Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
1805
~
1815
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp18
05
-
1815
1805
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Se
l
ection
the
opti
mum pla
ce
of FA
CTS
de
vices
usin
g
f
uzzy
contr
ol system
Jaw
ad
Ham
ad H
ameed
, Ha
meed
Ali M
ohammed
, Amer
T. Saeed
Depa
rtment
o
f
P
et
rol
eum
Sys
tem
s Control
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
Coll
ege of
Petroleum
Pro
c
esses E
ngineeri
n
g
Ti
krit Unive
rsi
ty
,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
13
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
A
pr
2
6
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
un
24
, 20
20
In
thi
s
pap
er,
the
volt
ag
e
stab
il
i
ty
of
the
pow
er
sys
te
m
is
studi
ed
d
uring
fau
l
t
condi
ti
ons
.
Enh
anc
e
me
nt
of
th
e
sys
tem’s
st
ab
il
it
y
wi
ll
be
achie
ved
by
uti
lizing
Flexi
b
l
e
AC
tra
nsm
ission
sys
te
ms
(FA
CTS)
cont
ro
llers
at
th
e
best
pla
c
e
in
the
sys
te
m.
Th
e
op
ti
m
u
m
pl
acem
en
t
of
FA
CTS
cont
rollers
oc
cur
red
on
the
most
aff
ec
t
ed
bus
by
th
e
fau
lt
in
th
e
s
ystem
(we
ake
st
bus).
Two
appr
oac
h
es
hav
e
be
en
used
in
thi
s
study
to
eff
ectively
obt
a
in
the
best
loc
a
ti
on
of
th
e
FA
CTS
cont
roller
s in
the
sys
te
m
.
The
first me
thod
is ba
sed
on
com
puti
ng
th
e
d
evi
a
ti
on
whi
ch
o
cc
urs
in
th
e
ac
t
iv
e
power
and
reac
ti
ve
power
due
to
th
e
fau
lt
at
e
ac
h
lo
ad
bus
at
a
ti
m
e.
Wherea
s
the
se
cond
me
thod
is
per
forme
d
throu
gh
expl
oi
ti
ng
a
MA
TL
AB
fuz
zy
set
t
ec
hn
ique
u
t
il
izing
two
indi
c
es:
Li
ne
Fl
ow
Inde
x
(L
FI)
and
Vol
ta
ge
Pro
fil
e
Inde
x
(VP
I)
during
f
aul
t
and
ste
ady
-
state
conditions.
Th
e
resul
ts
show
tha
t
both
of
th
ese
ind
ic
es
result
ed
in
the
s
am
e
bus
as
the
b
est
lo
ca
t
ion.
Re
me
di
al
actions
i
n
the
a
tt
e
mpt
at
im
prov
ing
in
th
e
stabilit
y
o
f
th
e
power
sys
te
m
ar
e
d
iscussed
t
aki
ng
the
adva
nt
age
o
f
using
FA
CTS
com
pensa
ti
on
S
VC
and
STATC
OM
at
th
e
most
vuln
era
bl
e
sys
te
m
buses.
In
thi
s
work,
MA
TL
AB
progra
m
wi
th
a
n
IEE
E
24
bus sys
te
m
is e
x
amined.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
CI
Fu
zz
y
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
ms
LFI
STA
TC
O
M
SV
C
VP
I
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Jawa
d
H
ama
d Hamee
d
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Petrole
um
Sy
st
ems Co
ntr
ol E
ng
i
neer
i
ng,
Coll
ege
of
Petr
oleum P
ro
ces
s
es Enginee
rin
g,
Tikrit U
nive
rsi
ty, Ira
q
.
Emai
l:
ja
wad2
007200
3@gm
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
c
urren
t
yea
rs,
due
to
th
e
fact
that
inc
re
asi
ng
of
powe
r
dema
nd
an
d
li
mit
ing
the
e
xp
a
ns
i
on
of
the
power
generati
ng
un
it
s
a
nd
tra
ns
missi
on
li
nes
becaus
e
of
e
nvir
onm
ental
an
d
eco
nomic
reas
on
s
,
sever
al
transmissi
on
li
nes
a
re
reachi
ng
to
t
heir
li
mit
s
an
d
th
e
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
s
enter
to
i
ns
t
abili
ty
pro
ble
ms.
In
pr
i
nciple,
the
el
ect
rical
sy
ste
m
must
delive
r
tru
stw
or
th
y
powe
r
to
the
c
on
s
ume
r,
t
her
e
fore
the
reli
abili
ty
of
the
syst
em
m
ust
be
im
proved
by
tra
ns
fe
rr
i
ng
the
powe
r
t
o
places
of
us
e
.
Numer
ous
devel
op
e
d
met
ho
ds
ha
ve
been
la
un
c
he
d
in
te
rms
of
a
s
upport
s
ys
te
m.
As
a
res
ult,
syst
em
sta
bili
ty
be
comes
a v
er
y
chall
eng
i
ng
pr
ob
le
m
that
mu
st
be
c
on
si
der
e
d
[1
-
3].
T
he
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
analys
is
is
cru
ci
al
iss
ues
because
un
sta
ble
volt
age
le
ads
to
the
co
mp
le
t
e
or
par
ti
al
i
nt
errup
ti
on
of
t
he
powe
r
sy
ste
m.
Als
o,
t
he
Re
act
ive
powe
r
plays
a
si
gn
i
ficant
r
ole
in
the
co
ns
ta
nc
y
of
the
pow
er
sy
ste
m
[
4
,
5].
The
fail
ure
of
t
he
po
wer
sy
ste
m
to
e
nc
ounter
t
he
de
man
ds
reacti
ve
po
wer
in
the
hi
gh
l
oa
d
syst
ems,
it
is
on
e
of
t
he
main
reas
ons
f
or
the
i
ns
ta
bili
ty
of
volt
ages
in
the
sy
ste
m.
The
only
way
t
o
s
olv
e
these
pro
bl
ems
is
to
decre
ase
reacti
ve
powe
r
loa
d
or
i
ncr
ease
extra
r
eact
ive
powe
r
be
f
or
e
r
eachin
g
to
coll
apse
po
i
nt
[
6
,
7].
Re
centl
y
w
it
h
the
e
vo
l
ution
in
c
on
t
ro
l
t
heor
y,
in
ad
diti
on
t
o
the
el
ect
r
on
ic
r
evo
l
ution
witn
essed
by
the
w
or
l
d,
w
hich
ha
ve
al
lo
we
d
t
he
desi
gn
a
nd
im
plementat
io
n
moder
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
18
05
–
18
15
1806
con
t
ro
ll
ers
kn
own
as
Fle
xibl
e
A.
C
T
ra
nsmi
ssion
S
ys
te
m
(
FA
CTS
).
The
FA
CT
S
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
are
pr
ima
rily
employe
d
for
so
lvi
ng
nume
r
ou
s
po
wer
sys
te
m
co
ntr
ol
pr
ob
le
m
s.
H
ow
e
ver,
m
oder
n
st
ud
ie
s
sho
w
th
at
the
po
s
sibil
it
ie
s
of
empl
oyin
g
F
ACTS
c
ontr
ollers
to
dev
el
op
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
sta
bili
ty
in
s
up
plement
to
t
he
ir
co
re
functi
on
of
power
flo
w
c
on
t
ro
l.
Als
o,
F
A
CTS
de
vices
cou
l
d
be
use
d
to
imp
r
ov
e
volt
age
prof
il
e,
powe
r
t
ran
smissi
on
c
apacit
y,
a
nd
e
nh
a
ncin
g
pow
er
syst
em
sta
bi
li
ty
wh
ic
h
is
a
su
it
able
co
ntr
ol
strat
eg
y
to
e
nh
a
nc
e
diff
e
re
nt
sy
ste
m
perf
or
ma
nc
es
su
c
h
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s,
lo
sses
of
the
s
ys
te
m
,
sta
bili
ty,
reli
abili
ty,
secu
rity,
a
nd
powe
r
facto
r
in
dist
rib
ution
s
yst
ems
[1
,
8
-
10
]
.
