Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
202
1
, pp.
14
2
2
~
14
3
0
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
2
.i
3
.
pp
14
2
2
-
14
3
0
1422
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Advanced
contr
ol strat
eg
y of DFI
G duri
ng symm
etrical
gri
d
fault
Tariq
Riou
c
h
1
, C
ri
s
tian Nic
hita
2
1
ESTF,
T
ec
hnol
ogie
s e
t
Serv
ic
es
Industriels L
abo
rat
ory, US
MBA
Univer
sity, Fez, M
oroc
co
2
GREAH
La
bor
at
ory, Unive
rsi
ty
Le Havre
Norm
andy,
Le Havre, F
ran
ce
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
22, 202
0
Re
vised A
pr 5,
2021
Accepte
d
J
ul
7
, 20
21
Thi
s
ar
ti
c
le
pro
poses
a
nov
el
sche
m
e
to
i
mpro
ve
th
e
doub
ly
-
f
ed
indu
ct
ion
gene
ra
tor
(DF
IG)
beha
v
ior
dur
ing
gr
id
f
aul
t
.
T
he
DF
IG’s
ar
e
s
ensit
ive
s
to
volt
ag
e
v
ari
a
ti
o
ns
when
abr
up
t
var
i
ations
of
t
he
wind
vel
o
cit
y
arr
iv
e.
For
enha
nc
ing
DF
IG
beha
vior,
p
r
ote
c
ti
ng
th
e
co
nver
te
rs,
and
s
moot
hing
th
e
fluc
tu
at
ions
po
wer
output
of
t
he
DF
IG
under
sag
voltage
;
a
novel
hybrid
ene
rgy
storag
e
sys
te
m
sch
eme
and
it
s
cont
ro
ller
are
proposed
.
The
ma
in
adva
nt
age
s
o
f
ou
r
appr
o
ac
h
a
re
a
faste
r
response
a
nd
suppress
ing
o
ver
voltag
e
on
DC
bus
an
d
glob
al
ly
le
ss
stress
in
th
e
storage
sys
tem.
The
con
trol
struct
ure
d
ec
r
eas
es
the
ti
red
n
ess
on
the
b
at
t
er
y
and
r
estore
s
t
he
DC
bus
volt
ag
e
r
api
dly
,
globally
the
ba
tt
ery
sys
te
m
op
era
t
ing
t
ime
in
c
rea
ses.
The
result
s
obt
ai
n
ed
by
simul
at
ions
in
MA
TL
AB
val
id
at
e
th
e
ben
efi
ts
of
the
suggested
con
tro
l.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
DF
I
G
Hybr
i
d
e
nerg
y st
or
a
ge
s
ys
te
m
Vo
lt
age
sa
g
Wi
nd
powe
r
fl
uctuati
on
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Tariq
Ri
ou
c
h
ESTF,
Tec
hnol
og
ie
s
et Ser
vic
es Industrie
ls
Lab
or
at
or
y
USMBA
U
nive
rsity, Fez
, M
orocc
o
Emai
l:
Tariq
.
ri
ou
c
h@g
mail
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
D
uri
ng
the
la
st
de
cade
t
he
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
e
(WT
)
i
nteg
rati
on
in
t
he
gr
i
d
has
inte
ns
ifie
d,
e
s
pecial
ly
t
he
DF
I
Gs
w
hich
i
s
most
us
e
d
in
WT
farms
.
T
he
DF
I
G
is
on
e
of
the
WT
s
ys
te
ms
mo
st
use
d
in
the
wind
fa
rm
,
this
due
to
sev
eral
ad
va
ntage
s;
va
riable
s
pe
ed
operati
on,
s
iz
ing
of
the
c
onve
rters
po
wer
re
pr
ese
nts
only
25%
-
30%
DF
I
G
po
wer
an
d
t
he
de
coupled
react
ive
a
nd
act
ive
powe
r
c
ontr
ol
[
1]
,
[
2].
I
n
s
yst
em
of
t
he
D
FI
G
,
a
sta
tor
windin
g
is
co
nn
ect
e
d
to
the
gr
i
d
,
but
t
he
windin
g
ro
t
or
is
inter
face
d
with
t
he
el
ect
r
ic
al
netw
ork
by
two
powe
r
co
nvert
ers;
co
nverter
asso
ci
at
ed
with
the roto
r
side
(RSC
)
,
co
nver
te
r
associat
e
d
with
the
el
ect
rical
gr
id
(G
SC
)
c
onnect
e
d
to
netw
ork
and
the
DC
li
nk,
w
hic
h
co
nnect
s
these
t
w
o
c
onver
te
rs
.
The
RSC
is
usi
ng
for
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
th
e
dec
ouple
d
power
s
(
fiel
d
or
i
entat
ion
co
ntr
ol
).
T
he
GS
C
oversee
s
the
rea
ct
ive
po
wer
inj
ect
ed
,
and
t
o
sta
bili
ze
the
DC
volt
age.
Se
ve
ral
cl
assic
al
strat
egie
s
con
tr
ols
w
ere
em
ployed
to
co
ntro
l
D
FI
G
s
sy
ste
ms;
c
ontr
ol
by
t
he
d
irect
p
ower
(
DP
C
)
,
vect
or
c
on
t
ro
l
s
(
VC)
a
nd
c
ontr
o
l
by
the
d
ir
ect
tor
que
(
DT
C)
[3]
,
[4].
Durin
g
the
f
au
lt
in
the
el
ect
ri
cal
gr
id,
t
he
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
r
equ
i
res
that
D
FI
G
must
rem
ai
n
co
nn
ect
e
d
to
net
work
an
d
co
ntribute
d
in
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
powe
r
s
yst
ems.
