Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
202
1
, pp.
1
699
~
170
7
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
2
.i
3
.
pp
1
699
-
170
7
1699
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
New
bid
i
rectional
step
-
up DC
-
DC
convert
er
derive
d from buck
-
boost DC
-
DC c
onve
rter
Ridh
a D. N.
Adi
ta
m
a
,
N
aq
i
t
a Ra
m
adha
ni,
J
ih
ad
Furq
ani
, A
r
windr
a R
iz
qiawan
,
Pek
ik Ar
go Dah
ono
School
of El
ec
tr
i
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
r
ing and
Inform
at
i
cs,
Instit
ut Te
kno
lo
gi
Bandung
,
Ind
onesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
M
a
y 13,
2021
Re
vised Jul
1,
2021
Accepte
d
J
ul
13, 2
021
Thi
s
pape
r
prop
oses
a
new
bid
i
rec
t
iona
l
step
-
up
DC
-
DC
conve
r
te
r,
namely
modi
fie
d
buck
-
b
oost
DC
-
DC
conve
rte
r
.
Th
e
prop
osed
DC
-
DC
conve
rte
r
was
der
ive
d
fro
m
the
conv
ent
ion
al
bu
ck
-
boost
DC
-
D
C
conv
erter.
Out
put
vo
lt
ag
e
expr
ession
of
th
e
proposed
conv
ert
er
was
de
rived
by
conside
ring
the
voltage
drops
ac
ross
ind
uct
ors
and
sw
it
c
hing
dev
ic
es
.
T
he
resul
ts
hav
e
show
n
that
with
the
same
p
ara
m
et
er
of
inpu
t
LC
f
il
t
er,
prop
osed
DC
-
DC
conve
rte
r
has
lower
conductio
n
losses.
More
over
,
th
e
propo
sed
DC
-
DC
co
nver
te
r
h
as
lower
ra
te
d
vo
ltage
of
filter
ca
p
ac
i
tor
th
an
th
e
conve
nt
iona
l
bo
ost
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
er
which
le
ad
to
cost
eff
i
ci
en
cy.
Fin
al
ly
,
a
sca
l
ed
-
down
p
rotot
ype
of
la
bora
tory expe
r
im
ent was
used
t
o
ver
ify
i
ts t
heor
et
i
ca
l
an
al
ysis.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Buck
-
bo
os
t c
onve
rter
DC
-
DC con
vert
er
M
ic
r
ogrid
M
odifie
d bu
c
k
-
bo
os
t
Step
-
up
c
onvert
er
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ri
dh
a
A
ditama
School
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
a
nd
Inform
at
ic
s
In
sti
tut Te
knol
og
i
Ba
ndun
g
Gan
e
sh
a
10, L
b.
Sil
iwan
gi,
C
ob
l
ong, Ba
nd
ung, Ja
wa
Ba
rat 4013
2,
I
ndone
sia
Emai
l:
rid
ha.
a
ditama
@
gm
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ind
on
esi
a
is
a
n
arc
hip
el
a
gic
countr
y
that
ha
s
an
el
ect
rific
at
ion
rati
o
of
more
tha
n
99
%.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
because
I
ndon
esi
a
consi
sts
of
m
or
e
t
han
17
,000
isl
a
nds,
r
emote
area
s
in
East
ern
I
ndon
esi
a
sti
ll
do
no
t
hav
e
acce
ss
to
el
ect
r
ic
it
y.
T
he
gove
rnment
has
la
unche
d
va
rio
us
pro
gr
am
s
t
o
i
mpro
ve
el
ect
rici
ty
acce
ss
,
es
pecial
ly
in
rem
ote
are
as
or
isl
a
nd
s
.
Be
cause
of
i
ts
isolat
ed
loc
a
ti
on
,
the
mic
rogr
i
d
s
ys
te
m
is
su
it
able
f
or
t
his
app
li
cat
io
n.
E
nerg
y
s
ources
can
be
obta
ine
d
from
local
e
nerg
y
pote
ntial
s
s
uch
as
s
olar
,
wind,
micr
o
-
hydro
,
and
biomass.
As
m
os
t
of
the
ou
t
pu
t
pote
ntial
local
ener
gy
is
in
the
form
of
DC
el
ect
rici
ty,
DC
micr
og
ri
d
is
desira
ble in t
hi
s appli
cat
ion
.
M
ore
ov
e
r, DC
sy
ste
m
has
no sync
hro
nizat
io
n pro
blem a
nd
easy l
oad sh
a
ri
ng.
Figure
1
s
how
s
a
DC
micr
ogrid
s
ys
te
m
with
power
s
ourc
e
from
ph
otov
oltai
c
(PV)
modu
le
.
T
he
DC
bu
s volt
age o
f
400
Vd
c w
as
s
el
ect
ed
so
that i
t
can
be
co
nve
rted
easi
ly
int
o
220
Vac
by u
s
ing
a
n
in
ver
te
r
.
DC
-
DC
co
nverter
s
are
use
d
t
o
c
onnect
PV
mod
ules,
batte
ries,
and
DC
l
oad
s
to
the
DC
bus
.
To
ac
hie
ve
the
DC
bu
s
volt
age
f
r
om
t
he
P
V
volt
age,
t
he
D
C
-
DC
c
onve
rter
m
us
t
hav
e
a
boos
t
cha
ra
ct
erist
ic
.
The
DC
-
D
C
conve
rter
f
or
batte
ry
e
nerg
y
stora
ge
m
us
t
be
a
bi
directi
on
al
DC
-
DC
conver
te
r
to
al
low
cha
r
ging
an
d
discha
rg
i
ng.
I
n
or
der
to
e
nsur
e
lo
ng
-
te
r
m
op
erati
on
of
the
sy
ste
m,
very
low
in
put
c
urre
nt
rip
ple
is
de
sired.
M
ore
ov
e
r, i
t i
s d
esi
ra
ble th
at
the
c
onve
rter i
s
low
c
os
t a
nd
hig
h ef
fici
enc
y
[
1
]
-
[
3].
Re
fer
e
nces
[4
]
-
[
1
6
]
hav
e
pro
po
s
ed
va
rio
us
DC
-
DC
po
wer
co
nv
e
rters
for
this
ap
plica
ti
on
.
In
[
4],
an
isolat
ed
DC
-
D
C
conve
rter
is
us
e
d,
howe
ve
r
it
has
l
ow
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
beca
us
e
of
t
he
tw
o
-
sta
ge
c
onve
r
sion.
N
onisolat
e
d
D
C
-
DC
c
onve
rters
are
prefe
r
red
due
to
powe
r
lo
ss
c
onside
rati
ons
over
is
olate
d
DC
-
DC
conve
rters.