Alth
ough
t
he
FA
CTS
c
on
t
rol
le
rs
are
e
xpen
sive,
the
y
pro
vi
de
a
and
fast
an
d
s
mooth
re
spo
nse
to
pro
vid
e
st
abili
ty
for
the
powe
r
sy
ste
m
durin
g
the
tra
nsi
ent
and
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
and
al
lo
w
util
i
ti
es
to
run
the
ir
transmissi
on
schemes
e
ve
n
near
e
r
to
thei
r
phy
sic
al
li
mi
ts,
com
par
e
d
with
conve
ntion
al
methods
[
11
-
13]
.
T
he
l
ocati
on
of
F
ACTS
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
on
t
he
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
are
ve
r
y
im
portant
factor
duri
ng
sta
bili
ty
impro
veme
nt
of
the
sy
ste
m.
T
he
r
e
are
nume
rous
te
ch
niques
for
locat
in
g
F
ACTS
dev
ic
es
su
c
h
a
s
co
nting
e
n
c
y
sensiti
vity
in
de
x
(C
SI),
Genet
ic
Algorithm
(GA),
se
ns
it
iv
it
y
ind
e
x,
li
ne
ou
ta
ge
distrib
ution
fac
tor
(L
ODF)
,
a
nd
Partic
le
S
wa
rm
O
ptimi
zat
ion
(
PS
O)
[
14
-
16].
I
n
ord
er
to
imp
r
ov
e
the
volt
age
prof
il
e
in
the
buses
-
reacti
ve
and
act
ive
power
unde
r
div
e
rse
loa
d
in
g
ci
r
cumsta
nces
-
,
F
ACTS
de
vices
with
a
fu
zz
y
sy
ste
m
can
be
us
e
d
a
s
sta
ti
c
co
ntr
ol
le
r
w
hich
le
a
ds
t
o
a
dvance
the
sta
bili
ty
in
power
el
ec
tric
al
sy
ste
ms
[17].
To
ac
hieve
the
sta
bili
ty,
secu
rity
re
qu
i
reme
nt,
co
ntr
ollabil
it
y
and
maxim
um
s
ys
te
m
loa
dab
il
it
y
in
a
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne
of
the
s
ys
te
m
a
re
ac
hi
eved
by
a
n
opt
imal
log
ic
fu
zz
y
P
ID,
a
nd
genet
ic
al
go
rith
m
(GA)
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
de
sign
e
d
f
or
T
hyristor
base
d
F
ACTS
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
[
18].
I
n
[
19]
,
Ge
netic
Algo
rithm
(GA)
is
util
iz
ed
to
fi
nd
the
opti
mal
locat
io
n
of
F
ACTS
de
vi
ce
base
d
on
MATL
AB
progr
am
f
or
sat
isf
yin
g
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
sy
ste
m.
I
n
[
20
,
21]
,
G
rav
it
at
ion
al
searc
h
al
gorith
m
(GSA
)
op
ti
miza
ti
on
m
et
hods
is
pr
ese
nted
f
or
sel
ect
ing
the
op
ti
mal l
ocati
on.
The
ai
m
of
thi
s
pa
pe
r
is
to
se
le
ct
the
best
lo
cat
ion
of
th
e
F
AC
TS
co
ntr
ollers
on
t
he
pow
er
s
ys
te
m
t
o
exp
a
nd
t
he
pe
r
forma
nce
a
nd
sta
bili
ty
of
t
he
syst
em
durin
g
the
ste
ad
y
sta
te
an
d
tra
ns
ie
nt
sta
te
.
T
he
re
a
r
e
tw
o
methods
will
be
us
e
d
to
get
t
he
op
ti
m
um
l
oc
at
ion
of
t
he
F
ACTS
:
the
firs
t
method
is
bas
ed
on
the
c
ompu
ti
n
g
th
e
dev
ia
ti
on
oc
cur
s
on
the
ac
ti
ve
po
wer
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
r
at
l
oa
d
buses
du
e
to
the
fa
ult
at
eac
h
l
oad
bus
at
the
same
ti
me,
wh
e
re
the
bus
has
the
highes
t
dev
ia
ti
on
will
be
co
ns
ide
re
d
the
weak
e
st
bu
s
w
hile
the
bu
s
has
le
ast
dev
ia
ti
on
is
consi
der
e
d
the
m
os
t
r
obust
bu
s
.
T
he
bus
that
is
mo
st
a
ff
ect
ed
duri
ng
the
fa
ult
an
d
ha
s
the
highest
de
viati
on
is
c
on
si
dered
the
weak
es
t
bu
s
a
nd
t
he
op
ti
m
um
placement
f
or
FA
C
TS
co
ntr
oller
in
th
e
sy
ste
m.
T
he
fi
r
st
meth
od
is
ca
ll
ed
the
tra
diti
on
al
met
hod,
wh
ic
h
is
occ
ur
onl
y
duri
ng
tr
ansient
sta
te
c
onditi
on
(f
a
ult).
H
owe
ver,
t
he
sec
on
d
meth
od
is
intel
li
gen
t
method,
ac
hieve
d
by
us
i
ng
a
M
A
TLAB
f
uz
zy
s
et
te
chn
iq
ue
wh
ic
h
a
re
use
d
tw
o
in
dices:
Vo
lt
a
ge
Profile
I
nd
e
x
(
VP
I
a
nd
Li
ne
Flo
w
I
nd
e
x
(L
FI).
It
de
pe
nd
s
on
the
val
ue
of
CI
in
dex,
w
h
e
re
the
bus
wh
ic
h
has
the
hi
gh
e
st
CI
value
is
rankin
g
the
fir
st
and
c
onside
red
t
he
weak
e
st
bus,
a
lso
it
is
co
ns
id
ered
t
he
best
l
ocati
on
of
the
FA
CTS
de
vice
s
in
the
syst
em
.
This
meth
od
can
be
us
e
d durin
g
ste
ady
-
sta
te
and t
ran
sie
nt stat
e (
fau
lt
)
a
s
will
be d
esc
ribe
d
in
t
he next
sect
ion.
2.
FAC
T
S
ALLOC
ATIO
N M
ET
HOD
OL
G
IES
2.1.
Tr
ad
itio
na
l
optimum
FA
C
TS a
ll
oc
at
i
on
meth
odolo
gy
This
met
hod
i
s
cal
le
d
a
tra
di
ti
on
al
meth
od.
It
is
based
on
c
ompu
ti
ng
t
he
dev
ia
ti
on
oc
cur
s
in
the
par
a
mete
rs
of
each
loa
d
bu
s
(
act
ive
powe
r
a
nd
reacti
ve
power)
due
to
t
he
fau
lt
at
each
l
oad
bus
on
e
at
a
ti
me.
The
dev
ia
ti
on
of
t
hese
par
a
m
et
ers
can
be
c
ompu
te
d
by
(
1
)
an
d
(
2)
belo
w,
w
her
e
t
he
l
oad
bus
t
hat
ha
s
the
highest
de
viati
on
will
be
co
nsi
der
e
d
the
we
akest
bus
an
d
t
he
pe
rf
ect
place
for
FA
CT
S
de
vices.
T
his
m
et
hod
can
be use
d durin
g
the
f
a
ult c
onditi
on only
.
∆P =
P
fault
–
P
b
ase
(
1)
∆Q =
Q
fault
–
Q
base
(2)
wh
e
re:
∆P, ∆
Q
a
re act
ive po
wer an
d react
ive
powe
r
d
e
viati
on
res
pe
ct
ively.
P
fault
, Q
fault
are
act
ive pow
e
r
i
n
MW
a
nd r
ea
ct
ive pow
e
r
i
n
M
Va
r
duri
ng the
fau
lt
.
P
base
, Q
base
a
re
act
ive pow
e
r
i
n
MW
a
nd r
ea
ct
ive pow
e
r
i
n
M
Va
r
pre fa
ult d
ur
i
ng stead
y
-
sta
te
co
ndit
ion
2.2.