A
s
udde
n
re
duct
io
n
volt
age
sta
to
r,
a
sta
tor
flu
x
li
nkage
c
ou
l
d
c
on
ta
i
n
DC
c
ompone
nt
.
D
ur
i
ng
volt
age
dro
p,
D
F
IG
is
f
ound
e
xpose
d
of
tw
o
pro
blems.
First
prob
le
m
is:
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
curre
nt
a
pp
e
ar
ing
i
n
the
c
oils
of
the
r
oto
r
;
Seco
nd
pr
ob
le
m
is
t
he
DC
bus
ov
e
r
vo
lt
age
,
th
at
can
ca
us
e
pe
rformance
de
gr
a
datio
n
in
D
FI
G
s
ys
te
m
pe
rturbin
g
t
he
glo
bal
s
ys
te
m
be
hav
i
o
r
it
cou
ld
dama
ge
the
power
conve
rters
[
5]
,
[6].
With
the
increase
d
D
F
IG
pen
et
rati
on
in
el
ect
rical
gr
i
d,
performa
nce
of the
DFIG a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r f
luctuat
io
ns
inje
ct
ed
un
der fa
ul
t
become
resea
rch subje
ct
s
[
7].
The
s
olu
ti
ons
pr
ese
nted
t
o
de
al
the
low
-
volt
age
-
rid
e
-
th
r
ough
di
vid
e
d
in
t
wo
gro
up
s
:
ad
diti
on
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Adv
an
ce
d
c
ontrol strate
gy of
DFIG
durin
g
s
ymm
et
ric
al g
ri
d
fa
ult
(
Ta
ri
q Ri
ou
c
h
)
1423
sy
ste
m
s
olu
ti
ons
or
im
prov
e
d
co
ntr
ol
method
.
For
the
moderate
vo
lt
age
dro
p
[8],
t
he
imp
rove
d
con
t
rol
strat
egies
a
re
us
e
d
li
ke
sta
tor
cu
rr
e
nt
f
eedb
ac
k
co
ntr
ol
[9]
,
de
m
ag
netiz
at
ion
co
nt
ro
l
[10
]
,
i
nd
uctance
emulat
in
g
c
on
t
ro
l
(I
EC
) [11]
.
The
a
uxil
ia
ry
s
ys
te
m
s
ol
utions
su
c
h
as
sta
ti
c
sync
hrono
us
c
ompen
sat
ors
(
STA
TC
O
M
)
[
12],
cr
owba
r
protect
ion
ci
rc
uit
us
i
ng
a
res
ist
ance
series
[
13],
co
uld
s
olv
e
a
pa
rt
of
t
he
LVRT
capa
bi
li
ty
prob
le
m
s
[13].
S
eries
gr
i
d
si
de
conve
rter
(SGSC)
t
hat
it
is
detai
le
d
in
[
14
],
the
d
ynamic
v
oltage
resto
re
r
(
DV
R
)
is
stu
died
in
[15],
s
uperc
on
du
ct
in
g
m
a
gn
e
ti
c
energy
sto
r
age
a
nd
st
or
a
ge
ene
rgy
syst
ems
bo
t
h
a
re
c
ha
racteri
zi
ng
by
hi
gh
l
y
eff
ic
ie
nt
e
nerg
y
st
or
a
ge
a
nd
powe
r
c
on
tr
ollabil
it
y
un
der
f
aults
[
16],
[
17]
ha
ving
a
good
res
ult
f
or
e
nh
ancin
g
the
LVRT
cap
aci
ty.
The
strat
egies
me
ntione
d
,
act
durin
g
t
he
el
ect
rical
gr
id
fa
ult
durin
g
the
sud
den
va
r
ia
ti
on
sp
ee
d of
t
he wind
an
d
remai
n
inact
ive in
the
normal
operati
on.
In
t
his
arti
cl
e,
a
n
e
w
str
uct
ur
e
is
s
ugge
ste
d
f
or
en
ha
nc
ing
be
hav
i
or
WT
s
ys
te
m
ba
sed
DF
I
G,
reducin
g
po
we
r
fluct
uation
a
nd
im
pro
ving
LVRT
capa
bili
ty.
T
he
model
of
DF
I
G
WT
a
nd
t
he
hybri
d
energ
y
stora
ge
s
ys
te
m
(HESS
)
are
de
velo
ped
in
MA
TLAB/Si
m
ulin
k
;
the
sim
ulati
on
te
sts
are
performin
g
t
o
validat
e
our
propose
d
con
t
ro
l.
The
pap
e
r
is
str
uc
ture
d
as
b
eha
vior
D
FIG
under
fa
ult
with
the
ove
rall
sy
ste
m
arch
it
ect
ure
of
the
HES
S
are
discusse
d
in
se
cond
sect
ion
.
S
ta
bili
ty
stu
dy
an
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
of
the
HE
SS
s
ys
te
m
are
is
stud
ie
d
in
thir
d
sect
io
n.
Discu
ssio
n
w
it
h
the
s
imulat
ion
s
is
giv
e
n
in
f
ourth
sect
io
n,
afte
r
yo
u
fi
nd
t
he
con
cl
us
io
n
.
Figure
1. D
FIG s
ys
te
m
2.
DFIG
S
YS
TE
M U
N
DER
V
OLT
AGE
SAG
2.1.
System m
od
el
A
cco
r
ding
to
t
he
Par
k
m
odel
[18],
the
r
otor
var
ia
bles
is
re
ferred
i
n
the
st
at
or
ci
rc
uit
are
expresse
d
by:
⃗
⃗
=
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
⃗
⃗
⃗
(1)
⃗
⃗
=
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
⃗
⃗
⃗
−
(
⃗
⃗
⃗
)
(2)
Wh
il
e
i,
v
,
R
,
ψ
an
d
ω
re
presents
c
urre
nt,
volt
age,
re
si
sta
nce,
ma
gn
et
i
c
flu
x,
a
nd
r
ot
or
el
ect
rical
a
ngular
velocit
y
,
s
a
nd
r
desig
nate
s th
e
va
riables
of the stat
or a
nd th
e r
oto
r
.
