Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
17
01
~
17
10
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp17
01
-
17
10
1701
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Experim
ental im
plement
ation
a
P
WM str
ategy fo
r dual
three
-
phase PMSM
us
ing 12
-
s
ect
or
v
ect
or spac
e dec
ompo
sition
appli
ed on el
ectric s
hip prop
ulsion
Mhammed
H
as
oun
1
,
A
zi
z E
l Af
i
a
2
, Mo
hame
d K
hafa
ll
ah
3
, Karim
Ben
kirane
4
1,3,4
Depa
rteme
nt
of
Elec
tr
ical Eng
ine
er
ing, Hassan
II
Univ
ersit
y,
N
at
ion
al
High
Sch
ool
of El
ec
tr
ic
i
ty
and
Me
cha
n
ic
s
“E
NS
EM”,
Mor
occ
o
2
Depa
rteme
nt
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Hass
an
II
Univer
sity
,
Na
tional
High
Schoo
l
of
Arts
and
Cra
fts
“E
NS
AM
”,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
25
, 20
20
Re
vised
A
pr
2
6
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
ul
22
,
2020
The
cur
r
ent
pap
er
aims
at
pre
se
nti
ng
and
ex
ami
ning
an
im
p
le
m
ent
a
ti
on
on
a
digi
tal
sign
al
pr
oce
ss
or
(DS
P)
o
f
th
e
conve
nt
ion
al
sp
ac
e
v
ec
tor
pulse
width
modul
ation
(CS
VP
WM)
so
as
to
con
trol
the
d
ual
three
ph
ase
per
m
ane
n
t
ma
gne
t
synchro
nous
mot
ors
(D
TP
-
PM
S
M)
driv
es
applied
on
e
le
c
tri
c
ship
propulsion.
It
is
a
lso
an
at
t
em
pt
to
a
cc
o
mpl
ish
a
d
eve
lop
ed
con
trol
of
thi
s
te
chn
ique
base
d
on
ve
ct
or
spa
c
e
d
ec
o
mposit
io
n
(VS
D)
s
trate
gy.
By
thi
s
strat
egy
,
the
an
a
lysis
and
th
e
co
ntrol
o
f
the
m
achine
are
ac
hi
eved
in
thr
ee
two
-
dim
ension
al ort
hogonal subs
pac
es.
Among
th
e
12
vol
ta
g
e
ve
ctors
havi
ng
ma
xim
u
m,
the
conve
nt
iona
l
technique
n
am
e
ly
the
ad
ja
c
ent
t
wo
-
vec
tors
(12SA
2V)
is
chose
n.
T
h
ere
by
,
th
e
te
st
platform
allows
the
i
mpl
e
m
ent
a
ti
on
of
the
chose
n
v
ec
t
ors
which
are
mode
l
ed
on
MA
TL
AB/
Simul
in
k
using
block
dia
gra
ms
and
th
e
aut
om
atically
gene
ra
te
d
cod
e
which
is
ta
rg
et
e
d
in
the
DS
P
ca
rd
proc
essor.
Simul
at
ion
an
d
exp
eri
m
ental
resul
ts
hav
e
e
xposed
the
eff
icienc
y
of
the
proposed
te
st
b
enc
h
of
5
KW
p
rotot
ype
machin
e
by
using
a
low
-
cost
TMS32
F28379D
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Current
harmo
nics
Digital
sig
nal
process
or
DTP
-
P
M
S
M
E
le
ct
ric sh
ip
pr
opulsio
n
S
pace
vecto
r mo
du
la
ti
on
V
ect
or s
pace
de
com
posit
ion
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
M
ha
mme
d Has
oun,
Dep
a
rteme
nt of Elect
rical
E
nginee
rin
g,
Hassa
n
I
I U
nive
rsity,
Nati
on
al
High
School
of Elec
tric
it
yan
d
M
ec
han
ic
s
“EN
SE
M
”,
Casa,
Mor
occo.
Emai
l:
mh
am
med
has
oun@g
mail
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Since
the
19
80s,
the
int
rod
uction
of
el
ect
ric
pro
pu
lsi
on
s
ys
te
ms
f
or
us
e
in
s
hip
s
offe
rs
va
rio
us
adv
a
ntage
s.
T
his
el
ect
ric
propulsio
n
has
va
rio
us
be
nef
it
s
that
a
re
s
hips
ma
neuvera
bili
ty,
mainte
na
nc
e
an
d
acoust
ic
noise
.
Seve
ral
res
ear
chs
relat
ing
t
o
the
el
ect
ric
pr
opulsi
on
sy
ste
m
ha
ve
been
ad
dresse
d
to
mini
mize
the
occurre
nc
e
of
mari
ne
env
i
ronme
ntal
poll
utio
n
a
nd
mainte
na
nce
costs
in
ci
vi
l
an
d
mil
it
ary
sh
i
ps
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
el
ec
tric
pro
pu
lsi
on
has
seen
a
re
mar
kab
le
de
ve
lop
me
nt
i
n
the
la
st
years
a
nd
man
y
sh
i
ps
a
r
e
now
el
ect
rical
ly p
r
opel
le
d
e
qu
i
pe
d [1,
2]
.
M
ulti
phase
ma
chine
dri
ves
ha
ve
man
y
imp
roveme
nts
ove
r
th
ree
-
phase
machine
dr
i
ve
s
li
ke
l
ow
e
r
tor
qu
e
pu
lsa
ti
ons,
ha
rm
onic
c
urren
ts
a
nd
hi
gher
reli
abili
ty.
Eff
ect
ivel
y,
th
e
inc
rease
of
t
he
num
ber
of
ph
a
ses
al
lows
a
seg
m
entat
ion
of
the
powe
r
a
nd
he
nc
e
a
re
duct
ion
of
the
volt
ages
s
witc
hed
t
o
a
giv
e
n
cu
rr
e
nt,
wh
e
re
high
perf
or
ma
nce
require
me
nts
a
re
m
ore
need
e
d.
M
ulti
ph
a
se
dr
i
ves
a
re
e
xisti
ng
in
the
ma
riti
me
domain,
automo
bile,
a
nd
a
vionics
[3
-
10]
.
The
m
os
t
us
e
d
t
yp
e
of
mu
lt
iph
a
se
dr
i
ves
is
the
dua
l
-
three
phase
(
DTP)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
17
01
–
17
10
1702
m
achine
s.
T
he
se
are
disti
ngui
sh
ed
by
a
mu
l
ti
ph
ase
st
ru
ct
ure
withi
n
the
s
ame
sta
tor
f
ra
me
su
c
h
a
s
tw
o
sta
rs
hav
i
ng simil
ar
char
act
e
risti
cs w
hic
h
a
re
s
patia
ll
y
sh
ifte
d b
y 30 el
ect
rical
d
e
gr
ees
[1].
Perma
ne
nt
ma
gn
et
s
yn
c
hro
nous
mo
t
or
s
(PMS
M
)
ha
ve
be
en
wi
dely
e
xa
mined
as
viabl
e
so
luti
on
f
or
var
ia
ble
vel
oc
it
y
el
ect
ric
dri
ves
s
hip
pr
opulsio
n
no
ta
bly.
N
owada
ys,
t
he
us
e
of
m
ul
ti
ph
ase
P
M
S
M
has
become
wi
dely
us
e
d
in
t
he
trai
ning
of
hi
gh
-
po
wer
s
yst
ems.
A
mon
g
these
mac
hine
s,
dual
three
ph
ase
permane
nt
ma
gn
et
s
yn
c
hro
nous
mo
t
or
s
(
DTP
-
P
M
S
M
)
has
bee
n
us
e
d
in
man
y
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
li
ke
el
ect
ric
pro
pu
lsi
on.