Fuzzy
optimu
m FACTS
all
ocatio
n me
tho
do
lo
gy
A
f
uzzy
l
og
ic
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
in
flue
ntial
too
l
f
or
regulat
ing
c
omplex
proces
ses
an
d
able
to
cl
arify
the
com
plica
te
d
is
su
es
with
out
the
necessit
y
of
a
detai
le
d
sta
t
ist
ic
al
mo
del
of
the
s
ys
te
m.
The
dura
bili
ty
of
the
varyin
g
netw
or
k
s
pecifica
ti
on
s
is
a
no
t
her
me
rit
of
th
e
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
c
on
t
r
oller
[22
,
23
].
I
n
t
his
met
hod,
th
ey
a
re
adopted
tw
o
in
dices
L
FI
an
d
VP
I
,
t
hat
c
orre
sp
on
d
t
o
t
he
m
arg
i
n
of
volt
ag
e
sta
bili
ty
for
a
sel
ect
ed
opera
ti
on
al
conditi
on. T
he i
niti
al
ind
ex
is
the “Line
Flo
w
Ind
e
x” (LF
I) that i
de
ntifie
d b
y (3)
belo
w,
t
he
d
e
rivati
o
n
at
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Select
ion t
he o
ptimum
pla
ce
of FACT
S devi
ces us
i
ng fuzzy
control sy
ste
m
…
(
J
awad
H
ama
d H
am
ee
d
)
1807
LFI
=
2
P
ᵣ
[
1
+
c
os
(
Ө
–
Ф
)
]
V
s
²
Y
˪
c
os
(
Ф
)
(3)
Wh
e
n
(L
FI)
is
nea
r
t
o
un
it
y,
that
mea
ns
t
he
ma
ximum
loa
dab
il
it
y
point
i
s
reac
he
d,
a
fte
r
this
point,
the
s
ys
te
m
bec
om
es
crit
ic
al
[
24
-
26].
By
util
iz
ing
fu
zz
y
set
ti
ng
within
the
MATL
AB
model
program
,
L
FI
i
s
cl
assifi
ed
int
o
five
c
urves
(
m
embe
rsh
i
ps
)
to
cha
racteri
ze
t
he
i
nput
of
the
f
uzzy
la
ws
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
The ou
t
pu
t r
ul
es o
f f
uzzy
a
re
represe
nting
t
he
impact o
f
li
ne
f
lo
w
ei
ther d
ue
to a
high lo
ad
du
rin
g
ste
ad
y
-
sta
te
or
du
e
to
fau
lt
du
rin
g
t
he
tra
ns
ie
nt
sta
te
,
a
nd
it
is
known
as
"Se
ver
it
y
Index
of
Li
ne
Flow
"
(S
I
LF).
S
ILF
is
al
so
cl
assifi
e
d
into
five
cu
r
ve
s
(
mem
ber
s
hips)
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
2.
The
vo
lt
age
in
p.u.
at
load
bu
ses
of
the
sy
ste
m
is
t
he
s
econd
i
nd
e
x,
a
nd
it
is
desc
rib
ed
“
Vo
lt
age
Profile
I
nde
x”
(
VP
I
)
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ure
3.
T
he
VP
I
su
ppli
ed
to
th
e
r
ules
of
f
uz
zy
as
f
our
in
put
c
urves
(me
mb
e
rsh
i
ps
)
to
gi
ve
the
f
uzz
y
outp
ut
w
hic
h
cal
l
"Seve
rity
Inde
x
of
V
oltage
Pr
ofi
le
s"
(SIV
P)
.
It
is
cl
assi
fied
into
five
curves
(
mem
be
rsh
i
ps
)
as
s
how
n
in
Figure
4.
Ca
n
be
dete
rmin
e
d
the
mo
st
vu
l
ne
rab
le
s
ys
te
m
buses
by
C
riti
cal
it
y
Index
(CI),
wh
ic
h
co
mput
es
by
su
m
mati
on
t
he
two
se
ver
it
y
i
nd
ic
es
SI
L
F
a
nd
SIVP
.
Acc
ordin
g
to
CI
va
lue
will
be
a
ble
to
dete
rmi
ne
the
weak
e
st
bus
t
he
n
ra
nkin
g
al
l
l
oad
buses
.
Where
the
bus
w
hi
ch
has
the
hi
ghest
CI
val
ue
is
rank
ed
the
first
an
d
consi
der
e
d
it
the
wea
kest
bus
.
In
t
he
Fig
ures
1
-
4,
the
s
ymb
ols
that
mea
n:
Small
ind
e
x
(S),
Ve
r
y
Small
ind
e
x
(V
S
),
M
e
dium
ind
e
x
(M),
V
ery
High
i
nd
e
x
(
V
H)
,
Hi
gh
ind
e
x
(
H
),
L
ow
Se
ver
it
y
(L
S)
,
Very
L
ow
Seve
ri
ty
(V
L
S)
,
Abo
ve
Se
ver
it
y
(
AS)
,
Be
lo
w
Seve
r
it
y
(BS
),
Mo
re
Se
ver
it
y
(
M
S
),
N
ormal
V
ol
ta
ge
(
N
V),
M
e
diu
m
vo
lt
age
(
M
E
D
),
L
ow
V
oltag
e
(L
V)
,
O
ve
r
Vo
lt
age
(
OV),
PRE
-
Se
ve
rity
(P
RES
),
Mor
e
Seve
rity
(MOS)
an
d
M
e
diu
m
Se
veri
ty (ME
DS
)
.
Figure
1. LF
I
c
urves
Figure
2. SILF
curves
Figure
3. V
PI
curves
Figure
4. SIVP
curves
The pr
opose
d
method is
expl
ai
ned
i
n
th
e
ne
xt steps:
−
Sele
ct
ing
loa
d
bu
s
one
by
one
(one
at
a
ti
me),
reacti
ve
po
wer
dema
nd
is
increase
d
unti
l
LFI
reac
hes
t
o
the ex
t
reme
va
lue.
−
Ca
lc
ulati
ng
L
F
I
a
nd
VPI
.
−
LFI
a
nd
VPI
a
r
e
fe
d
in
f
uzz
y
set
nota
ti
on
to
giv
e
SILF
a
nd
SI
V
P
by
us
in
g
fu
zz
y
r
ules,
t
he
n
cal
c
ulate
CI
for
eac
h
loa
d
bus
by (
4
)
bel
ow.
CI = ∑
SILF +
∑ SIV
P
(
4
)
−
Re
peati
ng the
above
ste
ps
f
or each l
oad bus
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
18
05
–
18
15
1808
−
Ra
nk
i
ng
al
l
th
e
bu
se
s
desce
nd
i
ng
base
d
on
the
val
ue
of
the
CI
for
ea
ch
loa
d
bus,
wh
e
re
the
m
ost
sign
ific
a
nt
value of
CI
is t
he bu
s
bei
ng the
weak
e
st.
−
Durin
g
the
fa
ult
conditi
ons,
the
ste
ps
f
r
om
ste
p2
to
ste
p5
will
be
re
pe
at
ed.
By
ass
um
in
g
the
fa
ult
influ
e
nce
on
l
oad
bu
se
s
is
simi
la
r
to
the
seve
rity
w
hich
occ
ur
s
on
load
buses
du
rin
g
ma
xim
um
loada
bili
ty.
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
In
this
pap
e
r,
IE
EE
24
bus
s
ys
te
m
will
be
us
e
d.
T
he
bu
s
es
of
t
he
sy
ste
m
are
c
onnecte
d
by
transmissi
on
li
nes.
B
us13
is
a
sla
ck
bus,
bus
es
(
1,
2,
7,
14,
15,
16,
18,
21,
22
an
d
23)
are
PV
buses
a
nd
bu
s
es
(3,
4,
5,
6,
8,
9,
10,
19
a
nd
20)
a
re
l
oad
buses.
T
he
s
ys
t
em
ha
s
11
generati
on
s
,
9
l
oa
ds
;
eac
h
on
e
ha
s
act
ive
MW
a
nd r
eact
i
ve powe
r
M
Va
r
a
nd 38 tra
nsmi
ssion l
ines a
s explai
ne
d
in
Figure
5.
