In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
690~
6
9
6
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
6
90-
69
6
690
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Ride thr
ough testing o
f variab
l
e speed
drive due to voltage sag
types (Types I
, II and III)
Su
ry
a
H
a
r
d
i
1
,
R.
Harah
ap
2
,
S.
A
h
m
a
d
3
, M.
Isa
4
1
,
2,
3
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
of
Elect
rical En
g
in
eer
in
g, Uni
vers
it
as S
u
m
at
era U
t
ar
a, In
d
o
n
esi
a
4
School
of Elect
ri
cal
E
ngineeri
n
g, Univers
i
t
i
Malaysia P
erlis, M
al
a
y
s
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Oct
1
0
,
2
018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
9
,
201
8
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
J
an
19
,
2
0
19
Va
ria
b
le
s
pe
e
d
d
rive
s
(V
SDs)
a
re
w
ide
l
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
va
riou
s
a
p
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
ma
inly
in
p
roces
s
ind
u
s
t
ry
n
ee
d
co
ns
tan
t
r
otatio
nal
speed.
It
i
s
d
e
vel
oped
from
po
wer
elect
ron
i
c
com
p
o
n
en
ts
t
hu
s
s
a
vin
g
e
n
e
rg
y
i
n
its
o
perati
on
.
Un
f
o
rt
unat
e
ly,
it
i
s
s
u
s
cepti
b
l
e
a
g
ain
s
t
po
wer
qualit
y
p
ro
b
l
e
m
f
o
r
exam
pl
e
vo
lt
age
sags
.
The
V
S
D
m
a
y
be
d
is
rupti
on
o
r
d
rop
o
u
t
w
h
en
i
t
is
sup
p
li
ed
by
vo
lt
age
s
a
gs
a
nd
it
is
d
eterm
i
n
e
d
by
s
ag
c
h
a
r
acteris
ti
cs.
Th
i
s
stud
y
is
t
o
inves
t
i
g
ate
eff
e
ct
o
f
vol
t
age
s
a
gs
T
ype
s
I
,
II
and
III
on
VSD
t
hrou
gh
lab
o
rat
o
ry
t
esting
.
T
he
volt
a
g
e
s
ag
s
chara
c
teri
sti
c
s
are
g
e
nera
t
e
d
from
vo
lt
age
sag
gen
e
rato
r
(S
h
a
f
f
n
er
2
10
0
EM
C).
T
he
e
ffect
s
are
p
r
e
se
nte
d
i
n
su
scep
tibil
it
y
c
u
rves
i
n
d
i
s
r
upti
on
and
drop
o
u
t
c
o
n
d
i
tio
ns.
Th
e
curves
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
a
r
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
b
y
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
c
u
r
v
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
T
e
s
t
r
e
s
u
lts
s
how
th
at
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
T
ype
I
caus
e
t
he
V
S
D
d
is
ruption
on
ly,
wh
ereas
two
t
ypes
sag
ot
her
resu
lt
i
n
the
V
S
D
d
i
s
r
upt
io
n
an
d
als
o
d
rop
out
.
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
io
n
r
e
su
lt
s
exp
l
ai
n
a
few
test
p
o
i
n
t
s
are
in
operat
i
o
n
a
re
a
f
o
r
d
i
s
r
upti
on
co
nd
iti
on
wh
ereas
t
est
point
s
f
o
r
dro
p
p
i
ng
ou
t
f
a
r
b
e
lo
w
the
t
h
resh
ol
d
re
com
m
e
n
d
e
d.
Hen
ce
th
e
VS
D has
go
od
q
u
a
lity
t
o
vo
lt
age
s
a
gs.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Ride
t
hro
u
g
h
t
est
i
ng
Susce
p
tib
il
ity
c
urve
Var
i
abl
e
spee
d
drive
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g ty
pes
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Sur
y
a Hardi,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Universitas S
u
mat
e
ra
U
tara,
D
r
.
Mansy
u
r
st
r
eet,
Medan,
I
ndone
s
i
a
.
Em
ail:
sur
y
a.h
a
rdi@
us
u.ac
.id
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
V
a
riable
s
pe
e
d
d
ri
ves
(V
S
D
s)
h
a
v
e
bee
n
r
ec
og
niz
e
d
as
m
o
s
t
susc
e
pt
ible
e
qu
ipm
e
nt
a
g
a
in
st
v
ol
ta
ge
sags.
The
V
S
D
s
a
re
d
evel
o
p
ed
b
y
us
ing
pow
er
e
lec
t
r
o
ni
c
c
o
m
p
one
n
t
s
,
the
r
efor
e
t
h
ey
a
re
s
usce
ptib
le
t
o
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
s.
C
om
monl
y,
p
rim
a
ry
c
om
po
ne
nt
s
of
V
S
D
a
r
e
d
io
de
b
r
i
d
g
e
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
,
d
i
r
e
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
D
C
)
l
i
n
k
,
in
verter
[
1].
By
r
e
a
so
n
e
n
erg
y
s
a
v
ing,
s
o
i
t
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
ma
n
y
a
p
p
l
ica
t
io
ns
s
uc
h
a
s
i
n
dustr
ies,
a
n
d
c
om
me
rcia
l
sect
ors.