C
onve
rters
pro
po
sed
i
n
[
5]
-
[12]
hav
e
hi
gh
boost
char
act
e
risti
cs,
howe
ver
,
th
os
e
c
onve
rters
do
not
hav
e
comm
on
node betwee
n
i
nput a
nd outp
ut
(
floati
ng
co
nverter
) w
hic
h
i
s undesi
ra
ble in m
a
ny a
pp
li
ca
ti
on
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
1
699
–
170
7
1700
Converte
rs
in
[13]
a
nd
[
16]
hav
e
a
quad
r
at
ic
vo
lt
age
ga
in
so
that
a
high
volt
age
-
r
at
io
can
be
achieve
d
wit
h
moderate
du
t
y
cycle.
H
owev
e
r,
these
co
nver
te
rs
ha
ve
c
omp
le
x
co
ntr
ols
du
e
to
the
higher
order
of
the
pla
nt.
A
simple
c
onve
rter
that
eas
y
t
o
con
t
ro
l
has
al
s
o
bee
n
pro
pose
d
but has
a
n
ar
row
volt
age g
a
in
a
nd
needs
m
or
e
c
omp
on
e
nts
tha
n
the
co
nventio
nal
one
[14].
A
ne
w
buck
-
boos
t
c
onve
rter
with
wider
volt
ag
e
conve
rsion
rati
o
ha
s
al
so
bee
n
pr
opos
e
d
bu
t
it
al
so
has
c
ompl
ex
c
ontro
l
and
rev
e
rse
d
ou
t
pu
t
po
la
rity
[
15].
The
mo
st
c
ommo
nly
use
d
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter
for
P
V
gen
e
rati
on
is
sti
ll
the
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
D
C
boost
conve
rter
beca
us
e
it
is
simpl
e,
lo
w
c
os
t,
an
d
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
[
17]
-
[
21]
.
T
hough
conve
ntion
al
boos
t
co
nverter
has
a
con
ti
n
uous
in
put
cu
rr
e
nt,
a
n
input
LC
filt
er
is
al
mo
st
al
wa
ys
need
e
d
in
a
n
ap
plica
ti
on
t
o
re
duce
f
ur
t
he
r
the
DC
in
put
c
urre
nt
ri
pp
le
.
A
la
r
ge
c
urre
nt
ri
pple
is
un
desira
bl
e
in
man
y
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s.
T
he
dev
el
opment
of
this
typ
e
of c
onver
t
er is alwa
ys an
ongoin
g h
ot t
opic
[2
2]
,
[
23].
In
t
his
pa
pe
r,
a
ne
w
sim
ple,
low
c
os
t,
an
d
eff
ic
ie
nt
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter
is
pro
po
s
ed
.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
c
onve
rter
is
der
i
ve
d
from
t
he
co
nv
e
ntio
nal
DC
-
DC
buc
k
-
boost
co
nverter
.
As
it
is
de
rive
d
fro
m
bu
c
k
-
bo
os
t
co
nv
e
rter,
t
he
in
pu
t
a
nd
outp
ut
currents
a
re
disco
ntinuo
us
.
T
her
e
fore,
a
n
L
C
filt
er
mu
st
be
add
e
d
to
the
i
nput
si
de
to
minimi
ze
the
in
put
cu
rrent
ri
pp
le
[24
].
This
pa
per
or
gan
iz
e
a
s
f
ollo
ws:
I
n
Sect
ion
2,
th
e
const
ru
ct
io
n
of
pro
posed
to
pology
is
desc
rib
ed
in
de
ta
il
.
It
is
sho
wn
that
the
pro
po
se
d
conve
rter
has
l
ow
e
r
ou
t
pu
t
capaci
t
or
rati
ng
tha
n
the
co
nventio
nal
DC
-
DC
boos
t
co
nverte
r
.
A
l
ow
e
r
ca
pa
ci
tor
volt
age
rati
ng
means
l
ow
e
r
pri
ce
w
hich
is
de
sired
in
m
os
t
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
S
ect
ion
3
gi
ves
a
detai
le
d
ex
pressi
on
of
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
by
c
onsi
de
rin
g
the
vo
lt
age
dr
op
s
acr
os
s
i
nduct
or
s
an
d
s
witc
hing
dev
ic
es
.
It
is
sho
wn
that
the
cond
uction
lo
sses
are
lo
we
r
tha
n
t
he
c
onve
ntio
nal
D
C
-
DC
boos
t
powe
r
c
onver
t
er.
S
ect
ion
4
giv
e
s
exp
e
rime
ntal r
esults t
o ve
rify the a
nalysis
pr
esented
in
t
his
pap
e
r. The
co
nc
lusio
n
is
giv
e
n
in
Secti
on
5.
Figure
1
.
Sc
he
mati
c o
f
D
C
m
ic
rogr
id
s
ys
te
m
2.
NEW STEP
-
UP DC
-
DC CON
VERTER
Figure
2
sho
w
s
a
conve
ntio
na
l
DC
-
DC
bu
c
k
-
boos
t
c
onve
r
te
r
with
te
rmi
na
l
ou
tp
ut
volt
age
ta
ke
n
at
the
capaci
to
r
port
w
hich
ha
s
rev
e
rse
d
pol
arit
y.
T
hough
the
act
ive
swit
chin
g
de
vice
is
show
n
usi
ng
meta
l
ox
i
de
semic
ondu
ct
or
fiel
d
e
f
fect
transist
or
(MOSFET)
,
oth
er
t
yp
e
of
s
witc
hing
dev
ic
es
can
al
s
o
be
us
e
d.
Unde
r
c
on
ti
nu
ou
s
c
onduct
ion mo
de o
f
in
duc
tor
c
urre
nt,
it
c
an be s
ho
w
n
t
ha
t t
he
av
era
ge ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
is
=
1
−
(1)
wh
e
re
is
the
outp
ut
volt
age of
co
nventio
nal b
uc
k
-
bo
os
t
co
nv
e
rter,
is
the
input
volt
age
,
a
nd
is
the
duty
cycle
of
tra
ns
i
stor
1
.
T
he
value
of
duty
c
yc
le
can
be
c
ha
ng
e
d
from
ze
ro
t
o
un
it
y
an
d,
t
her
e
fore,
t
he
aver
a
ge
out
pu
t
vo
lt
age
ca
n
be
lower
or
high
er
than
t
he
in
put
volt
age.
T
his
is
the
reason
why
this
c
onve
rter
is
al
so
call
ed
a
s
up
-
dow
n DC
-
D
C p
ow
e
r
c
onve
rter.
Figure
2
.
Mo
dificat
ion
of c
onven
ti
onal
b
uck
-
bo
os
t DC
-
DC
conve
rter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ne
w bidirect
io
na
l
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC c
onvert
er
derived
fro
m b
uck
-
boos
t
… (
Ridha
D. N. A
di
tama
)
1701
In
ad
diti
on
to
the
c
onve
ntional
outp
ut
te
r
minal
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
2,
a
nothe
r
te
r
minal
can
al
s
o
be
us
e
d
f
or loa
d
c
onnecti
on as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2
.
