In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
682~
6
8
9
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
6
82-
68
9
682
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Cu
rrent mode propo
rtional res
onant controlled multi
inpu
t–SEPIC-re-boost-system
B. Jagad
i
s
h
Kumar
1
, Ba
s
ava
ra
ja
Ba
n
a
k
ar
a
2
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D
e
p
a
rtm
e
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t
o
f El
ectrical
and
E
lectro
ni
cs E
ng
ine
e
ri
ng
, Kak
a
ti
ya
In
stit
u
t
e
o
f
t
echno
lo
gy
& S
cien
ce, India
2
Dep
a
rt
m
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nt of E
l
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rical
a
n
d
Elect
ron
i
cs En
g
in
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rin
g
, Uni
versit
y
U
B
DT
E
ng
g.
Coll
ege,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
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o
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y
:
R
e
c
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i
v
e
d
Sep
3
1
,
2
018
Re
vise
d N
ov
2
2
,
201
8
A
c
c
e
pte
d
D
ec 11,
2
0
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8
The
i
n
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e
nt
ion
o
f
t
hi
s
paper
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t
o
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ces
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it
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in
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on
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eady
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Pro
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oty
p
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has
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borat
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ex
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t
al
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a
re
a
uth
e
nt
icated
with
t
he s
imul
a
tion-resul
t
s.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Mu
lt
i-C
o
n
v
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r
System
(
MCS)
SEPIC-REB
OOS
T
Phot
o
v
o
lta
ic
Vol
ta
ge
P
R
Tw
o
L
oo
p
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
B.
J
a
g
a
d
i
s
h
K
u
m
a
r,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Eng
in
e
e
ring
,
K
a
ka
tiya
Ins
t
i
t
ute
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
og
y & S
c
ience
,
Wa
ran
g
al,
Te
la
nga
na
S
tate,
India
-
5
0
6
0
1
5
.
Em
ail:
j
a
ga
dee
s
h90
8@
gm
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
H
i
g
h
S
tep-
up
Con
v
e
r
ter w
i
t
h
th
r
ee-
w
i
ndi
ng
cou
p
l
e
d
i
n
duc
t
o
r for
fu
el
cel
l
e
n
ergy
s
ou
rce
a
p
pli
cat
io
ns
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
Kuo
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
es
ent
s
a
h
igh
st
ep
-up
c
onve
rt
er
f
o
r
f
u
e
l
ce
l
l
e
n
ergy
s
ou
rce
ap
pl
i
c
ati
o
ns.
Th
e
pro
pose
d
h
i
g
h
ste
p
-u
p
dc
-dc
con
v
erte
r
is
d
e
v
ise
d
f
or
b
o
o
s
tin
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
g
en
e
r
a
t
ed
fro
m
f
u
el
c
ell
to
b
e
a
40
0-V
dc-bus
v
o
lta
ge.
Thro
u
gh
the
t
h
r
ee-
w
i
nd
i
ng
c
o
u
p
l
ed
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
a
nd
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
o
u
b
l
e
r
c
irc
u
it,
t
he
p
ro
pos
ed
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
a
c
h
ie
v
e
s
hig
h
st
ep
-up
vo
lt
ag
e
g
a
in
w
it
hou
t
l
a
rg
e
dut
y
c
ycle.
The
pass
ive
lossles
s
clam
ped
tech
n
o
l
o
gy
n
o
t
only
r
e
c
y
c
l
e
s
l
e
a
ka
ge
e
ne
rg
y
to
i
mpro
ve
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
cy
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
al
le
via
t
e
s
l
a
r
ge
v
o
l
tage
s
p
i
ke
t
o
li
m
i
t the voltage
stress [1].
A
H
i
gh
S
t
e
p
-U
p
C
o
n
v
erter
w
i
t
h
a
v
olta
ge
m
ult
i
pl
ier
mod
u
le
f
or
a
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
aic
sys
t
em
i
s
pr
ese
n
t
e
d
by
S
h
i
h
.
A
no
ve
l
h
i
g
h
s
te
p-u
p
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
p
ro
pose
d
f
or
a
f
ron
t
-e
n
d
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
ic
s
yste
m.
T
hroug
h
a
vo
l
t
a
g
e
mult
i
p
lie
r
m
o
d
u
le
,
a
n
a
s
y
mm
etric
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
l
eave
d
h
i
gh
ste
p
-u
p
c
o
n
ver
t
e
r
o
bta
i
ns
h
igh
ste
p
-up
ga
i
n
w
it
hou
t
opera
tin
g
a
t
a
n
e
x
trem
e
d
u
ty
r
at
io.
T
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
mu
lt
ipl
i
e
r
m
o
du
le
i
s
com
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l
b
oost
con
v
er
t
e
r
a
n
d
cou
p
l
ed
i
nd
uc
tor
s
.
A
n
e
xtra
c
on
ve
nt
i
ona
l
b
oos
t
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
is
i
n
t
egra
t
e
d
i
n
to
t
he
f
i
r
st
pha
se
t
o
ac
hi
e
v
e a
c
onsi
d
er
ab
ly h
i
gher
vo
lta
ge c
o
n
v
e
r
si
on ra
t
i
o
[2].
A
n
I
sola
te
d
D
C
/D
C
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
usi
ng
h
i
gh-
fre
que
nc
y
u
n
r
e
gula
t
e
d
L
L
C
re
sona
nt
c
o
nve
rter
f
or
f
ue
l
ce
l
l
a
p
p
lica
t
io
ns
i
s
s
u
gge
ste
d
b
y
H
a
n.
T
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
su
g
g
es
ts
a
n
i
s
o
la
te
d
dc
/dc
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
u
si
n
g
a
n
un
r
e
gu
la
ted
LLC
c
o
n
v
erter
for
fue
l
c
el
l
a
p
p
lic
at
io
ns.
The
LL
C
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
ope
ra
te
s
a
s
a
n
i
s
ola
t
e
d
v
o
l
tage
a
mp
li
fi
er
w
it
h
a
con
s
ta
n
t
v
o
lta
ge
g
a
i
n,
a
nd
a
no
n
i
so
l
a
t
e
d
c
o
n
v
erter
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
i
nput
s
t
a
g
e
r
e
gul
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Curre
nt
m
o
de pro
p
o
r
tio
na
l r
e
so
na
n
t
c
ontr
o
lle
d m
u
l
t
i
i
n
p
u
t
–
S
EPIC-re
-b
o
o
st-sy
s
te
m
(B.
J
a
g
a
d
ish K
u
m
a
r)
68
3
un
der
a
w
i
de
v
a
r
iat
i
o
n
o
f
fue
l
c
el
l
s
t
ac
k
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
By
s
epa
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
unc
tions,
t
h
e
unre
g
u
l
a
t
e
d
L
LC
c
o
nver
t
e
r
ca
n
be
oper
a
te
d
at
a
n
o
p
tim
al
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
ng
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on,
a
nd
the
h
i
g
h
-
f
req
u
e
n
cy
oper
a
tio
n
of
3
0
0
k
H
z
c
a
n
b
e
ac
com
p
lis
he
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
in
t
ro
d
u
ci
n
g
an
exc
e
s
s
ive
sw
itc
hi
ng
lo
ss
[
3
].
A
Casca
d
ed
H
igh
S
t
e
p
-U
p
D
C
–D
C
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
w
i
t
h
s
i
n
g
l
e
sw
itc
h
for
Mic
r
o
so
urce
a
p
p
lica
t
i
ons
i
s
given
by
J
iann.