It
has
a
high
de
f
ect
tolerat
io
n
a
nd
dep
e
ndabili
ty
[8,
11].
Ne
ver
t
heless,
the
mac
hin
es
c
oncern
e
d
hav
e
consi
der
a
ble h
a
rm
onic
c
on
te
nt
w
hile
be
ing
sup
plied
by a
pulse
width mo
dula
ti
on (
P
W
M
)
i
nv
e
rter.
Sp
at
ia
l
m
odul
at
ion
namel
y
sp
ac
e
vecto
r
P
WM
(
S
VPW
M
)
co
ntr
ol
us
i
ng
the
ve
ct
or
sp
ace
decomp
os
it
io
n
theo
r
y
(
VSD
)
is
mainly
use
d
in
recent
c
ontrol
of
D
TP
-
P
M
S
M
a
nd
in
duct
ion
mac
hine
s
to
get
sinu
s
oid
al
wa
veforms
at
the
inv
e
rter
outp
uts
[12
-
17]
.
T
his
te
ch
nique
is
examin
ed
a
nd
de
velo
pe
d
in
this
pap
e
r.
U
nder
t
his
c
on
tr
ol
a
ppro
ac
h,
the
model
of
t
he
ov
e
r
al
l
machine
,
f
or
instance;
f
unda
mental
,
ha
r
monic
and
co
mpo
nent
s
o
f
ze
r
o
se
quence,
is
c
ha
nged
a
nd
div
i
de
d
into
th
ree
dec
oupled
subs
pa
ces
an
d
insc
rib
ed
in
three
sep
arate
sp
ace
co
ordi
na
te
s,
ma
r
ked
a
nd
nomin
at
ed
in
the
order
giv
e
n
a
s,
(
α,
β
):
t
he
s
ub
s
pace
of
to
rque
-
com
pone
nt,
(z
1
,z
2
):
the
su
bspace
of
harmo
nic
-
com
pone
nt
and
(
o
1
,
o
2
):
the
subs
pa
ce
of
zero
-
se
qu
e
nce
[1
,
18
-
23].
Th
e
main
co
mpo
nen
ts
a
nd
it
s
ha
rm
on
ic
s
ta
ke
par
t
in
t
he
co
nversi
on
of
the
energ
y
of
el
ect
r
om
e
ch
anical
.
W
hile,
the
cu
rr
e
nt
c
omp
on
e
nts
(z
1
,
z
2
)
an
d
(o
1
,
o
2
)
do
no
t
par
ti
ci
pate
to
t
he
c
ha
ng
e
of
the
ene
rgy
of
el
ect
ro
mec
han
i
cal
.
Ther
e
f
or
e
,
the
sta
tor
r
esi
sta
nce
an
d
the
le
akag
es
i
nduc
ta
nce
symb
olize
the
on
l
y obst
acl
e [
24
-
26];
simi
la
r
ly,
the
addit
io
na
l harmo
nic c
urre
nts
gen
e
rate
only st
at
or
l
osse
s.
In
t
his
pa
pe
r
conve
ntion
al
modu
la
ti
on
ba
sed
on
t
he
c
hoic
e
of
a
dja
cent
two
-
vecto
rs
(12SA
2V)
is
pro
po
se
d
wit
h
SV
P
W
M
con
t
ro
l
of
D
TP
-
P
M
S
M
us
ing
12
-
sect
or
VSD
ap
plied
on
el
ect
ric
sh
i
p
pro
pu
lsi
on
[27
-
28]
.
T
he
pu
r
po
s
e
is
to
get
an
im
plement
at
ion
on
DSP
.
In
orde
r
to
j
us
ti
fy
t
he
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s,
a
n
ex
pe
rimental
te
st,
is
fu
lf
il
le
d.
Wh
at
r
emai
ns
of
pr
ese
nt
w
or
k
is
orga
nised
as
fo
ll
ows:
S
ect
ion
2
deals
with
the
machine
m
od
e
l
wh
ic
h
will
be
show
n
base
d
on
V
SD
;
Sect
ion
3
discusse
s
the
pr
opos
e
d
PWM
appoac
h
in
de
ta
il
;
Sect
ion
4
com
pr
ise
s
si
mu
la
ti
on
res
ul
ts;
Sect
ion
s
5
-
6
disc
us
s
t
he
exp
e
rime
ntal
r
esults
fo
ll
owe
d by Con
cl
us
io
n
a
nd
Re
fer
e
nces.
2.
MACHI
NE’
S
DYN
AM
I
C M
ODEL
The
f
ollo
wing
tw
o
Fig
ur
e
s
1
a
nd
2
repre
sent
t
he
mac
hi
ne
windin
gs
structu
re
an
d
their
sup
ply
so
urces
,
th
ese
double
windin
gs
of
th
ree
-
pha
se
sta
tor
are
shi
fted
in
the
sp
a
ce,
with
a
n
el
e
ct
rical
angular
offset
of 30
de
gr
ees
with tw
o u
nconn
ect
e
d neu
t
ral points
[29
].
Figure
1. D
rive
sy
ste
m
and its
pow
e
r
s
uppl
y
Figure
2.
Wi
nding
s
of the
mac
hin
e
Dep
e
ndin
g on
the VSD
the
ory [11]
, th
e
tra
nsfo
rmati
on
matri
x
ca
n be i
dent
ifie
d
by
(1).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Experime
nta
l
imp
le
men
t
ation a PWM
str
ate
gy
fo
r
dual thr
ee
-
ph
as
e PM
SM
u
si
ng
..
.
(M
ham
med H
aso
un)
1703
=
1
√
3
[
1
−
1
2
−
1
2
0
√
3
2
−
√
3
2
1
−
1
2
−
1
2
−
√
3
2
√
3
2
0
1
2
1
2
−
1
−
√
3
2
√
3
2
0
0
−
√
3
2
√
3
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
2
−
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
]
(1)
By
mea
ns
of
t
he
a
bove
matri
x
c
onve
rsion,
t
he
dif
ficult
m
ot
or
sy
ste
m
is
di
vid
ed
int
o
t
hree
m
utu
al
ly
decou
pled
ort
hogonal
s
ub
s
pa
ces
(α
-
β)
,
(z
1
,
z
2
)
a
nd
(
o
1
,
o
2
)
.
T
he
va
r
ia
bles
e
qu
at
io
ns
caract
erizi
ng
t
he
machine
, acc
ordin
g
to
the i
ndic
at
ed
s
upposit
ion
s
in
[16],
ca
n be s
pecified
i
n
sta
ti
onar
y m
od
el
by:
[
]
=
[
]
[
]
+
d
dt
[
]
=
[
]
[
]
+
d
dt
[
[
]
[
]
+
PM
.
[
cos
θ
sin
θ
]
]
(2)
[
1
,
2
]
=
[
]
[
1
,
2
]
+
d
dt
[
1
,
2
]
=
[
]
[
1
,
2
]
+
[
]
d
dt
[
1
,
2
]
(3)
[
1
,
2
]
=
[
]
[
1
,
2
]
+
d
dt
[
1
,
2
]
=
[
]
[
1
,
2
]
+
[
]
d
dt
[
1
,
2
]
(4)
Wh
e
re:
-
(L
d
, L
q
)
:
D
i
rect an
d
i
nd
i
ret inducta
nc
es;
-
(L
z
, L
o
) :
Tra
ns
f
orme
d of
i
nductance
s c
onven
ti
onal
a
nd
mu
tual l
ea
ka
ge
;
-
(
Ψ
PM
)
: Per
man
ent ma
gn
et
f
lu
x;
-
(
Θ
)
: R
ot
or posit
ion.