Figure
5. Sin
gl
e li
ne
dia
gr
a
m
of I
EE
E
24
-
bu
s sy
ste
m
3.1.
St
e
ad
y
-
s
tate r
esults
M
A
TLAB
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
duri
ng
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
will
be
dem
onstrat
ed
in
Ta
ble
1
bel
ow.
T
hese
resu
lt
s r
e
pr
ese
nt
V
oltage
(
Vin
p.u), A
ct
ive p
owe
r
a
nd
Re
a
ct
ive
po
wer
v
a
lues
at
eac
h
bu
s
in
t
he
s
ys
te
m
duri
ng
ste
ady
sta
te
.
T
o
deter
mine
th
e
opti
mum
pla
cement
of
t
he
F
ACTS
de
vic
es,
t
he
i
ntell
igent
met
hod
wi
ll
be
us
e
d,
ac
hieve
d
by
us
i
ng
a
MATL
AB
f
uzzy
set
te
chn
iq
ue
wh
e
re,
L
FI
a
nd
V
PI
will
be
cal
culat
ed
at
each
loa
d
bu
s
,
one
at
a
ti
me,
durin
g
t
he
sever
e
st
loa
ding
c
onditi
on
(
hi
gh
loa
d
point).
The
n,
the
t
wo
inputs
LF
I
a
nd
VPI,
for
eac
h
loa
d
bus,
a
re
fed
into
fu
zz
y
r
ules
to
giv
e
SI
L
F
a
nd
SI
V
P
resp
ect
iv
el
y.
By
s
um
mi
ng
SILF
a
nd
S
IVP
will
be
getti
ng
to
CI
f
or
eac
h
load
bu
s
du
ring
hi
gh
loa
d
point
t
o
c
on
tr
ol
the
wea
kest
bus
a
nd
r
an
k
t
he
loa
d
bu
s
es acc
ordin
g
to
CI
value
fr
om
high t
o
lo
w
v
al
ue
as s
how
n
in
Ta
ble 2.
Table
2
is
de
monstrate
d
t
he
CI
value
of
e
ach
loa
d
bus,
then
ra
nkin
g
the
loa
d
buses
base
d
on
it
s
value.
T
her
e
fore
Bus
9
is
ra
nked
at
fir
st
an
d
it
is
c
on
si
dered
the
wea
kest
bus,
beca
us
e
i
t
has
t
he
bigge
st
CI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Select
ion t
he o
ptimum
pla
ce
of FACT
S devi
ces us
i
ng fuzzy
control sy
ste
m
…
(
J
awad
H
ama
d H
am
ee
d
)
1809
value.
T
he
n,
it
is
sel
ect
ing
as
the
s
uitable
pla
cement
f
or
S
V
C
an
d
ST
ATC
OM
dev
ic
e
to
enh
a
nce
the
st
abili
t
y
of the s
ys
te
m
Table
1.
Stea
dy
-
sta
te
loa
d flo
w
Bu
s n
o
.
P [
MW
]
Q
[
Mvar]
Vo
ltag
e [
p
.u]
1
-
8
9
.27
-
766
1
.03
5
2
-
9
9
.4
-
1
9
5
.1
1
.03
5
3
2
0
4
.3
-
2
4
1
.9
0
.92
8
1
4
3
6
.25
8
8
.15
0
.94
3
9
5
-
1
2
.9
-
1
6
4
.4
0
.94
6
-
7
8
.45
-
4
4
.82
0
.86
4
4
7
6
3
.55
3
4
2
.4
1
.02
5
8
-
4
0
4
.4
-
5
3
.56
0
.94
4
8
9
-
2
9
8
.1
3
4
4
.3
0
.89
7
3
10
-
2
9
1
.2
293
0
.85
1
3
11
-
2
8
9
.4
7
6
.26
1
.01
12
-
3
0
1
.2
6
6
.3
1
.03
13
1
9
7
.2
-
1
4
.32
1
.02
14
3
7
8
.9
-
2
4
.24
0
.98
8
1
15
-
2
2
5
.8
-
1
2
4
.1
1
.01
4
16
1
8
8
.3
-
4
3
.93
1
.01
7
17
-
3
3
8
.6
-
8
1
.08
1
.03
5
18
-
6
2
.93
-
1
0
4
.4
1
.05
19
-
1
8
2
.3
-
1
9
.25
1
.02
4
20
-
1
3
7
.5
-
1
8
.64
1
.03
9
21
-
3
9
9
.9
-
1
2
4
.8
1
.05
22
-
2
9
9
.9
2
1
.86
1
.05
23
-
3
6
4
.6
-
1
1
0
.4
1
.05
24
-
2
0
4
.6
8
.66
8
1
Table
2.
C
I
a
nd
rankin
g d
ur
i
ng stead
y
-
sta
te
Bu
s n
o
.
CI=∑SIV
P +
∑
SI
LF
Ran
k
9
1
0
3
4
.2
1
3
1
0
3
2
.0
9
2
6
1
0
2
2
.7
9
3
10
1
0
1
0
.1
8
4
5
1
0
0
3
.2
5
5
4
9
8
6
.44
6
8
9
3
9
.81
7
19
9
0
6
.14
8
20
8
9
8
.13
9
3.2.
Results
du
ri
n
g
fa
ul
t (Tr
ans
ie
nt
S
tate)
Applyi
ng
t
hr
ee
ph
ase
fa
ults
at
sy
ste
m
loa
d
buses,
one
at
a
ti
me,
duri
ng
0.3
sec
with
out
insertin
g
a
ny
com
pensat
ion
com
pone
nts.
Durin
g
t
hese
conditi
ons,
wil
l
be
flo
w
the
two
meth
ods:
intel
li
gen
t
M
A
TLA
B
fu
zz
y
meth
od
and
tra
diti
on
al
me
th
od
t
o
det
ermine
the
op
t
imum
locat
io
n
of
F
ACTS
de
vices.
N
ow
by
f
uzz
y
method
ology
t
he
LFI
a
nd
V
PI
will
be
al
s
o
cal
culat
in
g,
a
nd
the
y
are
al
s
o
fe
d
i
nto
f
uzz
y
ru
le
s
to
giv
e
f
uzz
y
ou
t
pu
ts
i
nd
ic
es
SI
L
F
an
d
SIV
P
res
pecti
vely
.
Summat
io
n
of
this
in
dices
wi
ll
be
r
es
ulted
CI
f
or
e
ach
l
oa
d
bu
s
,
the
l
oad
bu
se
s
will
be
ra
nke
d
dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
CI
val
ue
f
or
eac
h
l
oad
bus,
an
d
the
bus
w
hich
ha
s
t
he
hi
gh
e
st
value
co
ns
ide
r
ed
t
he
best
loc
at
ion
of
the
F
ACTS
de
vices
and
the
wea
ke
st
bus
i
n
the
s
yst
em
as
dem
on
strat
ed
in Ta
ble 3.
Fr
om
t
he
obta
ined
re
su
lt
s
,
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Ta
bl
e
3,
B
us
9
is
ra
nk
e
d
at
fir
st
be
cause
it
has
th
e
hi
gh
est
CI
value,
t
her
e
for
e
it
c
on
si
der
e
d
the
w
eakest
bus,
wh
e
reas
Bus
20
is
ranke
d
at
la
st
beca
use
it
has
the
lo
west
CI
value,
the
re
for
e,
it
is
co
ns
id
ered
str
onge
st
one.
T
her
e
f
ore,
Bus
9
is
the
opti
mum
l
ocati
on
of
S
V
C
an
d
STA
TC
O
M
co
ntr
ollers.
Ba
se
d
on
tra
diti
ona
l
method
durin
g
fa
ult
occ
urre
d
at
loa
d
buse
s
res
pecti
vely,
the
n
com
pu
ti
ng
t
he
dev
ia
ti
on
valu
e
occ
ur
s
in
t
he
par
a
mete
rs
of
each
loa
d
bus
(
act
ive
an
d
reac
ti
ve
powe
r)
by
us
in
g
(1
)
a
nd
(
2) o
f
∆P,
∆
Q
at
B
us 9
has
h
ig
hest devia
ti
on
,
whil
e
Bus
2
0
has
a va
lue o
f
the
le
as
t
de
viati
on
as
s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
6
,
Figure
7
an
d
Tab
le
4
,
Ta
ble
5
belo
w.