I
t
func
ti
o
n
i
s
t
o
c
on
tr
ol
m
ot
or
s
pee
d
t
o
m
eet
s
pe
ed
r
e
qu
ired.
M
o
t
o
r
w
i
th
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
r
o
t
a
t
i
ona
l
sp
ee
d
i
s
very
r
eq
uire
d
i
n
i
nd
us
t
r
i
a
l
pr
oc
ess
s
u
ch
a
s
in
d
u
str
i
e
s
:
t
e
xtile
,
gl
a
ss,
p
ap
er,
s
t
ee
l
p
l
at
e
,
e
t
c
.
Sma
l
l
c
h
ang
e
i
n
spee
d
c
a
n
r
e
s
u
lt
in
d
e
c
re
as
ed
p
ro
d
u
c
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
on
se
que
nce
i
s
ec
on
om
ic
l
o
s
s.
S
usc
e
p
tib
il
t
y
o
f
th
e
equ
i
pme
n
t
can
b
e
fo
un
d
via
l
a
b
o
rat
o
ry
t
es
t
and
m
a
nu
fa
c
t
ur.
Bu
t,
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
m
an
ufa
c
t
u
r
ers
is
n
ot
p
ro
vide
.
H
e
nc
e
inf
o
rma
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
u
s
c
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
V
S
D
a
ga
i
n
st
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
s
i
s
c
ru
ci
al
i
n
ord
e
r
t
o
c
an
i
mp
rov
e
ride
t
hr
oug
h
ca
pab
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e V
S
D to
v
o
l
ta
g
e
sags.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
V
S
D
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
d
e
p
e
nd
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
v
olt
a
g
e
s
ag
cha
r
ac
t
e
ris
tics.
T
he
V
S
D
m
a
y
d
isru
pt
io
n
f
o
r
a
m
o
m
e
nt
a
nd
re
t
u
r
n
t
o
n
o
r
m
a
l
a
fter
e
nd
of
s
a
g
.
Th
e
V
S
D
di
sr
up
t
s
ha
s
e
ffe
c
t o
n
mot
or spe
ed c
han
g
e
. If vo
lta
ge
sag is de
e
p
er and lo
nger
re
sult in t
h
e
V
S
D
ma
y
drop
o
u
t
so
t
ha
t
c
o
nnec
t
io
n
b
e
tw
een
m
ot
or
a
n
d
t
he
V
S
D
i
nte
rru
pte
d
.
S
o
me
VSD
s
w
il
l
quic
k
l
y
r
e
-
start,
r
e-star
t
w
i
t
h
a
specified ti
m
e
delay and
s
o
m
e
req
uire
a
m
a
nual re-
s
tart. In
som
e li
tera
t
u
r
e
s V
S
D
i
s
also m
e
nti
one
d a
d
j
u
s
t
ab
le
spee
d
drive
(A
S
D
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ride through te
sting
of
v
a
riable s
p
eed
dr
i
v
e
due
to v
o
ltage
sag ty
pes
(T
y
p
es I, II
and III)
(Surya Hardi)
69
1
R
i
de
t
hrou
g
h
c
apab
i
l
i
t
y
of
V
S
D
c
aused
by
vo
lta
g
e
s
ags
ha
ve
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
b
y
s
o
m
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
i
n
[2-6]
.
I
n
simul
a
ti
o
n
m
ode
l,
a
ffe
c
t
of
d
iffer
e
n
t
capa
c
i
t
o
r
dim
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
o
n
D
C
bus
v
o
l
tage
m
agn
i
t
u
de
a
nd
motor
sp
e
e
d
lo
ss
[2
]
was
d
e
pi
ct
e
d
i
n
a
c
u
rv
e
fo
r
ba
l
a
n
ced
a
nd
unb
al
a
n
ce
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sa
gs.
C
o
mp
ar
iso
n
o
f
sim
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
f
o
r
sy
m
m
et
ri
ca
l
vol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
s
i
ngl
e
-
p
h
a
se
v
ol
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
s
.
Su
scep
ti
b
ilit
y
cu
rv
es
w
e
r
e
prese
n
t
e
d
in
v
a
r
io
us
s
pe
e
d
a
nd
tor
que
f
or
t
rip
l
e
p
h
a
s
e
sag
s
,
do
u
b
l
e
p
ha
se
s
ags
an
d
si
n
g
le-
phase
s
a
g
,
bu
t
t
h
e
resul
t
s
d
i
d
n
o
t
e
va
lua
t
e
b
y
s
t
a
ndar
d
c
urve
a
va
ila
bl
e
[3].
S
tud
i
e
d
e
ffe
c
t
s
o
f
u
ns
ym
me
tric
al
s
a
g
(
T
ypes
:
B
,
C
and
D
)
on
spe
e
d
a
nd
torq
ue
h
ave
bee
n
car
ried
o
u
t
b
y
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
.
T
he
m
agn
i
tu
des
de
pe
nd
o
n
c
o
n
t
ro
l
me
t
h
o
d
tha
t
u
sed
i
n
V
S
D
[
4].
