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n
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co
n
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ig
u
r
atio
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e
o
n
l
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e
P
V
g
en
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ato
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I
n
th
ese
t
wo
ca
s
es
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
DC
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o
n
v
er
ter
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n
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o
d
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ce
d
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et
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in
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et
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s
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u
t
in
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ter
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a
p
r
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tio
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lato
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o
f
i
n
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er
ter
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o
d
u
l
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n
i
n
d
ex
i
s
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n
tr
o
d
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ce
d
.
T
h
e
Si
m
p
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ied
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ac
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Vec
to
r
P
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ls
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id
th
Mo
d
u
lati
o
n
T
ec
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n
iq
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e
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SS
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W
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i
n
t
h
i
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p
ap
er
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o
r
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b
es
t
v
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w
a
v
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f
o
r
m
.
Fo
r
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
w
it
h
o
n
l
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e
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o
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n
th
e
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o
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ith
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s
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e
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n
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t
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to
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o
f
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r
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m
(
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o
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le
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els
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ter
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s
tab
ili
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e
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b
u
s
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ac
ito
r
v
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[
1
2
]
.
A
r
ea
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s
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lar
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n
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I
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r
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s
(
Fi
g
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2
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en
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e
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eter
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ter
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n
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ex
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ter
th
at,
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
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s
p
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e
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to
r
p
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w
id
t
h
m
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lat
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o
r
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n
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ter
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s
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o
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t
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e
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m
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Fig
u
r
e
1
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Av
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a
n
n
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al
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al
s
o
lar
ir
r
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r
ec
eiv
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o
n
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h
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r
izo
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tal
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lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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h
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v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
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1
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Ref
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ence
Vo
lt
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th
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p
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la
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3
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o
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3.
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3
.
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V
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2
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2
.
Ref
er
ence
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Vec
t
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Select
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I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
ap
p
lied
th
e
SS
VP
W
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o
f
f
i
v
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le
v
els
i
n
v
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r
ter
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
i
m
p
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a
n
d
f
a
s
t
m
et
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d
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id
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t
h
e
SVD
o
f
f
i
v
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lev
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ls
in
v
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ter
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
in
to
s
ix
h
e
x
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o
n
s
.
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ac
h
h
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x
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g
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f
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in
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ter
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ter
t
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at
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as s
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
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to
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u
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5
.
Si
m
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w
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s
s
p
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to
r
d
iag
r
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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2
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3.
F
I
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L
E
V
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L
S INV
E
R
T
E
R
F
E
D
B
Y
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NE
PV
G
E
N
E
R
AT
O
R
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n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
f
i
v
e
l
ev
els
i
n
v
er
ter
is
f
ed
b
y
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
)
,
w
e
m
u
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
o
t
h
er
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o
r
it
h
m
(
R
ed
u
n
d
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c
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Selectio
n
(
R
S))
t
o
b
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ce
th
e
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ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
-
f
i
v
e
lev
el
s
i
n
v
er
ter
T
o
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
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ed
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n
d
an
c
y
to
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e
u
s
ed
to
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ala
n
ce
t
h
e
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b
u
s
,
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m
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s
t
k
n
o
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t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
ea
c
h
o
n
e
o
n
ca
p
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ito
r
s
v
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e
s
.
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h
e
d
e
tailed
s
tep
s
o
f
t
h
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g
o
r
ith
m
a
r
e
lik
e
f
o
llo
w
:
3
.
1
.
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p
T
h
is
s
tep
co
n
s
is
t
s
in
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
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n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
cu
r
r
en
t
(
i
c1
,
i
c2
,
i
c3
an
d
i
c4
)
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
a
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r
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t
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n
d
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r
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b
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d
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f
o
r
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ch
v
ec
to
r
w
i
th
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
s
tates (
4
).
c
i
b
F
b
i
b
F
a
i
b
F
pv
I
c
i
c
i
b
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F
b
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b
F
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a
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b
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b
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b
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b
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pv
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c
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c
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b
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F
b
i
b
F
F
a
i
b
F
F
pv
I
c
i
30
20
10
4
)
30
38
(
)
20
28
(
)
10
18
(
3
31
21
11
2
)
31
37
(
)
21
27
(
)
11
17
(
1
(
4
)
ij
F
an
d
b
ij
F
: a
r
e
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
o
f
s
w
i
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es
.
T
ab
le
1
r
esu
m
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n
s
h
ip
s
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et
w
ee
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
a
n
d
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
o
r
v
ec
to
r
s
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
s
s
tate
(
V1
9
to
V
30
)
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
w
o
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k
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
w
it
h
t
wo
an
d
f
o
u
r
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
s
s
tate
(
V1
to
V1
8
an
d
V
31
to
V3
6
)
.