That
m
eans
B
us
9
is
t
he
mo
st
vulne
r
able
bu
s
a
nd
it
is
the
best
placement
for
SV
C a
nd S
TATC
OM con
trolle
rs.
Table
3.
C
I
a
nd
rank
durin
g f
ault co
nd
it
io
n
Bu
s n
o
.
CI=∑SIV
P +
∑
SI
LF
Ran
k
9
9
1
9
.86
1
3
9
1
9
.65
2
10
9
1
8
.29
3
19
9
1
8
.12
4
6
9
1
8
.09
5
4
9
1
7
.96
6
5
9
1
7
.47
7
8
9
1
7
.24
8
20
9
0
6
.14
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
18
05
–
18
15
1810
Fr
om
the
res
ul
ts,
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
6
a
nd
Table
4,
no
te
d
the
hi
gh
e
st
act
ive
powe
r
D
e
viati
on
(∆P
)
occur
i
n
B
us
9,
wh
il
e
B
us
20
has
a
val
ue
of
the
le
ast
act
iv
e
po
wer
De
via
ti
on
∆P
.
That
means
Bus
9
i
s
the
mo
st
vulnera
bl
e bus a
nd it
is the
best
placem
ent for
S
VC a
nd S
TATC
O
M
dev
ic
es
.
Figure
6.
∆P
in
MW
due to
f
a
ult at
loa
d bu
se
s r
es
pecti
vely
Table
4.
∆P
in
MW
du
e
to fau
lt
at load b
us
es
r
es
pecti
vely
Bu
s n
o
.
Activ
e po
wer
d
ev
i
atio
n
(
△
P =
Pf
au
lt
–
Pb
ase)
[M
W
]
du
ring
f
au
lt at:
Bu
s3
Bu
s4
Bu
s5
Bu
s6
Bu
s8
Bu
s9
Bu
s1
0
Bu
s1
9
Bu
s2
0
3
+2
.2
+1
.7
+1
.5
+1
.8
+0
.6
+2
.3
+1
.8
+2
.7
-
7
.2
4
-
0
.58
-
0
.47
-
0
.37
-
0
.49
+0
.41
-
0
.62
-
0
.46
-
0
.64
+2
.33
5
+0
.87
+0
.7
+0
.53
+0
.72
+0
.48
+0
.93
+0
.69
+1
.05
-
3
.47
6
+0
.06
+0
.06
+0
.03
+0
.04
+0
.21
+0
.07
+0
.04
+0
.09
-
0
.26
8
-
0
.4
-
0
.3
-
0
.3
-
0
.3
+0
.9
+0
.4
+0
.4
-
1
.3
+0
.8
9
-
4
.4
-
3
.3
-
2
.8
-
3
.5
-
1
.2
-
4
.6
-
3
.6
-
5
.3
+1
5
.6
10
-
3
.9
-
2
.9
-
2
.5
-
3
.1
-
1
.1
-
4
.1
+3
.2
-
4
.7
+1
3
.7
19
0
0
+0
.1
0
+0
.1
0
+0
.1
-
0
.2
-
0
.1
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
.1
+0
.1
Fr
om
the
re
su
l
ts,
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
7
a
nd
Table
5,
note
d
the
highest
rea
ct
ive
power
D
eviat
ion
∆Q
occur
in
Bus
9,
wh
il
e
Bus
20
ha
s
a
value
of
the
le
ast
reacti
ve
powe
r
De
vi
at
ion
∆Q
.
T
ha
t
mea
ns
B
us
9
is
the
mo
st
vu
l
ner
a
bl
e
bus
a
nd
it
is
the
best
place
ment
f
o
r
S
VC
and
ST
ATCO
M
dev
ic
es
.
Ba
sed
on
al
l
resu
l
t,
Bus
9
is
the
best
lo
ca
ti
on
f
or
S
VC
a
nd
ST
ATCO
M
dev
ic
es
duri
ng
ste
ad
y
sta
te
and
t
ransi
ent
s
ta
te
wh
ic
h
ac
hi
eved
by intel
li
gen
t
M
A
TLAB
fuz
zy
met
hod
a
nd
tradit
ion
al
method.
Figure
7.
∆Q
in
M
Va
r
due to
fau
lt
a
t l
oa
d b
use
s r
es
pecti
vel
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Select
ion t
he o
ptimum
pla
ce
of FACT
S devi
ces us
i
ng fuzzy
control sy
ste
m
…
(
J
awad
H
ama
d H
am
ee
d
)
1811
Table
5.
∆Q
i
n
M
Va
r
due
to
f
a
ult at
loa
d bu
se
s r
es
pecti
vely
Stea
dy
-
sta
te
lo
ad flo
w
Bu
s n
o
.
Reactiv
e po
wer
d
e
v
iatio
n
(
△
Q =
Qf
a
u
lt
–
Qb
ase)
[
MVa
r]
du
ring
f
au
lt at:
Bu
s3
Bu
s4
Bu
s5
Bu
s6
Bu
s8
Bu
s9
Bu
s1
0
Bu
s1
9
Bu
s2
0
3
-
3
.1
-
2
.4
-
2
.1
-
2
.5
-
0
.6
-
3
.3
-
2
.6
-
4
+9
.6
4
+1
.19
+0
.91
+0
.8
+0
.96
+0
.33
+1
.26
+0
.99
+1
.38
-
3
.73
5
-
1
.8
-
1
.4
-
1
.2
-
1
.4
-
0
.2
-
1
.9
-
1
.5
-
2
.4
+5
.2
6
+0
.03
+0
.03
+0
.02
+0
.03
+0
.12
+0
.03
+0
.02
-
0
.06
-
0
.15
8
-
0
.06
-
0
.04
-
0
.04
-
0
.05
+0
.11
-
0
.06
-
0
.06
-
0
.18
+0
.1
9
+3
.5
+2
.7
+2
.3
+2
.8
+0
.3
+3
.6
+2
.9
+4
.7
-
1
0
.4
10
+2
.9
+2
.2
+2
+2
.4
+0
.3
+3
.1
+2
.5
+3
.9
-
8
.9
19
0
0
0
0
+0
.01
0
-
0
.01
-
0
.02
-
0
.01
20
-
0
.01
-
0
.01
-
0
.01
-
0
.01
0
+0
.01
-
0
.01
-
0
.02
+0
.01
3.3.
FAC
T
S c
on
t
r
oller
s for sys
t
em st
ab
il
ity
e
nhanceme
n
t
Applyi
ng
S
VC
an
d
ST
ATCO
M
at
eac
h
l
oa
d
bus,
one
at
a
ti
me,
(
3,
4,
5,
6,
8,
9,
10,
19
an
d
20)
durin
g
fa
ult
conditi
on
to
en
han
ce
the
sta
bi
li
ty.
For
e
xa
mp
le
,
the
res
ul
t
is
ta
ken
w
he
n
fau
lt
at
bu
s
8
an
d
app
l
ying
S
VC
/STACO
M
at
load
buses
res
pecti
vely
,
the
n
the
de
viati
on
in
act
ive
power
∆P
a
nd
r
eact
ive
powe
r
∆Q
at
th
e load b
us
es
r
e
sp
ect
ively
due
to the fa
ult at
bus 8, sh
own
in Fi
gures (
8
-
11) a
nd Ta
bles (6
-
9).