Invest
i
g
a
tio
n
beha
v
i
or
o
f
di
o
d
es
r
e
c
tif
i
e
r
c
u
rrent
a
nd
se
ns
i
t
i
v
it
y
o
f
V
S
D
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
ca
rried o
u
t
t
hrou
g
h
e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
a
l
tes
t [
5
]. D
iode
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r t
o
c
o
n
d
u
ct
c
ur
r
e
nt to
D
C
b
us
vo
l
tage
m
ay i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
V
S
D
pe
rform
a
nc
es
w
as
i
n
v
e
s
tiga
t
e
d
.
Re
sul
t
w
as
a
na
ly
ze
d
unde
r
v
o
ltage
s
a
g
s
o
f
T
y
p
e
A
and
Ty
pe
C
.
Inves
t
i
g
a
tio
n s
u
sc
e
p
t
i
bil
t
y of
V
S
D
has been
r
epor
t
e
d a
l
so
i
n [6
].
T
h
e
res
ul
ts
w
ere
p
r
e
s
en
t
e
d i
n
se
n
si
t
i
ve
c
urve
for
dro
p
ou
t
a
n
d
eva
l
u
a
t
e
d
w
it
h S
E
MI F
47 c
u
r
v
e.
Th
is
s
t
u
dy
is
t
o
i
nve
st
i
g
ate
r
i
d
e
t
hr
ou
g
h
o
f
V
S
D
c
a
used
by
vo
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
Types
I
,
I
I
and
I
I
I.
E
ffect
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
t
y
p
es
a
re
p
re
sen
t
ed
i
n
susc
e
p
ti
b
i
l
ity
c
ur
v
e
s
f
o
r
di
sr
up
t
i
o
n
a
nd
dro
p
o
ut
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s.
T
he
c
urves
resul
t
ed
a
re
com
par
e
d w
ith i
m
m
unit
y
sta
n
d
a
r
d
cur
ve pr
o
p
o
se
d.
2.
VOLTAGE
S
AG CLASSIF
I
CATIO
N
AN
D SU
S
C
E
P
TIB
I
LIT
Y
S
TANDAR
D
CU
R
V
E
2.1.
V
ol
t
a
ge sag
cl
assific
a
t
i
on
V
o
l
t
age
sa
g is
r
educ
e
d
vol
ta
g
e
i
n r
oot me
a
n squ
a
re (rm
s) from
9
0% d
ow
n to
1
0
% o
f
n
om
i
n
al vo
l
tage
t
h
at
l
a
s
t
fro
m
0.5
c
y
c
l
e
s
un
t
i
l
on
e
mi
nut
e
[7
].
D
u
r
a
t
ion
sa
g
i
s
defi
ne
d
a
s
be
g
in v
ol
ta
ge sa
g
oc
c
urs un
ti
l
t
h
e end
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
.
I
n
s
om
e
pa
pers,
vo
l
t
age
sa
gs
a
r
e
a
lso
m
e
n
t
io
ne
d
vo
ltage
d
ip
s.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ags
are
one
o
f
m
o
st
fre
que
nc
y
d
i
st
urba
nces
i
n
po
w
e
r
syste
m
a
n
d
it
ma
y
c
onse
que
nce
o
f
sh
or
t
circ
u
i
t
fa
u
lt
and
sw
it
c
h
ing
on
o
f
large
m
o
tors.
Ma
gn
i
t
u
d
e
a
n
d
dura
t
ion
ar
e
ma
i
n
c
ha
rac
t
e
r
istic
s
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
gs.
Ano
t
her
cha
r
ac
ter
i
s
t
ic
s
a
r
e
symm
etrica
l,
u
nsym
me
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
pha
se
s
h
i
ft,
p
o
i
n
t
o
n
w
a
ve
o
f
sag
i
n
itia
ti
o
n
,
e
t
c.
T
he
c
ha
ra
c
t
e
r
is
t
i
c
s
i
nfl
u
enc
e
d
on perform
anc
e
of equipm
ent.
S
o
me
a
u
t
ho
rs
c
l
a
ssi
f
y
vo
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s
i
nto
f
our
t
yp
e
s
i
.e.
A,
B
,
C
a
n
d
D
[
8
]
.
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
s
c
a
n
b
e
a
l
s
o
ca
t
e
g
o
rize
d
i
n
s
e
v
e
n
t
ype
s
na
m
e
ly
t
ype
s
A
,
B
,
C,
D
,
E,
F
a
nd
G
[9
].
T
h
e
se
c
at
e
g
o
r
i
z
a
t
ion
s
b
ased
o
n
di
ff
ere
n
t
sag
ma
g
n
it
ud
e
for
ea
c
h
phas
e
s
an
d
phase
a
ng
le
s
h
i
f
t
.
M
o
re
s
im
pl
e
cl
a
ssi
fi
cat
io
n
was
do
c
u
me
nt
ed
i
n
[
1
0
]
,
[1
1]
b
ec
ome
s
t
hre
e
t
ype
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
Ty
pe
I
,
Type
I
I
a
n
d
T
ype
I
II
a
nd
d
isp
l
aye
d
s
uc
h
as
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
m
m
e
trical
s
ag is r
e
pre
s
e
n
t
e
d by
T
ype I
II w
here
as Type
s
I
and
I
I
r
epre
sent u
ns
ymm
e
tric
al v
o
l
tage
s
a
g
s.
