Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
1415
~
1422
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
1415
-
1422
1415
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Des
i
gning
of a g
ener
ator f
or wave
energy
conv
ersion fo
r
outdo
or ac
tiviti
es
Noor Sy
az
ana
A
b
d G
hani
,
Taib Ibr
ah
im
,
Nu
rsy
arizal
Mohd
N
or
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
c
Eng
ineer
ing,
Univ
ersit
i
T
eknol
ogi
PETR
ON
AS
,
Mala
ysia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
7
, 20
20
Re
vised
Feb
2
2
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
A
pr
6
, 2
0
20
Wa
ve
ene
rgy
is
one
of
the
r
ene
w
abl
e
r
esourc
es
w
it
h
high
ava
i
la
bi
li
ty
a
rea
of
the
wav
e
ac
ross
the
world
.
How
eve
r,
the
wav
e
po
wer
densi
ty
in
Mala
ysia
i
s
smal
ler
co
mpa
re
d
to
oth
er
coun
t
rie
s
with
progr
e
ss
ive
deve
lop
ment
in
Wa
v
e
Ene
rgy
Conv
erter
(W
EC),
whic
h
le
ads
to
w
ave
ene
rgy
u
ti
l
izati
o
n
to
produ
ce
pic
o
-
sca
le
powe
r
gene
ra
ti
on
fo
r
the
ben
efi
t
o
f
outdoor
activitie
s.
Thus
,
thi
s
pap
er
is
pr
ese
nti
ng
the
mo
del
ing
of
a
tub
ula
r
longi
tud
inal
per
ma
n
ent
ma
gne
t
l
ine
a
r
g
ene
ra
tor
for
wa
ve
en
erg
y
conv
ersion
for
ou
tdo
or
act
ivitie
s
.
Thi
s
r
ese
ar
ch
aims
to
design
a
p
ic
o
-
sca
le
li
n
ea
r
gene
ra
tor
with
1
00
W
outpu
t
power
utilizing
wave
en
erg
y.
T
he
design
is
a
lso
int
end
ed
to
b
e
a
porta
b
le
design
with
a
weight
tha
t
le
ss
t
han
20
kg,
whi
ch
com
p
at
ib
le
with
outdoo
r
ac
t
ivi
ties.
The
g
ene
ra
t
or
is
prop
osed
by
designing
the
d
iffe
r
ent
shape
s
o
f
per
ma
n
ent
m
ag
net
s
with
slot
le
s
s
conf
igura
t
ion.
The
d
esigns
ar
e
simul
at
ed
using
the
Fini
te
El
ement
Analysi
s
(FEA)
to
obtai
n
the
p
erf
orma
n
ce
of
f
lux
distri
buti
on
,
f
lux
li
nk
age,
and
ba
c
k
EMF pe
rfor
mance
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Flux li
nk
a
ge
Ind
uced
-
E
M
F
Linear
ge
ner
at
or
Perma
ne
nt ma
gn
et
Wav
e
en
e
r
gy c
onve
rsion
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Tai
b
I
brahim
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nic
Eng
ineerin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i
PETR
O
NAS,
Seri Iska
ndar,
32610, Pe
ra
k,
M
al
aysia.
Emai
l:
ta
ibib@
utp
.e
du.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
As
t
he
w
or
ld
nowa
days
eme
rg
i
ng
into
m
ore
a
dv
a
nce
wi
th
te
ch
nolo
gical
ad
van
ce
s,
more
thi
ng
s
consu
mp
ti
on
is
nee
ded,
es
pecial
ly
energ
y
[
1]
.
The
us
e
of
e
ne
rgy
in
M
al
a
ysi
a
is
exp
li
ci
tl
y
increasin
g
by
1.8
%
annuall
y
[
2].
Hen
ce
,
m
or
e
ge
ner
at
e
d
e
ne
rgy
powe
r
is
re
qu
ire
d
t
o
sat
isfy
the
dema
nd
by
i
ncr
ea
sin
g
t
he
scal
e
of
ene
rgy
ge
ne
rati
on
us
i
ng
re
new
a
ble
e
nerg
y
r
eso
urces
[3]
.
T
he
stu
dies
on
im
pro
ving
th
e
pe
rformance
an
d
sy
ste
m
on
ca
pturin
g
the
re
new
a
ble
res
ou
rce
an
d
co
nve
rting
to
el
ect
r
ic
al
ener
gy
ha
d
co
nducte
d
[
1,
4]
.
The
re
ne
wab
le
resour
ce
c
ome
s
from
var
i
ous
typ
e
of
form
s,
as
one
of
th
em
is
from
the
ocean
wa
ves.
Ocea
n
wav
e
has
a
hi
gh
a
vaila
bili
t
y
area
acr
os
s
the
world
[5],
an
d
M
al
ays
ia
is
on
e
of
the
co
untrie
s
that
a
r
e
su
r
rou
nded
by
the
sea
with
t
he
avail
able
pote
ntial
area
for
wav
e
ene
r
gy
ut
il
iz
ation
.
The
sea
Strait
of
Ma
la
cca
su
r
rou
nds
Wes
t
Peninsular
Ma
la
ys
ia
,
wh
il
e
East
Peni
nsula
r
M
al
aysia
s
urr
ounded
by
t
he
South
C
hin
a
S
ea
[
5]
.
Ba
sed
on
the
r
ecorde
d
wa
ve
avail
abili
ty,
th
e
wav
e
powe
r
densi
ty
in
M
al
aysia
is
small
er
[
3
,
6]
c
ompa
red
t
o
oth
e
r
r
egi
on
s
s
uch
as
southe
r
n
Africa
,
A
us
tral
ia
,
an
d
the
north
wester
n
c
oast
of
the
U
ni
te
d
Stat
es
with
the
avail
able
wa
ve
power
t
o
be
around
10
-
40
kW
/m
.
N
one
thele
ss,
the
lo
w
de
ns
it
y
of
wav
e
e
nerg
y
at
the
coastl
ine
of
Ma
la
ys
ia
ca
n
be
us
e
d
t
o
pro
du
c
e
a
pico
-
scal
e
powe
r
generati
on
s
ys
te
m
with
outp
ut
powe
r
belo
w
5kW
[7]
f
or
the
be
ne
fit
of
ou
t
door
act
ivit
ie
s.