Fr
om
t
he
a
bove
data
res
ults
in
the
Fig
ure
s
(
8
-
11)
a
nd
Tables
(6
-
9);
durin
g
a
ppli
ed
of
F
ACTS
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
SVC
/STACO
M
,
t
he
de
viati
on
i
n
act
ive
powe
r
∆P
an
d
reacti
ve
power
∆Q
at
the
load
buses
by
t
he
fau
lt
,
is
r
ed
uci
ng
a
nd
it
bec
ome
s
nea
r
to
z
e
ro
es
pecial
ly
w
hen
t
he
S
VC/S
TACO
M
de
vices
ap
ply
in
g
i
n
bu
s
9,
that
al
so
pro
ve
that
it
is
the
op
ti
mu
m
l
ocati
on
of
the
F
ACT
S
de
vices,
the
r
efore
the
s
ys
te
m
retu
rns
to
st
abili
ty
conditi
ons. A
ls
o no
te
d
f
r
om
r
esults t
hat the
dev
ia
ti
on
reach
es to its mi
nim
um
a
nd
becom
es v
e
ry lo
w
inc
ase o
f
us
in
g
STATC
OM
as
co
mp
a
red
to
us
i
ng
S
VC
.
In
oth
e
r
words,
ST
AT
COM
is
bette
r
tha
n
S
VC
i
n
te
rms
of
mainta
inin
g
t
he
stabil
it
y
of t
he
sy
ste
m
.
Figure
8.
∆P
i
n
MW
due to
f
a
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
SV
C
at
loa
d b
us
es
res
pecti
ve
ly.
Table
6.
∆P
in
MW
durin
g fa
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
SV
C
at
loa
d b
us
es
res
pecti
ve
ly
SVC at
Δ
P at
b
u
s3
Δ
P at
b
u
s4
Δ
P at
b
u
s5
Δ
P at
b
u
s6
Δ
P at
b
u
s8
Δ
P at
b
u
s9
Δ
P at
b
u
s1
0
Δ
P at
b
u
s1
9
Δ
P at
b
u
s2
0
Bu
s3
+1
-
0
.4
+0
.
5
+0
.19
-
0
.7
+1
.9
-
1
.2
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s4
+0
.8
0
+0
.55
+0
.2
+0
.7
-
1
.9
-
1
.2
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s5
+0
.7
-
0
.44
+0
.44
-
0
.05
+0
.6
-
1
.4
-
2
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s6
+0
.8
-
0
.47
+0
.54
-
0
.58
+0
.5
-
1
.5
-
2
.6
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s8
0
.7
-
0
.34
+0
.33
+0
.17
-
0
.8
-
1
.6
-
1
.6
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s9
+0
.1
-
0
.18
+0
.12
+0
.1
-
0
.2
-
0
.1
-
0
.1
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s1
0
+0
.7
-
0
.44
+0
.62
-
0
.29
+0
.4
-
1
.3
-
2
.6
-
0
.1
0
Bu
s1
9
+0
.6
-
0
.44
+0
.51
+0
.22
+0
.9
-
1
.3
-
1
.1
+0
.7
+0
.2
Bu
s2
0
+0
.6
-
0
.43
+0
.51
+0
.22
+0
.9
-
1
.3
-
1
.1
+0
.3
+0
.4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
18
05
–
18
15
1812
Figure
9.
∆Q
in
M
Va
r
due to
fau
lt
at
bu
s
8 a
nd
S
VC
at
loa
d b
us
es,
r
es
pecti
vely
Table
7.
∆Q
i
n
M
Va
r
duri
ng fa
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
S
VC
at
l
oad
bu
s
es re
sp
ect
iv
el
y
VC at
Δ
Q at
b
u
s3
Δ
Q at
b
u
s4
Δ
Q at
b
u
s5
Δ
Q at
b
u
s6
Δ
Q at
b
u
s8
Δ
Q at
b
u
s9
Δ
Q at
b
u
s1
0
Δ
Q at
b
u
s1
9
Δ
Q at
b
u
s2
0
Bu
s3
-
1
.9
-
0
.31
-
0
.3
+0
.1
-
0
.09
+2
+0
.4
+0
.01
0
Bu
s4
-
1
.2
-
4
.43
-
0
.2
+0
.11
-
0
.09
+1
.9
+0
.4
+0
.01
0
Bu
s5
-
0
.8
+0
.31
-
4
.4
-
0
.03
+0
.08
+0
.5
+2
.5
+0
.01
0
Bu
s6
-
0
.9
+0
.37
+2
.1
+8
.69
-
0
.06
+0
.5
+3
.9
+0
.01
0
Bu
s8
-
0
.8
+0
.21
+0
.1
+0
.09
+1
0
.63
+0
.8
+0
.9
+0
.01
0
Bu
s9
-
0
.5
-
0
.19
-
0
.2
+0
.1
-
0
.08
+0
.08
+0
.4
+0
.01
0
Bu
s1
0
-
0
.8
+0
.31
+2
.5
-
0
.17
-
0
.05
+0
.4
+4
.2
+0
.01
0
Bu
s1
9
-
0
.7
+0
.35
-
0
.2
+0
.12
+0
.12
+0
.4
+0
.3
+0
.08
+0
.03
Bu
s2
0
-
0
.7
+0
.35
-
0
.2
+0
.12
+0
.12
+0
.4
+0
.3
+0
.04
+0
.04
Figure
10.
∆P
i
n
MW
du
e
to f
ault at
bus 8 a
nd
S
TATC
O
M
at
load
buses,
re
sp
ect
ively
.
Table
8.
∆P
in
MW
durin
g fa
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
STATC
O
M
at
load b
us
es
, res
pecti
vely
STAT
C
OM
at
Δ
P at
b
u
s3
Δ
P at
b
u
s4
Δ
P at
b
u
s5
Δ
P at
b
u
s6
Δ
P at
b
u
s8
Δ
P at
b
u
s9
Δ
P at
b
u
s1
0
Δ
P at
b
u
s1
9
Δ
P at
b
u
s2
0
Bu
s3
+0
.8
-
0
.37
+0
.46
+0
.19
-
0
.8
+1
.4
-
1
+0
.1
0
Bu
s4
+0
.7
-
0
.16
+0
.51
+0
.2
+0
.8
-
1
.6
-
1
.1
+0
.1
0
Bu
s5
+0
.6
-
0
.41
+0
.46
-
0
.07
+0
.7
-
1
.2
-
1
.5
+0
.1
0
Bu
s6
+0
.6
-
0
.41
+0
.46
-
0
.3
+0
.6
-
1
.2
-
1
.8
+0
.1
0
Bu
s8
0
.6
-
0
.36
+0
.38
+0
.19
0
-
1
.4
-
1
.3
+0
.1
0
Bu
s9
+0
.07
-
0
.03
+0
.2
+0
.1
-
0
.09
-
0
.01
-
0
.01
+0
.1
0
Bu
s1
0
+0
.6
-
0
.41
+0
.52
-
0
.08
+0
.6
-
1
.2
-
1
.8
+0
.1
0
Bu
s1
9
+0
.6
-
0
.4
+0
.46
+0
.21
+0
.9
-
1
.2
-
1
+0
.3
+0
.1
Bu
s2
0
+0
.6
-
0
.41
+0
.49
+0
.21
+0
.9
-
1
.2
-
1
.1
+0
.2
+0
.2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Select
ion t
he o
ptimum
pla
ce
of FACT
S devi
ces us
i
ng fuzzy
control sy
ste
m
…
(
J
awad
H
ama
d H
am
ee
d
)
1813
Figure
11.
∆Q
in
M
Va
r
du
e
to
f
a
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
ST
ATC
OM
at
load b
us
es
re
sp
ect
ively
.
Table
9.