The
c
urren
t
c
omp
on
e
nts
in
t
he
(
α
-
β)
s
ubspa
ce
con
t
rib
ute
to
the
co
nver
sion
of
el
ect
r
ome
cha
nical
.
Nev
e
rtheless
,
t
he
var
ia
bles
of
cu
rr
e
nt
i
n
(z
1
,
z
2
)
a
nd
(
o
1
,
o
2
)
do
not
par
ti
ci
pa
te
eff
ect
iv
el
y
in
the
c
onve
rsion
of
el
ect
ro
mec
han
i
cal
wh
ic
h
ge
ne
rates
loss
es
of
sta
to
r.
The
c
onve
rsion
m
at
rix
s
houl
d
be
us
e
d
to
il
lustra
te
the
immo
bile (
α,
β
) plane i
n
the
re
vo
l
ving
plane
(d, q) w
hich
is
presente
d
as
foll
ows [3
0]
:
=
[
cos
sin
0
−
sin
cos
0
0
0
4
]
(
4
: fou
r
-
diment
ion
al
un
it
matr
ix)
(5)
In
the
(d
-
q)
pla
ne,
t
he
el
ect
ric
and the
mec
ha
nic equat
io
ns
of the
mac
hin
e a
re e
xpresse
d
as
foll
ow
s:
[
V
d
V
q
]
=
[
R
s
0
0
R
s
]
[
i
d
i
q
]
+
d
dt
[
Ψ
d
Ψ
q
]
+
[
−
Ψ
q
Ψ
d
]
=
[
R
s
0
0
R
s
]
[
i
d
i
q
]
+
d
dt
[
[
L
D
0
0
L
Q
]
[
I
D
I
Q
]
+
√
3
[
PM
0
]
]
+
[
−
Ψ
q
Ψ
d
]
(6)
=
(
d
−
q
)
(
: N
umber
p
ai
r
poles)
(7)
3.
RESEA
R
CH
METHO
D
3.1.
SV
PW
M
st
r
ategy f
or DTP
-
PMS
M
In
mac
hin
e
dri
ves
co
ntr
ol,
t
he
c
urren
t
a
ppr
oac
h
te
nds
t
o
def
in
e
the
(
α
-
β
)
fr
a
me
as
bein
g
t
he
ref
e
ren
ce of
t
he
sta
tor
volt
age
vector
prod
uc
ed
by
the
c
on
t
r
ol
sy
ste
m
.
A
fter
that,
the h
a
r
m
on
ic
s
c
om
i
ng
out
in
the
planes
(z
1
-
z
2
)
a
nd
(o
1
,
o
2
)
only
ge
ne
rate
losse
s.
T
o
minimi
ze
t
hes
e
ha
rm
onic
s,
the
mid
dlin
g
volt
ag
e
vecto
rs
gen
e
ra
te
d
in
the
tw
o
planes
sho
uld
be
ze
ro
[31
].
The
fo
ll
owin
g
eq
uatio
n
ca
n
ex
press
the
ph
a
se
vo
lt
age
s:
[
1
1
1
2
2
2
]
=
E
3
[
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
]
[
1
1
1
2
2
2
]
(8)
Wh
il
e
(S
=
S
a1
,
S
b1
, S
c1
,
S
a2
, S
b2
, S
c2
)
a
re t
he st
at
es o
f
sw
it
c
h,
E is the
cont
inuous
bu
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
17
01
–
17
10
1704
Accor
ding
to
r
el
at
ion
sh
i
p
(
1),
the
volt
age
ve
ct
or
s
e
xpresse
d
in
t
he
tw
o
re
fer
e
ntial
s
can
be
s
pecified
by the
f
ollow
i
ng
relat
ion
s
hip
:
[
1
2
01
02
]
=
[
1
1
1
2
2
2
]
(9)
The
mac
hin
e
dr
i
ve
c
omp
rises
64
div
e
rse
vo
lt
age
vecto
r
s.
A
num
be
r
of
decimal
s
is
matc
hing
to
bin
a
ry
numb
e
rs
a
nd
r
egarde
d
in
t
he
fo
ll
owin
g
cl
as
sify
[S
a1
S
b1
S
c
1
S
a2
S
b2
S
c2
].
I
t
is
us
ed
t
o
sta
nd
f
or
eac
h
ve
ct
or
.
Con
se
quently
,
in
the
s
ubm
odel
s
(
α
-
β
)
an
d
(
z
1
-
z
2
),
the
re
a
r
e
60
vect
or
s
w
it
h
no
n
null
volt
age
a
nd
4
null
one
s
(0,
7,
56, 6
3)
w
hich
a
re e
xpres
sed
i
n
tw
o
Fig
ur
es
3 an
d 4
[
32]
.
Figure
3.
Il
lustration
of
spac
e
v
ectors using
VS
D i
n
(
−
)
Figure
4.
Il
lustration
of
spac
e
v
ectors using
VS
D i
n
(
z
1
−
z
2
)
Accor
ding to
t
he
tw
o
a
bove f
igures, t
he
(α
-
β
)
vect
or
s
of
vo
l
ta
ge
can
b
e
divi
ded
i
nto
fou
r dodeca
gons
with
div
e
rse
a
mp
li
tud
e
s (fr
om i
nner
mo
st t
o o
uterm
os
t:
D
1
,
D
2
, D
3
,
D
4
)
[
33]
which
are
e
xpresse
d
as
fol
lows
:
{
1
=
√
(
2
−
√
3
)
√
3
2
=
1
√
3
3
=
√
2
√
3
4
=
√
(
2
+
√
3
)
√
3
(10)
The
vo
lt
a
ge
ve
ct
or
s,
ha
ving
a
n
utm
os
t
m
agn
it
ude
i
n
th
e
(α
-
β
)
s
ub
s
pa
ce,
will
ha
ve
a
small
est
mag
nitud
e
in
the
(z
1
-
z
2
)
subs
pace; h
oweve
r, t
he othe
rs ret
ai
n
the
same
ma
gn
it
ude.
3.2.
12
-
S
ect
or
c
onven
tional
m
odul
at
i
on
(12SA
2V)
In
this
st
rateg
y,
t
he
12
a
nd
the
24
vo
lt
a
ge
vecto
rs
w
hi
ch
hav
e
re
s
pe
ct
ively
highe
st
an
d
half
amplit
ude
sh
a
re
the
(α
-
β
)
s
ub
s
pace
i
nto
24
sect
ors.
T
he
vecto
rs
of
volt
age
c
ho
se
n
al
low
to
obta
in
th
e
minimu
m
a
mpl
it
ud
e
vectors
i
n
the
(z
1
-
z
2
)
subspa
ce,
w
hich
warrantie
s
t
he
le
ast
current
c
on
te
nt
of
ha
rm
on
ic
s
in the (z
1
-
z
2
)
s
ub
s
pace
. T
her
e
fore,
c
ontrib
ut
ee to the
mi
nimiza
ti
on
of los
ses [3]
.
The
vect
or
s
of
volt
age
ha
vin
g
highest
m
agn
it
ude
(
45
-
37
-
36
-
52
-
54
-
22
-
18
-
26
-
27
-
11
-
9
-
41)
al
low
sy
nt
hetiz
ing
th
e
re
fer
e
nce
vo
lt
age
vect
or
as
s
how
n
in
F
igure
5.
I
n
a
c
corda
nce
with
the
sit
e
of
t
he
ref
e
ren
ce
volt
age
vecto
r
in
the
(
α
-
β
)
s
ub
sp
ace
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
3,
this
i
dea
is
t
he
sa
me
as
th
e
conve
ntion
al
method.