F
i
gure
1. V
ol
ta
ge
sag
t
y
p
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
690
–
6
96
69
2
2.2.
Su
s
c
e
p
t
ibil
i
t
y of
s
tan
d
ard
c
u
rve
s
S
u
scep
ti
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
t
h
e
dri
v
e
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
a
g
s
is
c
om
mon
l
y
pr
esen
te
d
in
t
he
f
orm
vol
ta
ge
t
olera
n
c
e
curve
or
s
usc
e
p
t
i
bi
l
i
t
y
c
urve
.
I
T
IC,
inform
ati
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
nd
u
s
t
r
y
c
oun
ci
l
po
wer
i
s
c
u
r
v
e
w
hi
ch
p
res
e
nt
s
susce
p
t
i
b
il
i
t
y
of
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
t
o
v
o
l
t
age
d
i
s
t
ur
bance
[1
2].
SEMI
F
47
is
t
h
e
f
irs
t
t
im
e
pr
op
oses
s
usc
e
p
t
i
b
i
li
ty
spec
ific
c
urve
t
o
vo
l
t
age
sa
gs
[
13].
The
cur
v
e
has
be
e
n
u
s
e
d
b
y
s
om
e
resear
cher
s
am
on
g
of
f
ou
n
d
i
n
[3,
5]
.
ITIC
a
nd
S
E
M
I
F
47
is
d
e
p
ic
t
e
d
j
o
in
tly
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
2.
L
as
t
susce
p
t
i
bi
li
ty
c
urve
s
for
t
h
ree
phas
e
l
o
a
d
aga
i
ns
t
v
o
lta
ge
s
ags
Ty
pes
I,
I
I
and
III
a
r
e
p
r
o
pose
d
i
n
[
11]
.
V
o
l
t
ag
e
sag
Ty
pe
I
a
nd
Ty
pe
II
have
s
i
m
ila
r
sha
p
e
tem
p
l
a
t
e
w
he
rea
s
T
ype
III
i
s diffe
re
nt.
F
i
gure
2.
I
TIC a
nd S
E
MI
F
47
curve
s
3.
TESTING OF VARI
A
B
LE
S
PEED DRIV
E
A
t
h
ree
ph
as
e
VS
D
wi
t
h
r
at
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
1
.
5k
W
,
vol
t
a
g
e
o
f
41
5
V
,
o
pe
rat
i
n
g
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
5
0
/
60H
z
and
1.1
k
W
i
nd
uc
ti
o
n
m
ot
o
r
a
s
load.
La
b
o
r
a
tory
t
es
tin
g
w
a
s
c
a
rr
ie
d
ou
t
i
n
U
n
i
ve
r
s
i
t
i
M
a
la
ys
i
a
P
er
l
i
s
(U
niMA
P
)
.
P
hot
o
g
rap
h
o
f
a
n
V
S
D
t
esti
ng
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
uc
h
a
s
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
w
h
i
c
h
a
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s
o
t
h
e
r
a
r
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
mp
ut
er
(
PC
)
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
djust
i
n
g
c
h
ara
c
t
e
ri
st
i
c
v
olt
a
g
e
s
ag
d
es
i
r
ed
a
nd
pow
er
qua
l
i
t
y
a
na
lyz
e
r
(
P
QA
)
to
obs
erve
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g
var
i
a
t
i
on.
F
i
gure
3.
P
hot
ogra
ph o
f
V
S
D
t
est
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ride thr
o
ugh testing
of variable s
p
eed dr
ive
due
to
voltage sag
t
y
pes (
T
ypes I,
I
I
and
III) (
Surya Hardi)
69
3
The
V
S
D
get
sup
p
l
y
fr
om
vol
tage
s
a
g
g
e
n
er
a
t
or
(
V
S
G)
S
h
a
ff
ner
21
0
0
E
M
C
.
T
e
s
t
i
n
g
i
s
s
t
a
r
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
vo
l
t
age
sa
gs
o
f
7
0
%
u
n
t
i
l
0
%
of
nomi
n
a
l
v
o
l
tage
a
n
d
r
educ
e
d
by
m
u
l
t
ip
les
of
2
.
5
%
.
S
ag
dur
at
i
on
w
a
s
set
be
g
i
nn
i
ng
fr
o
m
20
m
ill
isec
on
ds
(
ms)
and
un
t
i
l
1
0
0
0
m
s
w
i
t
h
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
m
e
o
f
1
0
m
s.
V
S
D
r
espons
es
i
s
r
ecor
d
ed,
t
h
ere
are
thre
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
s
m
a
y
be
o
ccur
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
V
S
D
i
s
s
u
ppli
e
d
by
v
olt
a
g
e
s
a
g
s
v
i
z.
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
e
ffe
c
t
,
i
t
m
e
a
n
s
t
h
e
VS
D
sti
ll
norm
a
l
o
p
e
rati
on.