If the l
oa
d
is co
nn
e
ct
ed
t
o t
his terminal,
then the c
onve
r
te
r
can
be red
rawn a
s
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e 3
.
In t
his cas
e, the
a
ve
rag
e
load v
oltage is:
=
+
=
1
1
−
(2
)
Diff
e
re
nt
to
th
e
co
nverter
i
n
Figure
2,
t
he
ne
w
c
onve
rter
i
n
Fig
ur
e
3
h
as
a
loa
d
volt
age
that
is
al
way
s
higher
t
han
th
e
input
volt
ag
e.
The
new
c
onve
rter
has
ou
tpu
t
volt
age
c
har
act
erist
ic
th
at
is
the
same
as
the
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boos
t
powe
r
c
onve
rt
er.
H
oweve
r,
t
he
rated
volt
ag
e
of
filt
er
ca
pa
ci
tor
C
of
the
pro
posed
conve
rter is l
ower
tha
n
c
onve
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boo
st
con
ver
te
r
acc
ordin
g
to
(3).
=
(3
)
A
lo
wer
in
pu
t
rip
ple
is
de
sira
ble
in
man
y
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
of
D
C
-
DC
powe
r
c
onve
rters.
As
the
c
onve
rte
r
in
Fig
ur
e
3
is
der
i
ved
from
t
he
DC
-
DC
bu
ck
-
boos
t
c
onve
rter,
t
he
in
pu
t
current
is
dis
con
ti
nu
ous
wit
h
hi
gh
rip
ple
c
on
te
nt.
In
pr
act
ic
es,
th
eref
or
e
,
a
n
LC
filt
er
is
a
dded
on
the
in
put
si
de
of
t
he
co
nv
erter.
I
f
an
in
put
LC
filt
er
is
add
e
d,
the
pro
posed
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
D
C
power
c
onve
rter
will
bec
ome
as
the
one
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
4.
It
sh
oul
d
be
note
d
that
t
he
propose
d
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter
in
Fig
ur
es
3
an
d
4
a
re
bi
directi
ona
l
DC
-
DC
co
nv
erters
and,
the
refor
e
, can
be
operate
d
both
a
s
ste
p
-
up
a
nd
ste
p
-
do
wn
D
C
-
DC
po
wer
c
onve
rters
.
A
simi
la
r
der
i
vation
method
f
or
C
uk
DC
-
DC
po
wer
co
nverter
has
bee
n
done
in
[25].
T
hus
,
the
pro
posed
powe
r
c
onve
r
te
r
is
ano
t
her ap
plica
ti
on
of co
nvert
er
der
ivati
on m
et
hod
that
has
been p
r
opos
e
d i
n
[
25].
Figure
3
.
Bi
dir
ect
ion
al
m
odifie
d bu
c
k
-
bo
os
t
DC
-
DC con
vert
er
Figure
4
.
Mo
dified b
uck
-
bo
ost
D
C
-
DC c
onve
rter
with
input LC
filt
er
3.
OUTP
UT
VOL
TAGE EX
P
RESSI
ONS
Ex
pr
essi
ons
(
1)
an
d
(
2)
ha
ve
been
de
rive
d
by
ne
glect
ing
the
volt
age
drop
s
acr
os
s
the
switc
hing
dev
ic
es
a
nd
in
du
ct
or
s
.
I
n
pr
a
ct
ic
es,
these
volt
age
dro
ps
ar
e
fi
nite
an
d
wi
ll
aff
ect
t
he
m
aximum
volt
ag
e
gai
n
that
can
be
ac
hi
eved
by
t
he
D
C
-
DC
c
onve
rter.
More
ov
e
r,
these
vo
lt
a
ge
dro
ps
will
deter
mine
the
co
nd
uction
losses
an
d,
t
he
refor
e
,
the
c
onver
te
r
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y.
I
n
this
sect
ion
,
t
he
volt
ag
e
drops
acr
os
s
the
transist
or
durin
g
the con
du
ct
i
on mode is
r
e
pr
es
ented
a
s:
=
+
(4)
wh
e
re
is
the
con
sta
nt
co
m
pone
nt
an
d
i
s
the
resist
ive
com
pone
nt
of
the
volt
age
dro
p
acr
os
s
th
e
transisto
r
duri
ng
c
onduct
io
n
m
ode,
res
pect
ively,
a
nd
is
the
c
urre
nt
th
r
ough
t
he
tra
nsi
stor.
O
n
the
ot
her
hand, t
he v
oltage
dro
p
acr
os
s
the d
i
od
e
ca
n b
e re
pr
ese
nted
a
s:
=
+
(
5)
wh
e
re
is
the
con
sta
nt
co
mpo
nen
t
a
nd
is
the
resist
ive
co
m
pone
nt
of
the
vo
lt
age
dro
p
a
cro
ss
the
diode
durin
g
c
onduct
ion
m
ode,
res
pe
ct
ively,
a
nd
is
the
cu
rr
e
nt
th
r
ough
the
diode
.
The
ca
pacit
or
s
are
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
ideal
capaci
tors
without
e
qu
i
valent
serie
s
resist
ance.
C
on
ti
nu
ous
co
nductio
n
m
ode
is
con
si
der
e
d
in
this
analysis.
T
he
two
t
ransi
stors
in
Fig
ur
e
4
are
wor
king
c
ompli
mentar
y,
that
is,
tra
ns
ist
or
Q
1
receiv
es
a
n
ON(OFF
)
sig
na
l
wh
e
n
tran
sist
o
r
Q
2
re
cei
ve
s
an
O
FF(O
N)
sign
al
.
When
t
ran
sist
or
Q1
re
cei
ves
an
ON
s
ign
al
,
the stat
e
-
s
pace
expressi
on is:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
1
699
–
170
7
1702
[
]
=
[
−
−
1
0
0
1
0
−
1
0
0
1
−
(
+
)
0
0
0
0
0
]
[
]
+
[
0
−
−
]
(
6)
wh
e
re
a
nd
ar
e
the
resist
anc
es
of
i
nduct
or
s
L
i
a
nd
L
,
res
pe
ct
ively,
a
nd
p
is
the
diff
e
re
nt
ia
l
op
e
rator.
and
are
the
c
urren
ts
t
hroug
h
in
pu
t
filt
er
inducto
r
a
nd
e
nerg
y
-
tra
nsfer
inducto
r,
re
sp
e
ct
ively.
is
the
vo
lt
age
acr
os
s
input
filt
er
cap
aci
tor
an
d
is
the
loa
d
c
urrent
.