J
us
t
two
a
djacent
volt
ages
are
e
m
ployed
t
o
synt
hesize
the
re
fe
ren
ce
vo
lt
a
ge
vecto
r
.
Ta
ke
the
exa
mp
le
w
her
e
th
e
re
fer
e
nce
vol
ta
ge
vecto
r
is
placed
in
sect
or
S
1
,
the
tw
o
at
ta
ched
volt
age
vecto
rs
(
37
-
36
)
an
d
null
volt
age
vecto
rs
(
7
-
56)
a
re
us
ed
.
The
per
i
od
co
r
respo
nd
i
ng
to
each
vo
lt
age
ve
ct
or
is
def
i
ned by t
he rel
at
ion
s
hip as
fo
ll
ows:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Experime
nta
l
imp
le
men
t
ation a PWM
str
ate
gy
fo
r
dual thr
ee
-
ph
as
e PM
SM
u
si
ng
..
.
(M
ham
med H
aso
un)
1705
[
1
2
1
2
]
[
1
2
]
=
[
]
(11)
Wh
e
re:
:
Sam
ple ti
me;
t
1
and
t
2
: Pe
rio
ds
matc
hing t
o t
he
tw
o vo
lt
a
ge
v
ect
ors;
: P
r
oject
ion o
f
k
th
vo
lt
ag
e v
ect
or
unde
r t
he
x
-
a
xis (x=
α,
β, z
1
,
z
2
).
The peri
od inte
rv
al
as
sig
ned to ze
ro volt
age
vecto
rs
is t
he
r
esi
du
al
ti
me:
0
=
−
(
1
+
2
)
(12)
So
as
t
o
nea
rly
al
low
the
reali
zat
ion
dur
i
ng
e
ach P
W
M
pe
ri
od o
f
tw
o
t
ran
s
it
ion
s,
the
zer
o
vect
or
s
are
intenti
onal
ly
si
tuate
d
at
the
c
om
me
nce
ment,
the
me
diu
m
a
nd
at
t
he
finis
h
of
the
s
witc
hi
ng
seq
ue
nce
vi
a
the
su
ccee
ding arr
ang
e
ment
(
V
0
-
V
1
-
V
2
-
V
0
-
V
2
-
V
1
-
V
0
)
as
sho
wn in
Fi
gure
6.
If
t
he
sa
me r
e
f
le
xio
n i
s appli
ed
to t
he
oth
e
r
sect
ors,
the
per
i
od
s
of t
wo no
n
-
nu
ll
ve
ct
or
s a
re
deter
mined i
n Table
1
.
The
project
ion
of
t
he
ve
ct
ors
of
volt
age
on
the
(α
-
β)
and
(z
1
-
z
2
)
-
a
xis
in
t
he
relat
ion
s
hip
(
11),
al
lo
ws
to d
et
e
rmin
e
th
e coe
ff
ic
ie
nts
mentio
ned in
the Ta
ble
1.
[
1
2
3
4
5
6
]
=
[
1
1
(
√
3
+
1
)
−
(
√
3
+
1
)
(
√
3
+
2
)
(
√
3
+
2
)
−
(
√
3
+
2
)
(
√
3
+
2
)
(
√
3
+
1
)
(
√
3
+
1
)
−
1
1
]
[
]
(
=
.
(
2
√
3
+
3
)
3
)
(13)
The
(
12)
al
l
ows
to
est
ablish
the
pe
rio
d
assi
gned
t
o
nu
ll
vec
tors
of
volt
age.
The
finish
i
ng
switc
hing
se
qu
ences
for
al
l sect
ors,
wh
e
re j
us
t t
he nu
ll
vo
lt
ag
e
ve
ct
or
s
7
a
nd
56
are
us
ed
, a
re show
n
in
the
be
low Table
2.
Table
1.
12
-
Se
ct
or
PWM
Vec
tors
a
pplyin
g T
imes (S
1
-
S
6
)
SECTORS
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
TI
M
ES
t
1
T
1
T
3
T
4
-
T
5
T
3
T
2
t
2
T
2
-
T
1
T
5
T
6
-
T
6
-
T
3
Table
2.
12
-
Se
ct
or
PWM
swit
chin
g
se
quence
s (
S
1
-
S
12
)
SECTORS
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
S
8
S
9
S
10
S
11
S
12
VECTORS
V
01
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
V
1
37
36
54
22
22
18
27
11
11
9
45
37
V
2
36
52
52
54
18
26
26
27
9
41
41
45
V
02
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
Figure
5. Illust
rati
on of
12 ma
ximum ma
gnit
ud
e
in
(α
-
β)
Figure
6. Se
quence
of sw
it
chi
ng in se
ct
or 1
in
(α
-
β)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
17
01
–
17
10
1706
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
4.1
.
M
ATLA
B/
Simul
ink Simul
at
i
on
In
t
he
thir
d
se
ct
ion
,
t
he
ap
proach
sug
gested
will
be
reas
on
a
bly
i
nvest
igate
d
via
M
at
l
ab/Simuli
nk
env
i
ronme
nt
a
nd
e
xperime
nt
al
te
st.
The
pri
ncipal
cha
racte
risti
cs
of
the
D
TP
-
P
M
S
M,
thr
ough
a
5
K
W
model
machine
for
s
hip
pr
opulsio
n
are
e
numerate
d
i
n
t
he
simul
at
ion
te
sts
pro
vid
e
d
i
n
Table
3.
Acc
ordin
g
to
the
simulat
ion
res
ults,
t
he
l
oad
t
orq
ue
is
set
at
15
N.
m
,
t
he
m
achine
vel
ocity
is
mai
ntaine
d
at
30
0
r
pm
a
nd
the
dr
i
ve
switc
hi
ng
f
reque
ncy
is
fixe
d
at
5
kH
z.
T
he
Fi
gur
es
7
to
10
il
lustrate
the
si
mu
la
ti
on
te
sts
of
t
he
expose
d
a
ppr
oa
ch.
As
it
can
be
se
ing
from
the
simulat
ion
res
ults,
we
ca
n
no
ti
ce
that
the
cu
r
ren
t
of
sta
to
r
phase
is
not
purely
si
nu
s
oi
dal
an
d
that
th
e
la
rg
e
cu
r
ren
t
har
m
onic
ap
pe
ars
in
m
otor
p
ha
se
cu
rr
e
nt
for
the
c
onve
nt
ion
al
SV
P
W
M
te
ch
ni
qu
e
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
es
7
-
8.
In
fact,
the
phase
curre
nt,
ha
s
a
gr
eat
qu
a
nt
it
y
of
t
he
5
th
a
nd
t
he
7
th
order
ha
rm
on
ic
s
of
c
urre
nt
that
are
domi
nan
t.
T
he
t
otal
ha
rm
on
ic
dist
or
ti
on
(T
HD)
i
s
63.
7%.
Co
nv
ersely,
the
a
mp
li
tu
de
of
the
5
th
a
nd
t
he
7
th
or
der
c
urre
nt
harmo
nic
s
is
extre
mely
importa
nt.
It
is
w
ort
h
pointi
ng
out
that
these
c
ons
ti
tuents
of
sta
t
or
c
urre
nt
do
no
t
par
ti
ci
pate
to
the
ai
r
gap
flu
x
a
nd
will
simply
cause
e
nerg
y
losses.
Fig
ur
e
9
sta
nds
for
th
e curren
ts i
n
(α
-
β)
s
ubs
pace which
ha
ve
a sm
oo
t
h
an
d
a
nor
mal t
raject
ory for thi
s
method.
