o
n
Co
n
t
ro
l
(A
DR
C
)
,
wh
i
c
h
al
lo
wst
h
e
st
ab
ili
t
y
o
f
the
Wi
n
d
E
ne
r
gy
Co
nve
rs
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
(
WECS
)
based
o
n
a
D
oub
le
F
ed
Induction
Generat
o
r
(DFIG)
,
thi
s
c
o
nt
rol
i
s
a
pp
li
ed
t
o
th
e
Ro
t
o
r
S
i
d
e
C
on
v
e
rt
e
r
(
R
S
C
)
a
nd
th
e
Gr
id
S
ide
C
o
n
v
erte
r
(
G
SC)
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
[8
-1
0].
We
al
so
s
t
udy
t
h
e
f
re
qu
e
n
cy
c
ont
ro
l
st
ra
t
e
g
y
me
n
t
i
o
ne
d
b
e
fore
i
n
or
der
to
f
orc
e
t
he
A
eol
i
a
n
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
pa
te
i
n
t
h
e
fre
q
ue
n
c
y
se
tt
ing,
acc
ord
i
n
g
t
o
the
ope
ra
t
i
n
g
z
o
n
e
o
f
the
w
i
nd
t
ur
bi
ne
t
w
o
c
o
n
tro
l
st
ra
t
e
g
i
es
a
re
p
re
se
n
t
ed
,
t
h
e
f
i
rst
on
e
wh
en
t
h
e
s
p
eed
o
f
rot
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
do
n
o
t
e
x
cee
d
t
h
e
i
r
m
a
xim
u
m
val
u
es,
so
t
he
c
on
tro
l
o
f
t
h
e
ac
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
urbi
ne
i
s
m
ade
b
y
a
n
ac
ti
on
on
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
rom
a
gne
t
i
c
tor
que
a
n
d
by t
h
e
co
n
t
ro
l
o
f
t
he
t
ur
bi
ne
r
o
t
at
io
na
l
spe
e
d,t
h
e
s
ec
o
nd
o
n
e
w
h
en
w
e ha
ve
a
h
i
g
h
w
i
nd
s
pe
e
d
,
th
e
con
t
ro
l
o
f
p
o
w
er
e
xt
r
acte
d
from
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
is
d
one
b
y
a
n
act
i
on
o
n
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
e
of
o
ri
enta
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
bla
d
e
s
.
F
i
nal
l
y
w
e
presen
t the
si
m
u
la
tio
n
resul
t
s of
t
he
se c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
a
n
d
th
e
i
r
i
nt
erp
r
et
at
io
ns.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
104
9 –
1
0
58
1
050
F
i
gure
1.
T
he
w
ind
ene
r
g
y
c
o
n
ve
rsi
on
syst
e
m
s
tr
u
c
ture
2.
PRIMARY
F
REQ
U
E
NCY
CONT
ROL
U
n
l
i
ke
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l
pr
oduc
ti
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
s,
D
F
I
G
-
ba
se
d
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bine
s
ha
v
e
no
re
la
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
gr
id
fre
que
nc
y
bec
a
u
se
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
var
i
a
b
l
e
s
pe
e
d
o
p
e
ra
t
i
on,
h
e
n
ce
z
ero
i
n
e
rti
a
l
re
sp
on
se
,
an
d
t
h
ey
d
o
not
p
artic
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
f
re
qu
en
cy
st
a
b
i
li
z
a
t
i
on
.
T
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
A
e
o
l
i
a
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
fr
eq
uenc
y,
it
mus
t
p
rod
u
ce
a
n
elec
tr
ical
p
ow
er
l
e
s
s
tha
n
its
m
a
x
imum
a
va
i
l
ab
le
pow
e
r
P
MPPT
w
hen
t
h
e
gri
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
in
a
n
orm
a
l
ra
nge
arou
nd
t
he
n
o
m
inal
f
re
que
n
c
y
in
o
rde
r
t
o
cre
a
te
a
p
rim
a
ry
r
ese
r
v
e
.
An
i
ns
t
a
n
t
an
eous
i
mb
al
an
ce
b
et
wee
n
p
r
od
u
c
ti
on
a
nd
c
on
su
mpt
i
on
i
s
s
yn
ony
mo
us
w
i
t
h
a
f
re
que
n
c
y
v
a
ri
a
t
i
on,
s
o
w
h
e
n
t
he
fre
que
ncy
dro
p
s
,
the
w
i
n
d
t
urbi
ne
m
u
s
t
pro
v
i
de
a
p
ort
i
o
n
o
f
i
t
s
p
ow
er
r
e
s
erv
e
Δ
P
w
hic
h
i
s
pro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
t
o
t
he
v
a
r
ia
ti
on
o
f
t
h
e
fre
que
nc
y
Δ
f
to
t
h
e
g
rid
.
T
h
i
s
port
i
on
p
o
w
e
r
injec
t
e
d
i
s
base
d
o
n
t
he
s
tat
i
sm
curve
as
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
2,
w
h
ic
h is n
ot
f
i
x
e
d
a
n
d
de
p
e
n
d
s
on
the
ma
xim
u
m
ava
i
la
bl
e
pow
er
a
nd
t
he
w
i
nd
sp
e
e
d
[
1
1
].
F
i
gure
2. The
stat
i
sm
c
urve
U
s
ua
ll
y the
ca
l
c
ula
t
i
o
n
o
f
sta
t
i
sm
i
s define
d
by t
h
e
fol
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
xpre
s
s
i
on
:
(1
)
Where
i
s
a
wi
nd
g
ro
up
fre
qu
e
n
c
y
,
i
s
a
ne
tw
ork
refere
nce
freque
nc
y,
the
i
n
s
t
an
ta
ne
ous
pow
er
prod
u
ce
d by a
gr
oup,
P
p
r
ogram
me
d re
serve
pow
e
r
a
nd
P
i
s
a
nom
i
n
al
pow
e
r
of w
i
n
d
tur
bi
ne.
S
o
t
w
o
m
ea
n
s
o
f
c
o
n
t
ro
l
a
r
e
po
s
s
i
b
le
t
o
l
o
w
e
r
th
e
val
u
e
of
t
he
C
c
oe
ffic
i
e
nt
o
f
pow
er
(
i.e
.
a
ctive
pow
er
) [1
2
]
: E
ithe
r
by a
n
acc
eler
at
i
o
n
of t
he
spee
d
o
f the
tu
rb
i
n
e,
or by a
n
i
ncre
ase
of t
he
a
ng
le
o
f or
i
e
n
t
a
tio
n
of
t
he
b
lades
(pi
t
c
h
a
ngle
)
.
2.1.