A
d
is
rup
tio
n,
i
t
m
ea
ns
c
o
nne
c
t
ion
m
o
t
o
r
w
i
t
h
V
S
D
i
s
di
sco
n
n
ec
t
i
ng
f
or
a
m
ome
n
t
,
i
t
is
i
nd
ic
ate
d
by
t
h
e
V
S
D
i
n
dica
t
o
r
lam
p
i
s
of
f
a
n
d
V
S
D
ca
n
r
e
star
t
fa
st
l
y
i
f
t
h
e
vo
l
t
age
r
e
tur
n
s
to
nor
m
a
l.
A
d
r
o
p
out
i
s
i
n
dic
a
te
d
by
c
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
be
tw
e
e
n
the
V
S
D
a
nd
m
o
tor
i
n
ter
r
up
t
e
d
,
the
n
m
o
t
o
r
spe
e
d
s
s
l
ow
d
ow
n
un
t
il
s
t
o
p
a
nd
n
e
e
d
m
anua
l
l
y
r
estar
t
t
o
op
er
ate.
T
est
i
ng
pr
oce
dur
e
is
d
epic
te
d
by
a
f
l
o
w
c
ha
r
t
a
s
show
n
in
F
igur
e
4
.
F
i
gure
4. F
low c
h
art for VSD
t
e
stin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
690
–
6
96
69
4
4.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
DISCU
SSIO
N
Th
is
p
ar
t
di
sc
uses
t
e
s
t
i
ng
re
su
lt
s
of
t
hr
ee
ty
pe
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
g
s
(
Types
I,
II
an
d
I
I
I)
on
t
h
e
VSD
in
d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
on
c
ond
iti
on
and
d
r
op
o
ut
.
To
i
n
v
e
st
i
g
at
e,
d
at
a
re
co
rd
e
d
(d
isru
p
tio
n
a
n
d
drop
o
u
t
)
are
pl
otte
d
b
y
gree
n a
n
d
re
d li
ne
s w
i
t
h
in
t
e
m
pla
t
e
o
f
s
usc
e
pt
i
b
il
i
t
y cur
v
e
re
c
om
ende
d.
4.1.
Effe
ct
o
f v
o
lt
age
sa
g
T
y
p
e
I
S
u
scep
ti
b
i
l
i
ty
c
urve
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
v
o
lta
ge
s
a
g
T
y
p
e
I
i
s
d
is
pl
a
y
ed
i
n
F
i
g
ure
5.
T
he
v
o
lta
ge
s
ag
c
ause
s
the V
S
D
di
sr
upt
i
on on
l
y
. In vol
tage
s
a
g
ty
p
e
I
, one pha
se o
n
l
y
vo
l
t
a
g
e
d
ro
p
s
a
nd
t
wo
p
ha
se
s
mag
n
i
t
ude
o
th
er
do
n
o
t
cha
n
ge
.
Th
is
h
as
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
d
i
o
de
b
e
h
avi
o
rs
t
o
c
o
nd
uct
cu
rr
en
t
t
o
c
ha
rge
dc
b
us
c
apac
it
or,
as
d
e
s
crib
e
d
i
n
[
5
]
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
s
a
g
,
d
i
o
d
e
s
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
i
n
o
t
h
e
r
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
e
a
r
e
f
o
r
w
a
rd
b
ia
se
d
so
t
he
y
w
ill
c
h
arge
t
he
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
ors.
The
V
S
D
star
ts
f
or
d
isru
p
tio
n
w
i
th
d
urat
io
n
of
8
0m
s
a
n
d
57
%
vo
l
tage
s
ag.
Th
ose
va
l
u
es
a
r
e
t
hr
esh
o
l
d
va
lues
f
o
r
d
u
r
at
ion
an
d
ma
gn
itu
d
e
o
f
sa
gs,
re
sp
ect
iv
el
y
.
I
t
can
b
e
se
e
n
t
h
a
t
c
u
r
v
e
l
i
n
e
s
i
n
op
e
r
at
i
on
are
a
f
ro
m
dura
t
i
o
n
of
8
0
m
s
unt
il
2
0
0
m
s
.
It
m
e
a
ns,
i
f
t
he
V
S
D
w
a
s
s
up
p
l
i
e
d
b
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
gs
i
n
ra
n
g
es
5
7.
5%
t
o
5
0
%
of
nomi
n
a
l
v
o
lta
g
e
,
i
t
m
a
y
d
isru
pti
on w
ith d
ur
a
tio
n
i
n
r
a
nge
s 80m
s
t
o 20
0m
s.
F
i
gur
e 5.
S
usc
e
pt
i
b
il
i
t
y
curve
c
a
used
by
Typ
e
I
4.2.
Effe
ct
o
f v
o
lt
age
sa
g
T
y
p
e
II
A
S
D
w
a
s
sub
j
ec
t
e
d
to
v
o
l
tag
e
s
ags
a
r
e
displa
ye
d
i
n
F
ig
ure
6.
T
y
pe
II
d
e
pic
t
s
tw
o
p
h
a
s
e
s
v
o
l
tag
e
d
r
o
p
a
n
d
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
l
e
s
h
i
f
t
,
w
h
i
l
e
o
n
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
t
h
e
r
i
s
n
o
t
cha
nge
.
