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Driv
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4
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-
1763
1756
J
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ttp
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DS
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The
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VT
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Sy
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nd Wi
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Fins
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llector:
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a
ch
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uh
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mm
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d
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Nura
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m
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d F
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S
o
lar
En
e
rg
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Re
s
e
a
rc
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In
stit
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(S
ERI),
t
h
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Na
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o
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a
l
Un
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o
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K
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:
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ical
Fin
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201
7
I
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s
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A
d
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.
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ll ri
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.
C
o
r
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s
p
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nd
ing
A
uth
o
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:
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
Z
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i
,
C
o
lleg
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C
o
m
p
u
ter
I
n
f
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m
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Ma
n
a
g
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m
en
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(
ST
MI
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tar
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esia.
E
m
ail: z
o
h
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i.
u
k
m
@
g
m
a
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m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
U
CT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
llecto
r
d
esig
n
is
g
r
ea
te
s
t
v
ital
u
n
its
o
f
s
o
lar
co
llecto
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s
y
s
te
m
o
r
P
V/T
s
y
s
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m
to
c
o
llect
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
in
s
ab
s
o
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b
er
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
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w
id
el
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
.
So
lar
co
llecto
r
w
it
h
t
w
o
-
p
ass
f
in
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Nap
h
o
n
[
1
]
w
it
h
th
er
m
al
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
is
ab
o
u
t
3
0
-
6
0
%.
Fu
d
h
o
li
et
al.
[
2
]
h
av
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
t
w
o
-
ch
a
n
n
el
w
i
th
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
f
i
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
r
ice
w
el
f
ar
es
an
al
y
s
is
.
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h
e
en
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y
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f
f
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co
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t
-
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o
u
t
f
i
n
s
co
llec
to
r
.
T
ag
h
i
et
al.
[
3
]
h
av
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co
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d
u
cted
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
h
ea
t
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f
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p
o
in
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ed
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p
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lo
g
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n
th
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p
h
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to
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th
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m
al
s
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m
.
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h
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b
asic
id
ea
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th
e
ex
p
lo
it
elec
tr
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en
er
g
y
t
h
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o
u
g
h
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n
e
w
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t
co
v
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ed
to
p
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lo
g
y
.
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e
x
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e
n
tal
in
v
esti
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s
h
o
w
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t t
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f
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a
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ce
o
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0
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
Ku
m
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B
ab
u
[
4
]
h
av
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co
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p
ar
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
s
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m
u
latio
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ap
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to
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tlab
-
S
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m
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k
Sit
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.
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d
s
h
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t
cir
cu
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S
h
ar
m
a
e
t
al.
[
5
]
h
av
ea
n
a
l
y
ze
d
t
h
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
an
d
s
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m
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lat
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ap
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f
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id
p
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g
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s
y
s
te
m
b
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p
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to
v
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ltaic.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
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t
h
is
r
esear
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s
to
co
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m
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d
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d
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tab
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g
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
m
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d
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Z
o
h
r
i
et
al.
[
6
]
h
av
e
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
eli
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P
VT
)
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it
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d
w
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a
v
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th
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an
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s
is
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e
s
u
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f
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m
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h
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a
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w
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-
g
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co
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.
T
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P
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ab
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a
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d
lo
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p
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t
[
7
]
.
T
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m
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ap
p
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a
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d
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
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f
P
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asis
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I
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I
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N:
2
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8
8
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8
694
P
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to
vo
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-
Th
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P
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S
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w
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W
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th
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in
s
C
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…
(
Mu
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1757
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8
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.
T
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G
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[
9
]
.
T
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co
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p
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Z
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[
1
0
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n
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[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
p
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f
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s
o
f
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n
v
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n
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v
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b
y
th
e
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o
m
p
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o
f
d
r
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n
g
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
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an
d
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m
a
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Sar
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[
1
3
]
.
I
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y
t
y
p
ical
s
tead
y
-
s
tat
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
lta
g
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
cu
r
v
e
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
f
ac
to
r
s
l
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e;
le
n
g
t
h
,
c
h
an
n
el
p
e
n
etr
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n
,
f
lu
id
f
lo
w
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ate
a
n
d
p
ac
k
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g
f
ac
t
o
r
o
n
elec
tr
ical
a
n
d
th
er
m
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
E
ls
a
f
i
et
al.