T
he
r
esp
on
se
of
vel
ocity
is
sho
we
d
i
n
Fi
gure
10
;
the
s
pee
d
get
s
it
s
me
ntio
n
with
good
sta
ti
c
an
d
dynamic
prese
ntati
on
.
Table
3.
M
ac
hi
ne’
s
princi
pal
com
pone
nts
Desig
n
atio
n
Valu
e/ un
it
DC co
n
tin
o
u
s b
u
s
: E
2
0
0
V
Res
istan
ce of stato
r
:
R
s
1
.09
6
Ω
Ind
u
ctan
ce directe
:
L
d
8
.45
m
H
Ind
u
ctan
ce qu
ad
rature
: L
q
8
.45
m
H
Flu
x
of perm
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et :
PM
0
.18
4
Wb
Moment o
f
total
in
ertia:
J
9
3
.10
-
3
kgm
2
Co
eff
icien
t of total
vis
co
u
s fr
ictio
n
:
f
0
.01
Nm
s/rad
Pair
p
o
les
n
u
m
b
er:
p
3
Figure
7. Stat
or
ph
ase
curre
nt
Figure
8. Ha
rm
on
ic
a
naly
sis (
FFT)
(a)
(b)
Figure
9. Traje
ct
ory of
sp
ace
current
vect
or
s
in
tw
o
su
bspace
s: (a
) (α
-
β)
an
d (
b)
(
z
1
-
z
2
)
Figure
10. Mac
hin
e
’s
s
pee
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Experime
nta
l
imp
le
men
t
ation a PWM
str
ate
gy
fo
r
dual thr
ee
-
ph
as
e PM
SM
u
si
ng
..
.
(M
ham
med H
aso
un)
1707
4.2
.
Ex
peri
me
nt
al
Base
d
on
TMS
320F
28379D
So
a
s
to
a
pprove
t
he
po
s
sibil
it
y
of
t
he
recommen
de
d
SVP
W
M
te
ch
nique
,
a
set
of
te
sts
is
fu
l
fill
ed
.
The
ph
otogra
ph
of
e
xperime
ntal
re
su
lt
s
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
11
.
This
la
tt
er
is
c
on
sist
in
g
of
a
dual
th
ree
phase
vo
lt
age
s
ource
in
ver
te
r
(
VSI
)
sup
ply
in
g
a
5
KW
e
xp
e
rime
ntal
set
up
mac
hin
e,
a
nd
the
e
ntire
c
ontrol
st
rateg
y
is
te
ste
d
on
a
D
SP
T
M
S
320F283
79D
car
d
process
or.
I
n
fact,
it
is
fe
asi
ble
to
a
pp
l
y
t
he
12
-
sect
or
P
W
M
te
chn
iq
ue rel
at
ed
to
the
i
mp
le
mented
S
VPW
M
tec
hn
i
qu
e
.
The
e
xperime
ntal
res
ults
w
hich
us
e
co
nv
enti
on
al
te
ch
niq
ue
wit
h
the
simi
la
r
cha
ract
erist
ic
s
an
d
work
i
ng
c
onditi
on
s
li
ke
t
ho
se
o
f
te
sts,
a
re
e
xpress
ed
in Figu
res
1
2
-
1
4
.
Fi
gures
1
2
a
nd
1
3
a
re
the
e
xp
e
rim
ental
te
sts
eq
uiv
al
e
nt
to
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
of
F
igures
7
a
nd
8,
res
pecti
vel
y.
Figure
1
4
is
t
he
ex
pe
rimental
res
ult
equ
i
valent
to
the
sim
ulati
on
r
esult
of
Fi
gure
10.
T
he
re
is
a
reli
able
ass
oci
at
ion
betwee
n
the
ex
pe
riment
s
an
d
the
sim
ulati
ons
res
ults.
T
he
sugge
ste
d
P
W
M
strat
e
gy
is
su
cce
ssf
ul
ly
ex
pe
riment
ed
a
nd
the
r
esulti
ng
assumpti
ons
c
an
be
dra
wn
f
r
om
t
hese
e
xp
e
rimental
te
sts:
In
t
his
te
ch
nique,
t
he
phase
current
is
not
purely
sinu
s
oid
al
an
d
has
a
har
m
onic
s
great
qu
a
ntit
y,
the
5
th
a
nd
t
he
7
th
par
ti
cula
rly.
T
he
la
tt
er
t
wo,
a
ppearin
g
in
the
(z
1
-
z
2
)
subs
pa
ce,
are
very
l
arg
e
beca
us
e
and
ca
us
e
si
gnal
distor
ti
on
du
e
to
the
a
bse
nce
of
c
on
t
r
ol
ove
r
currents
in
t
he (z
1
-
z
2
)
subs
pac
e. T
his s
hows
t
he feasi
bili
ty
of the
sug
gested
strateg
y.
Figure
14
il
lu
strat
es
the
ma
chine
vel
ocity
unde
r
t
he
do
ub
le
ope
n
lo
op
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
egy.
It
al
so
ind
ic
at
es the
r
a
pid
sp
ee
d res
ponse
of
t
he
c
ontrol s
ys
te
m.
Thi
s stabil
iz
es at a 3
00
-
r
pm val
ue
.
Figure
11. Ph
ot
ograph
of ex
pe
rimental
test
ben
c
h
Figure
1
2
. E
xp
erimental
of stat
or
phase c
urr
ent
Figure
1
3
. E
xp
erimental
of
ha
rm
on
ic
a
naly
sis
(F
FT
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
17
01
–
17
10
1708
Figure
1
4
.
E
xp
erimental
of m
achine
’s
s
pee
d
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
pr
i
ncipal
goal
of
t
he
sugge
ste
d
w
ork
is
t
o
ca
r
ry
out
a
n
im
plementat
io
n
on
S
VPWM
conve
ntion
al
method
to
c
ont
ro
l
the
DTP
-
P
M
S
M
dr
ive
s.
I
n
fact,
t
he
S
VPW
M
us
i
ng
t
he
conve
ntion
al
a
djacent
two
volt
age
ve
ct
or
s
(12SA
2V)
m
odulati
on
ha
s
bee
n
pr
ese
nt
ed
un
der
sta
t
or
cu
rr
e
nt
total
harmo
nic
disto
rtion
(THD).
A
fter
t
hat,
this
met
hod
has
bee
n
a
ppli
ed
on
DS
P
bo
a
r
d
T
M
S
32F2837
9D.
I
n
the
te
sts,
the
se
ns
or
of
current
is
sa
m
pled
by
the
c
ontr
ol
of
ope
n
-
l
oop.
As
de
du
c
ed
f
rom
the
simulat
ion
res
ul
ts,
the
c
onve
ntion
al
SV
P
W
M
c
ontr
ol
based
on
ve
ct
or
sp
ace
dec
omposi
ti
on
give
s
reas
onable
resu
lt
s
re
garding
the
ex
pe
rimenta
l
te
sts.
It
has
be
en
co
nfi
rme
d
that
the
sug
ge
ste
d
meth
od
can
be
e
asi
ly
impleme
nted
dig
it
al
ly
ve
rs
us
oth
e
r
methods
us
i
ng
fou
r
vo
lt
age
ve
ct
or
s
w
ho
se
impleme
ntati
on
will
be
t
he
s
ubje
ct
of
a
fu
t
ure
arti
cl
e.