The
figuration
o
f
the
proposed
c
onverter
i
s
a
q
ua
dr
at
ic
b
o
o
s
t
c
onve
rte
r
w
ith
t
he
c
ou
ple
d
in
duc
t
o
r
i
n
t
he
s
ec
on
d
b
o
o
st
c
on
verter
.
The
con
v
erte
r
a
c
h
i
eve
s
h
i
g
h
s
te
p-u
p
v
olta
ge
g
a
i
n
w
i
t
h
a
p
p
ro
pria
te
du
ty
r
a
t
i
o
a
nd
low
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
t
r
ess
o
n
t
h
e
pow
e
r
s
w
i
tc
h.
A
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
e
n
erg
y
s
t
o
r
e
d
in
t
he
l
e
a
ka
ge
i
n
duc
t
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
c
oup
l
e
d
i
ndu
ct
o
r
c
a
n
b
e
rec
y
cl
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
ou
tpu
t
cap
a
c
it
o
r
.
The
o
p
era
t
i
n
g
prin
ci
ple
s
a
n
d
s
te
ad
y-sta
t
e
ana
l
yses
o
f c
o
nti
n
u
o
u
s-co
nd
uct
i
on m
o
d
e
a
nd b
o
u
n
d
ar
y-c
o
n
d
u
ct
i
on
m
o
de are discussed
i
n
d
et
ail
[
4
].
An Inter
le
ave
d
Boos
t C
o
n
v
ert
e
r
with Ze
r
o-v
o
l
t
a
g
e
t
r
ans
iti
o
n
i
s
pr
ese
n
t
e
d
by H
s
ie
h. Th
i
s
con
v
e
r
ter
i
s
able
t
o
turn
o
n
both
t
h
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
pow
er
s
w
itc
hes
a
t
z
ero
v
o
l
t
age
to
r
e
d
uce
the
i
r
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
l
o
sses
a
nd
e
v
i
d
e
n
tl
y
raise
the
c
o
n
v
e
r
sion
e
fficie
n
c
y
.
S
i
nce
t
h
e
tw
o
para
l
l
e
l
-
opera
t
e
d
el
emen
t
a
ry
boo
st
u
ni
t
s
a
re
i
d
e
n
t
i
cal
,
opera
tio
n
ana
l
ys
is
a
n
d
d
es
i
gn
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
m
odu
le
b
ec
ome
s
qu
i
t
e
simp
le.
A
la
b
o
rat
o
ry
t
es
t
c
i
rcui
t
is
bu
ilt,
a
nd
the
c
i
rc
u
i
t
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
show
s
sa
tisfa
c
t
or
y a
g
ree
m
e
n
t
w
ith t
he th
e
or
etica
l
a
na
l
y
si
s
[5].
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
on
o
f
P
V
b
a
s
e
d
E
m
b
edde
d
Z-so
urc
e
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
f
e
d
thre
e
p
h
a
se
i
nd
uc
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
or
w
ith
P
I
con
t
ro
l
l
er
a
nd
P
I
D
c
ont
r
o
lle
r
based
c
l
os
e
d
l
o
o
p
s
y
s
t
e
ms
i
s
s
u
g
g
es
ted
by
Ma
la
th
i
.
EZS
I
i
s
a
g
o
od
cho
i
c
e
betwee
n
P
V
a
n
d
t
hre
e
p
hase
l
oad
s
s
ince
P
V
sys
t
em
can
b
e
ea
si
ly
sp
l
i
t
i
n
t
o
tw
o
pa
rts.
T
h
i
s
w
o
rk
p
ro
pos
es
P
V
base
d
EZS
I
fe
d
t
h
r
ee
pha
se
i
n
duc
t
i
on
m
ot
o
r
w
ith
P
I
an
d
P
I
D
c
ont
rol
l
e
r
close
d
l
oo
p
sys
t
em
.
P
I
a
n
d
P
ID
con
t
ro
l
l
ed
s
ys
te
ms
a
re
d
esi
gne
d
a
nd
sim
u
l
a
te
d
usin
g
MA
T
L
A
B
.
The
p
ri
n
c
ip
les
o
f
o
pera
ti
o
n
a
nd
sim
u
la
tio
n
results ar
e
di
scussed
[
6
].
A
saf
e
ty
e
nh
anc
e
d
h
igh
st
ep
-u
p
DC-DC
con
v
e
rt
e
r
f
o
r
A
C
ph
ot
o
vol
t
a
i
c
m
odu
le
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
i
s
gi
ve
n
by
L
ian
g
.
Wit
h
i
n
t
he
p
ho
t
ovol
ta
ic
(
P
V
)
pow
er-
g
ener
ation
m
a
rket,
t
h
e
a
c
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
grow
t
h
.
H
o
w
e
ver,
a
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
c
o
n
v
e
rter
i
s
esse
n
t
i
a
l
for
t
h
e
m
odu
l
e
's
g
ri
d
c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
on
t
h
r
ough
a
d
c
-
ac
in
verter
.
This
p
ape
r
p
r
o
p
o
ses
a
con
v
er
t
e
r
t
h
a
t
e
mpl
o
ys
a
f
l
o
at
i
ng
a
c
t
i
v
e
sw
i
t
c
h
t
o
iso
l
a
t
e
ene
r
gy
from
t
he
P
V
pane
l
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
a
c
m
odule
is
o
ff
;
th
is
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
de
si
gn
prote
c
t
s
insta
l
ler
s
a
nd
u
s
er
s
fro
m
e
le
ctrica
l
ha
za
rds.
Wi
t
h
o
u
t
ex
tre
m
e
duty
rat
i
os
a
nd
t
h
e
n
u
me
rous
t
urns-r
at
ios
of
a
co
up
le
d
in
duc
t
o
r,
t
hi
s
con
v
er
t
e
r
a
c
h
ie
ve
s
a
hi
gh
st
e
p
-u
p
v
o
l
t
a
g
e-
co
nvers
io
n
ra
t
i
o
;
t
he
l
eaka
g
e
in
d
u
ct
or
e
ne
r
gy
o
f
t
he
c
o
u
p
le
d
i
n
duc
t
o
r
i
s
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
tl
y
re
cy
c
l
ed
t
o
th
e
l
o
ad
[7
]
.
I
n
t
e
rlea
ve
d
co
nver
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
u
lt
ip
li
er
cell
for
h
i
g
h
ste
p-
up
a
n
d
h
i
gh-e
fficie
n
c
y
c
on
versi
o
n
i
s
prese
n
t
e
d
by
Z
h
ao.
A
no
vel
i
n
ter
l
e
a
ve
d
h
i
g
h
s
te
p-u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
w
i
t
h
v
o
lta
ge
m
ul
t
i
p
l
ier
ce
l
l
i
s
pro
p
o
se
d
i
n
th
i
s
pape
r
to
a
v
o
i
d
t
he
e
x
t
re
me
l
y
narr
o
w
tur
n
-
o
ff
p
eri
o
d
a
nd
t
o
r
edu
ce
t
he
c
ur
rent
r
i
pple
,
w
h
i
c
h
f
l
o
w
s
t
hrou
gh
t
h
e
pow
er
d
ev
ice
s
c
om
pare
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
c
on
ve
nt
i
o
na
l
i
n
t
e
rlea
ve
d
bo
os
t
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
i
n
hig
h
s
t
e
p-u
p
a
pp
l
i
ca
tio
ns.
Interle
a
v
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
i
s
em
p
l
oye
d
in
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
s
ide
to
d
is
t
r
ib
u
t
e
t
h
e
i
n
put
c
u
r
re
nt
,
an
d
t
h
e
vol
t
a
g
e
m
ul
t
i
pl
i
e
r
ce
l
l
i
s
ado
p
t
ed
i
n t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
i
d
e
to ac
h
ie
ve
a
hig
h ste
p
-
u
p g
a
in [
8].