Furthe
rm
ore,
the
M
al
a
ysi
a
governme
nt
introd
uced
t
he
Small
Re
new
a
ble
E
ne
rgy
P
ower
(
SREP)
sche
m
e
in
2001
that
suppo
rts
the
dev
el
opment
of
sm
al
l
scal
e
powe
r
gen
e
rati
on fr
om re
ne
wab
le
e
nerg
y
[
2, 8].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
15
–
14
22
1416
Wav
e
e
nerg
y
can
be
ha
r
nes
sed
thr
ough
se
ver
al
sta
ges
be
fore
c
onve
rt
into
el
ect
rical
energ
y.
The
pr
ima
ry
sta
ge
dev
ic
es
cal
le
d
Wa
ve
E
nerg
y
Co
nverter
(WEC
)
[9].
Wave
E
nerg
y
C
onver
si
on
(WEC
)
is
a
sy
ste
m
t
hat
c
an
be
cat
e
gor
iz
ed
ba
sed
on
it
s
operati
ng
theo
r
y
as
O
sci
ll
at
ing
Wat
er
Col
umn
(
OW
C
),
Ov
e
rto
ppin
g
Dev
ic
es
(
OTD),
a
nd
Wa
ve
Acti
vated
B
odie
s
(WAB)
[3,
9,
10]
.
Oscil
la
ti
ng
water
c
olu
m
n
(OWC)
is
the
dev
ic
e
t
hat
uti
li
zes
a
par
ti
al
ly
s
ubmer
ge
d
ho
ll
ow
ai
r
c
ha
mb
e
r.
T
his
de
vice
is
w
orki
ng
as
a
pn
e
um
at
ic
c
onve
rter
t
o
ob
t
ai
n
hi
gh
-
s
pee
d
ai
r
flo
w
th
r
ough
the
ai
r
tur
bin
e,
w
hich
giv
e
s
a
rob
ust
an
d
strai
gh
t
forw
a
r
d
de
sig
n.
Howev
e
r,
t
his
de
vice
ge
ner
at
e
s
noise
poll
ut
ion
a
nd
gi
ve
to
the
high
cost
of
pro
du
ct
io
n
a
nd
mainte
na
nc
e
t
og
et
her
li
feti
m
e
pro
blem.
Overto
pp
i
ng
(OT
D)
de
vice
cal
le
d
the
te
r
mina
tor
is
the
syst
em
that
us
es
a
co
nce
pt
of
t
he
w
at
er
reserv
oir
a
nd
r
el
easi
ng
t
hrough
a
tu
rb
i
ne.
OTD
ha
s
fe
w
movin
g
par
ts
t
hat
can
r
edu
ce
the n
ee
d
for
mainte
na
nc
e
due
to
te
ari
ng
pro
blems
a
nd
le
ads
to
a
sta
ble
s
ys
te
m d
ue
to
the
la
rg
e
siz
e
of
t
he
de
vice.
Ne
xt,
wa
ve
act
i
va
te
d
bodies
(
WA
B
)
w
hich
is
os
ci
ll
at
ing
bodies
.
C
onsist
s
of
the
floaters
that m
ov
e
pa
rall
el
to the
w
ave
’s
mo
t
ion
and
ca
ptur
e
the
e
ne
rgy.
T
he
point
a
bsor
ber
de
vice
is
al
so
one
of
the
dev
ic
es
that
util
iz
e
the
W
AB
pri
nci
pl
e.
It
ha
s
t
he
a
dv
a
ntage
w
hich
giv
e
s
minim
al
ecol
og
ic
al
i
mp
ac
t
and
ve
rsati
li
ty
as
a
fl
oating
dev
ic
e
due
to
small
siz
e.
Ev
en
th
ough
the
siz
e
is
small
,
bu
t
t
his
de
vice
ver
y
com
plex
to
be
instal
le
d
a
nd
com
plica
te
d
m
o
ori
ng
due
t
o
unde
rw
at
er
power
cable
re
quire
d
[9
–
12].
Th
us,
base
d
on
t
he
c
la
ssific
at
ion
of
the
work
i
ng
pri
nciple,
W
AB
is
the
m
os
t
s
uitable
de
vice
pr
i
nciple
du
e
to
th
e
small
siz
e
an
d
simple
desig
n
of
W
AB.
The
dev
ic
e,
acc
ordi
ng
to
this
pr
i
nc
iple,
pr
eci
sel
y,
p
oin
t
abs
orbe
r,
has
the
pote
ntial
to
be
dev
el
op
e
d
as
porta
ble
pic
o
-
scal
e
el
ect
ric
it
y
[13,
14]
.
P
oin
t
a
bs
or
ber
i
s
a
floati
ng
st
r
uctu
re
dev
ic
e
t
hat
ha
s
fixe
d
buoy
in
side
a
c
ylin
der
that
rises
a
nd
fall
s
with
t
he
diff
e
re
nces
in
wav
e
hei
gh
t
[15]
a
nd
has
horizo
nt
al
d
imen
sio
ns
th
a
t
are
sm
al
le
r
th
an
the
wa
vele
ngth of
the
wa
ve
.
T
he
sec
onda
ry
sta
ge
i
nvol
ve
s
the
el
ect
rical
machine,
cal
le
d
P
ower
Ta
ke
-
Off
(P
T
O)
,
wh
ic
h
conve
rts
mec
ha
nical
f
or
ce
f
r
om
wa
ve
ene
r
gy
int
o
el
ect
rical
energy
[16,
17]
.
PT
O
f
or
WEC
c
onsist
s
of
thre
e
main
meth
ods,
wh
ic
h
are
a
tu
rb
i
ne
sy
ste
m
w
it
h
the
ro
ta
r
y ge
ner
at
or,
hydrauli
cs tr
ansf
e
r wit
h
t
he
rotary
g
e
ne
rator, a
nd d
irect
dri
ve
li
nea
r ge
ne
rator [
18].
Rotary
gen
e
rat
or
in
the
stu
dy
of
[18
]
is
su
it
able
f
or
t
he
e
nvir
onment,
ef
fi
ci
ency
,
a
nd
c
ost
-
eff
ect
i
ve
app
li
cat
io
n
of
WEC. T
he maj
or
disa
dv
a
ntag
e o
f
the
ro
ta
ry
gen
e
rato
r
is i
ts
high mai
ntena
nce r
e
quireme
nts an
d
com
plex
str
uct
ur
e
.
Eve
n
th
ou
gh
t
he
r
otar
y
ge
ner
at
or
is
m
ost
ly
us
e
d
f
or
powe
r
ge
ne
rati
on
mainl
y
due
t
o
it
s
mature
te
c
hnol
ogy,
howe
ver,
ad
van
ce
me
nt
in
direct
dr
i
ve
li
near
mac
hin
e
desig
n
is
a
li
near
ge
ne
rator.