The
sta
te
-
s
pa
ce
expressi
on
wh
e
n
tra
ns
ist
or
Q1 r
ecei
ves
a
n OF
F signal
is
[
]
=
[
−
−
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
−
(
+
)
0
0
0
0
0
]
[
]
+
[
0
−
−
]
(
7)
Stat
e
-
sp
ace
i
n
(6)
a
nd
(
7)
are
valid
d
ur
i
ng
ON
an
d
OFF
per
i
od
s
of
Q1,
res
pecti
vely
.
Av
e
ra
ging
the
sta
te
-
sp
ace
(6) a
nd (7) o
ve
r one
sw
it
chi
ng p
e
r
iod
will
r
es
ult i
n
the
av
e
ra
ge
s
ta
te
-
sp
ace
(8):
[
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
]
=
[
−
−
1
0
0
1
0
−
0
0
−
−
(
+
+
(
1
−
)
)
0
0
0
0
0
]
[
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
]
+
[
0
−
−
(
1
−
)
−
]
(8)
wh
e
re b
a
r
ove
r
the v
aria
bles deno
te
the a
ver
a
ge
qua
ntit
y.
Dur
i
ng
the stea
dy
-
sta
te
con
diti
on, th
e a
ver
a
ge
stat
e
-
sp
ace
(8) beca
me:
0
=
[
−
−
1
0
0
1
0
−
0
0
−
−
(
+
+
(
1
−
)
)
0
0
0
0
0
]
[
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
]
+
[
0
−
−
(
1
−
)
−
]
(9)
Ba
sed
on
(
9)
,
t
he
a
ve
rag
e
loa
d
volt
age
a
s
a
functi
on
of
du
t
y
c
ycle
a
nd
l
oa
d
c
urre
nt
ca
n
be
obta
ined
as:
=
1
−
−
1
−
−
−
(
1
−
)
2
(
2
+
+
+
(
1
−
)
)
(10)
By
us
i
ng
the
s
ame
meth
od,
the
ave
rage
outpu
t
vo
lt
age
of
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boos
t
conve
rter
wit
h
add
it
io
nal in
pu
t LC
f
il
te
r
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
5
ca
n be
obta
ined
as:
=
1
−
−
1
−
−
−
(
1
−
)
2
(
+
+
+
(
1
−
)
)
(11)
Com
par
is
on
be
t
ween
(
10)
a
nd
(
11)
sho
ws
t
hat
the
volt
age
dro
p
in
the
pr
opos
e
d
c
onve
r
te
r
is
lo
wer
than
the
on
e
i
n
co
nventio
nal
DC
-
DC
boos
t
c
onver
te
r.
T
he
diff
e
ren
c
e
is
the
vo
lt
ag
e
dr
op
i
n
t
he
in
pu
t
filt
er
inducto
r.
Fi
gure
6
s
hows
a
c
omparis
on
gr
a
ph
of
t
he
volt
age
dro
p
ac
ross
the
in
put
filt
er
inducto
r
resist
ance
of
pro
po
se
d
DC
-
DC
c
onver
te
r
a
nd
the
co
nvent
ion
al
boo
st
c
on
ver
te
r
,
as
a fun
ct
ion
o
f
duty
c
ycle, w
it
h
= 0
.
1
Ω
and
=
5
A.
I
n
Fig
ure
6
,
ot
her
c
omp
on
e
nt
s
are
ass
um
e
d
as
ideal
com
pone
nts.
Fi
gur
e
6
re
pr
e
sents
the
cond
uction l
osse
s whe
n
the
volt
age
dro
ps
ac
ro
ss
s
witc
hing
dev
ic
es
are ne
glect
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ne
w bidirect
io
na
l
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC c
onvert
er
derived
fro
m b
uck
-
boos
t
… (
Ridha
D. N. A
di
tama
)
1703
As
t
he
vo
lt
a
ge
dro
ps
al
so
re
present
the
c
on
du
ct
io
n
losses
,
the
c
onduct
io
n
lo
sses
i
n
t
he
input
filt
ers
will
be
lo
wer
than
the
ones
i
n
c
onv
e
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boos
t
powe
r
c
onve
r
te
r.
A
s
the
swi
tc
hin
g
losses
a
re
the
same,
the
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
of
the
pro
posed
DC
-
D
C
power
c
onve
rter
will
be
hi
gh
e
r
than
t
he
on
e
of
c
onve
nt
ion
al
DC
-
DC
boost
powe
r
co
nv
e
rt
er.
T
he
dif
fer
e
nce
of
co
nduct
ion
los
ses
bec
om
es
bigger
w
he
n
t
he
duty
c
ycle
is
high.
Fig
ur
e
7
shows
the
pl
ot
of
the
volt
age
gain
(
/
)
co
mp
a
rison
betw
een
propose
d
conve
rter
a
nd
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boos
t
conve
rter,
as
a
f
unct
ion
of
duty
cycle
th
ree
di
ff
e
ren
t
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nts
.
I
n
Fi
gure
7
,
on
l
y
the
in
pu
t
f
il
te
r
in
duct
or re
sist
ance is c
onside
red. T
his
fig
ur
e s
how
s t
hat the
maxim
um
volt
age
gain of
t
he
pro
po
se
d
c
onve
rter is
higher
t
han the
one
of
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
DC
boos
t
po
wer
co
nverter
.
Figure
5
.
Co
nventional
DC
-
D
C b
oo
st c
onve
r
te
r
with
a
ddit
io
nal in
pu
t
LC fi
lt
er
Figure
6
.
Volt
age
dro
p
c
ompa
rison
Figure
7
.
Volt
age
gain
c
ompa
rison
4.
EXPERI
MEN
TAL RES
UL
TS
A
s
mall
prot
ot
yp
e
m
od
i
fied
buc
k
-
boos
t
w
it
h
in
pu
t
LC
f
il
te
r
as
the
on
e
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
4
was
const
ru
ct
e
d.
E
xp
e
rime
ntal
sc
heme
f
or
un
i
directi
on
al
an
d
it
s
set
up
a
re
sho
wn
in
Fig
ures
8
a
nd
9,
res
pec
ti
vely.
The
DC
volt
age
s
ource
of
t
he
powe
r
c
onve
rter
is
obta
in
ed
from
a
recti
ficat
ion
of
sin
gle
-
ph
ase
AC
vo
lt
age
so
urce.
The
ou
tpu
t
of
recti
fie
r
is
filt
ered
by
us
in
g
a
5
-
m
F
capaci
tor
.
T
he
DC
volt
age
so
urce
is
mai
nt
ai
ned
const
ant
at
36
V
dc.
W
at
tmet
ers
are
placed
in
both
in
pu
t
an
d
outp
ut
of
the
DC
-
DC
powe
r
c
onve
rte
r.