The
f
arthe
r
inv
est
igati
on
w
il
l con
ce
ntrate
on the
detai
le
d exp
e
rime
ntati
on
s
for
t
he DTP
-
P
M
S
M
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.Hasoun,
A.E
l
Afia,
K.Ch
ikh,
M.Khafa
llah
an
d
K.Be
nkir
ane
,
“A
PWM
Strat
e
gy
for
Dual
Thr
ee
-
Phase
PM
SM
Us
ing
12
-
Sect
or
Vec
tor
Spac
e
Dec
omposit
ion
for
E
lectr
i
c
Shi
p
Propulsion,’’
2018
19th
I
EEE
M
edi
t
erranea
n
El
e
ct
rote
chni
ca
l
Confe
ren
ce (M
ELECON)
,
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2
-
7,
IE
E
E
,
pp
.
24
3
-
248,
2018
.
[2]
Yi
Guo
and
Xu
ekui
Yan,
“R
ese
arc
h
on
matrix
conve
rt
er
cont
ro
l
mu
lt
i
-
ph
ase
PM
SM
for
all
ele
ct
ri
c
ship
”,
201
1
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Elec
tric
al
and
Contr
ol
Eng
ine
ering
,
pp.
3120
-
3123,
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011.
[3]
H.
Ec
h
ei
kh,
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.
Tra
be
lsi,
H.
K
esra
oui
,
A
.
Iqb
al
a
nd
M.
F.
Mimou
ni
,
“
Torque
r
ipp
le
s
im
prov
em
en
t
of
dire
c
t
torqu
e
cont
rolled
five
-
phase
induc
t
ion
mot
or
driv
e
using
ba
ckste
pp
ing
con
trol,
”
I
nte
rnational
J
o
urnal
of
Power
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems,
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A.
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ai
bi
,
K.
Ha
rta
ni
and
A.
Al
l
al
i
,
“Ne
w
DTC
stra
te
gy
of
mu
lt
i
-
m
ac
h
ine
s
sin
gle
-
inv
ert
er
sys
t
em
s
for
el
e
ct
ri
c
vehi
c
le
tracti
on
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
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te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Pow
er
E
l
ec
troni
cs
and
D
rive
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yste
ms
,
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PE
DS)
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0,
June
2020.
[5]
E.
L
evi,
“M
ul
ti
p
hase
e
le
c
tric
m
ac
hin
es
for
var
i
abl
e
-
spe
ed
app
lications,’’
IE
EE
Tr
ans.
Ind.
E
l
ec
tron
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-
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008.
[6]
M.
M.
E
l
Khol
y
and
Z
.
M.
S.
El
Barb
ary
,
“Pe
rform
ance
Anal
ysis
of
indi
re
ct
rotor
fi
el
d
or
ie
n
ta
ti
on
fiv
e
phas
e
induc
ti
on
mo
tor
using
ei
ght
sw
it
ch
inv
ert
ers
,”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
an
d
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems,
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
8,
No.
3,
pp.
112
8
-
1138,
Sept
ember
2017.
[7]
M.B.
R.
Corr
a,
C.
B.
J
ac
obin
a,
C.
R.
d
a
Silv
a,
A.N.
Lima
and
E.
R.
C
.
d
a
Silva,
“Six
-
phase
AC
drive
sys
tem
w
it
h
red
uce
d
comm
on
-
mode
vol
ta
g
e
”,
I
EE
E
Int
ernati
onal
El
e
ct
ri
c
Mac
hine
s
and
Dr
iv
es
Confe
ren
ce
,
pp.
1852
-
185
8,
2003.
[8]
A.
K.
Mohanty
and
K.
B
.
Y
adav,
“E
sti
ma
t
ion
o
f
ex
ci
t
at
ion
ca
p
ac
i
ta
nc
e
req
uir
e
me
nt
of
an
isol
at
ed
mu
lt
i
-
ph
ase
induc
ti
on
g
ene
r
at
or
for
power
gen
era
t
ion,”
I
nte
rna
ti
onal
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
an
d
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems
,
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
7,
No.
2,
pp.
561
-
567,
June
2016.
[9]
Draz
en
Duj
ic
,
Atif
Iqba
l
and
Em
il
Le
v
i,
“A
Space
Ve
ct
or
P
WM
Te
chn
ique
for
Symet
r
ic
a
l
Six
-
Phase
Voltage
Source
Inve
rte
rs
”,
EPE
Journal
,
Vol.
17,
No.1, pp
.
2
4
-
32,
2007.
[10]
Y
a
s
h
a
n
H
u
,
Z
.
Q
.
Z
h
u
a
n
d
M
i
l
i
j
a
n
a
O
d
a
v
i
c
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
T
w
o
-
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
V
e
c
t
o
r
S
p
a
c
e
D
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
D
u
a
l
T
h
r
e
e
-
P
h
a
s
e
P
MS
M
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
,
V
o
l
.
5
3
,
N
o
.
5
,
S
e
p
t
.
/
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
8
3
-
4492.
[11]
Y.
Zh
ao
and
T. A.
L
ipo,
"S
pace
Vec
tor
PWM
Co
ntrol
of
Dual
Th
ree
-
Phase
Induc
t
ion
Ma
chi
n
e
Us
i
ng
Vec
tor
Spac
e
Dec
omposit
ion"
,
IEEE
Tr
ans.
In
d.
App
li
ca
t
.
,
Vol
.
31,
No.5, pp.
11
00
-
1109,
1995
.
[12]
A.
Bend
ai
kha
a
nd
S.
Sa
ad,
“Co
mpa
ra
ti
ve
study
of
f
ive
-
l
evel
an
d
seve
n
-
le
ve
l
in
ver
te
r
con
trol
l
ed
by
Spa
ce
vecto
r
pulse
width
Mo
dula
ti
on
,
”
In
te
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
ms
,
(IJ
PE
D
S)
,
Vol.
8
,
No.
2
,
pp.
755
-
766,
June
2017.
[13]
Bula
i
Wa
ng
,
Gu
Wei,
Ji
anxi
n
C
hu
and
Guo
Yi
,
“A
Novel
Modeli
ng
for
A
Dua
l
Thr
ee
-
ph
as
e
Perma
n
et
Magn
et
Synchronous
Mac
hin
e,”
2008
1
0
th
.
Conf
.
on
Co
ntrol,
Au
tomati
o
n,
Robo
ti
cs
and
Vi
sion
,
H
anoi
,
Viet
n
am
,
pp.
17
-
2
0
Dec
em
b
er
2008
,
2008.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
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88
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8
694
Experime
nta
l
imp
le
men
t
ation a PWM
str
ate
gy
fo
r
dual thr
ee
-
ph
as
e PM
SM
u
si
ng
..
.
(M
ham
med H
aso
un)
1709
[14]
Yanjun
Yu,
L
ixiao
Gao,
Ya
ng
Liu
and
Feng
Cha
i
,
“24
-
Se
ct
or
Spa
ce
Ve
ct
or
De
co
mposit
ion
for
a
Dual
Three
-
Pha
s
e
PM
S
M,”
2014
1
7
th
Inte
rnat
ional
Confe
ren
ce
on
El
e
ct
rica
l
Mac
h
i
nes
and
Syst
ems
(ICEM
S)
,
oc
t
2
2
-
25,
Hangshou,
China
,
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1601
-
1606,
2014
.
[15]
H.
Yan,
Y
.
Xu,
J.
Zou
and
F.
Zeng,
“Phase
cur
r
e
nt
Rec
onstru
ctio
n
for
Dual
Three
-
Phase
PM
SM
Drive
in
Elec
tr
ic
Vehic
l
es
Us
ing
Two
DC
Li
nk
C
urre
nt
Sensors
,
”
2016
IE
EE
Ve
h
ic
l
e
Pow
er
and
Propulsion
Conf
ere
nce
(V
PP
C)
,
pp.
1
-
6,
2016.