∆Q
i
n
M
Va
r
duri
ng fa
ult at
bus 8 a
nd
S
TATC
O
M
at
load
buses
r
especti
vely
STAT
C
OM
at
Δ
Q at
b
u
s3
Δ
Q at
b
u
s4
Δ
Q at
b
u
s5
Δ
Q at
b
u
s6
Δ
Q at
b
u
s8
Δ
Q at
b
u
s9
Δ
Q at
b
u
s1
0
Δ
Q at
b
u
s1
9
Δ
Q at
b
u
s2
0
Bu
s3
-
1
.2
-
0
.06
-
0
.2
+0
.11
-
0
.1
+1
.1
+0
.3
+0
.01
0
Bu
s4
-
0
.9
-
2
.18
-
0
.2
+0
.11
-
0
.1
+1
.1
+0
.3
+0
.01
0
Bu
s5
-
0
.7
+0
.3
-
2
.4
-
0
.03
+0
.1
+0
.4
+1
.4
+0
.01
0
Bu
s6
-
0
.7
+0
.31
+1
.2
+5
.05
-
0
.08
+0
.3
+2
.2
+0
.01
0
Bu
s8
-
0
.7
+0
.25
0
+0
.1
+5
.67
+0
.5
+0
.6
+0
.01
0
Bu
s9
-
0
.01
-
0
.12
-
0
.09
+0
.09
1
-
0
.07
+0
.07
+0
.03
+0
.01
0
Bu
s1
0
-
0
.6
+0
.29
+1
.5
-
0
.05
+0
.08
+0
.3
+2
.5
+0
.01
0
Bu
s1
9
-
0
.6
+0
.31
-
0
.1
+0
.12
+0
.12
+0
.3
+0
.3
+0
.03
+0
.01
Bu
s2
0
-
0
.6
+0
.33
-
0
.2
+0
.12
+0
.12
+0
.3
+0
.3
+0
.02
+0
.02
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Accor
ding
t
o
a
bove
the
resu
lt
s,
t
he
f
ollow
i
ngs
are
c
on
cl
uded
,
I
ntell
igent
Fu
zz
y
set
te
c
hniq
ue
has
a
n
importa
nt
ad
va
ntage
c
ompare
d
with
the
tra
di
ti
on
al
met
hod
in
dicat
ed
as
f
ollows:
It
is
a
n
i
ntell
igent
m
et
hod
base
d
on
f
uzz
y
ru
le
s
(if
-
the
n
sta
te
me
nts).
It
ca
n
i
de
ntify
t
he
weake
st
bus
at
ste
ad
y
-
sta
te
co
ndit
ion
s
a
n
d
transient
c
ondi
ti
on
s
duri
ng
hi
gh
loa
d
a
nd
fa
ult,
resp
e
ct
ively,
but
the
tra
diti
on
al
meth
od
i
s
util
iz
ed
du
rin
g
fa
ult
conditi
ons
onl
y.
F
rom
the
obta
ined
res
ults,
it
is
cl
ear
that
Fu
zzy
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
yields
t
he
same
res
ults
in
both
ste
ady
-
sta
te
an
d
fau
lt
c
onditi
on
s
w
hic
h
e
na
ble
the
us
e
of
t
he
sa
me
te
ch
ni
qu
e
with
la
r
ge
sy
ste
ms
an
d
a
pplyin
g
the
meth
od
in
ste
ad
y
-
sta
te
conditi
ons
t
o
get
t
he
most
vu
l
ner
a
ble
bu
s
in
bo
t
h
ste
ady
-
sta
te
a
nd
fa
ult.
Accor
dingly,
Fu
zz
y
t
ec
hniq
ue
is
easi
e
r,
faste
r
a
nd
more
acc
urat
e
with
i
ncr
eas
ing
the
num
ber
of
membe
rs
hip
s
.
Re
du
ci
ng
the
dev
ia
ti
on
valu
e
f
or
the
loa
d
bu
s
es
par
a
mete
rs
(P
an
d
Q
),
may
reac
h
ze
r
o,
w
he
n
app
l
ying
SV
C
an
d
S
TATC
O
M
de
vices
res
pe
ct
ively
at
the
o
ptim
um
locat
i
on (
Bus
9
i
n
t
hi
s
pa
per)
du
rin
g
fa
ult
wh
ic
h
mea
ns
t
hat,
the
sy
ste
m
retu
r
ned
to
sta
bili
ty
co
nd
it
ion
s
.
T
he
de
gr
ee
of
re
duct
io
n
in
de
viati
on
values
durin
g
a
pplyin
g
S
TATC
O
M
,
s
m
ore
tha
n
wh
e
n
SV
C
,
th
at
means
it
is
bette
r
t
ha
n
S
VC
f
or
in
te
r
ms
of
mainta
inin
g
t
he
sta
bili
ty
of
t
he
sy
ste
m
.
Wh
e
n
the
fa
ult
occ
ur
s
at
Bus
20
ha
s
m
or
e
t
han
a
ff
ect
ed
on
t
he
sy
ste
m
because
it
is th
e stron
g bus.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Mohamm
ad
R
af
ee
Shaik
,
A.
Sri
niva
sula
R
eddy
.
“Opti
m
al
pl
ace
me
nt
and
siz
ing
of
FA
CTS
devi
ce
to
over
com
e
cont
ing
enc
i
es
in
power
sys
te
ms
.
”
2016
I
EEE
In
te
rnational
Con
fe
renc
e
on
Sign
al
Proc
essing,
Comm
unic
ati
on,
Powe
r and Embedde
d
S
yste
m (S
COPES)
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pp
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842,
June
201
7.
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Abubaka
r
Siddi
que,
Yonghai
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Wa
see
m
As
lam
and
Muham
m
ad
Rashe
ed
.
“A
Compre
hensiv
e
Study
on
FA
CT
S
Devic
es
to
Impr
ove
the
Stab
il
i
ty
and
Pow
er
Flow Ca
pabi
l
it
y
in
Po
wer
Sys
te
m
.
”
20
19
IE
EE
Asia
Po
wer
and
En
erg
y
Engi
ne
ering
Co
nfe
renc
e
(
AP
E
E
C)
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-
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May
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[3]
Haje
r
Jmii
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ma
Medde
b
and
Souad
Chebb
i
.
“An
app
roa
ch
f
or
i
mprovi
ng
vo
lt
ag
e
st
abi
l
it
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b
y
co
mbi
na
ti
on
o
f
SV
C
and
TCSC,”
2016
IEEE
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Inte
rnationa
l
C
onfe
renc
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Sc
i
enc
es
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Elec
tro
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Techno
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ati
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June
2017.
[4]
Gaga
ri
Deb,
Ka
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Ch
akr
abor
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and
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it
a
D
eb
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“Vol
ta
ge
st
abi
lity
an
al
ysis
using
re
active
p
ower
lo
adi
ng
as
indi
c
at
or
and
it
s
im
prov
ement
b
y
FA
CTS
device
.
”
2016
I
EEE
1s
t
Int
ernati
onal
C
onfe
renc
e
on
Po
wer
Elec
tronic
s,
Inte
lligen
t
Contr
ol
and
Ene
rgy
S
yste
ms
(ICPE
IC
ES)
,
pp
.
1
-
5,
Feb
2017.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
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,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
18
05
–
18
15
1814
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J.
L
akki
r
eddy,
R.
R
astgoufa
rd
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I
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Leevongwat
and
P.
R
astgouf
ard
.
“St
ea
dy
sta
te
voltage
st
abi
l
it
y
enha
n
ceme
nt
using
shunt
and
serie
s
FA
CTS
devi
c
es
.
”
2015
I
EE
E
Cl
emson
Unive
rs
ity
Powe
r
Syste
ms
Confe
re
nce
(PSC)
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May
2015.
[6]
Ahmed
Mus
ta
f
a
Mohammed
.
“I
mprovi
ng
the
v
olt
ag
e
st
abi
l
it
y
of
elec
tri
c
al
po
wer
sys
te
ms
usi
ng
shunt
FA
CT
S
devi
c
es
.
”
ma
st
er
the
sis,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Cai
ro
Univ
ersit
y
Giza
,
Egyp
t, June
2009.
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Sami
Repo
.
“On
-
Li
ne
Volta
g
e
St
abi
lity
As
sess
ment
of
Pow
er
Sys
t
em
An
-
Approac
h
of
Bl
ac
k
-
box
Modeli
ng
.
”
PH
D
the
sis, Tam
p
ere
Univer
sity
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t
echnology
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th
e ac
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[8]
As
hish
Kumar
Choubey,
Prof
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Arti
Bhand
akka
r
and
Shri
Ra
m
.
“Sta
bility
Impro
vem
en
t
of
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
by
Us
i
ng
Fuzzy
Coordinated
Sta
ti
c
Var
Compe
nsator
.
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Eng
in
ee
ring
Tr
ends
and
Technol
ogy
(IJ
ETT
)
,
vol
.