The
dig
it
al
os
ci
ll
osc
op
e
can
meas
ur
e
both
in
pu
t
and
outp
ut
wa
veforms
of
the
pro
posed
DC
-
DC
po
wer
co
nverter
.
In
t
his
ex
per
i
ment,
powe
r
M
O
SFET
IRF
P260N
a
nd
ul
trafast
di
od
e
M
UR
1560
G
wer
e
us
e
d
as
switc
hing
dev
ic
es
,
a
n
in
du
ct
or
filt
er
(
)
of
47.
8
μ
H,
a
film
capaci
to
r
filt
er
(
)
of
10
μ
F
.
1
-
m
H
of
energ
y
-
tra
nsfer
inducto
r
(
)
wa
s
ch
os
e
n
to
en
su
re
the
c
onve
rter
operates
in
co
ntin
uous
c
onduct
io
n
mode
(CC
M
).
Ca
pa
ci
tor
ou
t
pu
t
(
)
is
c
ho
sen
at
30
μ
F
film
ca
pacit
or
an
d
t
he
loa
d
is va
riable resist
or.
The
switc
hi
ng f
re
qu
e
n
c
y
is
fi
xed
at
2
0 k
Hz.
Figure
8
.
Expe
rimental
sc
hem
e f
or
unidirect
i
on
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
1
699
–
170
7
1704
Figure
9
.
Expe
rimental
set
up
Figure
10
sho
ws
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
an
d
i
nput
c
urre
nt
wa
veforms
of
m
odifie
d
buc
k
-
boos
t
with
in
pu
t
LC
filt
er.
Fig
ure
10
(a
)
is
at
50%
duty
c
ycl
e
with
1.5
A
of
in
pu
t
c
urren
t
wh
il
e
Fig
ure
10
(
b)
is
at
50
%
duty
cycle
a
nd
3.3
A
of
in
pu
t
c
ur
ren
t.
The
ou
t
put
volt
age
is
f
la
t,
and
the
in
pu
t
c
urre
nt
is
con
ti
nu
ous
with
lo
w
rip
ple
c
on
te
nt
bec
au
se
of
the
in
pu
t
LC
filt
er.
Fig
ur
e
11
s
hows
the
cal
culat
ion
an
d
ex
per
ime
ntal
re
s
ults
of
vo
lt
age
gain
(
/
),
a
s
a
f
unct
io
n
of
du
t
y
c
ycl
e.
Li
ne
a
nd
da
sh
e
d
li
ne
in
di
cat
e
cal
culat
ion
re
su
lt
s
with
diff
e
re
nt
loa
d
current,
w
hile
diamon
ds
a
nd
ci
rcles
ind
ic
a
te
ex
per
ime
ntal
resu
lt
s
with
diff
e
ren
t
loa
d
c
urre
nt.
Accurac
y
of
th
e
anal
ys
is
re
sul
ts
can
be
a
ppr
eci
at
ed
f
rom
F
igure
11
.
High
er
loa
d
c
urre
nt
mak
es
lo
we
r
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age;
he
nce
,
re
du
ces
t
he
volt
age
gai
n,
es
pecial
ly
at
higher
duty
c
ycles.
Fig
ur
e
12
s
hows
e
ff
i
ci
enc
y
as
a
functi
on
of
loa
d
cu
rrents
with
var
ia
ti
ons
in
the
dut
y
cycle.
The
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
will
be
hi
gh
e
r
on
l
ower
du
t
y
cycle.
It
can
be
no
te
d
that
acc
ordin
g
to
(10
)
a
nd
(
11)
,
f
or
the
sam
e
outp
ut
vo
lt
ag
e,
m
odifie
d
bu
ck
-
boos
t
has
l
ow
e
r
du
t
y
c
ycle
tha
n
c
onve
nti
onal
boost
co
nvert
er.
It
mea
ns
t
he
modifie
d
buck
-
boos
t
has
hi
gh
e
r
ef
fici
enc
y
tha
n
conve
ntion
al
boo
st
con
ver
te
r
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Figure
10
. O
utp
ut
volt
age a
nd in
put cu
rr
e
nt
wav
e
f
or
m
s
of
i
nput LC
filt
ere
d
m
odifie
d
buc
k
-
boos
t at
50%
duty
cycle an
d
i
nput
curre
nt of,
(
a
) 1.
5 A, (b)
3.3 A
Figure
11
. V
oltage
gain
c
al
cul
at
ion
a
nd expe
rimental
resu
lt
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ne
w bidirect
io
na
l
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC c
onvert
er
derived
fro
m b
uck
-
boos
t
… (
Ridha
D. N. A
di
tama
)
1705
Figure
12
. E
xp
erimental
resu
l
t of co
nverter
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
A
b
i
direc
ti
onal
exp
e
rime
nt
w
as
done
by
us
i
ng
t
he
sch
eme
as
show
n
in
Figure
13
.
Alth
ough
the
DC
so
urces
are
s
howe
d
as
ideal
so
urces
wh
ic
h
can
abs
orb
power,
i
n
fact
t
he
DC
s
ources
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
ex
per
ime
nt
are
obta
ined
from
recti
fier
A
C
volt
age,
th
us
it
ca
nnot
a
bsor
b
po
w
er.
T
he
refor
e
,
resist
ors
a
re
nee
de
d
on
bo
t
h
sides.
T
he
DC p
owe
r
s
ources,
watt
mete
rs,
an
d
fi
xed
resist
or
s
are p
la
ced on
both
in
put
an
d
outp
ut
of
pr
opos
e
d
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter.
P
ow
e
r
M
O
SFET
s
IRFP26
0N
we
re
us
e
d
as
s
wi
tc
hin
g
dev
ic
e
s.
T
he
bid
i
re
ct
ion
al
exp
e
rime
nt
s
te
p
is
to
inc
reas
e
on
e
of
the
D
C
so
urces
to
a
certai
n
val
ue,
then
in
crease
t
he
ot
her
sourc
e
un
ti
l
the
powe
r
flo
w
re
ver
ses
(in
dicat
ed
by
the
re
verse
direct
ion
of
the
cu
rrent).
Fi
gure
14
s
hows
the
in
put
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
c
urre
nt
in
bid
irect
io
na
l
exp
e
rime
nt.
It
s
how
s
t
hat
the
c
urren
t
c
an
be
rev
e
rse
d,
th
us
in
dicat
ing
th
e
pro
po
se
d DC
-
DC c
onver
te
r
i
s appli
cable i
n
bid
irect
io
nal m
od
e
.
Figure
13
. E
xp
erimental
sc
he
me of t
he bidir
ect
ion
al
e
xp
e
riment
Figure
14
. In
put an
d o
utput c
urren
ts
in
t
he b
idirect
ion
al
e
xperime
nt
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
ne
w
ste
p
-
up
bi
directi
onal
DC
-
DC
po
we
r
co
nverter
ba
sed
on
t
he
m
odific
at
ion
of
c
onve
ntion
al
bu
c
k
-
bo
os
t
D
C
-
DC
power
c
onve
rter
ha
s
be
en
pr
opos
e
d.