In
DF
I
G
s
ys
te
m
,
t
he
coils
st
at
or
ha
s
li
nke
d
to
the
gr
i
d
di
rectl
y
.
T
he
el
e
ct
rical
gri
d
de
te
rmin
es
t
he
sta
tor vo
lt
a
ge v
s
.
T
he
R
SC re
gu
la
te
s t
he
r
ot
or volt
age
v
r
.
T
he
ro
t
or
a
nd st
at
or
flu
x
has
E
xpresse
d
with
:
⃗
⃗
⃗
=
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
⃗
⃗
⃗
(3
)
⃗
⃗
⃗
=
⃗
⃗
⃗
+
⃗
⃗
⃗
(4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
14
2
2
–
14
3
0
1424
Wh
il
e
a
mag
ne
ti
zi
ng
i
nducta
nce
is
denote
d
by
L
m
.
L
r
a
nd
L
s
are
t
he
of
the
sta
to
r
inducta
nce
a
nd
r
otor
inducta
nce
.
Vr
re
pr
ese
nts
t
he
ro
t
or
volt
age;
t
his
is
a
n
imp
or
ta
nt
va
riable
of
the
R
SC.
The
ro
t
or
flu
x
va
ria
ti
on
induces a
roto
r
volt
age
,
with
(3),
(
4) is
giv
e
n by
:
⃗
=
⃗
+
,
=
1
−
2
(5)
The
le
a
kag
e
f
a
ct
or
is
desi
gn
e
d by
σ a
nd
the
transient i
nduc
ta
nce
of t
he
ro
t
or
is re
pr
e
sente
d by
σL
r
.
With the
form
ulas
(
5) a
nd
(
2),
we
can
obta
in
(
6)
.
=
[
.
⃗
⃗
⃗
]
−
[
+
]
(6)
The
Vr
form
ul
a
re
pr
ese
nte
d
i
n
(6)
sho
wn
tw
o
par
ts;
f
irst
is
an
el
ect
r
om
a
gnet
ic
fiel
d
(
E
M
F
),
the
seco
nd
it
ems
are the
volt
age
sag
.
2.2.
Grid
f
au
lt
m
od
el
of t
he
DF
IG
Durin
g
no
rmal
conditi
on
s
,
w
e
can
co
ns
ide
r
the
sta
tor
re
sist
ance
eq
ual
t
o
zero
,
the
fl
ux
of
the
sta
t
or
can
be
pr
ese
nt
ed by [
19]
.
⃗
=
(7)
Wh
il
e
s,
Vs
a
re th
e
stat
or an
gu
la
r veloci
ty
and the
sta
tor
volt
age ter
minal
. T
hen,
us
in
g (
6) the E
MF is
(
8).
=
⃗
=
(8)
Wh
il
e
sr
,
s
a
r
e
sli
p
a
ngular
f
reque
ncy
an
d
s
li
p.
T
he
sli
p
s
is
pro
portio
nal
The
E
M
F
am
plit
ud
e
sV
sLm
/Ls
to
the.
Unde
r
s
ymmet
rical
volt
ag
e dro
p, the
flu
x o
f
the
stat
or is giv
e
n b
y [19],
[20]
:
⃗
=
(
1
−
)
+
−
(9)
Wh
il
e
p,
s
vol
ta
ge
sa
g
de
pt
h
and
t
he
sta
t
or
f
lux
ti
me
c
onst
ant
.
A
po
sit
ive
se
qu
e
nce
c
ompone
nt
is
s
how
n
by
t
he
first
it
em,
an
d
the
seco
nd
par
t
of
t
he
ex
pressi
on
is
the
DC
co
m
pone
nt.
Usi
ng
(
6),
t
he
E
MF
can
be
expresse
d
by
(
10)
:
⃗
=
−
[
(
−
)
−
−
−
(
−
)
]
(10)
3.
HESS
CONT
ROL
LER
AP
PRO
ACHES
The
mai
n
ci
rc
uit
of
DF
I
G
a
nd
t
he
ad
diti
onal
HESS
are
sh
owin
g
in
Figure
2.
Th
e
D
C
li
nk
sy
ste
m
con
ta
in
s
RSC
,
GS
C,
DC
ch
op
per
a
nd
HE
SS.
The
H
ESS
e
ne
rgy
s
ys
te
m
al
lows
a
ba
rter
of
the
real
pow
er
in
a
sh
ort
pe
rio
d
[
20]
,
[21
]
.
T
he
HES
S
c
ontroll
er
is
use
d
to
e
nh
a
nce
po
wer
flo
w
regulat
io
n
of
a
DFIG
WT
[
22
]
,
[
23
].
The
HESS
sy
ste
m
is
ba
sed
on
the
batte
ry
who
ta
kes
care
of
fluct
ua
ti
on
s
,
a
nd
on
S
uper
c
a
pacit
or
(S
C
)
that
deals
with
fast
tra
ns
it
io
ns
.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
s
ys
te
m
an
d
t
he
c
on
t
ro
l
al
s
o
imp
rove
al
s
o
the
batte
r
y
li
fe
ti
me.
The
se
a
dvanta
ges
of
this
s
yst
em
ap
proac
h
are
:
i
)
f
ast
er
re
sp
onse
of
t
he
r
est
or
at
io
n
DC
li
nk
vo
lt
a
ge;
ii
)
l
es
s
s
tress
i
n
sto
rage
s
ys
te
m;
ii
i)
s
uppress
ove
rvo
lt
age
in
DC
li
nk
volt
age.