Un
ti
l
now
,
t
he
res
earc
h
re
gardin
g
porta
ble
l
inear
ge
ne
rato
r
is
sti
ll
un
der
the
st
udy
[
13,
19
,
20]
.
The
basic
con
ce
pt
of
th
e
li
near
ge
nerat
or
requires
a
translat
or
w
it
h
the
mag
ne
t,
w
hich
react
s
li
ke
a
ro
t
or
[
21].
The
tra
ns
la
to
r
is
at
ta
ched
to
t
he
he
avi
ng
bu
oy
with
t
he
wi
nd
i
ng
sta
tor
,
moun
te
d
in
a
s
tructu
re
that
is
fairly
pr
ese
nted
in
[
14]
.
Wh
e
n
t
he
heav
i
ng
buoy
os
ci
ll
at
es,
the
sta
tor
i
nduces
an
el
ect
ric
c
urr
ent.
Li
near
ge
ner
at
or
exp
ect
e
d
to
be
m
ore
ef
fici
ent
and
r
obus
t
for
sp
eci
fic
wav
e
energ
y
co
nvers
ion
a
ppli
cat
ions
due
to
t
he
a
bse
nce
of
the
tra
ns
mis
sion
s
ys
te
m
for
li
nea
r
move
ment,
simple
s
tructu
re
a
nd
re
qu
i
res
le
ss
mai
ntena
nce
si
nce
it
has
minimal
movi
ng
c
omp
on
e
nts
desp
it
e
bei
ng
a
portable gen
e
rator.
T
hu
s
,
the
li
near
ge
ner
at
or
is
m
or
e pro
misi
ng
du
e
to
it
s
high
ef
fici
ency
a
nd
si
mp
le
desi
gn
t
hat
will
be
adv
a
ntage
ous
f
or
the
dev
el
opment
of
a
pico
-
scal
e
gen
e
rato
r [21
–
24].
Ther
e
f
or
e,
in
t
his
pap
e
r,
the
li
near
ge
ner
at
or
is
pro
posed
via
desig
ning
t
he
d
if
fer
e
nt
s
ha
pes
of
the
permane
nt
ma
gn
et
,
with
t
he
slotl
ess
co
nf
i
gurati
on
in
return
to
ge
ner
at
e
a
pico
-
scal
e
li
near
ge
ne
rato
r
with
100W
out
pu
t
powe
r
util
iz
ing
wa
ve
e
nerg
y.
T
he
bac
k
el
ect
ro
m
otive
force
(
bac
k
-
E
M
F
)
in
flue
nce
s
the
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
the
pe
rma
ne
nt
mag
net
li
ne
ar
ge
ner
at
or
(PML
G)
that
ca
n
be
obse
rv
e
d
by
simulat
io
n.
Ba
ck
-
EMF
is
a
t
yp
i
cal
el
ect
ro
ma
gnet
ic
cal
culat
ion
pr
ocess
t
ha
t
is
know
n
as
the
flu
x
den
s
it
y
wa
veform
in
the
permane
nt
ma
gn
et
an
d
ca
n
be
deter
mine
d
by
the
s
hap
e
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
m
ag
net.
T
her
e
fore,
the
di
ff
ere
nt
sh
a
pe
of
the
m
agn
et
is
one
of
the
ke
y
prob
l
ems
of
the
pe
r
mane
nt
ma
gne
t
desig
n
t
o
det
ermine
the
opt
imum
desig
n
of
varyi
ng
s
hap
e
in
return
t
o
pro
duce
higher
perform
ance.
T
he
outp
ut
f
r
om
the
ge
ner
at
or
is
ta
r
ge
te
d
to
be
us
e
d
for
outd
oo
r
act
i
viti
es
ap
plica
ti
on.
Th
us,
the
des
ign
is
al
so
ai
med
to
be
a
porta
ble
de
sig
n
with
a
weig
htless t
ha
n 20 kg.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
This
re
searc
h
comes
out
wit
h
fi
ve
desig
ns
base
d
on
t
he
s
uitable
li
near
gen
e
rato
r
c
onf
igurat
ion
f
or
ou
t
door
act
ivit
ie
s
ap
plica
ti
on.
T
hus,
the
de
sign
of
pe
rma
nen
t
ma
gn
et
,
mate
rial
use
,
a
nd
to
polo
gy
se
le
ct
ion
need
to
c
on
si
de
r
as
dicta
te
t
he
overall
e
ff
ic
i
ency
of
the
ge
ner
at
or
in
te
rm
s
of
powe
r
l
oss,
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age,
an
d
weig
ht
of
t
he
gen
e
rato
r.
T
he
desig
ns
are
si
mu
la
te
d
us
in
g
the
Finit
e
Ele
ment
A
naly
sis
(F
E
A)
to
obta
in
the
performa
nce
of f
lu
x dist
rib
ution,
flu
x
li
nkag
e, and
bac
k
E
M
F
pe
rforman
ce.
2.1
.
Pr
oposed
design t
opolo
gies
Pr
op
os
e
d
desig
n
will
be
tu
bula
r
str
uctu
re
c
oncept
with
slot
le
ss
sta
tor
due
to
bette
r
exc
og
it
at
ion
a
s
it
offer
s
a
c
onsta
nt
ai
r
ga
p
a
nd
higher
fl
ux
densi
ty.
The
s
lotl
ess
sta
tor
is
re
qu
i
red
f
or
the
pro
posed
desi
gn
because
of
a
li
gh
t
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
can
mi
nimize
co
ggin
g
force. Co
ggin
g
force can
be
pre
ven
t
ed
f
r
om
o
ccu
rri
ng
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
ning
of
a gen
e
ra
t
or
fo
r
wave e
nerg
y
c
on
ve
rsio
n
fo
r
outd
oor
activ
it
ies
(
No
or Sy
azana A
bd
Gha
n
)
1417
it
can
da
mage
the
ma
gn
et
a
nd
e
ns
ure
t
he
pi
ston
mo
ti
on
i
n
sta
ble
an
d
s
m
oo
t
h
[
25]
.
Co
mp
a
red
t
o
the
slott
ed
sta
tor wh
e
re
m
any resea
rc
h
st
at
es that slott
ed
sta
to
rs pro
duce highe
r powe
r
de
ns
it
y,
wh
ic
h
is
good, b
ut s
lott
ed
sta
tor
can
ca
use
coggi
ng.
C
ogging
ge
neral
ly
occurs
at
the
mag
net
bor
der
and
a
ff
ect
s
the
mo
ti
on
of
the
pisto
n
to
bec
om
e
unsmooth
a
nd
unsta
ble
m
otio
n.