It
c
a
n
c
au
se
t
he
V
SD
d
isrup
tio
n
an
d
dro
p
o
ut a
lso.
Ma
g
n
i
tu
de an
d
dura
t
ion sa
gs re
q
u
i
r
e
d to dr
o
p o
u
t
a
re dee
pe
r and l
o
n
g
er
t
h
a
n disru
p
t
i
o
n. T
his i
s
corr
espo
n
d
in
g
to
[
4]
,
sta
t
e
d
t
hat
mos
t
t
he
e
qu
i
p
me
nt
w
il
l
tri
p
w
h
e
n
i
t
is
s
up
p
l
i
e
d
b
y
l
ow
e
r
m
a
gnitu
d
e
a
nd
l
o
n
g
du
ra
ti
on
.
Th
e
VSD
s
t
art
s
t
o
di
srupt
a
t
6
0
%
o
f
r
at
ed
v
olt
a
g
e
a
nd
80
ms
dur
atio
n
w
h
ere
a
s
to
d
ro
p
ou
t
at
vo
lta
ge
o
f
2
7
.5%
a
n
d
dura
t
i
o
n
o
f
2
30ms.
D
r
ops
o
u
t
c
ur
ve
r
esu
l
t
e
d
i
s
w
e
l
l
b
e
lo
w
op
era
t
io
n
a
r
ea
,
th
is
can
exp
l
a
i
n t
h
a
t
t
h
e
VS
D
ha
s
goo
d im
muni
t
y
ag
a
i
n
st sa
g
T
ype
I
I
t
o
d
ro
p ou
t.
F
i
gure
6.
S
usce
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y c
u
rve
cause
d
b
y
Typ
e
II
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ride through te
sting
of
v
a
riable s
p
eed
dr
i
v
e
due
to v
o
ltage
sag ty
pes
(T
y
p
es I, II
and III)
(Surya Hardi)
69
5
4.3.
Effe
ct
o
f v
o
lt
age
sa
g
T
y
p
e
III
S
u
sc
e
p
t
i
bi
lit
y
c
u
r
v
e
s
c
a
u
s
ed
b
y
vo
lt
ag
e
s
a
gs
T
yp
e
III
h
a
ve
b
ee
n
p
lo
t
t
e
d
s
hu
ch
a
s
i
n
F
i
gure
7.
T
he
F
i
gure
s
how
s
t
h
e
V
S
D
in
d
is
rup
t
i
o
n
an
d
dr
op
out
c
on
d
iti
ons.
T
h
e
V
S
D
i
s
m
o
re
s
usce
pt
i
b
l
e
t
han
tw
o
t
y
pe
sags
o
ther
.
Th
i
s
i
s
be
ca
use
v
o
lta
ge
s
a
g
s
Ty
pe
I
I
I
r
e
s
ul
t
s
i
n
dr
op
al
l
t
h
ree
p
h
ase
s
.
Th
e
con
s
eq
ue
n
c
es
d
i
o
des
bri
dge rec
ti
fie
r
s w
e
re reve
r
se bi
a
sed s
o
t
he
re
is n
o
c
harg
in
g
o
n
dc bus ca
p
a
c
ita
nce
d
u
rin
g
vo
l
t
age
sag. It
star
t
s
to
d
isr
u
p
t
a
n
d
d
ro
p
ou
t
w
h
ile
w
as
s
upp
l
i
ed
by
70%
a
nd
6
0
%
o
f
n
o
mi
n
a
l
vo
lt
ag
e,
r
e
s
p
e
ct
iv
ely
.
T
h
e
f
as
t
e
st
dura
t
i
o
n
tha
t
c
a
u
ses
t
h
e
V
S
D
disr
u
p
t
i
o
n
a
nd
dro
p
o
u
t
i
s
80m
s
a
n
d
2
1
0
m
s
,
re
spe
c
ti
v
e
ly.
N
e
ve
rt
he
l
e
ss,
t
he
A
S
D
is ca
t
egor
ize
d
ha
s
h
ig
h
im
m
u
n
i
t
y
c
las
s
to dr
op
o
u
t
.
F
i
gure
7.
S
usce
pt
ibi
l
ity
c
urve
c
a
u
se
d b
y
T
ype
III
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Test
in
g
has be
en
c
a
rried ou
t
on
A
S
D
due t
o
vo
l
t
a
g
e sag
T
ype
s
I,
II
and
III.
The
r
e
sul
t
s are
pr
esente
d
in
t
w
o
c
on
d
iti
on
v
iz.
sus
cep
ti
b
ili
t
y
c
ur
v
e
s
in
d
isr
u
pti
o
n
a
n
d
d
ro
p
o
u
t.
S
usc
e
p
t
i
b
il
i
t
y
of
t
he
V
S
D
f
or
t
he
con
d
i
t
i
on
s
ar
e
depe
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
ype
s
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
s
a
ppl
ie
d.
V
olt
age
sags
r
equ
i
red
for
t
h
e
V
S
D
disrup
tion
a
r
e
57.5
%
,
60%
a
nd
70%
o
f
n
o
m
inal
v
o
l
tage
f
or
T
y
p
es
I
,
II
a
nd
Ty
pe
III
,
r
es
p
e
c
t
iv
el
y
.