As
it
is
der
i
ve
d
f
rom
the
c
onve
ntio
nal
buc
k
-
boost
DC
-
DC
powe
r
co
nv
e
rter,
it
has
simpli
ci
ty
an
d
bi
direct
ion
al
cha
racte
risti
cs.
Unde
r
the
same
L
C
filt
er
par
a
mete
rs,
th
e
pro
pose
d
D
C
-
DC
powe
r
conve
rter
ca
n
achie
ve
high
er
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
c
ompare
d
to
t
he
conve
ntion
al
DC
-
D
C
boost
powe
r
co
nvert
er.
As
the
resul
t,
the
pro
po
se
d
DC
-
DC
pow
er
co
nverter
ha
s
bette
r
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
co
m
par
e
d
to
the
c
onve
ntion
al
D
C
-
DC
bo
os
t
powe
r
co
nverte
r.
Mo
reover
,
it
ha
s
l
ow
e
r
ca
pacit
or
vo
lt
age
rati
ng
than
t
he
co
nven
ti
on
al
one
w
hi
ch
le
ad
to
c
os
t
eff
ic
ie
n
c
y.
E
xp
erimental
res
ul
ts
hav
e
ver
ifie
d
the
analysis
meth
od
giv
e
n
in
this
pap
e
r. A
ppli
cat
ion
s
of the
pro
po
s
ed
con
ver
te
r
is l
eft
for fut
ure in
vestigat
io
n.
85
%
87
%
89
%
91
%
93
%
95
%
97
%
99
%
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
Effic
iency
L
oad
Curren
t
(A)
D
u
t
y
C
yc
le
0,1
D
u
t
y
C
yc
le
0,3
D
u
t
y
C
yc
le
0,5
D
u
t
y
C
yc
le
0,7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
1
699
–
170
7
1706
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NTS
The
a
uthor
s
wish
t
o
tha
nk to
the
Korea
M
idl
and P
ow
e
r
C
ompa
ny for pa
rt
ia
ll
y
fun
ded thi
s
resea
rch.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Y.
L
i
,
and
R.
O
ruga
nti,
“
A
low
cost
flyb
ac
k
C
CM
inve
rt
er
for
AC
modu
le
ap
pli
c
at
ion
,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
o
n
Powe
r E
le
c
troni
cs
,
vol
.
27
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
1295
-
1303
,
Marc
h
2012,
do
i:
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1109/T
PE
L
.
2011.
2164941
.
[2]
Z.
Zha
o
,
M.
Xu,
Q.
Chen,
J.
Lai,
and
Y.
Cho
,
“
De
riva
ti
on
,
analysi
s,
and
im
pl
emen
ta
ti
on
of
a
boost
–
buck
conv
ert
e
r
-
base
d
high
-
eff
i
cienc
y
PV
inv
ert
er
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
.
27,
no
.
3
,
pp.
13
04
-
1313,
Marc
h
2012,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/T
PEL
.
2011.
2
163805.
[3]
H.
Hu,
S.
Harb
,
N.
H.
Kutku
t,
Z
.
J.
Shen
,
and
I
.
Bat
arse
h
,
“
A
Sin
gle
-
Stag
e
Micro
i
nver
te
r
W
it
hout
Us
ing
El
e
trol
yt
i
c
Capa
c
it
ors,
”
I
E
EE
Tr
ansacti
on
s
on
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vol
.
28,
no
.
6,
p
p.
2677
-
2687,
June
2013
,
do
i
:
10.
1109/T
PE
L.
2
012.
2224886.
[4]
F.
Jun
g,
and
S.
d.
A.
Pinhe
iro,
C.
T
.
Paz
,
M.
Fiorin
and
T.
D
equi
giov
ani
,
“
DC
-
DC
conve
r
te
r
for
photovoltaic
sys
te
ms,
”
Proc.
12th
IE
EE
Int
ernati
onal
Confe
r
enc
e
on
Industry
App
li
ca
ti
ons
(
INDU
SCON
),
2016,
pp
.
1
-
8
,
do
i
:
10.
1109/INDU
SC
ON
.
2016.
7874524.
[5]
N.
El
say
ad,
H.
Moradisiz
koohi
,
and
O.
A.
Mo
ham
m
ed,
“
Desi
gn
and
im
pl
em
e
nta
ti
on
of
a
ne
w
tra
nsformer
les
s
bidi
re
ct
ion
al
DC
–
DC
Convert
er
with
wide
conv
ersion
ra
ti
os,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Industrial
Elec
troni
cs
,
vol
.
66,
no
.
9
,
pp
.
70
67
-
7077,
Sept
.
2
019,
doi
:
10
.
110
9/T
IE
.
201
8.
287
8126.
[6]
N.
El
say
ad,
H.
Moradisiz
kooh
i
,
and
O.
A.
Mohamm
ed
,
“
A
new
hybrid
str
uct
ure
of
a
bid
ire
c
ti
ona
l
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
er
w
i
th
h
igh
conv
ersion
r
at
ios
fo
r
el
e
ct
r
ic
vehicl
es,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
o
n
V
ehi
cu
lar
Tec
hnology
,
vol
.
69
,
no.
1
,
pp
.
194
-
2
06,
Jan
.
2020
,
d
oi:
10
.
1109/T
VT
.
2019.
2950282
.
[7]
N.
E
lsaya
d
,
H
.
Moradisiz
koohi
,
and
O.
A.
Moh
am
m
ed,
“
A
new
singl
e
-
sw
it
ch
st
ruc
ture
of
a
DC
–
dc
conve
rt
er
w
i
th
wide
conve
rsion
ra
ti
o
for
fue
l
c
el
l
veh
ic
l
es:
analysis
and
dev
el
o
pme
nt
,
”
IE
EE
J
ournal
of
Eme
rg
ing
and
Se
lecte
d
Topics
in Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics,
vol
.
8,
no.
3,
pp.
278
5
-
2800,
Sept
.
20
20,
doi
:
10
.
1109
/JESTPE.
2019.
2
913990.
[8]
M.
La
kshm
i
,
a
nd
S.
Hem
am
a
li
ni,
“
Nonisol
ated
high
gai
n
DC
–
DC
conve
r
te
r
for
DC
microgrids,
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Indu
strial
E
le
c
tronic
s,
vo
l. 65, n
o.
2
,
pp
.
1205
-
1
212,
Feb
.
2018
,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
I
E.
2017.
2733463
.
[9]
H.
Kang
,
and
H.