In
t
hat
case,
the
ai
r
ga
p
e
ff
ect
ed
.
T
his
instabil
it
y
will
caus
e
fluctuati
on
i
n
the
ou
t
pu
t
[26]
.
Furthe
rm
or
e,
the
desig
n
will
come
up
wit
h
a
com
bin
at
io
n
of
a
xial
an
d
ra
dial
to
form
the
Hal
ba
ch
mag
netiz
at
ion
.
T
he
proce
ss
of
the
Hal
ba
ch
mag
netiz
at
ion
will
be
imp
le
mented
by
m
ov
i
ng
mag
net
with
a
longit
ud
i
nal
flux
path
beca
use
m
ov
i
ng
ma
gnet
has
a
small
w
orkin
g
ma
gnet
ic
ai
r
ga
p
[14]
that
yields
t
o
the
hi
gh
e
r
forces
via
a
hi
gh
e
r
ma
gn
et
ic
fiel
d.
It
al
so
has
higher
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
as
re
qu
i
rin
g
le
ss
a
moun
t
of
pe
rma
ne
nt
mag
net
c
ompa
re
t
o
movin
g
coil,
wh
ic
h
ne
eds
m
or
e
coil
for
t
he
same
outp
ut
[27]
.
Th
us
,
the
pro
po
se
d
de
sign
will
co
me
ou
t
wit
h
t
he
f
eat
ur
es
of
the
tu
bula
r
lo
ng
i
t
ud
i
nal
sl
otless
sta
to
r,
an
d
H
al
bac
h
mag
netiz
at
ion
.
2.2 The
pr
opo
sed desi
gn
wit
h d
im
ensi
on
s
Five
desi
gns
w
ere
pro
pose
d.
T
he
ma
nipulat
ing
as
pect
of
th
ese
desig
ns
ca
n
be
a
nalyze
d
in
the
s
hape
of
a
per
ma
ne
nt
mag
net
,
w
hic
h
is
dif
fer
e
nt
i
n
the
s
hap
e
of
the
pe
rma
ne
nt
mag
net
.
T
he
di
mensi
on
s
ha
ve
bee
n
ta
bu
la
te
d
in
T
able
1.
The
de
sign
s
are
c
ompare
d
with
co
nv
e
ntio
nal
rectangula
r
desig
ns,
as
in
Fig
ure
1
a
nd
trapez
oid
desi
gns, Fi
gure
2.
Fig
ure
1
.
Rect
ang
le
desi
gn
Figure
2
.
Tra
pe
zoid desi
gn
Figure
3
.
LT s
hap
e
d
e
sig
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
15
–
14
22
1418
Figure
4
.
T
-
s
ha
pe desig
n.
Figure
5
.
LT s
epar
at
e
d desig
n.
Table
1
. Desi
gn
par
a
mete
r de
ta
il
s
Descripti
o
n
Valu
e (
m
m
)
Ls
Leng
th
of stato
r
90
h
ys
Heig
h
t of m
ild
ste
el
5
h
sys
Heig
h
t of wind
in
g
coil
10
g
Air
g
ap
1
Rm
Ou
ter
radiu
s o
f
m
a
g
n
et
25
Re
Ou
ter
radiu
s o
f
th
e stato
r
co
re
41
hm
Rad
ial thick
n
ess
of m
ag
n
ets
10
h
ym
Rad
ial thick
n
ess
of su
p
p
o
rting
tu
b
e
5
Tmr
Ax
ial leng
th
of the ra
d
ical
m
ag
n
etize
d
m
ag
n
et at
th
e
ce
n
ter
50
Tmz
Ax
ial leng
th
of axially
m
ag
n
etized
m
ag
n
ets
10
Tp
Po
le pitch
70
Lr
Leng
th
of tr
an
slato
r
150
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
turn
s
1
0
0
0
turn
s
Res
istiv
ity
of cop
p
er
1
.
7
10
−
5
Steel
m
ateri
al
Ir
o
n
Magn
et m
a
terial
Nd
Feb
The
recta
ng
le
desig
n
s
hap
e
of
t
he
P
M
LG
is
the
co
nv
e
nt
ion
al
desi
gn
t
hat
easy
t
o
co
ns
tr
uct
an
d
simple
desi
gn,
as
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1.
Ac
cordin
g
to
the
[28]
,
t
he
ma
gnet
ic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
will
be
hi
gh
e
r
du
e
to
the
co
ns
ta
nt
su
r
face
area
a
nd
volume
faci
ng
t
h
e
ar
matu
r
e.
The
tra
pez
oi
d
de
sig
n,
as
in
Figure
2,
is
pa
rt
of
the
c
onve
ntional
desi
gn
by
[
29]
that
has
c
ompa
red
wit
h
t
hree
pro
po
se
d
de
sign
s
.
T
he
ra
dial
ma
gn
et
ar
r
ay
has
a
la
r
ge
surface
area
a
nd
volu
me,
w
hich
pro
du
ce
more
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
wh
il
e
the
a
xial
a
rray
of
ma
gn
et
has
a
small
er
s
urfac
e.
Th
us,
the
lo
wer
mag
netic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
w
il
l
occu
r
.
T
he
first
pr
opos
e
d
desig
n
is
L
T
s
hap
e
desig
n
a
s
i
n
F
igure
3.
T
he
a
xial
an
d
ra
dial
ar
ray
ma
gnet
of
T
mz
is
c
ombine
d
in
ret
urn
t
o
be
act
ive
i
n
mag
netiz
at
ion
.
The
s
urface
a
re
a
of
the
ma
gn
et
at
the
ce
nter,
Tm
r
,
is
t
he
more
si
gn
i
f
ic
ant
dime
ns
i
on
t
hat
directl
y
facin
g
the
ar
matu
re
st
at
or
a
nd
e
xp
e
c
te
d
to
pro
d
u
c
e
high
flu
x
densi
ty
an
d
in
du
ce
a
vol
ta
ge
.
Ne
xt
,
the
T
-
s
hap
e
desig
n
in
Fig
ur
e
3
il
lustrate
d
that
th
e
thick
ness
of
the
bac
k
i
ron
t
hi
cker
tha
n
t
he
oth
e
r
desig
n
but
sti
ll
has
the
same
di
mension
of
al
l
desig
n.
The
a
xial
an
d
ra
dial
arr
a
y
of
mag
ne
ti
zat
ion
is
ex
pose
d
to
th
e
ar
mature
,
wh
ic
h
is
ex
pe
ct
ed
to
pr
oduc
e
high
in
du
ce
d
volt
age.