3
.
2
.
Ste
p 2
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ize
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
co
n
s
i
s
ts
i
n
co
n
s
tit
u
ti
n
g
v
ec
to
r
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
at
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
S1
to
S5
.
Six
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
ti
tu
ted
,
ea
c
h
o
n
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
s
ix
v
ec
to
r
s
(
T
ab
l
e
2
):
G
ro
u
p
1
(G
1
):
V
1
,
V
4
,
V7
,
V1
0
,
V
1
3
,
V1
6
G
ro
u
p
2
(G
2
):
V
2
,
V
6
,
V8
,
V1
2
,
V
1
4
,
V1
8
G
ro
u
p
3
(G
3
):
V
3
,
V
5
,
V9
,
V1
1
,
V
1
5
,
V1
7
G
ro
u
p
4
(G
4
):
V
1
9
,
V2
1
,
V2
3
,
V
2
5
,
V
2
7
,
V2
9
G
ro
u
p
5
(G
5
):
V
2
0
,
V2
2
,
V2
4
,
V
2
6
,
V
2
8
,
V3
0
G
ro
u
p
6
(G
6
):
V
3
1
,
V3
2
,
V3
3
,
V
3
4
,
V
3
5
,
V3
6
3.
3
.
Ste
p 3
T
h
is
s
tep
co
n
s
i
s
ts
to
an
al
y
zi
n
g
t
h
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cies
o
f
t
h
ese
s
ix
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
s
titu
ted
o
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
2
it c
an
r
e
m
ar
k
t
h
at
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
:
G
1
a
n
d
G
4
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
t
h
re
e
e
q
u
a
t
io
n
s S
1
,
S
2
a
n
d
S
3
,
G
2
a
n
d
G
3
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
f
o
u
r
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
a
n
d
S
4
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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u
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en
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911
G
5
a
n
d
G
6
d
e
p
e
n
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o
n
f
iv
e
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
,
S
4
a
n
d
S
5
C
o
n
s
id
er
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g
th
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h
o
to
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o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
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u
r
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en
t
I
p
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e
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o
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tain
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h
r
ee
p
o
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s
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ilit
ie
s
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o
f
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
G1
a
n
d
G4
(
5
)
,
s
ix
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
P
i
o
f
lo
ad
v
ar
i
atio
n
f
o
r
g
r
o
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p
s
G2
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d
G3
an
d
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r
tee
n
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies P
i o
f
lo
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v
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n
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
G5
a
n
d
G6
:
0
2
,
0
1
0
2
,
0
1
0
2
,
0
1
3
2
1
S
S
if
P
P
S
S
if
P
P
S
S
if
P
P
i
i
i
(
5
)
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
p
o
s
s
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ilit
ie
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o
f
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s
f
o
r
all
g
r
o
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p
s
,
w
e
o
b
tain
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
lta
g
e
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
as p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
3
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
.
3.
4
.
Ste
p 4
I
n
th
i
s
s
tep
,
a
ch
o
ice
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
s
elec
ted
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
.
W
ith
f
o
u
r
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
in
D
C
b
u
s
,
w
e
ca
n
o
b
tain
2
4
d
er
iv
at
io
n
ca
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
al
l
o
w
ed
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
2
4
d
er
iv
ati
o
n
ca
s
es
to
6
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
cr
iter
io
n
co
n
s
is
ts
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
v
ec
to
r
s
t
h
at
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
t
w
o
lar
g
est
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
lta
g
es
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
o
t
h
er
s
.
T
ab
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
t
o
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
n
ce
l
th
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
i
n
ca
p
a
cito
r
s
’
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
1
,
2
an
d
3
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
r
ea
l
d
ata
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
p
r
o
f
iles
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
a
r
ad
io
m
etr
ic
s
tat
io
n
in
s
talled
in
G
h
ar
d
aïa
cit
y
(
3
2
°2
6
’
N
0
3
°4
6
’
E
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
Glo
b
al
Ho
r
izo
n
t
al
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
GHI
(
W
/m
2
),
th
e
Dif
f
u
s
e
Ho
r
izo
n
tal
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
DHI
(
W
/m
2
)
,
th
e
Dir
ec
t
No
r
m
al
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
DN
I
(
W/m
2
)
a
n
d
th
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
a
(
°C
)
o
f
J
u
n
e
2
3
2
0
1
3
.
W
e
n
o
te
s
o
m
e
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
9
h
a
n
d
15
h
.
T
h
e
GHI
is
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
8
5
0
W
/m
2
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
s
b
et
w
ee
n
2
5
°C
a
n
d
35
°C
.