A
c
t
ive p
o
wer
man
a
gem
e
n
t
b
y
con
t
rolli
n
g
t
h
e
m
echan
ica
l
rot
a
ti
on
sp
eed
Th
is
c
on
t
r
o
l
is use
d
w
he
n the
w
i
n
d
s
pe
ed
i
s
be
low
the ra
te
d s
p
e
ed
t
ha
t
t
h
e tur
b
ine
c
a
n
w
i
t
hs
tan
d
;
t
he
p
r
in
c
i
pl
e
o
f
t
hi
s
me
t
h
od
i
s
to
c
re
at
e
a
1
K
P
pow
e
r
r
eser
ve
w
hile
a
dj
usti
ng
the
ele
c
tr
oma
gne
t
i
c
t
orq
u
e
of
t
he
ge
n
e
r
at
o
r
a
nd m
a
inta
in
t
he
p
i
t
c
h
a
ng
le
a
t 0°
a
s show
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
3 [1
3
-
15].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
P
r
im
ar
y
fre
q
ue
ncy
c
o
n
t
r
o
l ap
pl
i
e
d to t
h
e
wi
nd t
u
r
b
ine b
a
s
e
d
on t
h
e
D
F
IG
…
(Issam
Minka)
1
051
F
i
gure
3.
Fr
e
quenc
y co
ntr
o
l
loo
p
o
f a
var
i
a
b
l
e
spee
d
w
in
d t
u
rb
i
ne
s
y
s
te
m
G
:
is
th
e
coe
fficient m
u
ltip
l
i
e
r
of
G
e
arbox
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gure
4
t
h
e
prim
ar
y
re
se
rve
i
s
m
a
d
e
by
red
u
ci
ng
th
e
p
o
we
r
coeff
i
c
i
e
n
t
with
a
s
hi
ft
f
r
o
m
operati
ng
po
int
A
to
poi
nt
B
a
nd
by
incr
e
a
si
ng
the
mechanica
l
r
ot
a
t
i
onal
spee
d
(i.e
.
incr
easing
th
e
ra
t
i
o
speed
λ
)
[16-19].
T
he
point
A
c
orr
e
spo
nds
t
o
th
e
maximum
pow
er
e
xtra
cte
d
from
t
he
w
i
nd
and
to
t
he
o
p
t
i
m
al
rotation
spee
d
,
w
hil
e
t
he
o
p
e
ratin
g
poi
nt
B
c
orresponds
t
o
t
h
e
power
c
re
ated
a
fter
r
ese
r
v
a
ti
o
n
.
When
t
h
e
re
i
s
an
i
m
b
alanc
e
o
f
t
h
e
produc
tion-c
onsum
pt
i
o
n
ratio
,
t
hat
is
t
o
sa
y
a
fre
q
u
e
ncy
i
n
s
t
ab
ilit
y
t
he
o
peratin
g
p
o
i
n
t
move
t
o
w
a
r
ds
a
no
ther
ope
rating
poi
nt
C
t
o
i
n
ject
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
ne
tw
ork
the
q
u
a
n
t
ity
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
ΔP
w
hic
h
corr
espo
n
d
s to
t
h
i
s
varia
t
i
on.
F
i
gure
4. D
i
s
pl
ac
em
ent of
t
he ope
ra
ti
n
g
po
i
nt
by incr
eas
in
g t
h
e
t
ur
bine
rota
t
io
n spee
d
The
a
e
rod
yna
m
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
at poi
n
t
C
is de
te
rmine
d
b
y t
h
e
(16)
[
1
1
]:
1
Δ
(
2
)
W
ith
:
ΔP
f
f
Δf
(
3
)
We de
d
uce
t
h
e
pow
e
r
c
oeff
ici
e
nt a
t
p
o
i
n
t
C
:
,
0
1
(
4
)
We
e
x
p
r
e
ss
th
e
pow
e
r
c
oe
ffi
c
ie
nt
C
λ,
β
0
by
its
i
n
t
e
r
po
l
a
tio
n
p
o
l
y
nomia
l
o
f
d
egre
e
2
a
s
a
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
o
f
λ a
n
d
β =
0° [
11
]:
0
.
01
79
0
.2
744
0
.5
52
2
(
5
)
The
res
o
lution
o
f
(4)
by
repl
acing
,
0
by
i
t
s
in
t
e
rpolat
i
o
n
p
o
l
y
nomial
of
t
he
(
5)
m
akes
i
t
possi
b
l
e
to exp
re
ss
t
he
speed
r
atio at the
poin
t
C
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
104
9 –
1
0
58
1
052
.
.
.
.
(6
)
Wi
th:
⎩
⎪
⎨
⎪
⎧
0
.
552
2
0
.
2
7
4
4
0
.
017
9
(
7
)
When
t
he
g
rid
fre
q
ue
ncy
i
s
s
ta
bl
e
a
t
(
f
0
=50
H
z
)
ΔP
0
,
t
h
e
n
t
he
opera
t
i
ng
p
o
int
o
f
t
he
w
ind
t
u
rbine
is
a
t poin
t
B
,
c
onseq
uen
t
l
y
t
he
pow
er coefficient at po
in
t
B
an
d the
spe
e
d ra
ti
o
are
gi
ve
n by
:
,
0
1
1
2.
2
1
2.
2
2
4.
2
2
2
1
0
2.
2
(
8
)
The
elec
t
r
oma
gne
tic
t
o
r
qu
e
T
_
expre
s
se
d
by
the
(9),
r
e
q
uire
s
the
w
i
nd
ge
nerator
to
m
o
v
e
f
r
om
operati
ng
p
oi
nt
A
t
o
po
int
B
i
n
order
t
o
a
c
h
ie
ve
a
pow
e
r
r
e
s
erve
,
and
duri
ng
a
fr
eque
ncy
i
m
balanc
e,
i
t
c
h
ange
s
th
e
opera
ting p
o
i
n
t
from
the p
oi
nt
B
to
C
i
n
o
r
der
t
o
i
njec
t
the
correspondin
g
pow
er
:
_
(
9
)
2.2.
A
c
t
ive p
o
wer
man
a
gem
e
n
t
b
y
th
e
p
i
tc
h
con
t
r
o
l
A
c
cordi
n
g
to
t
he
p
ow
e
r-spee
d
c
h
a
rac
t
eri
s
t
i
c
F
i
gur
e
5
of
t
he
w
in
d
t
u
rb
in
e
w
h
en
t
he
w
ind
spe
e
d
i
s
hi
gh,
t
he
p
ow
e
r
capt
u
re
d
b
y
t
he
t
ur
bine
a
n
d
i
t
s
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
nal
spe
e
d
rea
c
h
t
h
e
i
r
ma
xi
m
u
m
va
l
u
e
s
.
In
t
h
i
s
ca
se,
w
e
ca
nno
t
ha
ve
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
p
ow
er
r
e
s
e
r
ve
only
by
inc
r
ea
sin
g
t
he
r
o
t
a
tio
n
sp
ee
d.
U
n
d
e
r
t
he
se
c
on
d
iti
on
s
and
i
n
order
to
c
r
eate
the
pow
e
r
r
eser
ve,
the
spee
d
of
r
o
t
a
t
ion
m
u
st
b
e
kep
t
a
lm
o
s
t
cl
ose
t
o
i
ts
m
axim
um
v
a
l
u
e
,
and
als
o
,
w
e
a
dded
anot
her
con
t
ro
l strate
gy
ba
se
d
on t
h
e
co
ntr
o
l of
t
he
orie
n
ta
tio
n a
n
gl
e
o
f
t
he
blade
s [2
0-2
2
]
.
F
i
gure
5.