F
o
r
susta
i
na
b
l
e
ener
gy
a
p
pl
i
cati
o
ns,
a
hi
g
h
step-
u
p
-
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
w
ith
v
o
l
ta
ge-
m
ul
tip
lier
m
o
d
u
le
s
w
a
s
rec
o
mm
ende
d
by
H
u
an
g.
T
h
i
s
w
o
rk
i
ntr
oduc
ed
a
n
e
w
-se
p
a
r
ate
d
h
ig
h
s
tri
d
e-u
p
-
c
on
verte
r
f
or
s
e
n
sib
l
e
essen
tia
l
a
p
p
l
ic
ati
o
n
s
.
Thro
u
gh
a
n
a
d
j
u
s
ta
bl
e
vo
lta
ge
-mul
t
i
plie
r
m
o
d
u
le,
t
h
e
i
n
tr
od
uce
d
-
c
on
ver
t
e
r
a
c
h
ie
ved
a
hi
gh
s
t
ri
de
u
p
ge
t
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
u
ti
l
i
z
i
n
g
e
ither
a
n
e
xpa
nsi
v
e-
ob
liga
ti
on
-p
rop
o
r
t
i
on
o
r
a
hi
gh
t
u
r
n'
s
e
x
t
e
n
t
.
Th
e
vo
lta
ge-m
u
lti
p
l
i
e
r
mo
d
u
les
w
e
re
m
ade
ou
t of
c
o
u
p
le
d-i
n
duc
tors
a
n
d
ex
cha
n
g
e
d
-
ca
p
acit
o
rs
.
On
a
cc
o
unt
o
f
the
id
l
e
l
os
sle
ss
faste
n
ed
e
xe
cu
t
i
o
n
,
sp
illa
ge
i
mpe
r
ati
v
ene
s
s
w
a
s
r
e
u
se
d
,
w
h
i
ch
f
a
c
i
l
it
a
t
ed
a
g
i
g
ant
i
c
v
o
lt
ag
e
spi
k
e ov
e
r
t
h
e
e
sse
nt
i
a
l
swit
ch
e
s
and
u
pg
rade
s ca
p
a
bi
li
t
y
[9].
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
a
b
l
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
o
f
t
he
b
o
o
s
t
-
i
n
duc
tor
,
c
ustom
a
ry
b
o
o
s
t
-
con
v
er
t
e
rs w
ere
no
t pre
p
are
d
to
s
u
rr
ender
hi
gh v
o
l
t
a
g
e pic
k
. A
hig
h
-pro
fi
tab
i
lit
y hi
gh-s
t
ride u
p c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r w
a
s
pro
pose
d
,
w
i
t
h
lit
tle
v
ol
ta
g
e
burde
n
o
n
c
on
tro
l
s
w
itch,
c
on
tro
l
d
i
o
de
s
and
y
i
e
l
d
c
a
pac
i
t
o
rs.
The
bo
ost-
con
v
er
t
e
r
fil
l
e
d
i
n
as
a
dyna
m
i
c-br
ace
-circ
u
i
t
t
o
sm
ot
her
the
v
o
l
t
a
ge-s
pi
ke
o
n
con
t
ro
l
t
u
rn
i
n
the
m
i
ds
t
of
t
h
e
ki
ll-tra
n
s
i
e
n
t
p
e
rio
d
. The ke
y varia
b
le
s for s
u
s
t
a
i
na
bl
e
-
e
n
e
r
gy
-
pow
e
r-con
v
e
rsi
o
n i
n
m
ode
rn app
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
w
er
e
Effic
i
e
n
c
y
,
c
o
ntr
o
l
qua
lit
y,
a
nd
u
n
w
a
ver
i
n
g
q
ua
l
i
t
y
.
D
u
i
n
t
ro
d
u
ce
d
a
n
e
w
pl
a
n
t
o
en
hanc
e
e
x
hi
b
iti
ons
o
f
hi
gh-
v
o
lta
ge
e
xpa
ns
i
v
e
lim
i
t
p
h
o
t
ov
ol
ta
ic
pow
e
r
s
ta
t
i
o
n
s
.
N
ovel
h
igh-
pr
ofic
ienc
y
s
t
ep-u
p
co
nve
r
t
e
r
w
as
gi
ve
n
by
T
se
n
g
[
1
0
].
E
xa
mi
nat
i
o
n
o
f
i
ncor
por
a
t
ed
l
i
f
t
fl
y
-
bac
k
s
t
e
p
-u
p
con
v
er
t
e
r
w
a
s
disp
la
ye
d
b
y
L
i
a
ng.
The
w
o
rk
in
g
m
odel
s
,
the
o
re
tica
l
e
xam
i
na
ti
on,
a
n
d
d
ia
gr
a
m
a
r
r
ang
e
m
e
n
t
of
a
h
ig
h-c
a
p
ab
i
l
i
t
y
w
a
nde
r
u
p
con
v
er
t
e
r
w
e
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
c
oor
dina
t
e
d
I
n
te
rlea
ve
d
Bo
os
t
F
l
y-bac
k
Conve
rt
e
r
(IBFC)
use
d
c
ou
pl
ed
-i
nd
u
c
to
r
me
tho
dol
o
g
i
es
t
o
ach
ie
ve
h
i
g
h-
st
e
p
-u
p
v
o
lta
ge
w
ith
l
ow
c
om
m
i
t
m
e
nt
e
x
t
e
n
t,
a
n
d
t
husl
y
t
he
i
ncl
i
n
at
i
on-
pay-
circ
u
i
t
w
a
s dis
c
a
r
ded
[1
1,
12]
.
Re
ne
w
a
b
l
e-e
n
ergy-
sys
t
em
s
w
i
t
h
p
h
o
t
ov
ol
taic-
p
o
w
er-ge
n
era
t
o
r
s,
o
p
erat
ion
an
d
-
mode
l
i
ng
w
ere
rec
o
mm
ende
d
by
B
i
a
l
as
iew
i
c
z
.
A
g
ene
r
o
u
s
i
n
c
r
em
en
t
of
p
ho
t
o
v
o
lta
ic
(
P
V
)
pow
e
r-ge
n
e
r
ators
e
s
ta
bl
is
h
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
s
o
c
cu
rre
d
a
s
o
f
l
at
e,
b
ecau
s
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
a
nd
ing
p
r
of
ic
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
sun-
orie
nte
d
cel
ls
a
n
d
i
n
a
ddi
ti
o
n
t
he
enha
nc
em
en
ts
o
f
assem
b
lin
g
in
nova
tio
n
o
f
s
un-
orie
nte
d
b
oar
d
s.
T
hese
g
ene
r
at
ors
ar
e
bo
t
h
g
r
i
d-
asso
ciate
d
and
rem
a
in
s
o
litar
y
a
pp
l
i
cat
i
o
ns.
A
h
ybr
i
d
f
u
e
l
ce
l
l
p
ow
er
s
ys
t
e
m
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
&
i
t
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
s
o
f
a
f
u
e
l
-
c
e
l
l
,
an
i
so
la
te
d-u
n
i
d
irec
tio
na
l-c
o
n
v
erter
,
a
b
i
-
di
r
ect
i
o
nal-
con
v
e
r
te
r,
a
n-inverter
a
nd
a-battery.