T
h
e
P
V
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
at
6
h
44
w
h
en
th
e
GH
I
is
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
1
0
0
W
/m
2
(
T
a
=2
4
.
9
°C
)
,
an
d
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
is
s
to
p
p
ed
at
18
h
47
w
h
en
t
h
e
GHI
is
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
1
0
0
W
/m
2
(
T
a
=3
3
.
1
°C
).
In
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
e
d
w
h
er
e
th
e
f
iv
e
le
v
els
i
n
v
er
te
r
is
f
ed
b
y
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
)
.
A
t
ti
m
e
s
t=1
0
h
40
an
d
t=1
5
h
30
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
v
al
u
e
is
v
ar
ied
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
f
r
o
m
L=0
.
4
H
to
L=0
.
4
5
H
an
d
L=0
.
3
5
H
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
ia
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
f
ter
t
h
at
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
(
a)
.
A
f
ter
ap
p
licati
o
n
o
f
RS
alg
o
r
ith
m
at
t
h
e
s
tar
t
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
D
C
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
es
U
c1
,U
c2
,U
c3
an
d
U
c4
o
f
f
i
v
e
le
v
el
s
i
n
v
er
ter
(
F
ig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
)
ar
e
eq
u
al
b
u
t
n
o
t
all
t
h
e
d
a
y
.
T
h
eir
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
ar
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
2
4
d
er
iv
atio
n
ca
s
es o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
ltag
e
to
o
n
l
y
6
in
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
s
elec
tio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
ad
io
m
etr
ic
d
ev
ices
(
Su
n
tr
ac
k
er
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
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2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
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0
7
–
9
1
6
912
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
Glo
b
al
Ho
r
iz
o
n
tal
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
(
GHI
)
,
Dif
f
u
s
Ho
r
izo
n
tal
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
(
DHI
)
,
Dir
ec
t N
o
r
m
a
l
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
(
DN
I
)
,
(
b
)
-
Am
b
ie
n
t
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
(
T
a)
T
ab
le
1
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
a
y
c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t state
s
V
e
c
t
o
r
s
i
c1
i
c2
i
c3
i
c4
S1=
S2=
S3=
S4=
S5=
V1
9
a
P
2
O
O
S1
S1
S3
S3
I
pv
-
i
a
I
pv
+i
b
+i
c
I
pv
b
P
1
N
1
N
1
S1
S3
S2
S3
c
O
N
2
N
2
S3
S3
S2
S2
V2
0
a
P
2
P
1
O
S1
S2
S5
S5
I
pv
-
i
a
-
i
b
I
pv
-
i
a
I
pv
+i
c
I
pv
+i
b
+i
c
I
pv
b
P
1
O
N
1
S2
S5
S3
S5
c
O
N
1
N
2
S5
S5
S4
S3
V2
1
a
P
2
P
2
O
S1
S1
S3
S3
I
pv
-
i
a
-
i
b
I
pv
+i
c
I
pv
b
P
1
P
1
N
1
S1
S3
S2
S3
c
OON2
S3
S3
S2
S2
V2
2
a
P
1
P
2
O
S1
S2
S5
S5
I
pv
-
i
a
-
i
b
I
pv
-
i
b
I
pv
+i
c
I
pv
+i
a
+i
c
I
pv
b
O
P
1
N
1
S2
S5
S3
S5
c
N
1
O
N
2
S5
S5
S4
S3
V2
3
a
O
P
2
O
S1
S1
S3
S3
I
pv
-
i
b
I
pv
+i
a
+i
c
I
pv
b
N
1
P
1
N
1
S1
S3
S2
S3
c
N
2
O
N
2
S3
S3
S2
S2
V2
4
a
O
P
2
P
1
S1
S2
S5
S5
I
pv
-
i
b
-
i
c
I
pv
-
i
b
I
pv
+i
a
I
pv
+i
a
+i
c
I
pv
b
N
1
P
1
O
S2
S5
S3
S5
c
N
2
O
N
1
S5
S5
S4
S3
V2
5
a
O
P
2
P
2
S1
S1
S3
S3
I
pv
-
i
b
-
i
c
I
pv
+
i
a
I
pv
b
N
1
P
1
P
1
S1
S3
S2
S3
c
N
2
O
O
S3
S3
S2
S2
V2
6
a
O
P
1
P
2
S1
S2
S5
S5
I
pv
-
i
b
-
i
c
I
pv
-
i
c
I
pv
+i
a
I
pv
+i
a
+i
b
I
pv
b
N
1
O
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e
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ro
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in
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I
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2
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ies
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.