The
pow
er-
s
p
e
e
d
c
har
acter
i
s
t
i
c
The
Fi
g
u
re
6
s
how
s
the
pr
in
c
i
p
l
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
t
ro
l
w
h
ic
h
a
llow
s
t
he
d
i
s
p
l
ac
em
ent
of
t
h
e
o
pera
t
i
n
g
po
int
s
o
n
the
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
e
f
fic
i
e
n
t
c
h
ara
c
teris
t
ic
a
s
a
func
ti
on
o
f
t
h
e
r
a
t
i
o
s
p
e
e
d
a
nd
for
di
ffe
ren
t
v
a
l
ues
of
.
The
o
p
er
at
i
n
g
po
i
n
t
A
c
orr
e
spo
n
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
o
ptim
al
r
ot
at
i
on
spe
e
d
a
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
ow
er
cap
ture
d
by
t
h
e
tur
b
ine
for
0
°
.
The
dis
p
lace
me
nt
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
at
ing
po
i
n
t
A
t
o
th
e
po
in
t
B
w
hi
c
h
c
orre
sp
on
ds
t
o
t
h
e
ma
ximum
r
o
ta
t
i
o
n
s
pe
e
d
doe
s
no
t
a
l
l
o
w
t
h
e
cre
a
ti
on
o
f
the
des
i
r
ed
p
owe
r
r
es
e
r
v
e
1
.
For
th
is
pur
pose,
b
y us
i
ng the p
i
t
c
h an
gle c
o
n
t
ro
l, the
a
ng
l
e
of or
ien
t
a
ti
o
n
of the
b
l
a
d
es
is
i
n
cr
e
a
s
e
d,
w
hic
h
m
ake
s
i
t
pos
si
b
l
e
t
o
r
ed
uce
the
ca
pt
ure
d
p
ow
e
r
o
f
the
w
i
n
d
a
n
d
t
o
s
e
t
t
h
e
o
p
e
ra
t
i
ng
poi
nt
a
t
th
e
p
o
i
n
t
E
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
[
1
1
]
,
w
h
e
n
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
m
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
freque
nc
y
t
h
e
operat
i
ng
p
o
i
n
t
m
o
v
e
s
fr
om
po
i
n
t
E
t
o
F
i
n
order
to
i
nj
e
c
t
t
h
e
corre
spondi
ng
p
ow
e
r
.
The
Co
nt
r
o
l
l
o
o
p
s
for
pitc
h
angle
con
t
rol
an
d
pow
er
contro
l
are show
n in the F
i
gure 7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Prim
ary
freq
ue
n
c
y
con
t
r
o
l
ap
plie
d
to t
h
e w
i
nd t
u
r
b
i
n
e
b
a
s
e
d
on t
h
e
D
F
I
G
…
(I
ssam
Min
k
a)
1
053
F
i
gur
e
6.
D
ispl
a
cem
ent
o
f
t
he
oper
a
t
i
n
g
p
o
i
nt
by
chan
g
i
n
g
t
he
a
ng
le
β
F
i
gur
e
7.
B
loc
k
d
ia
gr
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
system
o
f
or
i
e
nta
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
b
la
de
s
The
spee
d
r
e
g
u
la
t
o
r
and
the
pow
e
r
c
or
r
ecto
r
a
r
e
t
he
P
r
opo
r
t
i
ona
l
Integ
r
al
(
P
I)
ty
p
e
,
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
sition
c
o
r
r
e
ctor
w
e
h
a
ve
c
h
o
se
n
a
P
r
o
por
tio
na
l
t
ype
c
or
r
ector
(
P
)
.
The
s
a
t
ur
ati
o
n
va
lue
o
f
t
he
w
e
d
g
i
ng
a
ng
l
e
i
n
pos
i
tio
n
i
s
9
0
°
[2
3]
,
[2
4]
.
T
her
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
pow
e
r
m
a
k
ing
it
p
o
s
sible
t
o
dec
r
ea
se
t
he
a
ngle
of
o
r
i
e
n
tat
i
on
of
t
he
b
l
ad
es,
t
h
u
s
t
o
a
l
l
o
w
th
e
wind
t
u
r
bin
e
t
o
re
se
r
v
e
th
e
po
we
r
o
r
t
o
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
nt
o
t
h
e
netw
or
k
a
q
u
an
t
i
t
y
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
Δ
P
i
s
give
n
b
y
t
he
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
xpr
e
ssi
on
:
1
Δ
(
1
0
)
3.
S
I
MULAT
I
ON AND
INTER
PRE
T
A
T
I
O
NS
I
n
t
his
par
t
w
e
t
e
s
t
t
he
p
ar
tici
p
a
tio
n
of
t
he
w
ind
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
A
D
R
C
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
e
gu
lat
i
on.
F
or
t
ha
t
,
w
e
c
h
oo
se
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
v
al
ues
o
f
t
he
p
ow
e
r
r
ese
r
ve
(
K
%)
a
nd
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nt
v
a
l
ues
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
pee
d
s.
W
e
t
ook
the
w
i
nd
spe
e
dc
o
n
st
ant
dur
in
g
t
h
e
time
o
f
simu
la
ti
o
n
,
the
gr
i
d
f
r
e
que
ncy
dr
op
w
i
t
h
-
1H
z
fr
om
t
he
i
ns
tan
t
1
4s
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
sta
n
t
1
9
s,
t
he
n
i
n
cr
e
a
ses
by
+
0.
8H
z
fr
om
t
he
i
nsta
nt
2
1s
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
st
a
n
t
26
s
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
,
T
h
e
sta
tism
of
t
he
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
f
r
e
que
ncy
se
tt
ing
s
y
st
e
m
i
s
set
at
4
%
and
t
h
e
DFIG
a
n
d
i
t
s
c
on
t
r
o
l
sys
t
em
are
a
ssumed idea
l
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
.
T
he
g
r
i
d
fr
eque
nc
y
3.
1.
E
v
a
lu
at
io
n
of
t
h
e
s
p
eed
c
on
t
r
ol
s
t
r
at
egy
I
n
t
h
i
s
case
t
h
e
w
i
nd
s
p
ee
d
va
lu
e
s
u
se
d
is
l
es
s
t
h
a
n
t
he
n
om
i
n
a
l
w
i
nd
s
p
e
e
d
o
f
the
w
i
nd
t
u
r
b
ine
u
s
ed
(
11.
0
7
m
/
s)
a
nd
t
he
a
ng
le
o
f
o
r
ien
t
at
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
b
la
de
s
is
k
e
p
t
at
z
e
r
o.
F
r
o
m
the
r
e
su
lt
s
ob
t
a
ine
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
9,
10,
1
1
a
nd
1
2
i
t
is
n
o
t
e
d
t
ha
t
the
me
ch
anic
a
l
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
spee
d
a
n
d
th
e
ele
c
t
rom
a
gn
etic
t
orq
u
e
forc
e
th
e
ge
ner
a
t
o
r
to
r
o
t
ate
at
a
s
pee
d
h
ighe
r
tha
n
t
h
e
o
pt
ima
l
s
pee
d
a
n
d
a
l
so
d
e
g
r
a
de
t
he
c
oef
f
ic
ien
t
o
f
pow
er
t
hus
al
lo
wing
t
h
e
wi
n
d
tu
rbin
e
t
o
cre
ate a rese
rve of pow
er.