[16]
Ping
Zh
ang,
W
ei
Zh
ang
and
Xiaof
eng
Shen,
“Co
mpa
r
at
iv
e
Study
of
Fie
ld
-
Orien
te
d
Con
tr
ol
in
Diffe
r
ent
Coordina
t
e
Sys
te
ms
for
DTP
-
PM
S
M,’’
2013
Inte
r
nati
onal
C
onfe
renc
e
on
E
le
c
tric
al
Mac
hi
nes
and
Syst
ems
(ICEM
S)
,
Oct.
26
-
29,
pp
.
1015
-
10
19,
2013
.
[17]
K.
Yu,
H.
Guo,
Z.
Sun
and
Z
.
W
u,
“E
ff
icienc
y
O
pti
mization
Cont
rol
of
Perma
n
ent
Magne
t
Synchr
onous
Motor
for
El
e
ct
ri
c
Propulsi
on
Sys
te
m”,
In
ter
nati
onal
Conf
ere
nce
on
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
Mac
h
ine
s and
Syste
ms
,
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56
-
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2013
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[18]
L
Wa
ng
,
D
Zh
ang,
Z.
Wa
ng
,
J.Che
n,
M.Ch
en
g
and
N.Re
n
“
Vec
tor
Spa
ce
D
ec
omposition
B
ase
d
Control
of
Neutr
al
-
Poin
t
-
Cl
am
ping
(NP
C)
Thre
e
-
le
v
el
Inv
e
rte
rs
Fed
Dual
Thre
e
-
Phase
PM
SM
Drive
s,”
I
E
CON
2016
-
42
nd
Ann
ual
Con
fe
re
nce
o
f the
I
EEE
Industrial
E
le
c
tronic
s Soc
ie
t
y
,
O
ct
16
,
I
EE
E
,
pp
.
2988
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2993,
201
6.
[19]
Z.
W
ang,
Y
.
W
a
ng,
J.
Chen
and
Y.
Hu,
“De
coupled
Space
D
ec
om
positi
on
Vec
tor
Based
Space
Ve
ct
or
Modula
ti
on
for
Dual
Three
-
Phase
Three
-
L
e
vel
Motor
Drive
s,”
IE
EE
Tr
an
s.
Ind.
Appl
i
cat
.
,
Vol.
33,
No
.
12
,
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.
10683
–
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2018.
[20]
L.
Yuan
,
M.
-
L
.
Chen,
J.
-
Q.
She
n,
and
F.
Xi
ao,
"
Curre
nt
Harm
on
ic
s
Elimi
n
at
ion
Control
Method
for
Six
-
Phase
PM
Synchronous Motor
Drive
s,"
IS
A
Tr
ansacti
ons
,
vol.
59
,
pp
.
443
–
449,
2015.
[21]
Vale
nt
in
Ol
esc
h
uk
e
t
al
“Com
b
ine
d
PWM
Con
trol
of
Multi
-
In
ver
te
r
Inst
al
l
at
io
n
with
Two
D
C
-
Li
nks”,
2015
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
of
E
lect
rical
Dr
ives and Powe
r E
le
c
troni
cs
(EDP
E)
,
pp
.
9
4
–
98
,
2015
.
[22]
H.
Zha
ng
et
al
,
“
Study
on
Serie
s Control
Method
for
Dual
Th
r
ee
-
Phase
PM
SM
ba
sed
on
Space
Ve
ct
or
Puls
e
W
idt
h
Modulat
ion”,
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
Control
an
d
Aut
omat
ion
V
ol.
8
,
No
.
1
,
pp
.
197
-
210,
2015
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[23]
Khoudir
Maroua
ni,
Lo
tfi
B
aghl
i
,
Djaf
ar
Had
iouche,
Abdel
aziz
K
hel
oui
,
and
Abd
err
ezak
Re
zz
oug
,
“A
New
PWM
Strat
eg
y
Based
on
a
24
-
Se
ct
or
Vec
tor
Spa
ce
Dec
omposition
fo
r
a
Six
-
Phase
VS
I
-
Fed
Dual
Stat
or
Indu
ct
ion
Motor”,
I
EEE
Tr
ans.
Ind. Applic
at
.
,
Vol.
55,
No.
5,
pp
.
1910
-
1920
,
2008
.
[24]
W
.
Tiejun,
S.
C
hengl
in
,
C
.
Yon
gbing
and
J.
Xi
aoyi
,
“R
ese
ar
ch
on
har
mon
ic
s
o
f
multipha
se
i
n
duct
ion
mot
ors”
,
Proc.
I
EEE
I
EM
DC
,
Antal
y
a
,
Tu
rke
y,
Vol
.
2
,
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y
3
-
5,
pp.
1524
-
1
528,
2007
.
[25]
K.K.Moha
pat
r
a,
R.
S.Kanc
ha
n,
M
.
R.
Ba
ij
u,
P.N.Te
kwani
and
K.Go
pakum
ar
,
“In
d
ep
ende
nt
f
ie
ld
-
or
iented
con
trol
of
two
split
-
phase
induc
ti
on
mot
or
s
from
a
single
six
-
phase
inve
r
t
er,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ans
.
Ind.
E
lectron
.
,
Vol.
52,
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5
,
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1372
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Oct. 2005.
[26]
R.
Bo
joi
,
M.
Lazz
ar
i,
F.
Profum
o,
Sen
ior
Memb
er,
IE
EE,
and
A.
T
enc
oni
,
“Dig
ita
l
Fiel
d
-
Ori
ene
d
Contro
l
fo
r
Dua
l
Thre
e
-
Phase
Ind
uct
ion
Motor
Dr
ive
s”,
IE
EE
Tr
a
nsacti
ons
on
Ind
ustry
Appl
i
catio
ns
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[27]
M.
Hasoun,
A.
El
Afia
,
M.
Kh
a
fal
l
ah
and
K
.
B
enki
ran
e,
“
Perfo
rma
nc
e
Comp
aris
on
of
Two
-
SVPWM
-
Strat
egies
Based
Ve
ct
or
Space
Dec
o
mposi
ti
on
Con
trol
l
ed
Dual
Thr
ee
-
Pha
se
PM
SM
for
Elec
tr
ic
Ship
Prop
ulsion
”,
2019
7
th
Inte
rnational
R
e
newabl
e
and
Sus
tai
nable E
n
ergy
Confe
renc
e, (
IR
SEC)
,
27
-
30
No
vem
ber
2019
.
[28]
M.
Hasoun,
A.
El
Afia
,
M
.
Kh
afa
l
la
h
and
K.
Benki
ran
e,
“
Fi
eld
Orien
t
ed
Cont
rol
of
Dua
l
Thr
ee
-
Phase
PM
SM
Based
Spac
e
Ve
ct
or
De
com
posit
ion
for
E
lectr
i
c
Ship
Propulsion
”,
2019
Inte
rnat
ional
Conf
ere
nc
e
of
Comput
er
Sci
en
ce
and
R
e
newabl
e
En
ergi
es,
(ICCSRE
)
,
p
p.
1
-
6,
22
Augu
st
2019,
I
EEE/I
CCS
RE2019,
2
2
-
24
July,
2019
,
Agadir
,
Moro
c
co
.
[29]
A.
Abden
,
A.
B
ouche
t
ta
,
O
.
Bo
ughaz
i
,
A.
Bagh
dadi
and
I
.
K.
Bo
uss
erh
ane
,
“Dou
ble
Star
indu
ct
io
n
m
ac
hin
e
using
nonli
ne
ar
integr
al
ba
ckste
pping
cont
rol
,
”
Int
erna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
tron
ic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Sy
stems
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
Vol.
10
,
No.
1,
p
p.