The
third
desig
n,
the
LT
se
par
at
ed
ma
gn
et
des
ign
,
is
pro
po
se
d,
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
5.
A
nalyze
that;
the
axial
mag
net
a
rr
a
y
do
e
s
no
t
ex
po
se
to
the
ai
r
ga
p
a
n
d
armatu
re,
w
hich
le
d
to
a
lo
w
er
ma
gnet
ic
flux.
Howe
ver
,
the
s
urface
a
re
a
of
the
ra
dial
arr
a
y
is
high,
wh
ic
h
exp
ect
e
d
to
produce
more
fl
ux
t
o
the
a
rma
ture,
a
nd
m
or
e
vo
lt
a
ge
is
in
duced
.
F
ur
t
hermo
re,
al
l
desi
gns
of
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
ning
of
a gen
e
ra
t
or
fo
r
wave e
nerg
y
c
on
ve
rsio
n
fo
r
outd
oor
activ
it
ies
(
No
or Sy
azana A
bd
Gha
n
)
1419
permane
nt ma
gn
et
ar
e emp
l
oyed wit
h diff
e
r
ent sh
a
pes of
t
he
pe
rma
ne
nt magnet that
wou
l
d
pro
duce the b
et
te
r
of ele
ct
romag
ne
ti
c char
act
eris
ti
cs in su
c
h flu
x densi
ty.
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
3.1.
Ope
n
ci
r
cuit f
lux
distri
but
io
n
The
simulat
io
n
of
the
op
e
n
ci
rc
uit
flu
x
distri
bu
ti
on
was
c
onduct
e
d
t
o
a
nalyze
the
desi
gn
excogit
at
ion
pe
rformance
in
su
c
h
as
flu
x
li
nkage
,
in
du
ce
d
back
E
MF,
an
d
c
oggi
ng
forc
e.
T
he
distrib
ution
of
flu
x
li
nes
at
no
-
loa
d op
e
rati
on
is sho
wn for
a
ll
d
esi
gns in
Fi
gure
6 u
ntil
Figure
10.
Figure
6
.
Flu
x l
ine of LT
shap
e d
esi
gn
Figure
7
.
Flu
x l
ine of r
ect
a
ngle
d
esi
g
n
Figure
8. Flu
x l
ine of T
-
s
hape desi
gn
Figure
9. Flu
x l
ine of LT
se
pa
rated
mag
net
de
sign
Figure
10
. Fl
ux Li
ne of Tra
pe
zoid Desi
g
The
flu
x
li
ne
of
P
M
L
G
is
sim
ulate
d
under
2D
m
odel
s.
O
bse
rv
e
t
hat
in
Fi
gure
6
un
ti
l
Fig
ur
e
10,
t
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
of
Hal
bach
e
qual
ly
distrib
ut
ed
i
n
th
e
s
pac
e
of
PMLG
.
T
he
flu
x
li
ne
f
or
LT
s
hap
e
de
sign
sp
rea
d
e
ven
l
y,
bu
t
at
the
s
ha
pe
of
ma
gnet
T,
the
flu
x
li
ne
ha
s
a
sh
ar
p
c
urv
e,
w
hich
inc
re
ases
the
rel
uctance
of
t
he
c
or
e
, so
le
ss f
lu
x flo
w,
simi
la
r
to
oth
e
r
d
esi
gn
s
which
T
-
s
ha
pe
de
sig
n.
H
ow
e
ver, th
e sm
oo
t
h
c
urve
that
occurs
will
de
crease
t
he
rel
uctance
of
ma
gn
et
ic
flu
x,
a
nd
m
ore
fl
ux
di
stribu
ti
on
can
le
ad
to
m
or
e
fl
ux
li
nk
age
t
o
i
n
s
uch o
f
Re
ct
an
gl
e,
LT
se
par
at
e
d
mag
net
an
d
trapez
oid. Thus
,
the
f
lu
x
li
nka
ge
c
ontrib
utes
to
the
higher
in
du
ce
d v
oltage
of the
pro
po
se
d desi
gn.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
15
–
14
22
1420
3.2.
Air
gap
fl
ux density
.
”
Figure
11
sho
ws
how
th
e
a
ir
ga
p
distrib
ut
ion
c
ompares
the
fl
ux
de
nsi
ty.
The
de
ns
i
ty
of
fl
ux
increases
at
a
di
sta
nce
of
50
mm,
a
nd
ar
ound
10
0
m
m,
wh
i
ch
is
at
the
ce
nt
er
of
the
sta
to
r
du
e
to
fl
ux
flo
w
to
the
adjace
nt
m
agn
et
.
I
n
c
on
tr
ast
,
the
higher
peak
val
ue
of
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
is
by
LT
se
par
at
ed
ma
gnet
,
wit
h
a
n
aver
a
ge
of
42
0.40mT
fo
ll
owed
by
Re
ct
a
ng
le
,
Tra
pez
oid
,
T
-
s
hap
e
,
a
nd
LT
sh
a
pe.
T
hu
s
,
the
sim
ulati
on
’s
mean
ai
r gap
f
l
ux d
e
ns
it
y i
s r
e
corde
d
in
Tab
l
e 2
.
Figure.
1
1
.
Air
g
a
p flu
x den
si
ty
3.
3
.
Flux
li
nk
ag
e
and
ba
c
k
-
EMF
Figu
re
12
s
ho
ws
the
desig
n’s
flu
x
li
nk
a
ge,
wh
il
e
Fig
ure
13
sho
ws
the
ba
ck
-
i
nduce
d
E
M
F
ob
ta
ine
d
from
t
he
dyna
mic
sta
te
.
The
translat
io
n
m
ov
e
s
with
a
ve
locit
y
of
1m
/s
al
ong
the
Z
-
a
xi
s.
Re
su
lt
s
f
r
om
the
two
-
str
ok
e
tra
ns
la
ti
on
ob
ta
in
ed
i
n
si
mu
la
ti
on.
T
he
sim
ulati
o
n
data
fro
m
in
duced
vo
l
ta
ge
a
nd
flu
x
l
ink
a
ge
repor
te
d
in
Ta
ble 2.
Figure
1
2
.
Flu
x
li
nkage
Figure
1
3
.
Ind
uced bac
k EM
F.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
ning
of
a gen
e
ra
t
or
fo
r
wave e
nerg
y
c
on
ve
rsio
n
fo
r
outd
oor
activ
it
ies
(
No
or Sy
azana A
bd
Gha
n
)
1421
Table
2.
A
ver
a
ge of
in
du
ce
d back
E
M
F a
nd
flu
x
li
nkage
.