Cha,
“
A
ne
w
nonisola
te
d
high
-
volt
ag
e
-
ga
i
n
boost
conve
rt
er
w
it
h
inh
ere
n
t
output
vol
ta
g
e
bal
an
ci
ng,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industrial
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
.
65,
no.
3,
pp
.
2189
-
2198,
Marc
h
2018,
d
oi:
10.
1109/T
I
E.
20
17.
2736508.
[10]
A.
Ganja
v
i,
H.
Ghorei
shy
,
and
A.
A.
Ahmad
,
“
A
novel
singl
e
-
i
nput
dual
-
ou
tput
t
hre
e
-
le
v
el
DC
–
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Indu
strial
Elec
tronic
s
,
vol
.
65
,
no.
10,
pp.
8101
-
8111,
O
c
t.
2018
,
doi
:
10.
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I
E.
20
18.
2807384.
[11]
E.
H
.
Ism
ai
l
,
M.
A.
Al
-
Saffa
r
,
A
.
J.
Sabz
al
i
,
and
A
.
A.
Fardoun,
“
H
igh
vol
ta
ge
ga
in
single
-
sw
it
ch
no
n
-
isola
t
ed
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
ers
f
or
ren
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
app
li
c
at
ion
s,
”
2010
I
EE
E
I
nte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Sus
tai
nable
E
n
ergy
Technol
ogi
es
(I
CSET)
,
2010,
pp
.
1
-
6
,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/ICSET
.
2010
.
5684438.
[12]
A.
L
.
Sch
li
ngm
ann,
R.
F.
Coelho
,
and
D.
C
.
Marti
ns,
“
A
Ne
w
Step
-
Up
DC
-
DC
Converter
f
or
Photovolt
aic
Applic
a
ti
ons,
”
2
018
9th
I
EE
E
In
te
rnational
S
ymposium
on
Power
Elec
troni
cs
for
Distribut
ed
Ge
nerati
on
Syste
m
s
(PE
DG
)
,
2018
,
pp.
1
-
6
,
doi
:
10
.
1109/PEDG.2018.
8447631.
[13]
S.
Miao,
F.
W
an
g
,
and
X.
Ma
,
“
A
new
tra
nsform
erl
ess
buck
–
boo
st
conve
r
te
r
wi
th
positi
ve
output volt
ag
e,
”
in
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Indus
trial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vo
l. 63, n
o.
5
,
pp
.
2965
-
2
975,
May
2016,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
I
E.
2016.
2518118
.
[14]
K.
I.
Hw
u
,
and
T.
J.
Peng,
“
A
n
ovel
bu
ck
–
boost
conve
r
te
r
com
bi
ning
KY
and
bu
ck
conv
ert
ers
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
n
s
on
Powe
r
Elec
tr
onic
s,
vo
l. 27, n
o.
5
,
pp
.
2236
-
2
241,
May
2012
,
doi:
10
.
1109/T
P
EL
.
2011
.
218220
8.
[15]
S.
Ding
,
and
F.
W
ang,
“
A
n
e
w
nega
t
ive
out
put
buck
–
boost
conve
r
te
r
with
wide
conve
rsi
on
ratio,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Indus
trial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vo
l. 64, n
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T.
Pors
e
lvi
,
and
M.
Arounass
alame,
“
A
nov
el
single
sw
itch
hi
gh
ga
in
d
c
-
dc
c
onver
te
r
,
”
Proc
.
8th
IE
EE
India
Inte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
(IIC
P
E),
Jaipur
,
I
ndia
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pp.
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-
6
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i:
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018.
8709508.
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Y.
Huang
,
F.
Z
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Peng,
J
.
Wa
ng
,
a
nd
D.
Yoos
,
“
Su
rve
y
of
the
powe
r
cond
it
ion
ing
sys
te
m
for
PV
po
wer
g
ene
ra
ti
on
,
”
Proc.
I
EEE
P
ower
Elec
troni
cs
S
pec
ia
li
sts Conf
ere
nce,
Je
ju, Kore
a
,
2006
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pp
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1109/pe
s
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[18]
R.
C
arn
i
el
e
tt
o,
D.
I
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Brandã
o
,
F.
A.
Farr
et
,
M.
G.
Simõ
es
,
and
S.
Sury
ana
r
ayanan,
“
Sm
art
g
,”
IE
E
E
Industry
Applica
ti
ons Magazine,
vol.
17
,
no
.
5
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pp
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-
35
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Sept
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ct
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[19]
E.
Rome
ro
-
C
ad
ava
l
,
G
.
Spagn
uolo,
L.
G.
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nquel
o,
C.
A.
Ram
os
-
Paja,
T.
Suntio
,
and
W
.
M.
Xi
ao,
“
Gri
d
-
conne
c
te
d
photo
volt
aic
gen
era
t
io
n
pl
ant
s:
co
mpo
nent
s
and
oper
a
t
ion,
”
I
EE
E
Indu
strial
E
lectronics
Magazine
,
vo
l.
7,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
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-
2
0,
Sept
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do
i:
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[20]
D.
Mene
ses,
F.
Bla
ab
je
rg
,
Ó.
Garc
ía
,
and
J
.
A.
Cobos,
“
Re
vie
w
and
co
mp
ari
son
of
step
-
up
tra
nsformer
le
s
s
topol
ogie
s
for
p
hotovol
taic
AC
-
modul
e
applic
at
i
on,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Pow
er
Elec
troni
cs
,
v
ol.
28
,
no
.
6
,
pp
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June
2013,
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11
09/T
PEL
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227820.
[21]
M.
Forouze
sh,
Y.
P.
Siwakoti,
S.
A.
Gorji
,
F.
Bla
ab
je
rg
,
a
nd
B.
L
ehm
an
,
“
Step
-
up
DC
–
DC
conve
rte
rs:
a
com
pre
h
ensive
r
evi
ew
of
vo
lt
ag
e
-
boosting
t
ec
hn
i
ques,
topol
ogi
es,
and
app
li
c
at
ion
s
,
”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
.
32,
no.
12,
pp.
9
143
-
9178,
De
c.
2017,
doi
:
10
.
11
09/T
PEL
.
2017.
2
652318.
[22]
T.
Wu
,
“
D
ec
odi
ng
and
synthesi
z
ing
tra
nsform
erless
PWM
conve
rte
rs,
”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Po
wer
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol.
31
,
no
.
9
,
pp
.
6293
-
6304
,
Se
pt.
2016
,
do
i: 10
.
1109/T
PE
L.
201
5.
2499784.
[23]
P.A.
Dahono,
“
Deri
vation
of
hi
gh
volt
ag
e
-
gai
n
step
-
up
DC
-
DC
power
conve
r
te
r
s
”
,
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
Elec
trical
Engi
ne
ering
and
Informatic
s
,
vol
.