During
t
h
e
fr
eq
uen
c
y dr
o
p
c
r
e
ate
at t
he
i
nsta
nt
1
4s t
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
104
9 –
1
0
58
1
054
elec
tr
oma
gne
t
i
c
t
o
rq
ue
b
eg
i
n
s
t
o
i
nc
rea
s
e
p
r
opor
t
i
o
n
al
l
y
t
o
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
dro
p
,
c
ontra
ry
t
o
the
m
e
c
h
anica
l
rota
ti
o
n
s
pe
e
d
w
hic
h
d
ec
rea
s
es
a
nd
ca
use
s
a
n
i
n
cre
a
se
i
n
the
p
o
wer
coeffi
c
i
ent
(i.e.
ac
tive
p
o
we
r).
F
rom
the
i
n
s
t
ant
21
s
th
e
el
ec
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
to
rqu
e
b
egi
n
s
to
d
e
c
re
ase
a
n
d
r
eq
uires
the
ro
tor
to
i
n
c
rea
s
e
it
s
r
o
t
a
tio
na
l
spee
d
w
h
ic
h le
a
d
s t
o
the
d
e
g
ra
dat
i
on
o
f
t
he
pow
er
coe
ffic
i
e
nt
a
n
d
t
he
r
ec
ons
ti
tu
tio
n
of
t
he
pow
er
r
ese
r
ve.
F
i
gure
9.
M
e
c
h
a
nic
a
l
rota
t
io
n spee
d fo
r
di
ffe
rent
w
i
n
d
spe
e
d
va
l
ue
s an
d
a c
onsta
nt va
l
ue
o
f t
h
e
pow
er
reserve
(
K
=10%)
F
i
gure
1
0
.
Electrom
a
g
n
e
tic
t
orque
f
or
d
iffer
e
nt w
i
nd
spee
d va
lue
s
a
nd
a c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
v
alue
o
f t
h
e
po
w
e
r
reserve
(
K
=10%)
Fi
g
u
r
e 11
. Po
we
r C
o
ef
fi
ci
ent
for different
w
ind
spe
e
d
va
l
ue
s and
a c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
v
alue
o
f t
h
e
po
w
e
r
reserve
(
K
=10%)
F
i
gure
1
2
.
A
c
tive
pow
er
f
or
d
iffer
e
n
t
w
in
d sp
ee
d
va
lue
s
an
d
a
c
ons
t
a
n
t
v
a
l
ue
o
f the
p
o
w
e
r
re
serve
(K
=
1
0%)
A
c
cordi
n
g
to
t
he
F
i
g
ure
s
13
a
n
d
14
w
e
a
l
s
o
no
ti
c
e
t
ha
t
t
h
e
e
vol
u
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
r
ota
t
io
na
l
speed
a
nd
the
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
K
=
1
0
%
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
re
n
t
t
o
those
for
the
c
a
ses
o
f
K
=
15%
a
n
d
K
=
20%
.
This
d
i
f
fere
nce
is
e
xp
la
ine
d
by
t
h
e
in
i
tia
l
p
o
sit
i
on
o
f
the
ope
r
a
ti
ng
p
o
in
t
b
e
fore
t
he
f
re
q
u
enc
y
defa
u
l
t
an
d
b
y
t
he no
n
-l
i
n
e
a
ri
ty
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
wer
-
speed
c
ha
rac
t
e
r
is
tic
o
f the
w
i
nd
t
u
rb
ine.
B
ut
t
he
r
ea
ction o
f
t
his
A
e
ol
ian
to
t
he
va
r
ia
tio
n
of fre
que
nc
y r
e
m
a
ins the
sa
me
for
a
l
l
perc
e
n
ta
ges
of re
s
erve
take
n
.
F
i
gur
e 1
3
.
Mec
h
an
ica
l
r
ota
tio
n
spee
d
for
differ
e
nt
pow
e
r
r
eserve
(
K %) val
ue
s
and
a c
o
n
s
ta
nt
w
ind
spee
d
val
u
e
F
i
gure
1
4
. A
c
t
i
v
e
pow
e
r
for di
f
fere
nt
p
ow
er
r
ese
r
ve
(
K
%) val
u
e
s
a
nd
a c
o
n
s
ta
nt
w
ind
spee
d
val
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
P
r
im
ar
y
fre
q
ue
ncy
c
o
n
t
r
o
l ap
pl
i
e
d to t
h
e
wi
nd t
u
r
b
ine b
a
s
e
d
on t
h
e
D
F
IG
…
(Issam
Minka)
1
055
3.2.
Ev
a
l
u
ati
o
n
of th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
c
on
t
r
o
l
I
n
t
ha
t
e
v
en
t
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
s
pee
d
v
a
l
u
e
s
use
d
i
s
su
per
i
or
t
o
t
h
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
w
i
n
d
spe
e
d
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bi
ne
use
d
(
1
1
.
07m/
s
).
A
s
s
how
n
in
t
he
F
i
gur
e
15,
t
he
a
ng
le
β
f
o
llow
s
its
s
e
t
poi
nt
s
ge
nera
te
d
by
the
co
n
t
rol
lo
o
p
of
t
he
b
lade
o
r
i
enta
t
i
o
n
sys
t
e
m.
F
i
g
u
r
e
15.
The
angle
o
f
o
rie
n
t
a
tio
n
of t
he
b
la
des
an
d its re
f
e
r
ence
The
F
i
gur
es
1
7
a
nd
18
s
how
t
he
e
vo
l
u
t
i
on
of
a
c
t
iv
e
pow
e
r
a
nd
t
h
e
me
c
h
ani
cal
r
ot
a
t
i
o
n
sp
ee
d
fo
r
di
ffe
re
nt
w
i
n
d
spee
ds
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
a
c
ons
ta
nt
pow
er
r
eserve
p
erc
e
nt
a
g
e.
W
e
n
o
tice
tha
t
t
he
r
o
t
a
t
i
on
s
p
ee
d
i
s
clo
s
e
to
i
ts
m
aximum
v
a
l
ue
;
t
h
er
efor
e,
m
ov
ing
t
h
e
ope
rat
i
n
g
po
i
n
t
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
c
a
n
n
o
l
o
n
g
e
r
b
e
do
ne
o
n
l
y
b
y
i
ncre
as
in
g
the
m
e
c
h
ani
cal
s
p
e
e
d
,
th
e
n
t
he
a
dd
iti
o
n
o
f
the
pitc
h
a
n
gle
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
s
e
ssen
tia
l
t
o
cre
a
te
t
he
n
ec
essary
r
e
s
e
r
ve.
A
ccor
d
in
g
t
o
t
he
F
ig
ur
e
1
6
w
e
no
t
ice
t
h
a
t
t
he
a
n
g
le
o
f
or
i
e
nta
t
i
o
n
of
b
la
des
i
n
c
r
ea
se
p
roport
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
t
o
t
h
e wi
nd
sp
e
e
d
.