I
mmu
n
i
t
y
l
ev
el
o
f
th
e
V
S
D
is low
es
t w
h
en i
t w
a
s su
pp
l
i
e
d
vo
l
t
a
ge sa
g
s Ty
pe III
and it
dro
ps o
ut a
t v
o
l
t
a
g
e sag of 6
0% a
nd du
ra
tio
n
of
2
3
0
ms.
V
o
lt
age
sag
T
y
pe
I
c
a
u
se
s
t
h
e
V
S
D
disru
p
t
i
o
n
o
nl
y
a
t
du
rat
i
on
o
f
8
0
m
s.
E
v
e
nt
hou
gh
a
f
e
w
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
po
int
s
a
r
e
i
n
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
are
a
,
it
ca
use
s
d
i
s
rup
t
i
o
n
o
n
l
y
,
ther
ef
or
e
t
h
e
V
S
D
ha
s
h
i
g
h
i
mm
un
i
t
y
to
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ags.
The
su
sc
e
p
tib
il
ity
c
urve
s s
h
o
w
a
l
m
ost simi
l
a
r
pattern.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
W
e
a
re
v
ery
grat
e
f
ul
t
o
Un
ive
r
si
ti
M
al
ay
si
a
Pe
rl
i
s
(
Un
i
M
AP)
wh
o
p
ro
vi
ded
la
borat
ory
faci
li
ty
f
or
th
i
s
r
esea
rch.
REF
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1]
M.
H
.
R
as
h
i
d “
P
o
w
er Electro
ni
cs
Ci
r
cuits,
Dev
i
ces
a
nd
Ap
p
licati
o
n
”
.
4
rd
E
d
ition,
2
0
14.
Prentice
Hal
l
, 20
1
4
.
[2]
M
.
H
.
J
Bollen
and
L.
D
.
Zhang.
,
"A
n
a
ly
sis
of
V
o
l
tag
e
T
o
l
erance
o
f
AC
A
dj
u
s
table-S
p
eed
D
riv
e
s
f
o
r
Th
re
e-P
h
ase
Ba
l
a
nced
and
Un
b
al
anced S
ag
s,"
IEE
E
T
r
an
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
s
t
ry
Ap
p
lic
at
io
ns
,
vo
l
.
36
(
3
)
, p
p.
90
4
-
91
0, 20
0
0
.
[3]
S.
Z.
D
jokic
et
a
l
,
"S
ens
i
t
i
vit
y
o
f
AC
A
d
j
ust
a
bl
e
Sp
eed
D
ri
ves
to
V
oltage
S
ags
an
d
Short
Int
e
rrupt
ions
,
"
IEEE
transac
t
ion
s
on
Power
De
livery
,
p
p
:
49
4-50
5
,
2005
.
.
[4]
M
.
P
Pe
t
r
o
n
i
j
e
v
i
ć
,
et a
l
.
,
"Com
p
a
rat
i
v
e
s
tu
dy
of
U
ns
ymm
e
tri
cal
V
oltag
e
S
ag
E
ffects
o
n
A
dju
s
ta
b
l
e
Sp
e
e
d
I
nd
u
c
ti
on
Motor
Dri
v
es,"
I
E
T
Elect
r
i
c
Pow
e
r App
l
ication
s
, p
p.
432
-44
2
,
2010.
[5]
S.
H
a
r
d
i
,
et al
.
,
"
Adj
u
s
t
able
S
pe
ed
D
rives
Res
pons
e
t
o
V
olt
a
ge
S
ags
,
"
A
pplied
Mecha
n
i
c
s
an
d Ma
teri
a
l
s,
vo
l.
3
6
7
,
pp.
1
7
1
-1
80,
2013
.
[6]
L.E
.
W
e
l
d
e
m
a
riam
,
et
a
l.
,
"
Ex
pe
ri
mental
I
nves
t
igat
io
n
on
t
h
e
S
en
sitivi
t
y
of
a
n
Industr
i
al
P
roces
s
to
V
o
ltage
S
ags,"
Pro
ceedi
ng
o
f
IEEE
Ein
dho
ven P
o
wer
T
ech
, pp
.
1
-6, 20
1
5
.
[7]
M
.
H
.
J.
B
ol
len,
"
Understanding
P
o
wer
Quality
P
r
o
blems:
V
o
ltage
s
ag
a
nd
Interru
pt
ion,
"
IEEE P
o
wer
eng
i
neer
in
g
Seri
es
, New Yor
k
, 20
0
0
.
[8]
E.
S
tyvakt
ai
s,
et a
l
.
,
"
Clas
s
i
ficati
o
n
o
f
P
o
w
er
S
y
s
t
e
m
E
v
ent
s
:
V
o
ltage
D
i
p
s
,
”
Ha
rm
o
n
i
c
s
an
d Qu
a
lity
of Pow
e
r.
IEEE
Pr
oceed
ings.
9
t
h
In
ter
natio
na
l Co
n
f
erence
,
vol.
2,
p
p:
7
4
5
-7
49
,
2
0
0
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
690
–
6
96
69
6
[9]
P
e
d
r
a
J
.