T
he
HES
S
c
onf
i
gur
at
ion
re
pr
ese
nt
ed
in
Figure
3,
w
hich
i
nc
lu
de
t
wo
ene
r
gy
sto
ra
ge
syst
ems:
s
up
er
-
ca
pacit
or
a
nd
batte
r
y.
T
he
H
E
SS
is
li
nk
ed
t
o
DF
I
G
by it
s
D
C
bus
vo
lt
age
.
Wh
il
e
v
sc
an
d
v
batt
are
the
s
uper
ca
pacit
or
volt
age
a
nd
batt
ery
volt
age
re
s
pecti
vely
,
L
sc
and
L
batt
are
inducto
r
pa
ra
mete
rs
of
t
he
SC
an
d
batte
r
y.
C
sc
a
nd
C
batt
are
the
filt
er
capaci
ta
nce
of
SC
an
d
batte
r
y.
SW
a
,
SW
b
,
S
W
c
,
S
W
d
a
nd
S
W
e
a
re
the
s
witc
hes
of
dc
c
hoppe
r
.
T
he
i
batt
,
i
sc
r
epr
ese
nt
t
he
ba
tt
ery
c
urre
nts
an
d
t
he
SC
cu
rr
e
nts.
V
dc
is t
he vo
lt
ag
e of the
D
C B
us
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Adv
an
ce
d
c
ontrol strate
gy of
DFIG
durin
g
s
ymm
et
ric
al g
ri
d
fa
ult
(
Ta
ri
q Ri
ou
c
h
)
1425
Fig
ure
2.
D
FIG
s
ys
te
m
us
i
ng
HES
S
Figure
3
.
Archi
te
ct
ur
e
of
pro
pose
d
H
ESS
3.1.
Pr
oposed
c
ontr
ol
The
c
ontr
oller
ad
opte
d
f
or
the
HES
S
s
yst
em
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
4
.
T
he
mai
n
obje
ct
ives
are
decr
easi
ng
the
ti
redness
on
t
he
batte
ry
an
d
resto
rin
g
t
he
DC
bus
volt
ag
e
ra
pid
ly
,
the
op
e
rati
ng
ti
me
of
the
batte
ry
syst
em
increase
s
[
24
]
.
D
ur
i
ng
cha
r
ge
/
disc
harge
var
ia
ti
on,
t
he
necessa
ry
po
w
er
to
bala
nce
and
to
smooth
the
flo
w
of
po
wer
in
the
DC
bus
is
cl
assifi
ed
in
two
te
r
ms,
(i)
tr
ansient
po
wer
(P
tr
),
an
d
(ii)
a
ver
a
ge
powe
r
(
Pm
).
T
he powe
r bala
nc
e can be
ex
pressed:
(
)
−
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
=
̄
+
̂
(11)
W
he
re,
P
sc
(t)
, P
b
(t), P
rsc
(t)
and P
gsc
(t
)
ar
e SC
powe
r
,
b
at
te
r
y
powe
r
,
rsc
po
wer a
gs
c
pow
er
re
sp
ect
ivel
y.
Fo
r
r
e
gula
ti
ng
the volt
age
of t
he DC l
in
k,
t
he
d
el
ive
red HE
S
S po
wer
is:
̄
(
)
+
̂
(
)
=
(12)
Fi
gure
4
.
HE
S
S
co
ntr
o
l
l
er sy
ste
m
The
t
otal cu
rr
e
nt HESS
sy
ste
m
is:
(
)
=
(
̄
)
+
(
̄
)
=
̄
(
)
+
̂
(
)
(13)
T
he v
oltage lo
op can
b
e
used
to dete
rmi
ne
t
he
total
c
urre
nt
:
(
)
=
̄
(
)
+
̂
(
)
=
−
+
_
∫
(14)
+
+
+
PI
LPF
PI
V
b
/v
sc
PMW
+
+
+
+
+
PMW
+
PI
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
14
2
2
–
14
3
0
1426
K
p_vdc
an
d
K
i_v
dc
ar
e
the
inte
gral
an
d
t
he
pr
oport
io
nal
coe
ffi
ci
ent
con
t
ro
l
l
oop
of
the
DC
li
nk
volt
age,
wh
e
re
V
ref
,
V
er
a
nd
V
dc
represe
nts
re
fer
e
nce
,
er
ror
,
and
meas
ured
of
the
DC
bus
vo
lt
age
value
r
especti
vely
.
E
f
fici
ent
total
cu
rr
e
nt
s
har
i
ng
is
re
qu
i
red
to
ac
hieve
faste
r
V
DC
r
ec
ov
e
r
y
a
nd
a
n
excell
ent
perf
orma
nce
.
The
a
ver
a
ge
value
of
i
T
is
ta
king
by LP
F
(
15)
g
i
ve
the
av
e
rag
e
curre
nt
:
(
)
=
̄
(
)
=
+
(
)
(15)
Wh
e
re
i
bref
(s
)
and
ω
c
a
re
the
ref
e
ren
ce
cu
rr
e
nt
of
t
he
batte
ry
a
nd
cut
-
off
f
reque
ncy
[
25]
.
The
batte
r
y
s
ys
te
m
determi
nes
t
he a
ver
a
ge value
of the c
urre
nt. The
unco
mp
e
nsa
te
d power
P
b
_uncomp
(s)
is ex
pr
ess
ed
by
:
−
(
)
=
−
(
(
)
−
(
)
)
(
)
(16)
Fo
r
raisi
ng
pe
r
forma
nce
of
th
e
su
pe
r
ca
pacit
or,
the
unc
omp
ensated
powe
r
is
us
ed
.