A
new
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
682
–
6
89
68
4
un
idire
c
t
i
o
nal-
con
v
e
r
ter,
h
yb
ri
d-full-bridge-LLC
-r
eso
n
an
t
co
nve
r
t
er,
wa
s
pro
p
o
se
d
a
nd
g
o
es
a
bo
ut
a
s
a
un
idire
c
t
i
o
nal-
con
v
e
r
ter
i
n
t
he
system
[1
3]
.
D
esi
gn
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
i
s
o
f
st
a
t
i
o
nar
y
fram
e
P
R
curr
ent
c
o
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
f
o
r
perfo
r
m
a
n
ce
im
p
r
ov
em
ent
of
g
r
i
d
ti
e
d
P
V
i
n
v
e
rte
r
s
is
g
ive
n
by
Mo
ha
n
t
y.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ape
r
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
se
g
rid
co
nn
e
c
t
e
d
pho
to
vol
t
a
i
c
(
P
V
)
sy
st
em
has
bee
n
m
ode
le
d
a
n
d
sim
u
la
ted
us
ing
Mat
l
ab/S
im
u
l
i
nk.
T
he
P
V
ge
nera
tor
is
i
n
t
e
r
fa
ced
w
it
h
t
h
e
uti
l
i
t
y
gri
d
by
a
si
n
g
l
e
-
p
hase
V
o
l
ta
ge
S
ourc
e
I
nve
rte
r
(
V
S
I).
A
M
axim
um
P
ow
e
r
P
o
in
t
Tr
ack
i
ng
(MP
P
T)
c
on
t
r
ol
alg
o
ri
t
h
m
is
i
mplem
e
n
t
ed
t
o
e
x
tr
act
maximum
powe
r
from
the
PV
g
e
n
era
t
or
i
r
r
espec
t
ive
of
o
p
e
ra
t
i
ng
con
d
i
t
i
on
s.
T
he
D
C-D
C
b
o
o
s
t
co
nve
r
t
er
p
la
ced
i
n
be
tw
e
e
n
P
V
g
ene
rator
and
VS
I
perf
or
ms
M
P
P
T
and
am
plif
i
e
s
the
ou
t
p
u
t
v
olta
ge
f
rom
PV
a
rray
to
d
es
ire
d
l
e
v
el.
A
c
o
n
t
ro
l
strate
g
y
t
o
re
gu
la
te
t
he
qua
lit
y
of
pow
er
i
n
j
ecte
d
by
the
gr
id
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
V
S
I
i
s
pro
pose
d
.
Tw
o
c
o
ntr
oller
s
a
re
d
es
ig
ne
d
for
t
h
e
gr
id
s
ide
D
C
-
A
C
in
verter
o
ne
i
s
the
pro
por
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
te
gra
l
(
P
I
)
vo
ltage
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
w
h
i
c
h
r
egu
l
ate
s
t
he
D
C
l
i
nk
v
o
lta
ge,
the
ot
her
is
t
he
P
rop
o
rt
i
ona
l
+
Reso
na
nt
(
P
R
)
c
u
rre
n
t
c
on
tro
l
ler
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
in
t
a
in
s
th
e
cu
rren
t
i
nj
e
c
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
in
to
g
ri
d in p
ha
se
w
ith t
he
g
ri
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e s
o
t
h
a
t
un
i
t
y
p
o
w
e
r
fa
cto
r
ca
n
b
e ac
h
i
ev
ed
[
14
].
D
e
si
g
n
a
nd
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
s
t
a
tio
na
ry
f
rame
P
R
current
c
ont
r
o
l
l
er
f
or
p
er
form
ance
i
m
p
rovement
o
f
grid
ti
e
d
P
V
inver
t
e
r
s
is
p
r
e
sente
d
b
y
M
oha
n
t
y
.
T
he
P
V
syst
em
i
s
in
t
er
fac
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
g
r
i
d
by
a
sin
g
le
-
phase
vo
lta
ge
s
o
u
r
c
e
i
n
verte
r
(
V
S
I).
A
Ma
xim
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
Tra
c
k
i
n
g
(
MP
P
T
)
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r
i
s
des
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
dr
aw
ma
ximum
p
o
w
e
r
fr
om
t
he
P
V
arr
a
y.
T
he
D
C-D
C
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
ve
rter
car
r
i
e
s
o
u
t
t
h
e
ta
sk
o
f
MP
P
tra
c
k
i
ng
a
n
d
am
plif
i
e
s
the
out
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
P
V
a
rra
y
t
o
de
sir
e
d
le
ve
l.
A
c
o
ntr
o
l
s
t
ra
te
gy
to
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
the
qua
l
ity
o
f
pow
e
r
in
j
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
grid
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
V
S
I
i
s
pr
opo
se
d.
T
w
o
c
o
n
t
rolle
rs
a
re
d
e
s
ig
ned
for
the
gri
d
s
i
d
e
V
S
I
one
i
s
t
h
e
pro
port
i
ona
l
+
I
nte
g
r
a
l
(P
I
)
volta
ge
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
and
the
oth
e
r
i
s
t
he
P
ro
p
o
rt
i
o
na
l
a
nd
R
e
so
nan
t
(
P
R
)
c
u
rrent
con
t
ro
l
l
er
w
hi
c
h
m
ainta
i
ns t
he
c
urre
nt
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e i
nver
t
e
r
int
o gr
i
d
i
n
pha
se
w
ith
t
he
g
ri
d
v
o
l
t
age
[1
5].
Design
a
na
lys
i
s
and
si
m
u
lati
on
o
f
a
New
current
c
ontr
oller
for
w
i
nd
pow
e
r
g
ene
r
ati
o
n
sys
t
e
m
u
sin
g
P
r
op
or
tio
na
l
a
nd
Reso
na
nc
e
(P
R)
C
on
tro
l
i
s
s
u
g
g
es
ted
by
B
oc
h
u
an
[
1
6
]
.
P
hot
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
b
ase
d
p
r
o
por
tio
na
l
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
ont
ro
ll
e
d
b
u
c
k
b
oost
co
nv
ert
e
r
wi
t
h
c
ou
pl
e
d
i
ndu
cto
r
b
y
v
a
n
it
ha.
Th
is
w
ork
de
al
s
w
i
th
m
o
d
e
l
in
g
a
n
d
si
mul
a
ti
on
o
f
B
u
c
k
B
oost
Co
nv
e
r
t
e
r
wi
th
C
oup
l
e
d
In
du
c
t
o
r
(
B
B
CCI)
sys
t
em
w
ith
P
r
opor
tio
na
l
+a
nd
R
e
s
ona
n
t
(
PR)
co
n
t
rol
l
er.
Th
e
o
b
j
ect
i
v
e
of
t
hi
s
w
o
rk
i
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
ove
dyna
m
i
c
r
e
s
p
o
n
se
o
f
clo
s
ed
l
o
o
p
BB
CCI
sy
st
em
u
s
i
ng
P
R
c
o
nt
rol
l
e
r.
T
h
e
c
lo
se
d
lo
op
c
ont
rol
l
ed
B
BCCI
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
P
I
a
n
d
P
R
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
a
r
e
mode
le
d,
s
im
ula
t
e
d
a
n
d
t
he
r
e
s
u
lts
a
re
a
na
l
y
ze
d.
T
he
r
es
u
lts
i
n
d
i
cate
tha
t
t
he
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
espo
nse
is
i
m
p
ro
ved
us
i
n
g
P
R
c
on
tr
olle
r.
T
he
p
ro
pos
ed
s
y
s
tem
ha
s
a
dva
n
t
a
g
es
l
i
k
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
T
H
D
,
l
ow
s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g
t
i
me
a
nd
stea
d
y
st
a
t
e
err
o
r
[1
7].