Whe
n
t
he
f
r
e
q
u
enc
y
d
ro
p
a
t
t
he
i
nsta
nt
1
4s
t
he
p
i
t
c
h
a
ng
l
e
b
e
g
i
ns
t
o
de
c
r
ea
se
p
ro
port
i
ona
l
l
y
t
o
t
he
fre
que
nc
y
dr
o
p
,
w
h
i
c
h
dec
r
e
a
s
es
t
he
m
e
c
h
a
nica
l
ro
ta
ti
o
n
s
peed
t
ha
t
ca
use
s
a
n
inc
r
ea
se
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
prod
uce
d
.
F
r
om
t
he
i
ns
ta
nt
21s
t
he
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
orie
n
t
at
i
o
n
of
b
la
des
be
gins
to
i
ncr
eas
e
w
h
ic
h
m
a
ke
s
it
p
o
ss
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
n
cre
a
se
the
m
echa
n
ic
a
l
r
ota
t
iona
l
sp
e
e
d
w
h
ic
h
lea
d
s
t
o
t
he
d
e
g
r
a
dat
i
on
of
t
h
e
pow
er
c
oeff
i
c
ien
t
t
h
u
s
al
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
o
restore
the
p
o
w
er rese
r
ve.
Fi
g
u
r
e 16
. Th
e
a
n
g
l
e
of o
ri
enta
t
i
on
o
f th
e
bl
ad
es f
o
r
d
i
ff
e
r
en
t
win
d
sp
eed
v
al
u
e
s
F
i
gure
1
7
.
M
e
cha
n
i
c
a
l
rota
t
i
o
n spe
e
d
for di
f
fe
rent
w
i
n
d
spee
d
val
ue
sa
nd a
cons
t
a
nt va
l
ue
of
th
e
pow
e
r
re
s
e
r
v
e
(
K
=
10%
)
F
i
gur
e 1
8
.
A
c
t
i
ve
pow
er
for
di
ffe
ren
t
w
i
n
d
sp
e
e
d
val
u
es a
n
d
a
c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
v
al
ue
o
f
t
h
e po
we
r
re
s
e
rv
e
(
K
=
10%
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
104
9 –
1
0
58
1
056
A
s
t
he
F
ig
ure
s
1
9,
2
0
an
d
2
1
s
how
t
hat
for
e
ach
p
er
cen
tage
o
f
r
e
ser
v
e
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
o
r
i
en
t
a
tio
n
of
t
he
bla
d
es
i
s
de
fin
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
cre
a
te
a
p
ow
e
r
r
ese
r
ve,
and
a
l
s
o
t
h
e
me
ch
ani
c
al
r
ot
a
tio
n
spee
d
d
o
e
s
n
ot
s
h
i
ft
i
t
s
ma
ximum
va
l
u
e.
W
e
no
tice
t
h
e
e
v
o
l
u
t
ion
o
f
t
he
m
echa
n
ica
l
r
o
t
a
t
i
on
s
p
e
ed
a
nd
t
h
e
a
ct
i
v
e
po
we
r
fo
r
t
h
e
di
ffe
re
nt
p
erc
e
n
ta
ges
(K
%
)
of
t
he
pow
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
ve
a
r
e
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
beca
use
of
t
he
i
n
i
ti
a
l
p
os
it
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
oper
a
tin
g
po
int
be
for
e
t
he
f
re
que
nc
y
fai
l
u
re
a
nd
a
l
so
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
o
r
d
e
cre
a
se
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
gl
e
o
f
o
r
i
ent
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
b
lades.
Fi
g
u
r
e 19
. Th
e
a
n
g
l
e
of o
ri
enta
t
i
on
o
f th
e
bl
ad
es f
o
r
di
ffe
re
nt p
ow
e
r
r
eser
ve (K
%)
value
s
F
i
gure
2
0
. Me
c
han
i
ca
l
rota
ti
o
n
spee
d
f
or
d
i
f
fe
rent
pow
er
r
ese
r
ve (K %
)
va
l
u
e
s a
n
d
a
con
s
ta
n
t
w
in
d
spee
d
val
u
e
F
i
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e 2
1
.
A
c
t
i
ve
pow
er
for
di
ffe
ren
t
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ve (
K
%
)
value
s
a
nd a
con
s
ta
nt w
i
nd
spe
e
d va
l
u
e
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
o
rder
t
o
forc
e
the
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
bine
t
o
par
tic
ipa
t
e
i
n
t
he
fre
que
nc
y
a
d
j
u
s
t
me
nt
a
c
o
n
t
r
ol
s
tra
t
e
g
y
has
bee
n
s
tu
d
i
e
d
a
nd
de
ve
lope
d,
t
o
o
p
er
ate
the
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bine
i
n
a
n
o
n
-
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
s
t
a
t
e
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
r
e
s
e
r
v
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f
o
r
all
w
i
n
d
s
pe
e
d
s
by
us
in
g
tw
o
m
e
th
od
s,
s
uch
as
t
he
c
on
tr
ol
o
f
th
e
ro
t
a
t
i
on
s
p
eed
v
i
a
t
h
e
e
l
ect
ro
mag
n
e
ti
c
tor
que
a
n
d
t
hu
s the
co
ntro
l o
f
t
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orie
n
ta
tio
n
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ngl
e
o
f
t
he bl
a
de
s.
The
first
me
t
hod
is
u
sed
w
h
e
n
t
he
w
i
n
d
spe
e
d
is
l
o
w
er
t
ha
n
t
h
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nom
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l
s
pee
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
tur
b
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n
e
c
a
n
ca
ptur
e
(11.0
7
m
/s).
T
his
co
ntr
o
l
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
i
s
ma
de
b
y
i
n
c
r
ea
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n
g
t
he
m
ec
hani
cal
r
o
t
at
i
on
spee
d
v
i
a
t
h
e
elec
tr
oma
gne
t
i
c
t
o
rq
ue.
W
h
e
n
t
he
w
i
n
d
spe
e
d
e
x
cee
d
s
t
h
i
s
n
o
min
a
l
spee
d
of
t
he
t
ur
bin
e
,
the
se
c
o
n
d
m
e
t
ho
d
is
u
se
d
w
h
ich
ma
kes
it
poss
i
ble
to
i
nc
rea
s
e
the
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f
t
he
b
la
des
t
o
c
r
eat
e
a
re
se
rve
of
pow
e
r
and
th
us t
o
ma
i
n
ta
i
n
t
he
s
pee
d
of
rotat
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on
a
n
d
the
G
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
po
wer
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u
st
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o
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xc
eed
t
he
i
r
m
axim
u
m
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al
u
e
s.
A
s
t
he
r
esu
l
t
s
s
how
,
for
al
l
w
i
nd
spe
e
d
v
a
l
ue
s
t
h
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w
i
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d
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urb
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port
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s
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ila
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er
w
he
n
t
h
e
gri
d
f
re
q
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cy
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s
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le
a
nd
re
l
e
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t
h
e
s
tore
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e
nerg
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w
h
e
n
t
h
e
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ri
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fre
que
nc
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drops
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o
sup
por
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t
h
e
gr
i
d
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gra
dua
lly
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et
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o
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f
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e
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cy
h
a
s
r
et
urned
t
o
i
ts
nomi
n
a
l
v
a
l
ue.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
P
r
im
ar
y
fre
q
ue
ncy
c
o
n
t
r
o
l ap
pl
i
e
d to t
h
e
wi
nd t
u
r
b
ine b
a
s
e
d
on t
h
e
D
F
IG
…
(Issam
Minka)
1
057
APPENDIX
Tab
l
e
1. P
a
r
ameters
of D
FIG
P
a
ra
m
e
te
rs
V
a
l
u
e
Ra
t
e
d
powe
r
Ps
2
M
w
Pol
e
p
a
i
r
s
p
2
R
o
tor r
e
sist
a
n
ce
Rr
2.