The
c
urren
t
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
f
or
SC (i
scref
(s
)) f
or SC
is:
(
)
=
̂
(
)
+
[
̄
(
)
−
(
)
]
(
)
(
)
(17)
The
er
r
or
between
real
cu
rrent
an
d
the
ge
ner
at
e
d
cu
rr
e
nt
of
t
he
batte
ry
with
the
s
uperca
pacit
or
ref
e
ren
ce
c
urre
nts
is
fee
ding
to
c
orrecto
r
(PI
),
an
d
the
n
t
he
du
t
y
rati
on
is
ge
ner
at
e
d.
T
he
method
pu
rpos
e
is
t
o
regulat
e
the
D
C
volt
age
duri
ng
the
distu
rb
e
d
reg
ime
,
th
us
to
gu
a
ra
ntee
the
powe
r
balance.
The
be
ha
vior
of
the
H
ESS
de
pe
nds
to
the
SC
,
the
batte
r
y
a
nd
RSC
c
urre
nts
durin
g
t
h
e
var
ia
ti
on
of
th
e
interme
diate
ci
rcu
it
vo
lt
age
.
The
s
mall
D
C l
ink
volt
age
vari
at
ion
of t
he
ca
n be
giv
e
n
as:
=
′
+
′
+
′
(18)
Wh
il
e
∆V
dc
re
pr
ese
nt
t
he
DC
volt
age
va
riat
ion
.
G
b
,
G
sc
a
nd
G
rsc
a
re
res
pec
ti
vely
the
im
pe
dan
ce
sig
nals
of
SC
,
batte
ry
a
nd
RS
C.
∆i
’
sc
,
∆i
’
b
att
an
d
∆i
’
rsc
re
pr
esents
t
he
c
urr
ents
var
ia
ti
ons
of
SC
s
ys
te
m,
batte
r
y
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
RSC
sy
ste
m
re
sp
ect
ively
.
3.2.
S
C
curre
nt
l
oop
The SC
curre
nt
f
un
ct
io
n
is e
xpress
ed
by:
_
=
_
_
(19)
_
=
_
.
_
(
1
+
_
.
_
.
)
(20)
Wh
il
e
G
cl_sc
and
G
ol_sc
re
pre
sents
cl
ose
d
loop
a
nd
the
open
lo
op
res
pe
ct
ively.
K
i_sc
and
K
p_sc
pres
ents
the
integral
a
nd
t
he
pro
portion
al
coeffic
ie
nt
cu
r
ren
t
c
on
tr
oller
of
t
he
SC
. H
sc
is
the
supe
r
cap
aci
tor
cu
rr
e
nt
ga
in
of
the
c
ontrol
lo
op f
ee
db
ac
k
.
T
he
SC
c
urren
t
bode
p
lot
on
open
lo
op
is
pres
ented
in
Fi
gure
5
(
a
)
. Th
e
SC
cu
r
rent
con
t
ro
ll
er
pa
ra
mete
rs
a
re
d
et
ermine
d b
y
S
ISO to
olbo
x
:
K
p_
sc
= 0
.
25
an
d K
i
_sc
=
180
.
3.3.
Ba
tt
ery
c
urrent
lo
op
The
batte
r
y
open
lo
op
(
G
ol_b
)
is give
n b
y:
_
=
_
_
(21)
In
Ta
ble
1
K
i_
b
,
K
p
_
b
represe
nts
the
batte
ry
current
inte
gral
and
th
e
batt
ery
c
urre
nt
propo
rtion
al
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
resp
ect
ivel
y
of
the
correct
or
.
H
b
is
the
gai
n
feedbac
k
of
th
e
con
t
ro
l
lo
op
current
of
t
he
batte
ry
desig
ne
d
in
(21)
.
T
he
batte
ry
cu
rr
e
nt
bode
pl
ot
is
pr
ese
nted
in
Fig
ur
e
5
(b)
.
The
paramet
ers
c
ontro
ll
er
is
dete
rmi
ned
by
SI
S
O
to
ol
box
:
K
p_b
= 0
.
53
a
nd K
i_b
=
120
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Adv
an
ce
d
c
ontrol strate
gy of
DFIG
durin
g
s
ymm
et
ric
al g
ri
d
fa
ult
(
Ta
ri
q Ri
ou
c
h
)
1427
(a)
(b)
Figure
5
.
(
a
)
S
C curre
nt co
ntr
ol B
ode
plo
t
a
nd
(b)
batte
ry cu
rr
e
nt contr
ol
B
od
e
p
l
ot
Table
1.
T
ra
ns
f
ers
f
unct
io
ns
of the
HE
SS
sy
s
te
m
Du
ty
Cy
cle of the
SC in
d
u
cto
r
cu
rr
en
t
sc
_
sc
(
C
)
2
(
1
)
(
C
)
²
(
1
)
²
sc
dc
sc
L
id
sc
sc
sc
sc
sc
i
v
s
d
i
G
L
d
L
s
s
d
R
+−
==
+
+
−
SC cu
rr
en
t to o
u
tp
u
t vo
ltag
e
_
ˆ
(
1
)
(
)
()
ˆ
(
C
)
2(
1
)
dc
sc
dc
sc
L
iv
sc
sc
dc
sc
L
sc
v
d
v
L
i
s
Gs
v
d
i
i
−−
==
+−
Du
ty
Cy
cle of the
b
attery in
d
u
cto
r
cu
rr
en
t
_
(
)
2(
1
)
()
(
)
²
(
1
)
²
b
b
dc
b
L
i
d
sc
b
b
b
b
b
i
c
v
s
d
i
Gs
L
d
L
C
s
s
d
R
+−
==
+
+
−
SC co
rr
ecto
r
_
_
_
(
)
(
)
p
i
s
c
i
s
c
p
s
c
Gs
K
K
s
=
+
Battery
corr
ecto
r
_
_
_
(
)
(
)
p
i
b
ib
pb
Gs
K
K
s
=
+
DC
Bu
s
v
o
ltag
e corr
ecto
r
_
_
_
()
)
(
p
i
v
d
c
i
v
d
c
p
v
d
c
Gs
K
K
s
=
+
4.
