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o
r
k
an
d
Fu
zz
y
L
o
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
l (
P
L
C
)
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
M
P
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e:
P
er
tu
r
b
a
n
d
Ob
s
er
v
e
(
P
&
O)
an
d
I
n
cr
e
m
en
tal
C
o
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
[
1
3
]
[
1
4
]
[
1
5
]
b
u
t
th
e
P
&
O
r
e
m
a
in
s
an
u
n
r
el
ia
b
le
m
eth
o
d
in
t
h
e
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
i
n
t
w
h
en
r
ap
id
ch
an
g
es
o
f
s
u
n
l
ig
h
t
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
a
f
f
ec
t
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
;
a
s
m
all
o
n
e
s
lo
w
s
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
r
ea
ch
in
g
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
w
h
ile
a
lar
g
e
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
i
n
cr
ea
s
es t
h
e
o
s
cillat
io
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
P
&
O
s
o
m
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
:
Ho
s
s
ain
an
d
all
[
1
6
]
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
MP
P
o
f
th
e
P
V
w
h
ile
s
u
d
d
en
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
;
L
ij
u
n
Q
in
an
d
Xia
o
L
u
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
P
&
O
w
i
t
h
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
s
ize
p
er
tu
r
b
ati
o
n
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
s
tead
y
s
ta
t
e
an
d
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
;
Qia
n
g
Me
i
[
1
8
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
el
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ic
h
ad
j
u
s
ts
a
u
to
m
at
icall
y
t
h
e
s
tep
s
iz
e
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
MP
P
.
O
th
er
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
ev
er
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
f
o
r
t
ac
k
in
g
th
e
MP
P
in
th
e
ev
e
n
t o
f
s
u
d
d
en
c
h
an
g
e
s
i
n
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
n
e
w
FP
G
A
-
b
ased
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
T
r
ac
k
er
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
tar
g
et
is
to
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
in
v
ie
w
o
f
r
ea
ch
in
g
r
ap
id
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
ex
ce
lle
n
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
w
h
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
p
lex
it
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
e.
2.
P
H
O
T
O
VO
L
T
A
I
C
SY
ST
E
M
2
.
1
.
P
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
Cell
M
o
del
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
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ltaic
ce
ll is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
[
2
0
]
.
R
p
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sc
R
S
P
ra
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t
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l
P
V
de
vi
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Ide
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pv
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Fig
u
r
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.
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a
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ll
T
o
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o
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e
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ll,
t
h
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q
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o
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e
cir
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o
w
n
i
n
F
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r
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1
s
h
o
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ld
b
e
r
ep
r
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b
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E
q
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; t
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cu
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r
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t
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1
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{
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3
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3
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Fin
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M
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q
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w
:
{
(
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W
h
er
e:
a.
: th
e
ce
ll s
h
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t
-
cir
c
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t.
b.
: Res
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s
tan
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c
h
ar
ac
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o
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b
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s
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s
d
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to
d
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in
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c.
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q
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8
:
[
{
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W
h
er
e:
a.
=
te
m
p
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r
e
r
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ce
b.
=
2
9
8
.
1
8
c.
=
1
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1
2
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β
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2
.
3
.
P
&O
F
P
G
A
-
B
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s
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P
V
po
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s
t
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T
h
e
p
r
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ted
s
y
s
te
m
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s
e
s
a
K
y
o
ce
r
a
KC
2
0
0
GT
p
an
el,
w
h
ich
Fi
g
u
r
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2
an
d
F
ig
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r
e
3
g
i
v
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e
r
elate
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ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
u
n
d
er
f
i
x
e
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
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n
an
d
f
ix
ed
ce
ll
t
e
m
p
er
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r
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
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te
m
co
n
s
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s
ts
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
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w
er
s
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u
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ce
(
t
h
e
p
an
el
)
,
t
h
e
D
C
-
DC
c
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n
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tin
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d
s
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s
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n
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FP
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ase
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s
y
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te
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f
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tr
ac
k
i
n
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
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w
er
(
MP
PT)
p
r
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d
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ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
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e
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ain
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l th
e
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ter
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D
C
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r
esis
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F
ig
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e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
P
&
O
M
PP
T
co
n
tr
o
l
is
to
d
is
r
u
p
t
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
V
PV
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
p
er
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d
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y
a
s
m
a
ll
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
ar
o
u
n
d
it
s
i
n
itial
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e
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n
d
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
P
PV
p
o
w
er
r
es
u
lti
n
g
v
ar
i
atio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
w
e
d
ed
u
ce
th
at
i
f
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
VP
V
v
o
l
tag
e
g
e
n
er
ates
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n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
w
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ig
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ased
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h
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to
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s
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h
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h
e
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o
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s
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ased
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ith
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p
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h
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m
p
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e
s
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y
w
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e
latest
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t
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m
p
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v
e
m
e
n
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
P
a
tel
,
V
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
.
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ATLA
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Ba
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6
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8
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9
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S
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Bo
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;
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.
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