Desig
n
Air
G
ap
Flux
Dens
ity
(m
Tesl
a)
Flu
x
L
in
k
ag
e (
W
b
)
Ind
u
ced
Back
E
M
F (
V
)
LT
Shap
e
2
7
3
.12
2
.23
1
2
6
.95
Rectan
g
le
4
0
5
.55
2
.63
1
3
8
.6
T
-
sh
ap
e
3
4
4
.95
2
.73
1
2
1
.28
LT
S
ep
arate
d
Mag
n
et
4
2
0
.40
2
.74
1
4
5
.62
Tr
ap
ezoi
d
3
9
8
.86
2
.61
1
3
7
.59
Table
2
sho
w
s
the
av
era
ge
ai
r
ga
p
fl
ux
de
ns
it
y,
flu
x
li
nk
a
ge,
an
d
in
du
ce
d
bac
k
E
M
F
for
al
l
pro
po
se
d
desig
ns
.
C
ompari
ng
with
al
l
desig
ns
,
L
T
sepa
rat
ed
ma
gn
et
desi
gn
obta
ined
t
he
higher
flu
x
li
nk
a
ge
and
in
du
ce
d
volt
age.
N
on
et
he
le
ss,
the
valu
e
of
fl
ux
li
nk
a
ge
of
t
he
desi
gn
s
is
sli
ghtl
y
dif
fer
e
nt,
wh
i
ch
is
arou
nd
0.1
t
o
0.5
W
b
only
.
The
fl
ux
li
nka
ge
i
n
Fig
ur
e
12,
the
value
is
pro
portion
al
to
obta
ine
d
f
or
i
nduce
d
vo
lt
age
value
,
as
in
Fig.
13,
t
he
induce
d
volt
age
of
al
l
desi
gns
has
excee
de
d
the
rate
d
desi
gn
volt
a
ge
,
whic
h
is
100 V
w
hen op
en
ci
rc
uit as
w
el
l as to
get the
p
ic
o
-
scal
e
ge
ne
rator o
utput
powe
r.
3.
4
.
Wei
ght
of the pr
oposed
design
M
ore
ov
e
r,
the
total
w
ei
ght
has
meas
ur
e
d
base
d
on
the
volume
of
the
s
pecific
mate
ria
l
by
desig
n
pro
po
se
d.
T
he
vo
l
um
e
of
pro
po
s
ed
de
sig
ns
gaine
d
from
th
e
simulat
io
n
of
desi
gn
s
by
FE
A.
The
par
ame
te
r
o
f
the
de
sig
ns
in
f
luences
the
me
asur
e
d
weig
ht
and
the
de
ns
it
y
of
t
he
mate
rial
us
e
d.
All
de
sign
s
pro
vi
de
al
mo
st
the
same
weig
ht
base
d
on
th
e
init
ia
l
dimensi
on
of
the
des
ign
.
All
de
sig
n
s
ha
ve
the
s
am
e
volume
of
c
oppe
r
wh
ic
h
is
319
3
,
same
volume
of
ir
on,
33
6
3
a
nd
sa
me
volu
me
of
ma
gn
et
that
is
377
3
.Th
e
refor
e
,
t
he
total
weigh
t
of
al
l
design
of
t
he
pro
pose
d
P
M
L
G
is
8.3
3kg
as
well
as
m
eet
the
require
ment
to
be
a
porta
ble
desig
n w
it
h we
igh
t
le
ss t
han 20kg
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
wa
ve
e
ne
rgy
a
vaila
ble
in
M
al
aysia
was
i
den
ti
fie
d.
T
he
po
te
ntial
of
lo
w
wa
ve
de
ns
it
y
in
M
al
aysia
ca
n
be
util
iz
ed
in
th
e
portable
pic
o
-
scal
e
ge
ner
at
or
t
o
pow
er
-
up
small
po
wer
a
pp
li
ance
s
f
or
outd
oor
act
ivit
ie
s.
This
resea
rch
ha
s
pro
po
se
d
five
desig
ns
,
na
m
el
y
Re
ct
an
gle,
L
T
Se
par
at
e
d
m
agn
et
,
LT
S
ha
pe,
T
Sh
a
pe,
a
nd
T
r
apezo
i
d,
w
hich
dif
fer
in
s
ha
pe
of
per
ma
ne
nt
li
near
ma
gne
t
and
ha
ve
bee
n
c
ompare
d
wi
th
the
conve
ntion
al
desig
n.
Th
e
LT
se
par
at
e
d
desi
gn
ha
s
pro
du
ce
d
a
be
tt
er
pe
rforma
nce
in
te
rm
s
of
the
el
ect
ro
ma
g
neti
c
cha
racteri
sti
cs
base
d
on
t
he
FE
A
c
ompa
red
to
t
he
othe
r
desig
n.
It
c
an
c
oncl
ude
t
hat
the
diff
e
re
nt
s
hap
e
s
of
pe
rma
ne
nt
mag
net
co
ntr
ibu
te
t
o
t
he
pe
rformance
of
the
li
nea
r
ge
ne
rator
for
WEC
.
T
he
par
a
mete
rs
a
nd
dimensi
ons
of
the
pro
posed
desig
ns
hav
e
s
ho
ws
t
hat
the
desig
ns
ca
n
be
a
portable
des
ign
for
ou
t
door
act
ivit
ie
s.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
the
de
sig
n
ne
e
ds
to
be
opti
m
iz
ed
f
or
f
ur
t
he
r
an
d
detai
ls
a
nalysis
i
n
ret
urn
t
o
hav
e
the
best
pe
rformance
for WEC a
ppli
cat
ion
f
or
outd
oor
acti
viti
es.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
utho
r
s
a
ckno
wled
ge
t
he
sup
port
fro
m
Un
i
ver
sit
i
Tek
no
l
og
i
PE
TRON
AS
f
or
the
a
ward
by
gr
a
duat
e assist
ants a
nd r
esea
r
ch faci
li
ti
es.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
Faizal
and
Y.
H.
T
an,
"
Poten
ti
al
of
wave
po
wer
as
source
of
el
e
ct
r
ic
i
ty
in
M
al
aysi
a,
"
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
Adv
anc
ed
S
ci
en
t
if
ic Research
an
d
Manage
ment
,
vol.
3
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
50
–
59,
2018
.
[2]
B.
K.
Sova
cool
and
I.
M.
Drupa
dy,
"
Examini
ng
the
sma
ll
ren
ew
abl
e
ene
rgy
power
(SREP
)
progr
am
in
Mal
aysia
,
"
Ene
rgy
Pol
i
cy
,
v
ol.