SIMULATI
O
N
S
A
ND D
I
S
CUSSIO
NS
Fo
r
validat
e
t
he
ef
fecti
vene
ss
the
sug
gest
ed
syst
em,
th
e
DF
I
G
s
ys
te
m
with
the
H
ESS
de
sig
n
is
est
ablished
in
M
A
TLAB/
Sim
ulink
,
for
c
hec
k
ing
the
ef
fect
iveness
of
t
he
su
ggest
e
d
s
c
he
me
,
a
wi
nd
fa
r
m
is
us
e
d,
it
is
co
nsi
sti
ng
of
si
x
DF
I
G
s
ys
te
m
,
T
able
2
s
hows
the
el
e
men
t
s
of
eac
h
DFIG
.
Th
e
wi
nd
sp
ee
d
var
ia
ti
on
a
nd
t
he
sa
g
volt
age
are
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
6
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
7.
T
he
Fig
ure
8
s
how
th
e
r
ot
or
wi
nd
i
ng
current
with
t
he
tra
diti
on
al
scheme
unde
r
sag
vo
lt
age
.
With
the
sug
ge
ste
d
s
ys
te
m,
the
pea
k
of
t
he
ro
t
or
current
has
be
en
decr
eas
ed
s
how
Fig
ure
9
.
With
HESS
int
o
DF
I
G
sy
ste
m,
the
act
ive
powe
r
i
nject
ed
i
nto
t
he
netw
ork bec
ome
s m
or
e
sm
oothe
n
with
Fi
gure
10
,
preci
sel
y betwee
n
the
t
wo m
om
e
nts
t
1
=0.8s a
nd t
2
=1.4s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
14
2
2
–
14
3
0
1428
Table
2.
Para
m
et
ers
use
d f
or the sim
ulati
on
Elemen
t
Desig
n
atio
n
v
alu
es
DFIG
Po
wer
6
×1
,5 MW
V
s
Stato
r
v
o
ltag
e
6
9
0
V
R
s
Res
istan
ce of the
s
tato
r
co
ils
0
.00
4
8
m
Ω
L
s
Ind
u
ctan
ce of the
s
tato
r
co
ils
0
.13
8
6
m
H
R
r
Res
istan
ce of the
r
o
to
r
co
ils
0
.00
5
4
9
m
Ω
L
r
Ind
u
ctan
ce of the
r
o
to
r
co
ils
0
.14
9
3
m
H
f
Frequ
en
cy
5
0
Hz
V
dc
DC
v
o
ltag
e
1
1
5
0
V
Cd
Cap
acito
r
o
f
th
e dc
link
10µF
fs
Switch
in
g
f
requ
en
cy
1
0
KHZ
Fig
ure
6.
Wi
nd sp
ee
d
e
voluti
on
Fig
ure
7. G
rid vo
lt
age
Figure
8. Roto
r
curre
nt w
it
ho
ut
H
ESS
strate
gy
Figure
9. Roto
r
curre
nt w
it
h t
he
H
E
SS
st
rateg
y
Fig
ure
10.
Re
a
l
powe
r
The
cu
r
ve
of
a
reacti
ve
powe
r
obta
ine
d
by
the
sug
gested
is
kep
t
ar
ound
z
ero
with
the
H
ESS
s
ys
te
m
Fig
ure
11
.
The
DC
volt
age
overs
hoot
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1
2,
the
vo
lt
ag
e
drop
ca
us
es
an
ove
rvolta
ge
peak
,
wh
ic
h
reac
hes
1425
with
t
he
tradit
ion
al
s
yst
em
as
it
is
sh
own,
a
nd
this
vo
lt
age
val
ue
can
cau
se
a
m
at
erial
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Adv
an
ce
d
c
ontrol strate
gy of
DFIG
durin
g
s
ymm
et
ric
al g
ri
d
fa
ult
(
Ta
ri
q Ri
ou
c
h
)
1429
dama
ge,
with
the
pro
po
se
d
sy
ste
m
this
peak
ha
s
disapp
ea
re
d
.
D
ur
i
ng
a
s
ymmet
r
ic
al
vo
lt
age
di
p,
the
perfo
rma
nces
of
the
DF
I
G
with
th
e
tra
diti
on
al
sy
ste
m
a
nd
t
he
propose
d
syst
em
a
re
e
valuat
ed.
T
he
simulat
ion
s
ca
rr
ie
d
out
with
or
with
ou
t
the
HESS
syst
em
show
t
hat
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
t
he
res
ults,
wh
ic
h
made
it
possibl
e to im
pro
ve
th
e b
e
hav
i
or of t
he DFIG
w
hile
protect
in
g
it
.
Figure
11. Rea
ct
ive pow
e
r
Figure
12. DC
-
li
nk
vo
lt
ag
e
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
ne
w
c
ontrol
scheme
f
or
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
base
d
D
FIG
s
ys
te
ms,
w
hich
a
HESS
a
nd
it
con
tr
ol
ar
e
employe
d
to
i
mpro
ve
the
D
FI
G
syst
em
be
hav
i
or
,
ha
s
be
en
e
value
d.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
is
ben
e
f
ic
ia
l
to
impro
ve
the
be
hav
i
or of
the
DFIG s
ys
te
m,
an
d offer
a
best
tr
ansient
perf
ormance
unde
r
a
disturbe
d regi
me
.