In
c
on
trast
t
o
t
he
q
ua
nti
t
y
o
f
s
w
itc
h
e
s
uti
l
i
z
e
d
in
t
he
o
rdina
r
y
m
u
lt
i
l
e
v
el
-in
v
erte
r
top
o
l
og
ies
,
n
u
m
erou
s
t
opo
l
ogi
e
s
a
re
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
oun
t
-
f
alls
e
x
c
h
a
ngi
n
g
g
a
dg
et
s
[1
8,
1
2].
I
t
i
s
a
p
p
lic
able
t
ha
t
e
ach
s
w
itc
h
del
i
v
ers
a
mis
f
ort
u
ne
i
n
t
h
e
fram
e
w
o
r
k
a
m
i
d
O
N
a
n
d
O
F
F
t
asks.
O
n
the
off
c
h
ance
t
ha
t
t
h
e
qua
n
tity
o
f
sw
it
c
h
i
n
g
ga
d
g
et
s
di
m
i
n
i
she
s
,
th
e
agg
r
e
g
a
t
e
swit
chi
n
g
misf
o
r
t
u
n
es
i
n
t
h
e
in
ve
rter
w
ill
like
w
i
s
e
be
r
a
d
ica
lly
dec
r
ea
se
d
[23]
,
[24].
The
co
n
duc
t
of
F
LC
i
s
co
ntra
ste
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
st
a
n
dard
P
I
contro
l
l
er
w
hic
h
i
s
n
on-
dir
e
c
t
i
n
nat
u
re
.
A
PI
c
on
tro
lle
r
is
a
g
e
n
era
lly
a
cc
e
ssible
c
l
o
s
e
d
-l
oo
p
i
npu
t
m
e
c
h
an
ism
w
h
i
c
h
is
b
ei
n
g
u
til
i
zed
i
n
sign
ifica
n
t a
p
p
lica
t
i
ons t
o ha
ve
a
cove
t
e
d a
n
d
sta
b
le y
ie
ld
[
25
].
The
a
b
o
v
e
pap
e
rs
do
no
t
de
al
w
ith
c
omb
i
nat
i
o
n
o
f
S
E
P
I
C-
Re
-b
oo
st
c
on
v
e
rt
e
r
s
fo
r
mu
ltip
l
e
s
ou
rc
e
s
at
t
he
i
npu
t.
T
hi
s
rese
arc
h
s
u
gge
sts
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
ina
tio
n
of
S
E
P
IC
a
nd
Re-b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
erter
s
.
The
a
b
ove
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
doe
s
n
o
t
rep
o
r
t
c
urre
n
t
m
ode
P
R-
P
R
c
ont
r
o
lle
d
mu
lt
i-
i
np
ut
S
EP
I
C-
R
e
-
bo
os
t
sy
st
e
m
.
Th
is
w
or
k
pr
o
pos
es
PR-P
R
controller for MISRC
S
.
2.
SY
S
T
E
M
D
ESCRIPTIO
N
The
Bloc
k-D
i
a
g
ra
m
of
C
lose
d-tw
o
L
o
op-
M
C
S
w
i
t
h
P
R-C
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r
i
s
e
xpos
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
1
.
A
c
tua
l
-
spee
d
i
s
e
va
l
u
ated
w
i
t
h
the
re
fere
nce
-
spee
d
and
t
h
e
‘err
or
i
s
a
p
p
lie
d
to
P
R.
T
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
P
R
i
s
gi
ve
n
t
o
a
c
o
mp
a
r
ato
r
w
h
i
ch
e
va
lu
at
es
s
a
w
-t
o
o
t
h
w
ith
t
h
e
o
u
t
put
o
f
PR
.
Th
e
P
R
system
u
pd
at
es
t
he
w
i
d
t
h
o
f
p
u
lse
appl
ied t
o
t
he
MOSF
ET of SEPIC& RBC.
F
i
gure
1.
B
l
o
c
k
-
d
i
a
gram
of clo
s
ed-
t
w
o
L
o
o
p
-M
CS
w
ith P
R-P
R
con
tr
o
lle
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Curre
nt
m
o
de pro
p
o
r
tio
na
l r
e
so
na
n
t
c
ontr
o
lle
d m
u
l
t
i
i
n
p
u
t
–
S
EPIC-re
-b
o
o
st-sy
s
te
m
(B.
J
a
g
a
d
ish K
u
m
a
r)
68
5
3.
SY
S
T
E
M
A
N
A
LYSIS
Eq
ui
va
len
t
‘
L a
nd
C’ a
re
e
xp
re
sse
d
a
s
fol
l
o
w
s
:
L
=
Δ
(1
)
C =
(2
)
wher
e,
f
s
- ‘
S
w
itch
i
ng-fr
e
que
n
c
y’
D-
‘
Du
t
y
-rat
i
o
’
Δ
I
-
‘
R
ip
pl
e-
c
u
rr
e
n
t
’
V
i-
‘Inpu
t-v
o
l
t
a
ge’
R
-
‘Loa
d
Res
is
t
a
nce’
‘Output of
PID’ i
s as
f
ollows:
V
o
=
K
1
e
+
K
2
ʃe dt
+
K
3
de/
d
t
(
3)
K
1
-
‘P
roport
i
ona
l-err
o
r-c
onst
a
nt’
K
2
-
‘
I
ntegral-error-
const
a
nt’
K
3-
‘
D
e
riva
tive
-
er
ror-c
onst
a
n
t
’
‘Effic
ie
nc
y’
i
s ca
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
s fol
l
o
w
s
:
ή=V
2
I
2
/ V
1
I
1
(
4
)
V
1 - ‘Input
-V
oltage’
V
2
-
‘O
utp
u
t
-V
ol
t
a
ge’
I
1
- ‘I
nput-
C
urr
e
nt’
I
2
–
‘
O
u
t
p
ut-current’
4.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
Mu
l
t
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
erter
-
sys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
tip
le-in
p
u
t-s
ource
s
of
O
pe
n
-l
oop
sys
t
em
w
it
h
d
i
sturba
nce
i
s
appe
are
d
i
n
F
i
gure
2.
A
s
t
e
p-
cha
n
ge
i
n
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
a
p
pl
ie
d
a
t
the
in
p
u
t
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
-v
ol
ta
ge
i
s
de
li
ne
a
t
ed
i
n
F
i
gure
3 an
d it
s
va
lue
i
n
cr
ease
s
fr
o
m 12
to 1
8V
.
The
m
o
tor-spee
d
is
a
ppea
r
ed i
n F
i
g
u
re
4
and
i
t
s
va
lue
i
s
8
0
0
RP
M.The
Tor
q
ue-
R
e
s
ponse
i
s
appe
are
d
i
n F
i
gur
e 5.
The
tor
que
o
sc
i
llate
s
and
se
tt
e
l
s
at 1.
9
N
-
m
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
O
p
e
n
-lo
op-
MC
S
sys
t
e
m
w
ith ste
p-rise
i
n in
p
u
t
v
o
ltage
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
nput
-vo
lta
ge
F
i
gure
4.
M
o
t
o
r
-
s
pe
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
682
–
6
89
68
6
F
i
gure
5. Tor
q
u
e-re
spo
n
se
Mu
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
rter
s
ys
tem
w
ith
m
u
lti
p
l
e
i
n
put
s
o
u
rce
s
o
f
c
l
os
ed-
l
oop-
s
ys
tem
with
P
I-
P
I
c
ontroller
is
a
p
p
e
a
re
d in
F
i
gure
6.
F
i
gure
6.
C
l
o
se
d-l
o
o
p
M
CS
w
ith
P
I-P
I control
l
er
The
i
n
pu
t
-
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
M
L
IS
-M
I
S
i
s
ap
pea
r
ed
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
7
a
nd
it
s
v
a
l
ue
18
V
.