9
10
-3
Ω
Sta
t
or
r
e
s
ist
a
nce
Rs
2
.6
1
0
-3
Ω
M
u
tua
l
induc
t
a
n
c
e
M
2
.5
1
0
-3
H
R
o
tor i
nduc
ta
n
c
e
Lr
2.
587
10
-3
H
S
t
a
t
o
r
i
nduc
t
a
n
c
e
Ls
2.
587
10
-3
H
Ta
ble
2.
P
aramete
r
s of
W
in
d Turb
ine
P
a
ra
m
e
te
rs
V
a
l
u
e
Ge
a
r
box c
o
e
f
fic
i
en
t
G
92.
6
M
o
m
e
nt
of
ine
r
tia
J
1000
Kg/
m
2
V
i
sc
ous
f
ric
tion
f
0.
0024
Le
ngth
of
one
b
la
d
e
R
40
m
A
i
r
de
nsit
y
ρ
1.
225
Kg/
m
2
Table
3
.
The A
DRC P
a
ramet
e
rs
K
200
K
100
K
250
β
3600
β
1200
β
2000
β
3240
000
β
3600
00
β
1000
000
b
5.
8454
*10
3
b
4.
14*1
0
5
b
-
4
00
REFE
RENCES
[1
]
V.
M
eenakshi,
S
.
Param
a
si
va
m
,
“
Control
Strat
e
gy
U
s
ed
i
n
D
F
IG
a
n
d
P
M
S
G
B
ased
W
i
nd
T
u
rbine
s
a
n
Ov
ervi
ew”,
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal Jo
ur
nal
o
f
Power
Elect
ro
ni
c
s
an
d Drive S
y
stem
s
(
I
J
PEDS)
, V
ol.
8,
N
o
.
3
,
pp.
1
16
0-1
167,
S
e
p
t
em
b
e
r201
7
[2
]
S
.
M
e
n
s
o
u
,
A
.
E
s
s
a
d
k
i
,
T
.
N
a
s
s
e
r
,
B
.
B
.
I
d
r
i
s
s
i
,
“
A
n
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
l
i
n
ear
B
acks
t
ep
pin
g
C
o
n
t
r
oller
A
p
p
r
oach
o
f
a
Win
d
P
ower
G
e
n
erati
o
n
S
y
s
t
em
B
ased
on
a
DF
IG”.
Inte
rn
at
ion
a
l J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Re
ne
wa
ble
Ene
r
gy
Re
se
arc
h
,
Vol
.
7
,
No
4
, p
p
. 15
2
0
-
1
5
2
8
,
Decem
ber 2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
I
.
M
i
n
k
a
,
A
.
E
s
s
a
d
k
i
,
S
.
M
e
n
s
o
u
&
T
.
N
a
s
s
e
r
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
a
D
F
I
G
D
r
i
v
i
n
g
b
y
W
i
n
d
T
u
r
b
i
n
e
:
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
S
t
ud
y
Betw
een
A
D
RC
an
d
P
I
C
on
troller”,
Proc
e
e
d
ing
of the
5t
h In
te
rn
at
io
na
l
Re
n
e
wa
ble
an
d
Su
sta
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
r
g
y
Conf
eren
ce (
I
RS
E
C
),
D
ec
em
ber 2017.
[4
]
S
.
M
e
n
s
o
u
,
A
.
E
s
s
a
d
k
i
,
T
.
N
a
s
s
e
r
&
B
.
B
.
I
d
r
i
s
s
i
,
“
A
R
o
b
u
s
t
S
p
e
e
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
a
D
o
u
b
l
y
F
e
d
I
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
Usi
ng
i
n
WECS
by
t
h
e
N
onlinear
B
ack
step
pi
ng
C
on
troll
e
r”.
P
r
oceed
in
g o
f
th
e 3
r
d
Int
e
rn
a
tion
a
l Co
nfer
ence
on
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
and In
fo
rm
ati
on T
e
chn
o
l
ogi
es (ICEIT
)
, pp
. 1-6
, Nov
emb
e
r 20
17
.
[5
]
V.
G
ev
orgi
an,
Y
.
Z
h
a
ng
a
n
d
E
.
El
a,
"
Inv
e
stig
ating
th
e
Im
p
acts
o
f
Wi
nd
G
e
n
eration
P
a
rti
c
ip
a
t
i
on
in
I
n
t
erco
nnect
io
n
F
r
eq
uen
c
y
Res
pon
se,
"
i
n
I
E
EE
T
r
an
sa
c
tio
ns
o
n
S
u
sta
i
na
ble
En
e
r
g
y
, vo
l
. 6
, n
o
. 3
,
pp
. 10
0
4
-
10
1
2
,
Ju
l
y
20
1
5
[6
]
Y.
W
ang,
G
.
Delille,
H.
B
ayem,
X.
G
ui
l
l
aud
and
B.
F
rancois,
"
Hi
gh
Wi
nd
P
o
w
er
P
enet
rati
on
in
I
so
lat
e
d
Po
we
r
S
y
st
e
m
s—A
s
sessm
ent
of
W
i
nd
Inerti
al
a
n
d
P
rim
a
ry
F
req
u
en
cy
R
espo
ns
es,
"
i
n
I
E
EE
Tran
sa
c
t
ion
s
on
Pow
e
r
Syst
ems
,
vo
l. 2
8,
no
. 3
, pp
.
2
41
2
-
24
20
,
Au
g
. 20
1
3
.
[7
]
X.
Y
in
gchen
g
,
T.
n
eng
l
i
ng,
“
S
y
stem
f
requ
ency
r
egu
l
ati
o
n
in
ves
t
i
g
a
ti
on
in
d
o
ubl
y
f
e
d
in
du
cti
on
generat
o
r
(DFIG)”
W
S
EA
S Tr
an
sa
ctio
ns on
P
o
wer s
y
st
ems
,
Vol. 7
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
. 1
8-2
6
.
20
12
.
[8
]
I.
M
i
n
ka,
A.
E
ssadki,T.
N
asser,
“
Th
e
A
D
RC
linear
pow
er
c
o
n
t
r
ol
ap
pli
e
d
to
t
he
w
i
n
d
t
u
rb
ine
s
y
st
em
b
ased
o
n
DFIG”,
ARP
N
J
o
urn
a
l of En
g
i
ne
er
in
g a
nd Ap
p
lied
Scien
ces
,
V
o
l
.13
,
No
.
1
4
,
pp
.
4378
-438
6,
J
uly
2018.
[9
]
A.
R
ahab
,
F
.
S
en
ani,
&
H
.
Benal
l
a,“Direct
p
ow
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
bru
s
h
l
es
s
do
ubly-f
e
d
i
n
d
u
ction
generat
o
r
us
ed
i
n
wind
energy
c
o
nvers
io
n
sy
stem
”.