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
C
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
m
al
co
llecto
r
an
d
p
h
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to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
ar
e
ca
lled
P
V/
T
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
r
ev
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w
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
Go
o
d
et
al.
[
1
6
]
.
Usi
n
g
g
laze
d
P
V/T
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
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f
o
r
i
m
p
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th
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y
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m
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ce
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Gen
etic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
-
Fu
zz
y
s
y
s
te
m
m
eth
o
d
[
1
7
]
.
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
et
al.
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
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lar
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to
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o
ltaic
(
P
V)
ar
r
ay
alo
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g
w
it
h
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
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m
u
m
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n
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
P
T
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Su
r
y
a
an
d
Sai
[
1
9
]
h
av
e
d
o
n
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
an
a
l
y
s
is
a
n
d
s
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m
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tlab
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h
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al
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is
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ased
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lls
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i
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ad
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d
te
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th
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2
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[3
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m
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ri
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.
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a
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Ba
b
u
,
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ter
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.
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[7
]
A
.
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u
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S
o
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.
H.
Ya
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[8
]
Z.
C.
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Y,
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re
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[9
]
L
.
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.
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1
]
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.
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2
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3
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.
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/T
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4
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R.
J.
Am
riza
l
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sa
n
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D,
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y
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,
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p
.
7
9
7
–
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0
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
G
.
P
.
El
sa
f
i
A
M
,
“
Co
m
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ra
ti
v
e
stu
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p
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e
n
trate
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lt
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s,”
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e
rg
y
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v
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rs
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
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l.
9
8
,
p
p
.
5
9
–
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8
,
2
0
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5
.
[1
6
]
C.
G
o
o
d
,
“
E
n
v
iro
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m
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tal
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p
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)
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.
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5
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p
p
.
2
3
4
–
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,
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0
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6
.
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7
]
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.
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g
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.
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g
ra
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l,
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P
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1
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p
.
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5
.
[1
8
]
N.
M
o
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a
m
m
a
d
,
M
d
.
A
.
Isla
m
,
T
.
Ka
ri
m
,
Q.
D.
Ho
s
sa
in
,
“
Im
p
ro
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e
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rra
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m
o
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o
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trac
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ter
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o
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trica
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l.
2
,
p
p
.
7
1
7
-
7
3
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
J.
S
.
Ku
m
a
ri
a
n
d
Ch
.
S
.
Ba
b
u
,
“
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
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n
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a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
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h
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t
o
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lt
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c
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ll
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sin
g
M
a
tl
a
b
-
sim
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li
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k
e
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n
m
e
n
t,
”
In
ter
n
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ti
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l
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o
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rn
a
l
o
f
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e
c
trica
l
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n
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C
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En
g
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g
,
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l.
2
,
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-
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4
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2
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.
[2
0
]
E.
S
k
o
p
lak
i
a
n
d
J.
A
.
P
a
ly
v
o
s,
“
On
th
e
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
e
p
e
n
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e
n
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e
o
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a
l
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e
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o
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a
n
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e
:
A
re
v
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e
ff
ici
e
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/p
o
w
e
r
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o
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l
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ti
o
n
s,”
S
o
l.
En
e
rg
y
,
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l.
8
3
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o
.
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,
p
p
.
6
1
4
–
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4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
1
]
R.
K.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
a
n
d
H.
P
.
G
a
rg
,
“
S
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P
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W
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ter
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e
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ter
Co
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it
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S
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n
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Co
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.
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.
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9
4
.
[2
2
]
T
.
T
.
Ch
o
w
,
“
A
r
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v
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w
o
n
p
h
o
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o
v
o
lt
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e
rm
a
l
h
y
b
rid
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lar
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
Ap
p
l.
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
7
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n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
5
–
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7
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
3
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
K.
S
o
p
ian
,
M
.
Y.
Oth
m
a
n
,
M
.
H.
Ru
sla
n
,
a
n
d
B.
Ba
k
h
t
y
a
r,
“
En
e
rg
y
a
n
a
l
y
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