The
Motor-spee
d
o
f
MLIS
-
M
I
S
i
s
a
p
pe
are
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
8
a
n
d
i
t
s
v
a
l
ue
i
s
60
0
RP
M
.
T
he
T
o
rqu
e
-
R
e
s
pon
s
e
o
f
M
L
IS
-
M
I
S
i
s
appe
are
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
a
n
d
i
ts val
ue is
2.5
N
-
m
.
T
he
T
orqu
e
-
Ri
pp
l
e of M
L
I
S-MIS
is
a
ppe
a
r
ed
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
10
a
n
d
its
v
al
ue is
0
.
3 N
-
m.
F
i
gure
7.
I
npu
t-
volta
ge
F
i
gure
8.
Mo
t
o
r
-speeds
Fi
g
u
re
9
.
T
o
rqu
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
F
i
gure
10.
Tor
qu
e
-ri
pp
les
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Curre
nt
m
o
de pro
p
o
r
tio
na
l r
e
so
na
n
t
c
ontr
o
lle
d m
u
l
t
i
i
n
p
u
t
–
S
EPIC-re
-b
o
o
st-sy
s
te
m
(B.
J
a
g
a
d
ish K
u
m
a
r)
68
7
M
u
lti
l
e
v
el
i
nv
ert
e
r
sy
ste
m
w
i
t
h
mu
lti
p
le
i
n
put
s
ou
rce
s
o
f
c
l
o
s
ed
-
l
o
op
-syst
e
m
w
i
th
P
R-P
R
con
t
ro
l
l
er
i
s
a
p
pe
are
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
-
vo
lt
a
g
e o
f
M
L
I
S-
M
I
S
i
s
a
pp
eare
d
i
n
Fi
gu
re
1
2
an
d
i
t
s
v
a
l
ue
18
V
.
T
h
e
M
o
t
o
r
-
s
p
e
e
d
o
f
M
L
I
S
-
M
I
S
w
i
t
h
P
R
-
P
R c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
a
p
pe
a
r
e
d
i
n
F
ig
ure
1
3
a
n
d
i
t
s
v
a
l
ue
i
s
6
00 RP
M.
The Torq
ue-
R
esp
onse
of ML
I
S-MIS
w
ith
P
R-PR
c
on
t
r
o
lle
r
is
a
p
p
ear
ed i
n F
i
g
u
re 1
4
a
nd i
t
s va
lue
is 1.9 N
-m
.
The
Torq
ue-R
i
p
p
l
e
o
f
M
LIS
-
MIS
w
i
t
h
P
R-P
R
c
on
trol
l
e
r i
s
a
ppear
ed
i
n
Fig
u
re
15 a
nd
i
t
s
val
u
e is 1.
8
N
-
m
.
The
c
o
m
p
aris
o
n
o
f
T
i
m
e
-
d
o
m
a
i
n-
para
me
t
e
rs
i
s
g
i
ven
i
n
T
ab
le-1.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g-
P
R
-P
R-c
o
nt
r
o
ller
,
t
he
set
tli
ng-t
i
me
i
s
decr
ease
d
fro
m
4.
5
t
o
2
.4
s
e
c
;
t
h
e
s
t
ea
d
y
-sta
t
e-e
rror
in
s
pe
ed
i
s
de
c
r
ea
sed
from
6
.
3
t
o
3.
8
Rpm
;
t
h
e
rise
-
t
im
e
is
r
educ
ed
from
2.3
sec
to
2
.1
s
ec
;
t
h
e
pe
a
k
-t
im
e
is
r
educe
d
fro
m
2.7
t
o
2
.6
s
e
c
on
ds
.
There
f
ore
the
resp
onse
w
ith
P
R-PR
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r is be
t
te
r-th
a
n
-
tha
t
of P
I-P
I
c
on
tro
l
l
e
d-
MLIS
-
M
IS
s
y
s
tem
.
F
i
gure
1
1
. Clo
sed-l
o
o
p
–
M
C
S
with P
R
-
PR contr
o
ller
F
i
gur
e 1
2
.
Input v
o
lta
ge
F
i
gur
e 1
3
.
Mot
o
r spe
e
d w
i
t
h
P
R-
P
R
contro
l
l
er
F
i
g
u
r
e
14.
Torque
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
i
t
h
P
R-P
R
contr
o
l
l
er
F
i
gure
1
5
.
Torque-r
ipp
l
e
w
i
t
h
P
R-P
R
c
on
trol
l
e
r
Tab
l
e-1
Com
p
ariso
n
of t
i
me
dom
ai
n par
a
m
e
ter
s
C
ontrolle
r
s
T
r
(
s
ec)
T
s
(sec
)
T
p
(
s
ec)
E
ss
(R
p
m
)
P
I
2.
3
4.
5
2.
7
6.
3
P
R
2
.1
2
.4
2
.3
3
.8
5.
HARDWARE RESULT
S
Mu
l
t
i
l
e
v
el
i
n
v
e
r
ter
system
w
it
h
m
u
lti
ple
i
n
put
s
ource
s
for
ha
r
d
w
a
r
e
-
sn
a
p
s
hot
i
s
e
x
posed
i
n
F
i
gu
re
16.
T
he
O
u
t
pu
t-
vo
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
s
o
l
ar
i
s
appea
r
ed
i
n
F
i
gure
1
7
.
The
O
ut
p
u
t
-
vo
lt
age
o
f
b
a
t
te
ry
i
s
reve
aled
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
18.
T
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
b
a
tte
ry
i
s
fre
e
f
r
o
m
ripp
l
e
.
The
s
w
it
ch
in
g
-
pu
l
s
es
f
o
r
S
e
p
i
c
a
nd
R
e
-boo
st
c
onvert
e
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
682
–
6
89
68
8
are
appea
r
ed
i
n
F
i
gur
e
19.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t-v
o
l
t
a
g
e
of
S
ep
ic&
r
e
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
i
s
r
e
v
e
a
le
d
in
F
i
g
ur
e
2
0
,
and
it
is
alm
o
st
l
i
k
e
p
u
re
D
C.
F
i
gure
1
6
.
H
a
rdw
a
r
e
-S
nap-S
h
o
t
Figure
1
7
.
O
u
tp
u
t
-v
o
lta
ge
o
f
Solar
F
i
gure
18.
O
utpu
t-v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f ba
tter
y
F
i
gure
1
9
.
Sw
itch
i
ng-
pu
lse
fo
r
‘se
p
i
c
&
re-
b
o
o
st-
con
v
e
r
ter’
Fi
g
u
r
e
20
. Ou
t
p
ut
-vol
t
a
g
e
of
sepi
c–
re
-bo
o
s
t-
con
v
er
t
e
r
6.
C
ON
C
L
US
ION
The
pe
rform
anc
e
c
om
par
i
s
o
n
of
P
I-
P
I
a
nd
P
R
-P
R
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
d
bo
ost-
co
nver
t
er
a
n
d
r
e-b
oos
t-co
nve
rte
r
is
done
i
n
sim
u
la
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
S
im
uli
nk.
S
im
u
l
a
t
i
on-r
e
su
l
t
s
a
r
e
c
ompa
red
in
t
er
ms
o
f
tim
e
dom
ai
n
par
a
m
e
ters
for
s
p
ee
d.
T
he
r
esul
t
s
e
n
s
ure
tha
t
P
R-P
R
b
a
s
ed-
R
e
-
b
o
o
s
t
-
c
on
vert
er
p
roduce
be
tt
er
p
erfo
rm
ance
c
om
pare
d
t
o
the
P
I-P
I
cont
rol
l
ed
M
CS
.