Inte
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
nal
of
P
o
wer
El
ectr
onics
an
d
Dr
iv
e S
y
st
ems (
I
JPEDS)
,
Vol.
8
,
No.
1,
pp.
4
1
7
-4
33,
2017
.
[1
0]
S
.
M
e
n
s
o
u
,
A
.
E
s
s
a
d
k
i
,
I
.
M
i
n
k
a
,
T
.
N
a
s
s
e
r
&
B
.
B
.
I
d
r
i
s
s
i
,
“
B
a
cks
t
ep
pin
g
C
o
n
t
r
oll
e
r
f
o
r
a
V
a
ri
abl
e
W
in
d
S
p
eed
Energ
y
C
on
versi
o
n
S
y
ste
m
B
as
ed
o
n
a
D
F
IG
”
,
Pro
ceedi
ng of
the 5t
h
Int
e
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
R
e
newab
l
e an
d Su
s
t
a
i
n
able
Ener
gy Co
nf
ere
n
ce (
I
R
S
E
C
)
,
De
cem
b
e
r
20
17
.
[1
1]
R.
C
h
a
ki
b
,
“
Comm
an
deavan
cé
e
d
’u
neéol
i
en
ne
à
b
ase
d
e
l
a
M
A
D
A
e
nvu
e
de
s
a
p
a
rtici
p
atio
n
aux
servi
ces
s
y
s
t
è
m
e
:
réglag
e
d
e
f
réqu
ence,
r
ég
lag
e
d
e
ten
s
io
n
e
t
t
e
n
u
e
a
u
x
c
reu
x
d
e
t
e
nsion”PhD.
D
i
s
sertation
,
D
ept.
E
lect.
E
ng.
,
Mo
ham
m
e
d
V
Uni
v
ersity
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
a
S
c
hoo
l
of
E
ngineers
,
R
a
b
at
,
M
o
r
occo,
2
0
17
.
[1
2]
Y.
W
an
g
,
“
Ev
a
l
u
a
tio
n
de
l
a
perfo
rman
ce
d
e
s
régl
ages
d
e
f
r
équ
e
n
c
e
des
éo
lien
n
es
à
l
’éch
elle
d
u
sys
t
èm
e
électri
que:
App
l
i
cati
o
n
à un cas i
n
s
ul
aire”, P
hD.Dissert
at
ion,
D
ept.
L
2
E
P
,
Ce
n
t
ral
Scho
ol
of
L
i
l
l
e,
Fren
c
h, No
v
e
mber 2
01
2.
[1
3]
A.
M
olina-G
a
rcía,
I.
M
uño
z-Benaven
t
e,
A
.
D
.
H
ans
e
n
and
E.
G
óm
ez
-Lázaro
,
"
Dem
a
n
d
-S
id
e
Co
ntri
buti
o
n
to
P
r
im
ary
F
r
equ
e
ncy
Con
t
ro
l
With
W
ind
Farm
A
uxi
li
ary
Con
t
rol,
"
i
n
IEEE T
r
ansactio
ns o
n
Po
wer
Sys
t
ems
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
5
, p
p.
2
39
1-
2
3
9
9
, Sep
t
.
20
1
4
.
[1
4]
Cheng
m
in
g
He
a
n
d
H
on
gt
a
o
W
an
g,
"
Rese
arch
on
prim
ary
f
r
e
quen
c
y
c
on
tr
ol
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
b
a
se
d
o
n
D
FIG
,
"
IE
EE
PE
S
Inno
vat
i
ve
S
m
a
r
t G
r
id T
e
ch
no
logi
es
,
Tian
j
i
n
,
2
0
1
2
,
pp
.
1-5
.
d
o
i
: 1
0
.
1
10
9/
IS
GT-Asi
a.
20
12.
63
031
9
6
[1
5]
I.
E
rli
c
h
an
d
M.
W
il
ch,
"
P
ri
m
a
ry
freq
u
en
cy
c
o
n
t
r
ol
b
y
win
d
t
u
r
b
ines,
"
I
E
E
E
PES Ge
ne
ral
Me
e
t
in
g
,
P
r
o
v
i
d
ence,
R
I,
201
0,
p
p
.
1
-8
.
doi
:
1
0
.
1
10
9
/
PES.2
0
1
0
.
5
58
991
1
[1
6]
F
.
S
en
ani
,
A
.
Rahab
,
&
H
.
Benal
l
a,
“
A
Complet
e
M
o
d
elin
g
and
Co
n
t
r
ol
f
o
r
W
ind
Tu
rb
i
n
e
Based
o
f
a
D
ou
b
l
y
F
e
d
In
d
u
c
t
io
n
Ge
ne
ra
to
r
u
s
in
g
D
i
re
c
t
P
owe
r
C
on
tro
l
”
.
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Power E
l
ect
ronics
and
Dr
ive S
y
s
t
ems
(IJPED
S
)
,
V
o
l
. 8
,
N
o.
4
,
p
p
.
1954-1
9
6
2
,
2
01
7.
[1
7]
A.
A
hmid
i,
“
P
a
rti
c
ip
atio
n
de
p
arc
s
d
e
pro
duct
i
o
n
é
ol
ien
n
e
au
r
é
glage
de
l
a
ten
s
i
o
n
et
d
e
la
p
u
i
ssance
réa
c
ti
ve
d
an
s
les
réseaux
électriq
u
es”,
P
hD
th
e
si
s, Central
S
cho
o
l
o
f
Lil
le,
F
r
en
ch,
201
0.
[1
8]
X.
Y
i
n
g
c
heng
a
nd
T
.
Neng
li
ng
,
“
R
e
v
iew
o
f
c
ontrib
u
tio
n
to
f
req
u
e
n
c
y
con
t
rol
thro
ug
h
vari
abl
e
s
peed
w
in
d
tu
rbine,
Re
ne
wa
ble
En
e
r
g
y
,”
Re
n
e
w
a
bl
e
En
e
r
g
y
.
Vo
l
. 36
(6), pp
.
16
7
1
-
16
7
7
, 20
1
1
.
[1
9]
S.
Y
u
a
n-Zh
ang
,
Z
.
Zha
o
-Su
i
,
L.
G
uo
-Jie,
L
.
J
in,
“Re
v
iew
on
f
req
u
e
ncy
co
nt
rol
o
f
p
ower
s
yst
e
m
s
w
ith
w
in
d
po
we
r
penet
r
ati
on,
Pr
o
c
”
,
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal
conf
eren
ce on
po
wer s
y
st
e
ms techn
o
l
o
g
y
(
P
OW
ER
CON)
,
H
a
ng
zhou
,
p
p.
1
-8,
201
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
104
9 –
1
0
58
1
058
[2
0]
A.
A
z
i
z,
G
.
Sha
l
iul
l
ah,
A
.
S
tojc
evski
,
M
.
Amanul
lah,
“
Part
i
c
ipa
ti
on
o
f
D
F
IG
b
as
ed
w
in
d
energy
s
ystem
i
n
l
o
a
d
freq
u
en
cy
o
f
in
terco
nnect
ed
m
ulti
generat
i
o
n
p
o
w
er
s
ystem”,
A
u
stra
lasi
an
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ti
es p
o
wer eng
i
neer
in
g
conf
eren
ce AU
PEC,
C
urtin
unive
rs
it
y,
P
ert
h
A
ustral
ia,
p
p
.