39
,
no
.
11
,
pp
.
7244
–
7256
,
20
11.
[3]
N.
A.
M.
Z
am
r
i,
T.
Ibra
h
im,
an
d
N.
M.
Nor,
"
Optim
i
za
t
ion
of
l
in
ea
r
g
ene
r
at
or
de
signs
for
wave
e
ner
gy
conv
erter
(W
EC)
sys
te
m
i
n
Mal
aysia,
"
in
2016
6th
In
te
rn
ati
onal
Conf
ere
nce
on
Int
el
l
igent
and
Adv
an
ced
Syst
ems
(ICI
A
S)
,
pp.
1
–
6
,
2016
.
[4]
C.
W
ang
and
Z
.
Zha
ng
,
"
Key
t
e
chnol
ogi
es
of
w
ave
ene
rgy
pow
er
gen
era
t
ion
sy
stem
,
"
in
2017
I
EE
E
I
nte
rnat
ion
al
Confe
renc
e
on
Me
chat
roni
cs
an
d
Aut
omat
ion
(I
CMA)
,
pp
.
61
–
65
,
2017
.
[5]
S.
C.
Loon
and
J.
Koto
,
"
Wa
v
e
en
erg
y
for
elec
tr
ic
i
ty
g
ene
r
ation
in
Mal
aysia
—
Mera
ng
shore
,
T
ere
ngg
anu,
"
Inte
rnational
Jo
ur
nal
of Ene
rgy
and
Environm
ent
,
vo
l.
4
,
no.
1,
p
p.
8
–
18
,
2016
.
[6]
A.
Mirzaei
,
F.
Ta
ngang
,
and
L
.
Juneng,
"
Wa
v
e
en
erg
y
pot
ent
i
al
al
ong
the
ea
s
t
co
ast
of
Pen
in
sular
Mal
aysia
,"
Ene
rgy
,
vol
.
68
,
pp.
722
–
734
,
20
14.
[7]
A.
A.
Nimje
an
d
G.
Dh
anj
ode
,
"
Pico
-
hydro
-
pl
ant
fo
r
sm
al
l
sc
al
e
power
gen
er
at
ion
in
re
mot
e
village
s
,
"
IOS
R
Journal
of
Env
ironmenta
l
Scienc
e,
Toxic
o
logy
and
Food
Tech
nology
(IOSR
-
JE
STFT
)
,
vo
l.
9,
no.
1
,
pp
.
59
–
67
,
2015.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
15
–
14
22
1422
[8]
H.
Polinde
r
and
M.
Scuott
o
,
"
W
ave
en
erg
y
conv
ert
ers
and
th
ei
r
i
mpa
c
t
on
power
sys
te
ms,
"
in
20
05
Inte
rnationa
l
Confe
renc
e
on
F
uture
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms
,
2005
.
[9]
B.
Dr
ew,
A.
R.
Plumm
er
,
and
M.
N.
Sah
inka
y
a,
A
re
vi
ew
o
f
w
ave
en
ergy
con
v
erte
r
technology
,
Sag
e
Publi
ca
t
i
ons
Sage
UK
:
L
ondo
n,
Eng
la
nd
,
200
9.
[10]
R.
Ekström
,
B
.
Eke
rga
rd
,
and
M.
L
ei
jon
,
"
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
dam
p
ing
o
f
li
n
ea
r
gen
erato
rs
for
wav
e
ene
r
gy
conv
ert
ers
—
A
rev
ie
w,
"
Re
n
ewa
ble
and
Sustaina
ble
Ene
rgy
Revi
ews
,
vol
.
42
,
pp
.
116
–
128,
2015
.
[11]
S.
S.
Praka
sh
et
al
.
,
"
Wa
v
e
ene
rgy
conv
ert
er
:
A
rev
i
e
w
of
wave
en
erg
y
conve
rsio
n
te
chno
logy,
"
in
2016
3rd
Asi
a
-
Pac
i
fi
c
Worl
d
Congress
on
Computer
S
ci
en
ce
and
E
ngine
ering
(APWC
on
CSE)
,
pp.
71
–
77
,
2016
.
[12]
O.
Farrok
and
Md.
M.
Ali
,
"
A
new
technique
to
i
mprove
th
e
l
ine
ar
gen
erator
designe
d
for
o
ceani
c
wav
e
ene
rg
y
conve
rsion,
"
in
8th
Inter
nati
onal
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Elec
tri
cal
and
Com
pute
r
Eng
ineering
,
pp.
714
–
717
,
20
14
.
[13]
Aami
r
Hus
sain
Memon,
T
.
bin
I
bra
him,
and
N.
Peruma
l
,
"
Porta
ble
and
p
ic
o
-
sc
a
le
li
n
ea
r
g
ene
r
ator
for
wave
en
er
gy
conve
rsion,
"
in
2014
5th
In
te
rn
a
ti
onal
Con
fe
ren
c
e
on
In
telli
g
ent
a
nd
Adv
an
ce
d
Sys
te
ms
(ICIA
S)
,
pp
.
1
–
4
,
2014
.
[14]
N.
Shahabudi
n
,
I
.
T
ai
b
,
and
N.
A.
M.
Z
am
r
i,
"
Portabl
e
pic
o
l
ine
ar
gene
ra
tor
d
esign
with
d
iffe
r
ent
m
agne
t
shape
s for
wave
ene
rgy
co
nver
sion
sys
tem
,
"
Int
ernati
onal
J
ournal
of
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
ms
(
IJP
EDS)
,
vo
l.
8
,
no.
1
,
p
p
.
360
-
3
66
,
2017
.
[15]
G.
Ba
celli,
J.
V.
Ringwood,
and
J.
-
C.
Gi
ll
ot
ea
ux
,
"
A
cont
rol
sys
t
em
for
a
self
-
r
eact
ing
poin
t
absor
ber
wav
e
en
erg
y
conve
rt
er
su
bje
c
t
to
constra
in
ts,
"
IFA
C
P
roce
edi
ngs
Vol
umes
,
vol
.
44,
no
.
1,
pp.
11387
–
1139
2,
2011
.
[16]
E.
Te
d
esc
hi
a
nd
M.
Molin
a
s,
"
Impact
of
cont
ro
l
stra
tegies
on
the
r
at
ing
of
e
lectr
ic
power
t
ake
off
for
wav
e
ene
rgy
conv
e
rsion,
"
in
201
0
IEEE
In
te
rn
ati
onal
S
ymposium
on
Indust
rial
Elec
tronic
s
,
pp.
2406
–
2411
,
2010
.