25
,
no.
1,
July 2
015
.
[9]
Binde
shw
ar
Sin
gh,
Prabha
k
ar
T
i
wari
and
S.
N.
S
ingh
.
“E
nhan
ceme
nt
of
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Perfor
mance
s
by
Opti
mal
ly
Plac
ed
FA
CTS
Control
le
rs
by
using
D
iffe
ren
t
Optim
izati
o
n
T
e
chni
ques
in
Dis
tri
buti
on
Sys
tems
.
”
I
EE
E
Utta
r
Pradesh
Sec
t
io
n
Inte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on
El
e
ct
rica
l,
El
e
ct
ronics
and
C
omputer
Engi
ne
ering
(UPCON)
,
Gorakhpur,
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2019.
[10]
Sridhar
Babu
Gu
rij
ala, K S Srikanth,
Ra
mc
h
andr
a
Nittal
a
and
G.
Rohit
Reddy
.
“
T
ran
smiss
ion
sys
te
m
r
egul
ar
izati
o
n
with
5
-
le
ve
l
ca
s
ca
ded
IPF
C
.
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
and
Dr
ive
S
yste
m
(IJ
PED
S),
vol
.
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.
3,
pp
.
1437
-
144
5,
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2019.
[11]
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en
Kuma
r
Agrawal
,
San
gee
t
a
DebBa
r
m
an
and
Arun
Shekhawa
t
.
“Fa
ct
Devi
ce
s
Im
ple
m
ent
a
ti
on
in
Improve
m
ent
of
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Stabi
lity
.
”
SSRG
Inte
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
E
lectric
al
and
Elec
tronic
s
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n
ee
rin
g
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-
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E
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[12]
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ne
Abde
l
krim
,
Yah
ia
oui
Merz
oug
.
“Robu
st
stabi
lity
powe
r
in
the
tra
nsmis
sion
li
ne
w
i
th
th
e
use
of
a
UP
FC
sys
te
m
and
neu
ral
controll
ers
b
ase
d
ada
p
ti
ve
c
ontrol
.
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
tro
nic
s
and
Dr
ive
Syste
m (I
JP
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et
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&
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s
sific
a
ti
on
in
UP
FC
Inte
gra
t
ed
T
ran
smiss
ion
Li
n
e
Us
ing
DWT
.
”
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
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r
El
e
ct
ronics
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iv
e
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Co
mpre
hens
iv
e
Co
mpa
rison
of
FA
CTS
Devi
ce
s
fo
r
Enha
nc
ing
Sta
ti
c
Volta
g
e
St
abi
l
ity
.
” IE
E
E Powe
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
So
ci
e
ty
G
ene
ral M
ee
t
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,
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-
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[15]
Arthit
Sode
-
Yo
me
,
Nada
r
aj
ah
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ana
n
tha
n
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Kw
ang
Y.
Le
e
.
“Sta
t
ic
Vol
ta
ge
Stabilit
y
Margin
Enha
nc
ement
Us
ing
STA
TCOM,
TCSC
and
S
SS
C
.
”
IEEE/PE
S
Tr
ansm
is
sion
and
Distributi
on
Confe
ren
ce
&
Ex
hibition:
Asia
and
Pacific
Dal
i
an
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pp
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Unnati
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Praj
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i
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Priyank
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“I
mpro
vem
en
t
of
pow
e
r
sys
te
m
se
cur
ity
by
opt
im
a
l
lo
ca
t
ion
of
FA
CT
s
devi
c
es
using
se
nsiti
v
it
y
appr
oa
c
h
.
”
2017
I
EE
E
8th
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Confe
ren
ce
on
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unic
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on
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working
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S.
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m
a,
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lo
G.
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es
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uei
r
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“A
Fu
zz
y
-
base
d
Contr
oll
er
for
In
te
r
co
nnec
t
ed
Sys
te
ms
volt
ag
e
reg
u
lati
on
through
FA
CTS
device
s
.
”
I
EE
E
PE
S
Innov
ati
v
e
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t
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i
d
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ie
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renc
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2019.
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Wa
see
m
As
l
am
,
Yonghai
Xu,
Abubaka
r
Sidd
i
que,
Amir
Naw
az
and
Muham
ma
d
Rashee
d
.
“
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Pow
e
r
Sys
te
m
Stab
il
i
ty
Enh
anc
e
me
n
t
b
y
Us
ing
an
Opt
i
ma
l
Fuzzy
PID
Control
l
er
for
T
CS
C
with
Dua
l
TCRs
.
”
IEEE
3rd
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
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ate
d
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it
s
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ros
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d,
A.
T.,
T
aha
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M.
Q.
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&
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h,
K.
A.
“
Tr
ac
king
tech
nique
for
the
sudden
ch
ange
of
PV
inve
rte
r
load.
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems
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v
ol.
10
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no
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p
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2
076,
2019
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Hus
ham
Ida
n
Hus
sein,
Ghass
an
Abdulla
h
Sa
lm
a
n
and
Moh
am
m
ed
Saad
i
Hasan
.
“Phase
Me
asure
me
nt
Units
b
ase
d
FA
CT’s
Devic
e
s
for
the
I
mpro
vem
en
t
of
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms
Net
works
Control
labili
ty
.
”
Inte
rna
t
i
onal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
C
omputer
Engi
n
e
ering
(IJ
ECE
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v
ol.
8
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88
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20
18.
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La
lit
Kum
ar,
Dr.
Sanj
ay
Kum
ar
,
Sus
hil
Kum
ar
Gupta
and
Brije
sh
Kumar
Raw
.
“Optimal
Lo
cation
of
FA
CTS
Devic
es
for
Lo
ada
bi
li
ty
Enha
n
ce
m
ent
using
Gravi
tatio
na
l
S
ea
rch
Algori
th
m
.
”
2019
I
EE
E
5th
In
te
rnatio
nal
Confe
renc
e
for
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rgenc
e in T
ec
hnology (I2C
T)
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ia
ne
,
S.
Z
ebi
r
at
e
,
A
.
Chake
r1
and
Z.
Boudje
ma
.
“Fuz
zy
slid
ing
mod
e
cont
ro
l
of
doub
ly
-
fed
induc
t
ion
gene
ra
tor
driv
en
by
wind
turbi
n
e
.
”
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Journal
of
Po
wer
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
e
m
(IJ
PE
DS)
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vo
l.
10,
no
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3
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92
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20
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[23]
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r
Siddi
que,
Yonghai
XU
,
W
ase
em
As
l
am
,
Abdul
R
eh
ma
n
and
M
.
Ka
l
ee
m
As
la
m
.
“Pe
rform
ance
of
Fu
zz
y
Logi
c
B
ase
d
Co
ntrol
ler
for
UP
FC
on
Pow
er
Quali
ty
Iss
ues
in
T
ran
smiss
ion
Net
work
.
”
2018
I
E
EE
Int
ernati
ona
l
Confe
renc
e
on
P
ower
Syste
m
Tec
hnology
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[24]
Hame
ed
,
Jam
al
A.,
Amer
T
.
Sae
ed,
and
Mugdad
H.
Rajab.
“
Desi
gn
and
an
al
ysis
of
hydroe
l
ec
tr
ic
gene
ra
ti
on
using
wate
rwhee
l.
”
20
18
9th
In
te
rnatio
nal
R
ene
wabl
e E
nergy
Congress
(IR
EC)
.
IE
EE,
2
018.
[25]
A
Shobha
Shankar
,
Dr
.
T
.
Anan
t
hapa
dm
ana
bha
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“Fuzz
y
Approa
c
h
to
Cr
i
ti
c
al
Bus
Ranki
ng
Unde
r
Norma
l
and
L
in
e
Outage
Con
ti
nge
nci
es
.
”
In
te
rnati
onal
Journal
on
Soft
Computing
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SC)
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o.
1
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2011
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M.
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M
J
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“
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ge
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ll
aps
e
Proximi
ty
Indi
ca
tor
:
Beha
v
iour
and
Implicatio
ns
.
”
IEE
Proceedi
ngs
-
C
,
vol
.
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May
1
992
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