1
-6,
2014
.
[2
1]
Y.
Z
hu,
S
.
Li,
“
Participat
i
o
n
to
f
req
u
ency
r
egu
l
atio
n
of
w
ind
p
ow
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
with
s
pin
n
i
ng
reserv
e
con
t
rol
to
perm
anen
t
mag
n
et
s
yn
c
h
ron
o
u
s
g
enerat
ors
(P
M
S
Gs
)”,
r
e
newab
l
e po
wer gener
a
t
e
d conf
eren
ce
(
R
P
G
2
0
1
3
)
,
Be
ijin
g,
pp.
1
-4
,
S
e
ptember
2
0
1
3
.
[2
2]
M.
E
l
Azzao
ui,
H.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
i
,
K
.
Bou
d
araia,
“
Ba
ck
st
epp
i
ng
C
on
tro
l
o
f
wi
nd
a
nd
p
h
o
t
ovo
lt
aic
h
y
b
r
id
R
enewab
le
Energy
S
ystem”.
Int
e
rna
t
iona
l
Journal of
Pow
e
r El
ec
t
r
on
i
c
s a
n
d Dr
ive Sys
t
e
m
s
(
I
JPEDS
)
,
V
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
77
-686
,
201
6.
[2
3]
X.
Y
ing
c
he
ng
a
n
d
T.
N
e
n
gl
in
g,
“
Sy
ste
m
f
re
qu
e
n
c
y
r
e
g
ula
t
i
o
n
in
d
ou
bl
y
fed
in
du
cti
on
g
e
nerat
o
r
(D
F
I
G)”,
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal
Jo
ur
na
l o
f
Elect
ri
cal
Po
we
r
&
Ene
r
gy S
y
stem
s (IJPED
S
)
,
Vo
l
.
43
.
1
,
pp
. 97
7
-9
83
, 20
1
2
.
[2
4]
N. K
hezam
i,
“
Com
m
a
nd
em
u
l
timo
dèl
e
op
tim
a
l
e
d
es
éo
lien
n
es
: App
l
i
c
a
tion
à
la
p
arti
cipation
de
s éoli
enn
e
s au
réglage
de l
a f
r
équ
e
n
ce”,
P
hD T
hes
i
s
.
Ec
o
le Cent
r
ale d
e
Lill
e
, 2
01
1
.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
I
s
s
a
m
M
i
n
k
a
w
a
s
b
o
r
n
i
n
K
h
e
n
i
f
r
a
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
.
H
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
m
a
s
t
e
r
’
s
d
egree
in
S
c
i
ence
and
T
echnology
e
ntitled
M
i
croel
ectro
nic
Systems
of
T
elecommun
i
cat
io
ns
a
n
d
I
nd
ustri
a
l
Co
m
p
uti
n
g
at
t
h
e
F
acul
t
y
o
f
S
cience and
Tech
nol
og
y of
F
ez, Mo
r
occo
i
n
2
0
1
4
.
H
e
is
c
urre
n
t
l
y
w
ork
i
ng
o
n
a
d
o
cto
r
al
t
hesis
in
t
h
e
E
l
ectri
cal
E
ngineeri
n
g
Departm
e
nt
o
f
E
N
S
ET,
M
o
hammed
V
U
n
i
versity
Rab
a
t. His research
in
t
eres
t
s
i
nclud
e
renew
a
b
le
e
n
e
rgy
, m
achi
n
e
co
n
t
r
ol
a
nd
e
l
ectri
cal s
y
s
te
m
s
.
A
h
m
e
d
Essad
k
i
was
b
o
rn
i
n
Morocco
.
H
e
r
e
c
e
i
ved
th
e
P
h
D
d
e
gree
i
n
20
00
a
t
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
ia
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
S
c
h
o
ol
(
EM
I),
Rab
a
t i
n
2
00
0.
F
rom
19
90
to
1
993
,
h
e
pu
rsu
e
d t
h
e M
a
s
t
er p
rogram
at
U
Q
TR
U
n
i
versit
y,
Q
ueb
ec
Can
a
da,
in
e
lect
rica
l
en
gi
neerin
g.
H
i
s
cu
rre
n
t
r
es
earches
i
n
c
lud
e
ren
e
wabl
e
en
erg
y
,
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
es
a
nd
p
ow
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
h
m
ed
i
s
a
m
e
m
ber
of
R
GE
L
ab
i
n
res
earch
g
r
oup
l
eader.
C
u
rrent
ly
,
h
e
i
s
a
P
r
of
ess
o
r
at
t
h
e
e
le
ctri
cal
e
n
gi
neeri
ng
dep
a
rtment
o
f
ENS
E
T
,
Rabat.
Sa
ra
M
e
n
sou
was
bo
rn
o
n
19
92
i
n
Ra
ba
t,
M
o
r
oc
c
o
.
He
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
th
e
m
aster’s
d
egr
ee
i
n
i
nd
us
tria
l
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
S
i
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
B
e
n
A
b
d
e
l
l
a
h
U
nive
r
s
ity
,
F
e
z
,
i
n
2
0
1
5
.
S
h
e
is
c
urren
tly
p
ursu
in
g
P
h
D
d
e
gree
i
n
ren
e
w
a
b
l
e
en
e
r
g
y
,
m
o
t
o
r
d
rives
and
p
o
wer
sys
t
em
a
t
E
l
ectri
cal
E
n
g
in
eerin
g
Resea
r
ch
L
ab
orato
r
y,
E
N
S
ET,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
U
nivers
it
y
,
R
abat
,
M
o
ro
cco.
S
h
e
is
m
a
i
n
area
of
r
esearch
i
n
c
lu
de
s
co
ntri
bu
ti
on
t
o
th
e
co
nt
ro
l
of
t
he
g
en
era
t
ors
ap
pli
e
d
in
w
in
d
tu
rb
in
es
a
n
d
d
S
P
ACE
based
co
ntro
l
s
y
stem
s
T
a
mo
u
Nas
s
er
w
as
b
o
r
n
in
M
oro
cco.
S
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
v
ed
t
he
P
hD
d
eg
r
ee
i
n
200
5
and
h
e
r
rese
arch
M
S
d
e
gree
i
n
2
000
,
al
l
i
n
e
l
ectrical
e
ng
in
eerin
g
f
r
om
M
o
h
amm
a
di
a
E
ng
in
e
e
r
ing
Sc
ho
ol
(
EMI)
,
M
o
ro
cco.
Her
curren
t
r
es
earch
i
nteres
ts
i
n
c
lud
e
r
enew
abl
e
e
ner
g
y
and
m
o
t
o
r
driv
es.
S
h
e
is
am
em
ber
of
A
l
J
aza
ri
r
es
ear
ch
g
rou
p
.
Curren
t
l
y
,
sh
e
i
s
a
P
rof
e
s
so
r
a
t
t
he
c
om
m
unicati
o
n
n
e
two
r
ks
dep
artm
ent
of
E
NS
IAS
,
M
oh
amm
e
d V
Univ
ersit
y
R
a
b
at, M
or
occo
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.