Pr
otot
y
p
e
o
f
M
CS
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
c
on
struc
t
e
d
an
d
t
e
ste
d
.
The
exper
i
m
e
nta
l
-
r
esu
l
ts
are
pre
s
ente
d.
T
he
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
-
r
e
sult
s
i
n
dica
t
e
d
tha
t
t
he
s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g
-
tim
e
is
a
s
low
as
2
.
6
s
e
c
us
ing
PR-P
R.
T
he
st
e
a
dy-s
t
ate-
err
o
r
in
s
p
e
ed
i
s
4.
1
R
pm
u
s
i
n
g
P
R
-
P
R.
T
here
fore
P
R
-PR
con
t
ro
ll
ed
-MC
S
h
as
b
et
t
e
r
d
yna
mi
c
-
respo
n
se.
The
pre
s
en
t-w
o
rk
d
e
a
ls w
it
h C
l
o
s
e
d
-tw
o
l
o
op-co
n
t
ro
lle
d-M
C
S
wi
t
h
P
I-P
I
and
PR-P
R c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Curre
nt
m
o
de pro
p
o
r
tio
na
l r
e
so
na
n
t
c
ontr
o
lle
d m
u
l
t
i
i
n
p
u
t
–
S
EPIC-re
-b
o
o
st-sy
s
te
m
(B.
J
a
g
a
d
ish K
u
m
a
r)
68
9
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Kuo
-
chi
n
g
Ts
eng,
J
an
g-Ti
ng
L
in,
and
Ch
i
–Chih
H
u
an
g,
"
Hi
gh
S
t
ep
-Up
Conv
erter
W
i
t
h
T
hree-Wi
nding
C
ou
p
l
ed
Indu
cto
r
F
or F
u
e
l
Cell
E
nerg
y S
ource
A
ppl
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n
s
,
"
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E
EE Trans.
P
o
wer Electronics
,
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[2]
Kuo
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Chi
ng
Ts
eng
,
C
h
i
-Ch
i
h
Hu
ang,
a
nd
W
ei-Yu
a
n
S
h
ih
,
"
A
H
i
g
h
Ste
p-Up
C
onvert
er
w
ith
a
V
oltage
M
ul
t
i
p
lier
M
o
d
u
le
f
or
a
Ph
o
t
ov
ol
ta
ic
S
ys
te
m,
"
IEEE
T
r
a
n
s. Po
wer
Elect
ronics
,
vo
l. 2
8(6
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3]
Jun
-
Yo
un
g
Lee,
Y
u
-
S
e
ok
J
e
ong
,
and
By
ung
-M
oo
n
Han,
"
An
I
s
o
l
a
ted
D
C
/
D
C
Convert
e
r
U
s
ing
Hi
gh-Fre
quency
Unreg
u
l
a
ted
LLC
Reson
a
nt
C
onverter
f
o
r
F
uel
Cell
A
pplicatio
ns,
"
IEEE
Trans.
Power
Elect
ron
i
cs
, vo
l
.
58
(7
), 2
01
1.
[4]
Sh
ih-Me
n
g
Ch
e
n
,
Tson
g-Ju
u
Li
a
n
g
,
L
un
g-
S
he
ng
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
J
ia
nn
–F
uh
C
h
e
n
,
"
A
Cascad
ed
H
i
gh
S
t
ep
-Up
DC–
D
C
Conv
erter
w
i
t
h
S
i
ngle
Switch
f
o
r
Mi
cros
ou
rc
e
Ap
pli
cati
o
n
s
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
an
s. Po
wer
El
ectr
onics
,
vol.
26
(4
),
2
01
1.
[5]
Yao-Ch
in
g
Hs
ieh
,
T
e
-Chin
Hsueh
,
an
d Ha
u-Ch
e
n
Yen,
"
An
I
nt
erleaved
B
oos
t
Co
nvert
er
w
ith
Z
ero-Vo
lt
age
Transi
tion
,
"
IE
EE T
r
ans
.
Pow
e
r
El
ectronics,
vol.
2
4
(
4),
2
00
9
.
[6]
R.
M
a
l
ath
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
t
h
i
n
ak
um
a
r
,
"
C
o
m
p
a
ris
on
o
f
P
V
bas
e
d
Emb
e
dde
d
Z
-
so
urce
inv
e
rter
f
ed
t
hree
ph
ase
in
duction
m
o
t
o
r
w
i
t
h
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
P
I
D
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
c
l
o
s
e
d
l
o
o
p
s
yst
e
ms,
"
20
17
T
h
ird In
te
rna
tio
n
a
l Co
nfer
ence o
n
Adva
nces
in
El
ectr
i
ca
l
,
Elect
ronics
, In
fo
r
m
ati
on, Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
on an
d Bio
-In
f
o
rmat
ics
(
A
EEICB)
,
p
p
.1
42
-14
6
, 2
01
7.
[7]
S
.
M
.
C
h
e
n
,
T
.
J
.
L
i
a
n
g
,
L
.
S
.
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
J
.
F
.
C
h
e
n
,
"
A
s
a
f
e
t
y
e
n
h
a
nced
h
igh
s
t
ep-up
D
C
-DC
c
o
nvert
e
r
f
o
r
AC
pho
to
vo
lt
aic m
odul
e
app
l
i
cati
o
n
,
"
IEEE
Tra
n
s
a
ction
Po
wer Elect
ro
nics
,
vo
l.
2
7(4
)
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
9
-1
81
7
, 2
01
2.
[8]
W.L
i
.Y.
Zh
ao,
Y
.
D
en
g,
a
n
d
X
.
He,
"
I
n
t
erleav
e
d
c
on
vert
er
w
it
h
v
o
l
ta
ge
m
ul
tip
lie
r
c
e
ll
f
or
h
ig
h
ste
p
-u
p
a
n
d
high
-
effi
cien
cy co
n
v
e
rs
io
n,"
IE
EE T
r
ans.
El
ectro
n
i
cs.,
vo
l
.
25
(9
),
p
p.
2
3
97-2
4
0
8
,
201
0.
[9]
K.
C.
T
s
e
ng
,
C.
C.
H
uan
g
,
and
W
e
i-Yu
an
S
h
i
h.
A hi
gh
s
t
ep
-up
con
vert
e
r with
a volt
ag
e
m
u
lti
p
li
er
mo
du
le for
a
photovoltaic syst
em
.
IEEE T
r
an
sa
cti
o
n
on
Po
wer Elect
ronics
.
20
1
3
, 28
(
6).
[10]
K. C
.
Tsen
g
, C.
C
.
Hu
ang
and
C
. A. Ch
e
n
g
.
A
-
h
i
g
h
-step-up-conver
ter
wi
t
h
-v
oltage-mul
t
i
pl
i
e
r modu
les-for-
sus
t
ain
able-ener
gy-a
ppl
ica
t
i
o
n
s
.
IE
EE
J-Em
erg. Sel
.
T
o
p
i
cs
Po
wer-E
l
ectr
on.
,
20
15
.
[11]
K.
C
.
Tsen
g
a
n
d
T.
J
.
Liang
.
"
N
ov
el-hi
g
h
-
e
ffi
cie
n
cy-s
tep-u
p
-co
n
vert
er,"
I
ns
t.
E
l
ect.
En
g.
P
roc.
E
lectr.
P
ow
er
A
p
p
l
.
,
vol
.
151
(2),
pp.
18
2
–
1
9
0
,
2
00
4.
[12]
T.
J
.
Li
ang
an
d
K.