[17]
O.
Farrok,
Md.
R.
Isla
m,
Md.
R
.
Islam
Sheikh
,
Y
.
Guo,
J.
Zhu,
an
d
G.
Le
i
,
"
Oc
eanic
wav
e
ene
rgy
conve
rsion
by
a
novel
p
ermane
nt
ma
gn
et
li
n
ea
r
g
ene
ra
tor
ca
p
abl
e
of
pr
eve
n
ti
ng
d
em
agn
et
i
za
t
ion
,
"
IEEE
Tr
ansactions
on
Industry
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
54
,
no
.
6
,
pp
.
6
005
–
6014
,
2018
.
[18]
İ.
Ö.
Erse
lcan
an
d
A.
Kukner,
"
A
rev
ie
w
of
powe
r
t
ake
-
off
sys
tems
em
p
loye
d
in
wave
ene
rgy
co
nver
te
rs
,"
Journ
al
of
Nava
l
Sc
ie
n
ce and
Eng
ineerin
g
,
vol
.
10
,
no
.
1
,
pp.
32
–
44
,
2014
.
[19]
H.
Chen
,
Y.
Zh
an,
H
.
Wa
ng
,
a
nd
R.
Nie,
"
A
Tubul
ar
per
m
an
ent
ma
gne
t
li
ne
ar
gen
erator
wi
t
h
novel
struc
tur
e
,
"
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Pl
asm
a
S
c
ie
nc
e
,
vol. 47, n
o.
6
,
pp
.
2995
–
3
001,
2019
.
[20]
J.
Fai
z
and
M.
E
bra
him
i
-
Sala
r
i,
"
Design
and
sim
ula
ti
on
of
a
250
kW
l
inear
p
ermane
nt
m
agne
t
ge
ner
at
or
for
wave
ene
rgy
to
el
e
ct
r
ic
en
erg
y
conv
e
rsion
in
ca
spi
an
sea
,
"
in
2009
Inte
rnational
C
onfe
renc
e
on
S
ustainabl
e
Pow
er
Gene
ration
and
Supply
,
pp.
1
–
6
,
2009
.
[21]
H.
Polinde
r
,
M.
A.
Mueller,
M.
Scuott
o,
and
M
.
Goden
de
Sous
a
Prado,
"
Li
n
ea
r
g
ene
ra
tor
sys
te
ms
for
wave
en
erg
y
conve
rsion,
"
in
Pr
oce
ed
ings o
f
t
he
7th
European
Wav
e
and
Tida
l
Ene
rgy
Conf
ere
nce
,
Porto
,
S
ept
.
,
2007
.
[22]
T.
Shimono
,
S.
Ta
kano
,
and
H.
As
ai
,
"
Deve
lop
me
nt
of
DC
li
n
ea
r
per
ma
n
ent
ma
gne
t
machine
base
d
on
mul
t
i
-
la
yer
ed
cor
e
-
l
ess
struc
ture,
"
in
2019
10th
In
te
r
nati
onal
Con
fe
r
enc
e
on
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
ECCE
Asia
(IC
PE
2019
-
ECCE
Asi
a)
,
pp
.
1976
–
19
81
,
2019
.
[23]
J.
Zh
ang,
H.
Yu,
and
Z
.
Shi
,
"
Design
and
exp
erime
nt
an
al
ysis
of
a
dir
ec
t
-
d
rive
w
ave
ene
rgy
conv
ert
er
with
a
li
ne
a
r
gene
ra
tor
,
"
Ene
r
gie
s
,
vo
l. 11, no. 4, p
p
.
735,
2018
.
[24]
K.
R.
R
ao,
T.
Sundera
n,
and
M
.
R.
Adiris,
"
Perform
ance
and
desi
gn
opti
m
iz
a
ti
on
of
two
model
b
a
sed
wave
ene
rgy
per
ma
n
ent
ma
gn
et
li
ne
ar
g
ene
r
ators
,
"
Re
n
ewabl
e
ene
rgy
,
vol
.
101
,
pp.
196
–
203,
20
17.
[25]
M.
F.
Rom
lie
and
R
.
Kann
an,
"
Compa
r
ison
of
tubu
la
r
a
nd
pl
ana
r
d
esi
gn
of
a
micro
l
ine
a
r
gene
r
ator
for
vibr
at
ion
ene
rgy
har
v
est
ing,
"
in
2015
IE
EE
Confer
enc
e
on
Ener
gy
Conv
ersion
(CENCON)
,
pp.
233
–
237
,
20
15
.
[26]
L.
Huang,
F.
Y
ue,
M.
Chen
,
an
d
M.
Hu,
"
Rese
arc
h
on
a
field
-
modul
ated
li
n
ear
per
ma
nen
t
-
m
a
gnet
gene
r
at
or
f
or
wa
ve
en
erg
y
con
ver
sion,
"
in
201
7
20th
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Confe
ren
ce
on
El
e
ct
rica
l
Ma
chi
nes
and
S
ystem
s (ICE
MS)
,
pp.
1
–
4
,
2017
.
[27]
M.
Sea
l
and
M.
Sengupta
,
"
Desi
gn,
ana
lysis
and
fab
r
ic
a
ti
on
of
a
li
n
ea
r
per
ma
n
e
nt
m
agne
t
synch
ronous
machine,
"
Sādhanā
,
vol
.
42
,
no
.
8
,
p
p
.
1419
–
1429,
2017
.
[28]
M.
A.
F.
M.
Ha
mi
m,
T.
Ibr
ahi
m
,
and
N.
M.
Nor
,
"
Mode
li
ng
of
a
tubul
ar
p
erma
nent
ma
gn
et
l
in
ea
r
gen
era
to
r
fo
r
wave
en
erg
y
co
nver
sion
using
f
ini
te
elem
ent
m
et
hod,
"
in
2014
5th
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Confe
ren
ce
o
n
Inte
l
li
gen
t
an
d
Adv
anc
ed
S
ystem
s (IC
IAS)
,
Kua
la
Lum
pur
,
Mal
a
ysia,
pp
.
1
–
5
,
20
14
.
[29]
A.
H.
Memon,
T
.
bin
Ibr
ahi
m
,
an
d
P.
Nallagownden,
"
Model
ing
a
nd
ana
lysis
of
linear
pe
rma
n
ent
ma
gne
t
generat
o
r
for
wave
en
erg
y
conve
rsion
usin
g
fini
te
eleme
n
t
me
thod
,
"
in
App
li
ed
M
ec
hani
cs
and
Mate
rials
,
v
ol.
785,
pp
.
258
–
262
,
2015
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.