11
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
2
36
-
251,
2019
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ne
w bidirect
io
na
l
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC c
onvert
er
derived
fro
m b
uck
-
boos
t
… (
Ridha
D. N. A
di
tama
)
1707
[24]
Y.
Huangfu
,
S
.
Pang,
B
.
Nahid
-
Mobara
keh,
L.
Guo,
A.
K.
Ra
t
hore
,
and
F.
Ga
o,
“
Stabilit
y
analysis
and
a
ct
iv
e
stabi
liza
ti
on
of
on
-
boar
d
DC
power
conve
rt
e
r
sys
te
m
with
input
filter
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Industrial
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
.
65,
no.
1,
pp.
79
0
-
799,
Jan
.
2018
,
doi
:
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.
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I
E.
2017.
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[25]
.
,
.
R z
q
w
,
P. .
,
“
k
-
g
y
,
”
TEL
KOMNIKA
Tele
comm
unic
a
t
ion,
Computing
,
El
e
ct
ronics
,
an
d
Control
,
vol
.
18,
no.
6
,
pp
.
3
247
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3257,
Dec
.
2020,
doi
:
10
.
12
928/T
EL
KO
MN
IKA
.
v18i6.
1646
6.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ridh
a
D.
N.
Ad
itama,
H
’
g
P w
E g
g
I
Te
knologi
Band
ung,
Indon
esia
,
in
2017.
His
cur
ren
t
r
ese
ar
ch
intere
sts
are
ren
ew
abl
e
en
erg
y,
power
elec
t
ronics
and
driv
e
sys
tems.
He
is
a
r
eci
pie
nt
o
f
th
e
Kor
ea
Mid
la
nd
Pow
er
Comp
any
Schol
arships.
At
pr
ese
nt,
h
e
i
s
a
g
rad
ua
te
st
udent
at
th
e
I
nstit
ut
Te
kno
lo
gi
Bandung
,
Indone
sia.
Naq
ita
Ramadhani
was
born
i
n
Wonosobo
,
Ce
ntra
l
Java
,
Indon
esia
in
1999
.
He
recei
v
ed
his
’
g
P w
E g
g
I
T
k g
B g,
I
202
.
His
cur
ren
t
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
ar
e
ren
ewa
bl
e
en
e
rgy,
e
le
c
tric
veh
ic
l
e,
and
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs,
espe
ciall
y
in
po
wer
conv
ert
ers a
nd
drive sys
te
ms
.
Jihad
Furqan
i
was
born
in
Mal
ang,
Ea
st
Jav
a,
I
ndonesia
in
199
0.
He
r
ec
e
ive
d
B.
S.
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Pow
er
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
fr
om
Bandung
In
stit
ute
of
Techn
ology
in
2012.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
M.S.
degr
e
e
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
fro
m
Ba
ndung
Instit
ute
of
Te
chno
logy
i
n
2013.
He
rec
e
i
ved
Dr.E
ng
.
d
egr
ee
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
and
E
lec
troni
c
Engi
n
ee
r
i
ng
from
Tokyo
Instit
u
te
of
Te
chno
logy
in
2019.
He
h
as
b
ee
n
studying
m
ult
ilevel
and
m
ult
ipha
se
mot
or
driv
e,
noise
red
uction
in
sw
it
ch
ed
r
el
uc
ta
n
c
e
mot
or,
power
e
le
c
troni
c
con
ver
te
r
for
ren
e
wable
energ
y
appl
i
ca
t
ion,
and
el
e
ct
r
ic
mo
tor
for
vehicle
ap
pli
c
at
ion
.
He
was
Visiti
ng
R
ese
arc
h
er
of
Univer
sity
of
A
kron
in
2017
an
d
Visiti
ng
L
ectu
re
of
Tokyo
Inst
it
ute
of
T
ec
hno
l
ogy
in
2021.
Curre
ntl
y
,
he
is
l
ec
tur
er
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
Pow
er
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
School
o
f
El
e
ct
ri
cal
Enginee
ring
an
d
Inform
atics,
an
d
Nati
on
al
Ce
nte
r
for
Sus
ta
i
nabl
e
Tr
ansport
at
ion
Technol
o
gy,
Bandung
Instit
ute of Te
ch
nology.
He rec
e
ive
d
I
EE
E
Star
Revi
ewe
r
in
201
9
.
Arwind
ra
Rizqi
awan
,
He
recei
v
ed
’
g
I
Te
knolog
i
Bandung,
Indon
esia
,
in
2006
a
nd
2008,
r
espe
c
ti
vel
y
,
and
do
ctoral
degr
ee
fro
m
Shib
aur
a
Insitut
e
of
Te
ch
nology,
Jap
an,
i
n
2012,
all
in
th
e
fi
el
d
of
el
e
ct
r
i
ca
l
engi
n
ee
r
ing.
His
cur
r
en
t
ma
in
intere
sts
are
pow
er
enginee
ring
,
power
elec
t
ronic
s,
an
d
ren
ew
abl
e
en
erg
y.
He
i
s
cur
ren
t
ly
servin
g
as
assistan
t
pr
ofe
ss
or
in
Scho
ol
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Inform
atics,
Instit
ut
Te
kno
lo
gi
Bandung
,
In
donesia
.
He
is
certi
f
ie
d
profe
ss
iona
l
eng
inee
r
(IPM
)
in
Indone
sia
by
the
Instit
ut
ion
of
E
ngine
ers
Indon
e
sia
(PI
I),
and
A
SEAN
Engi
nee
r
by
AS
EAN
Engi
ne
eri
ng
R
eg
iste
r.
Pe
kik
Argo
D
ahon
o
got
th
e
Insinyur
(Ir)
de
gre
e,
fro
m
the
Instit
ut
T
eknol
o
gi
Bandung
,
Indone
sia,
in
1
985,
the
Master
and
Doctor
E
ngine
er
ing
d
egr
ee
s
fro
m
Toky
o
Instit
u
te
of
Te
chno
logy,
Ja
pan,
in
1992
a
nd
1995,
respe
ct
iv
el
y,
a
ll
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
engi
n
ee
ring
.
H
e
is
reg
iste
r
ed
as
a
Profess
iona
l
En
gine
er
in
Indon
esia
and
AS
EAN.
He
is
a
s
e
ni
or
m
em
ber
of
IEE
E
.
He
is
co
founde
r
of
Indo
nesia
Sm
art
Gri
d
Init
i
atives
an
d
Indone
sia
Pow
er
Quali
t
y
Init
iativ
es.
Curre
ntl
y
,
h
e
is
a
prof
essor i
n
the
Scho
ol
of
E
l
ectrical
E
ngine
er
ing
and
I
nforma
t
ic
s,
Instit
ut
Te
kn
olo
gi
Bandung
.
He
has
int
e
rest
i
n
p
ower
ele
ct
ron
ic
s
,
power
sys
tems,
and
powe
r
qual
it
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.