F
elip
e
Có
rcol
es,
and
Su
elves
F.J
.
,
"Effects
of
B
al
a
n
ce
d
and
U
nbal
a
nced
V
oltage
S
ags
o
n
o
n
V
S
I-FED
Adj
u
stable Speed D
r
i
ves,"
.
IEEE
Tr
ansa
c
ti
ons
o
n
P
o
wer
Deli
very,
v
o
l
. 20
,
n
o
. 1
,
p
p
. 22
4
-
23
3,
20
0
5.
[10]
M.
H
.J.
Bo
l
l
en
,
et
al
.
,
"
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
D
i
p
s
I
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
I
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
M
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
t
o
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
)
,
"
.
Har
m
on
i
c
s and
Power Q
u
a
lit
y
of
P
o
wer (IC
H
Q
P)
,
I
EEE 15
t
h
Int
e
r
n
ational Con
f
e
r
ence
,
pp
.
9
15-919
,
2
012
.
[11]
I
E
E
E
P
1
6
6
8
™
.
I
E
E
E
T
r
i
a
l
-
U
s
e
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
f
o
r
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
a
g
and
S
hort
Interrup
t
i
on
Rid
e
-T
hroug
h
Testing
f
o
r
End-
Use Electr
i
cal Equ
ip
m
e
nt
R
a
t
ed Less
th
an 1
00
0
V
.
20
14
.
[12]
G.
T
Hey
dt
,
et al
., "Po
wer
Aceptab
i
l
t
y
,
".
IEEE
Power E
n
g
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
Revi
ew
,
pp
.
1
2
-1
5,
2
00
1.
[13]
S
E
M
I
F
4
7
-0
20
0
,
"
S
p
ecif
i
catio
n
f
o
r
S
e
mico
nd
ucto
r
P
r
o
cess
i
n
g
E
q
u
i
pme
n
t
Vo
lta
ge
S
a
g
I
mmu
nity
,
"
Ava
ila
bl
e f
r
om:
htt
p
:
//www.s
e
mi.or
g
/p
ub
s
/
semipubs
.nsf.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
S
u
rya
H
a
rd
i
recei
ved
th
e
Bach
el
or
d
egree
f
r
o
m
U
ni
versit
as
S
u
m
a
t
era
Ut
ara
(US
U
),
M
as
t
e
r
d
e
gree
f
rom
Insti
t
u
t
e
of
B
and
ung
Tech
nol
og
y
(ITB)
a
nd
P
h.
D
degr
ee
f
rom
Universi
ti
M
al
aysia
P
e
rlis
(
UniMA
P
).
H
is
r
es
earc
h
i
nt
erest
i
n
cl
udes:
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
,
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
em
a
n
d
p
ow
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
g
rou
nding
,
and
h
i
gh
vol
tage
e
ng
in
ee
ring
.
H
e
i
s
a
s
e
ni
or
lectu
r
er
a
t
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
o
f
E
l
ectri
cal E
ng
ineeri
n
g
, US
U
, Indo
nesi
a.
Raj
a
H
arahap
r
ecei
ved
t
h
e
Bac
h
el
or
d
e
g
ree
f
r
o
m
U
niv
e
rsit
as
I
s
l
a
m
Su
m
a
t
e
ra
U
tara
(
UISU
),
M
a
st
er
d
egree
from
In
stitu
t
e
of
B
andu
ng
T
echno
lo
gy
(ITB).
He
i
s
a
s
en
ior
lect
urer
a
t
D
e
partm
e
n
t
o
f
electri
cal
e
n
g
in
eerin
g,
U
SU,
In
d
o
nes
i
a.
H
is
r
esea
rch
i
n
t
e
rest
i
nc
l
u
d
e
s;
power
el
ectron
i
c an
d mach
in
es.
S
a
i
d
A
hm
ad,
g
r
ad
uat
e
d
Bach
elo
r
d
eg
ree
f
r
om
U
nivers
it
as
I
slam
S
u
m
a
tera
U
tara
(
UISU).
H
e
is
a
m
a
st
er
s
tudent
a
t
Uni
v
ersitas
Sum
a
t
e
ra
U
t
a
ra
(
USU)
a
nd
w
o
rks
a
s
S
ta
ff
P
T.
I
NALUM-
In
don
esi
a
. His
r
e
s
earch
i
nt
erest
are po
wer el
ectron
i
c d
r
iv
e and
p
ow
er qu
a
l
i
t
y
.
M
u
z
a
m
i
r
Isa
recei
ved
D.S
c
(
Tech.)(H
ig
h
V
o
l
t
age
Eng
.
)
(Aal
to
U
n
i
ve
rs
ity
,
F
i
n
la
nd
)
M.
En
g.
(E
lect.
E
n
g)
(
KUiTTHO
&
FH
K
ol
n,
G
erm
a
ny,
B.E
n
g.
(
Hons
.
)
(
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
-
Pow
e
r)
(UTM)
.
H
e
i
s
a A
ss
oci
a
te P
ro
fes
o
r a
t
S
cho
o
l
of
e
lectri
cal en
g
ineerin
g,
U
n
iM
A
P
, M
a
l
aysia.
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