27
-
40,
Marc
h
2019.
[30]
J.
Prade
ep
and
R.
Dev
ana
th
an,
“Adopti
on
of
Pa
rk’s
Tra
nsform
ation
for
Inve
rt
er
Fed
Drive
”
,
Inter
nati
onal
Journal
of
Pow
er
Elec
tronic
s and
Dr
ive Sys
te
m (I
JP
EDS
)
,
Vol
.
5
,
No.
3,
pp.
366
–
373
,
2
015.
[31]
M.
Pors
el
vi,
R.
Bojoi
,
M
.
L
azzari,
F.
Profumo
a
nd
A.
T
enc
oni
,
"D
igi
ta
l
Fi
el
d
-
O
rie
nt
ed
Contro
l
for
Dual
Thre
e
-
Phase
Induc
t
ion M
otor
Drive
s"
,
I
EE
E
Tr
ans.
Ind.
Appl
ic
a
t
.
,
Vol
.
3
9,
No.3
,
pp
.
752
-
760,
2003
.
[32]
M.
Ha
soun,
A.
El
Afi
a,
M.
Kh
afa
l
la
h
and
K.
Benki
ran
e,
“Fiel
d
Orien
t
ed
Cont
rol
base
d
on
a
24
-
Sect
or
Ve
ct
o
r
Space
Dec
om
po
siti
on
for
Dua
l
T
hre
e
-
Phase
PM
SM
appl
i
ed
on
Elec
tr
ic
Ship
Prop
ulsion”
,
Int
ernat
ional
Journal
of
Powe
r E
le
c
troni
cs
and
Dr
ive
Sys
te
m (IJPEDS)
,
V
ol.
11
,
No
.
3
,
pp
.
1175
–
1187,
Se
pte
mb
er
2020
.
[33]
J.
Kart
tune
n
,
S.
Kall
io
,
P.
Peltoniem
i
,
P.
Silv
e
ntoi
nen
and
O.
Pyrhonen,
“Dua
l
three
-
phase
p
e
rma
nen
t
ma
gn
et
synchronous
ma
chi
n
e
suppli
ed
by
two
ind
e
pende
nt
vo
ltag
e
source
inve
r
te
rs,”
Proc
.
In
t.
S
ymp.
Pow
e
r
E
lectron.
E
lectr.
Dr
iv
es,
Au
tom.
a
nd
Moti
on
,
pp
.
7
41
-
747,
2012
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Mhamm
ed
Hasoun:
was
born
in
Khouribga
Morocc
o
in
196
9.
He
recei
v
ed
the
Engi
ne
eri
ng
degr
ee
in
1995
from
Navy
R
oyal
School
,
Mili
t
ary
Navy,
C
asa
bla
n
ca,
Morocc
o;
and
th
e
ce
rt
ifi
c
ate
of
N
a
vy
Safe
ty
in
1
9
96
at
Cherbour
g
,
Franc
e.
From
1996
to
2008
,
h
e
oc
cupi
ed
th
e
func
ti
on
of
prop
ulsion
engi
ne
ering
ch
ie
f
in
mi
l
itary
ships
var
iou
s.
In
2008
he
jo
ine
d
the
N
avy
Royal
School
,
where
he
is
cu
rre
ntl
y
prof
essor
at
th
e
Eng
ineeri
ng
Depa
rtme
nt.
His
cur
r
ent
rese
arc
h
int
e
rest
s
ar
e
in
th
e
app
li
c
at
ion
of
pow
er
elec
tron
ic
s
c
onver
te
rs
and
m
otor
dr
ive
s
for
el
e
ct
ri
c
propu
lsi
on
sys
te
ms.
Ema
il
:
mhamme
dh
asoun@
gma
il.c
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
17
01
–
17
10
1710
Aziz
E
l
Afia
:
H
e
re
ce
iv
ed
B.
Sc
.
,
M.
Sc.
d
egr
e
es
from
Hass
an
II
Univer
sity,
C
asa
bla
nc
a
in
1990
,
1994
respe
ct
iv
ely
and
th
e
Ph.D
.
degr
ee
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
Eng
ine
e
ring
from
The
Nati
on
al
High
Schoo
l
of
Elec
tri
c
al
and
Mec
h
ani
c
al
En
gine
er
ing
(
ENSEM),
Hass
an
II
Univer
sity,
Casa
bla
nc
a
in
2009
.
Since
2011
he
h
as
bee
n
working
as
a
P
rofe
ss
or
o
f
Pow
er
Elec
tro
nic
at
the
Nati
on
al
High
School
of
Arts
and
Cr
aft
s
of
Casab
lanca
(
ENSA
M).
His
cur
ren
t
re
sea
rch
int
er
ests
are
in
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
conv
ert
ers
and
cont
r
ol
of
machine
s
and
drive
s
for
a
ppli
c
at
ion
fro
m
aut
omotive
to
ren
ewa
bl
e ene
rg
y.
Em
ail:
aziz
.
elafi
a@uni
vh2
c.m
a
Mohame
d
Kh
af
al
l
ah:
w
as
born
in
Morocc
o
in
1964.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
B.
Sc
.
,
M.Sc
.
and
Doctor
at
e
degr
ee
s
from
H
assan
II
Unive
r
sity,
Casablanc
a
,
in
1989,
1991
and
1995
r
espe
ctivel
y
,
all
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
.
In
1995
he
jo
ine
d
the
Na
ti
onal
High
Scho
ol
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
i
ty
and
Mec
h
anics
(ENSEM),
Hass
an
II
Univ
ersit
y
,
Casab
la
n
ca
,
M
oroc
co,
wher
e
h
e
is
cur
ren
t
ly
pr
ofe
ss
or
tut
or
in
the
Depa
r
tment
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
and
ch
ie
f
of
La
bor
at
ory
Ene
rgy
and
Ele
ct
ri
ca
l
Sys
tems
(LE
SE).
His
main
res
ea
rch
in
te
r
ests
the
app
lication
of
power
elec
tron
ic
s
conve
r
ts
and
mot
or
drive
s.
He
has
publ
ished
a
l
ot
of
r
ese
ar
ch
pap
ers
in
interna
t
iona
l
journ
al
s,
conf
ere
n
ce
proc
ee
d
ing
s a
s
well
as
ch
apt
ers
of
books.
Em
a
il
:
m.
kh
afall
ah@g
ma
il.c
o
m
Kari
m
Benk
ira
n
e:
was
born
in
Morocc
o
in
1
960.
He
r
ec
e
ived
B.
Sc.
,
M.Sc
.
and
Doctor
at
e
degr
ee
s
fro
m
Mohame
d
V
Univer
sity
R
aba
t
and
Univer
sity
of
Scie
nc
es
a
nd
Te
chn
ic
s
a
t
La
nguedo
c
(US
TL
),
Franc
e
,
in
1978,
1983
and
1986
respe
c
ti
ve
l
y,
a
ll
in
Elec
tron
ic
s
Engi
n
ee
r
ing.
In
1987
h
e
jo
in
ed
th
e
Roy
al
N
a
vy
School
(
ERN),
Casab
la
n
ca,
Morocc
o,
where
he
is
cur
r
ently
profe
ss
or
tut
or
i
n
the
Depa
r
tmen
t
Rese
arc
h
.
His
ma
in
rese
arc
h
in
te
rests
the
appli
c
at
ion
of
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
conv
ert
s
and
mo
tor
d
rive
s.
He
h
as
pu
bli
shed
a
lot
of
r
ese
arc
h
pap
ers
i
n
interna
ti
ona
l
journa
ls.
Emai
l:
kar
benki
r
ane
@
y
ahoo.
fr
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