The
res
ults
of
the
sim
ulati
on
s
how
s
that
th
e
H
ybri
d
E
ne
r
gy
St
or
a
ge
S
yst
em
ca
n
sm
ooth
ra
pid
l
y
the
act
ive
powe
r
flu
ct
uati
on
s
,
kee
p
react
ive
power
a
rou
nd
zer
o
an
d
th
e
same
ti
me
re
du
ci
ng
the
vo
lt
age
var
ia
ti
on
of
the
interme
diate
ci
rcu
it
.
T
o
ha
ve
a
broad
view
,
our
f
uture
w
ork
will
deal
w
it
h
the
pro
pos
ed
syst
em
duri
ng
a
n
asym
metri
c fa
ult.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
Hu,
X.
Li
n
,
Y.
Ka
ng
,
and
X.
Zou
,
“
An
i
mprove
d
low
-
v
olt
ag
e
r
ide
throu
gh
con
trol
strategy
of
doubly
f
ed
induc
ti
on
gen
er
at
or
during
gri
d
fau
lt
s
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Powe
r
E
lec
tronic
s,
vol
26,
pp.
3653
-
3665
,
Dec
em
b
er
2011
,
doi:
10.
1109
/T
PEL.
2011
.
216177
6.
[2]
J.
Liang,
W
.
Q
ia
o,
and
R.
G.
Harl
ey
,
“Fee
d
-
forward
tr
ansient
cur
r
ent
cont
r
ol
for
low
-
voltage
r
ide
-
throug
h
enha
nc
em
en
t
of
DF
IG
wind
turb
ine
s,”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
ener
gy
Conve
rs
ion
,
vol.
25
,
pp
.
836
-
843,
Sept
em
br
e
2010,
doi
:
10
.
1
1
09/T
EC
.
2010.
20
48033.
[3]
T.
R
iouc
h
,
R.
E
l
-
Bac
h
ti
ri
,
and
M.
Salhi
,
“Robu
st
slidi
ng
mode
cont
rol
for
smo
othi
ng
th
e
ou
tpu
t
power
of
DF
IG
under
fau
lt gri
d
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Re
v
ie
w
on
Mode
ll
ing
and
Simula
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
6
,
pp
.
1264
-
1270,
Aug
ust.
[4]
E.
Trembla
y
,
S.
Atayde,
and
A
.
Chandra
,
“Compara
t
ive
study
o
f
cont
ro
l
str
at
eg
ie
s
for
the
doub
ly
fed
indu
ct
ion
gene
ra
tor
in
wi
nd
ene
rgy
conv
ersion
sys
te
ms:
A
DS
P
-
base
d
im
plemen
ta
t
io
n
appr
oac
h
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
Sustainabl
e
Ener
gy,
vol
.
2
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
288
-
299
,
Ju
ly
2011,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/T
STE
.
201
1.
2113381.
[5]
W.
Guo,
L.
Xia
o,
and
S.
Dai
,
“
Enha
nc
ing
low
-
volt
ag
e
ride
-
thr
ough
ca
pab
il
i
ty
and
smoothi
ng
output
power
of
DF
IG
with
a
superc
onducting
fau
lt
-
cur
r
ent
l
im
iter
–
m
agne
t
ic
en
erg
y
stor
ag
e,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
En
erg
y
conv
ersion,
vol
.
27,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
27
7
-
295,
June
201
2,
doi
:
10
.
1109/
TE
C.
2012
.
2187
654.
[6]
T.
Riou
ch,
and
R.
El
-
B
ac
h
ti
ri
,
“
Advanc
ed
cont
r
ol
strategy
of
d
oubly
fed
i
nduction
gene
r
at
or
b
a
sed
wind
-
turbi
n
e
during
symm
et
ri
ca
l
grid
fau
l
t,”
Inte
rnational
R
e
vi
ew
of
Elec
tri
c
al
Eng
ine
ering
,
vol
9
,
pp
.
829
-
834,
2014
,
doi
:
10.
15866/i
r
ee.v9
i4.
2306.
[7]
T.
Riou
ch,
R
.
E
L
-
Bac
h
ti
ri
,
A.
A
la
m
ery
,
and
C.
Nichi
t
a
,
“Cont
ro
l
of
batter
y
ene
r
gy
storage
sys
tem
for
wind
turb
i
ne
base
d
on
DF
IG
during
symm
et
r
i
ca
l
grid
f
aul
t
,
”
i
n
Int
ernati
onal
Confe
renc
e
on
Re
newab
le
En
ergie
s
and
Pow
er
Qualit
y
,
2015
,
p
p.
714
-
718
,
doi
: 10.24084/
rep
q
j1
3.
465.
[8]
X.
-
Y.
Xi
ao,
R
.
-
H.
Yang
,
Z
.
-
X.
Zh
eng,
and
Y.
W
ang
,
“Cooperat
iv
e
rotor
-
side
SM
ES
and
trans
ie
nt
cont
ro
l
f
or
im
proving
th
e
LVRT
ca
p
abi
l
ity
of
grid
-
conn
ec
t
ed
DF
IG
-
bas
ed
wind
f
arm,”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
on
on
Appl
i
e
d
Superc
onductivit
y
,
vo
l. 29, pp. 1
-
5,
Mar
ch
2019
,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
A
SC
.
2018.
288131
5.
[9]
F.
K.
A.
L
im
a
,
A.
Lun
a,
P.
Rod
rigue
z
,
E.
H.
W
at
an
abe,
and
F.