C
.
Ts
eng.
A
n
a
l
ysis of
-integ
rat
e
d-b
o
o
s
t-fly-b
ack-st
ep-u
p-con
v
ert
e
r.
Inst. El
ect.
En
g
.
P
r
oc
.
Electr
.
Power Appl
.,
20
0
5
,
1
5
2
(2
),
p
p.
2
17
–2
25
.
[13]
J.
T
.
Bial
as
i
e
wic
z
.
,
"
Renew
a
bl
e
energ
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms
w
it
h-p
h
o
t
ov
olta
i
c-power-generat
ors,
O
pe
ration
and
–modelling
,
"
IEEE
Trans.
Ind.
Elect
ron
.
,
55(7),
2
75
2–2
75
8.
[14]
A.
C
hatterj
ee
and
K
.
B
.
M
o
h
a
nty,
"
Des
i
g
n
a
nd
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
s
t
a
tio
nar
y
f
ram
e
P
R
current
c
ont
r
oll
e
r
f
o
r
per
f
orm
a
n
ce
im
pro
v
e
m
ent
of
g
rid
ti
ed
P
V
in
vert
ers
,
"
20
14
IEEE 6t
h In
d
i
a
In
ter
n
a
t
io
na
l
Co
nf
erence o
n
P
o
wer
El
ectro
nics
(IIC
P
E
), Kuruks
hetr
a
,
p
p
.
1
-6
,
2
0
14
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
109/IICPE
.
2
0
14.
7115
74
0
[15]
B
och
u
an
L
iu,
"
D
esi
g
n
An
alysis
a
nd
S
im
ulati
on
of
a
N
ew
C
urren
t
Contro
ll
er
f
or
W
i
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Generat
i
o
n
S
ystem
usi
n
g
P
r
op
ortional
pl
us
R
eso
n
an
ce
C
on
trol
,
"
Thes
is
Ap
pr
oved
by
the
Dep
a
rtmen
t
o
f
El
ec
t
r
ical
an
d
Comp
u
t
er
En
gine
e
r
in
g
,
pp.
3
3-49
,
2
01
1
.
[16]
Ay
ma
n
Aya
d
,
Mo
ha
m
e
d
Ha
sh
e
m
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
o
p
h
Ha
c
k
lt,
Ra
lp
h
Ke
n
n
e
,
"
P
ro
po
rti
o
n
a
l-Reso
nan
t
C
o
n
t
r
oller
D
e
si
gn
f
or
Quasi-
Z
-
Source
I
n
vert
ers wit
h
LC F
ilters,
"
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
cti
on
on
Po
wer E
l
ectro
nic
s
,
p
p.
3
5
58-3
563,
201
6.
[17]
D.
V
anit
ha
a
n
d
M
.
Rathin
aku
m
ar,
"
P
h
o
t
ovo
lt
aic
b
a
sed
p
r
op
ort
i
on
a
l
res
onan
t
c
o
n
t
roll
ed
b
uck
boo
st
c
on
verter
w
ith
coup
led
in
du
c
t
or,
"
2
0
1
7
IE
EE In
ter
nati
ona
l Co
nf
erence o
n
P
o
wer,
Contr
o
l,
Si
gnals
and In
st
rument
a
t
io
n
En
gine
e
r
in
g
(IC
P
CS
I
)
,
p
p.
1
81
7-1
8
2
2
,
2
01
7.d
o
i
:
1
0
.1
10
9/IC
PCSI
.2
01
7.8
3
9
2
0
2
9
.
[18]
R
e
m
y
a
N
.
S
.
,
D
h
a
n
y
a
B
.
N
a
i
r
,
J
u
b
i
n
E
l
d
h
o
P
a
u
l
,
"
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
B
a
s
e
d
SEPIC
Con
v
erter
f
o
r
Maxi
m
u
m
Power
Poi
n
t
Tracki
n
g
,
”
IEEE T
r
ans.
Ind.
El
ectr
o
n
.
,
v
ol.
5
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
34
9–
2358,
2
0
1
4
.
[19]
V
en
katan
a
rayan
a
n
S
u
bram
ani
a
n
&
S
a
ravan
a
n
M
a
n
i
m
a
ran,
“
Im
ple
m
en
t
ation
of
a
S
liding
M
ode
C
ontroller
f
o
r
S
i
ngle
E
n
d
e
d
P
r
im
ary
In
duct
o
r
Co
nv
erter,
”
Jo
ur
nal
of
P
o
wer El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
. 15
, n
o. 1
, p
p.
39
-
5
3
,
20
15
.
[20]
Leo
S
e
kar
G.
,
Dr.
Jayap
a
l
R.
,
S
h
an
kar
C
K
.
,
“
A
dvancem
en
t
in
m
u
l
t
ilevel
VSI
f
o
r
st
and-
al
one
sol
a
r
PV
s
ystem”,
In
IEEE
In
t
e
rn
a
t
ional
Confer
ence o
n
E
n
erg
y
E
ffi
cien
t T
ech
no
logies for S
u
stain
a
b
ili
ty (
I
CE
ET
S
’
16
)
,
20
16
.
[21]
E
b
a
d
p
o
u
r
M
.
,
S
h
a
r
i
f
i
a
n
M
.
B
.
B
.
,
&
H
o
s
s
e
i
n
i
S
.
H
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
re
o
f
m
u
lti
l
ev
e
l
i
nv
erter
wit
h
r
edu
ced
n
um
b
e
r
of
switch
e
s f
o
r e
l
ect
ric v
e
h
i
c
l
e app
l
icati
o
n
s
,”
E
n
er
gy
&
P
o
wer
En
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
, v
o
l
. 3
(02
)
, 20
1
1
.
[22]
Vinod
Kumar
A.,
&
Hariprasad
S
.,
“Mode
ling
of
n
ew
m
ul
tilevel
i
n
vert
er
t
op
o
l
ogy
with
r
edu
c
ed
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
p
o
w
e
r
electro
ni
c
co
mpon
ent
s
,”
i
n
Proc. Internat
ional
C
o
nf
eren
ce o
n
In
n
o
va
tio
ns
i
n
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
&
El
ec
tron
ics
En
g
i
neer
ing
,
pp.
2
3
-
30
,
20
14
.
[23]
Karaca,
H
.,
“
A
n
o
v
el
t
opolo
g
y
f
o
r
m
u
ltilev
e
l
inverter
w
ith
r
ed
u
ced
n
u
m
ber
of
switch
e
s,”
In
Proceed
ing
s
of
t
h
e
W
o
rld
Con
g
r
e
ss on
En
g
i
neeri
n
g
an
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
Science,
v
ol.
1,
2
0
1
3
.
[24]
G
u
p
t
a
K
.
K
.
,
&
J
a
i
n
S
.
,
"
A
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(V
S
I)
to
m
aximize
the
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
e
ls
i
n
o
u
t
put
wavef
o
rm,"
Inter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jour
nal
of
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
Po
wer
&
E
n
er
gy S
y
stem
s
,
vol.
4
4
(1
),
p
p,
2
5-3
6
,
20
1
3
.
[25]
T.
K
.
S
a
n
t
hos
h,
K
.
N
a
tarajan
,
D
r.
C.
G
ovin
d
araj
u,
"
S
y
nt
hesi
s
and
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
atio
n
of
a
M
ulti
-P
ort
D
C
/
D
C
Conv
erte
r
fo
r H
ybri
d
Electric V
e
hi
c
l
es,
"
Jo
ur
na
l o
f
P
o
wer
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol.
1
5
,
no.
5
,
pp.
1
1
7
8-11
89
,
2
0
1
5
.
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