Bla
abjerg
,
“Rotor
vol
ta
ge
dyn
a
mi
cs
in
the
dou
bly
fed
induc
t
ion
ge
ner
at
or
during
g
rid
f
aul
ts,
”
IEEE
T
rans
act
ions
P
ower
E
le
c
troncs
,
vo
l.
25,
pp
.
11
8
-
130,
Jan
.
2010
,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
P
EL
.
2009
.
202565
1.
[10]
D.
Xiang
,
L
.
R
a
n,
P.
J.
T
avne
r
,
and
S.
Yang
,
“C
ontrol
of
a
doub
l
y
fed
induc
t
ion
gene
ra
tor
in
a
wind
turbi
n
e
dur
in
g
grid
f
aul
t
rid
e
-
t
hrough,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
on
En
e
rgy
Con
ve
rs
io
n
,
vo
l.
21,
no
.
3,
pp
.
652
-
662,
Sept
.
2006
,
do
i:
10.
1109/TEC.
20
06.
875783.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
14
2
2
–
14
3
0
1430
[11]
Q.
Huang,
X.
Z
ou,
D.
Zhu
,
and
Y.
Kang,
“Sca
l
ed
cur
ren
t
tr
ac
ki
ng
cont
rol
for
d
oubly
fed
indu
ction
gene
r
at
or
to
ride
-
through
ser
i
ous
grid
fau
lt
s,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
Powe
r
E
lectr
oncs
,
vol.
31
,
no
.
3
,
pp.
21
50
-
21
65,
Marc
h
2016,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
P
EL
.
2015
.
242915
3
[12]
Y.
K.
Gounder,
D.
Nanjund
appan,
and
V.
Boom
i
nat
han
,
“E
nh
ancem
en
t
of
tr
ansient
stab
il
i
ty
of
di
stribut
ion
sys
tem
with
SC
IG
and
DF
IG
base
d
wind
far
ms
using
STATCOM
,
”
IE
T
Re
n
ewab
le
P
ower
Gene
ratio
n
,
vol
.
10
,
no
.
8
,
pp.
1171
-
1180
,
Sept.
2016
,
do
i:
10.
1049/iet
-
rpg
.
2016.
0022.
[13]
M.
M.
Hos
sain,
and
M
.
H.
Ali,
“
Tra
nsien
t
stabilit
y
i
mprove
m
ent
of
doubly
f
ed
in
duct
ion
gen
erato
r
bas
ed
v
ariabl
e
spee
d
wind
gen
era
tor
using
DC
resisti
ve
fau
lt
c
urre
nt
l
im
i
te
r
,
”
I
ET
Re
newab
le
Powe
r
Gene
rati
on
,
vol
.
10,
no.
2
,
pp.
150
-
157
,
20
16,
doi
:
10
.
1049
/i
et
-
rpg.
2015
.
01
50.
[14]
P.
S.
Flann
ery
,
a
nd
G.
Venka
ta
r
a
ma
nan
,
“Unba
l
a
nce
d
voltage
sag
rid
e
-
through
of
a
doub
ly
f
ed
ind
uct
ion
gen
erator
wind
turbi
n
e
wit
h
serie
s
gr
id
-
sid
e
conv
erter,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industry
App
li
cations
,
vo
l.
45
,
no.
5,
pp.
1879
-
1887,
Sept
.
-
oc
t.
2009,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/T
IA.2009.
20
27540
[15]
D.
Ramire
z,
S.
Marti
ne
z,
C.
A.
Plat
ero
,
F.
Bl
az
q
uez
,
and
R.
M.
d
e
Castro
,
“L
ow
-
volt
ag
e
rid
e
-
thro
ugh
ca
p
abilit
y
f
o
r
wind
gen
erators
base
d
on
dyn
am
i
c
vo
lt
ag
e
restor
e
rs,”
IEEE
Tr
ans
act
ions
Ene
rgy
Conve
rs
ion
,
vol
.
26,
pp
.
195
-
203
,
Marc
h
2011
,
doi
:
10.
1109
/T
EC
.
2
010.
2055869.
[16]
J.
Shi
,
Y.
T
ang
,
Y.
Xia
,
L.
R
e
n
,
and
Jingdong
L
i
,
“SMES
ba
sed
exc
i
ta
t
ion
sys
te
m
for
doubl
y
-
fed
ind
uc
ti
on
gene
ra
tor
in
win
d
power
ap
-
plic
at
ion
,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
A
ppli
ed
Super
con
duct
i
vi
t
y
,
vol
.
2
1,
no
.
3,
pp
.
110
5
-
1108,
Jun 2011
,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
A
SC
.
2011.
210545
0.
[17]
A.
Abu
-
Siada,
and
S.
Islam,
“
Applic
a
ti
on
of
SM
ES
unit
in
i
mprovi
ng
the
p
erf
orma
n
ce
of
a
n
AC/DC
powe
r
sys
te
m,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Sustaina
ble
Ene
rg
y
,
vol.
2,
no
.
2,
pp
.
109
-
1
21,
2011
,
do
i:
10.
1109/T
ST
E.
2
010.
2089995.
[18]
J.
Lopez,
P
.
San
chi
s,
X.
Roboam,
and
L. Mar
royo
,
“Dyna
mi
c
beh
a
vior
of
th
e
doubl
y
-
fed
indu
ct
ion
gene
ra
tor
during
thre
e
-
ph
ase
vo
ltage
d
ips,”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
E
nergy
Conv
ersion
,
vol
.
22,
no.
3,
pp
.
709
-
717
,
Sep.
2007,
doi
:
10.
1109/TEC.
20
06.
878241.
[19]
S.
Xiao,
G
.
Yan
g,
H.
Zhou,
and
H.
Geng,
“A
LV
RT
cont
ro
l
stra
tegy
base
d
on
f
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