I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
559
~
5
7
0
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v9
.
i
2
.
p
p
5
5
9
-
570
559
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JP
E
DS
Enha
nced
Thre
e
-
Phas
e
Inv
erte
r F
a
ult
De
tec
tion a
nd
Dia
g
no
sis
Appro
a
ch
-
Desig
n
a
nd Ex
peri
m
en
tal Ev
a
lua
tion
H
icha
m
F
a
dil
1
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
L
a
rbi El
ha
f
y
a
ni
2
,
S
m
a
il
Z
o
ug
g
a
r
3
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
(LG
EM
),
Hig
h
e
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
e
d
F
irst
Ou
jd
a
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
4
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
Dec
2
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
r
8
,
2
0
1
8
Eff
icie
n
c
y
,
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
re
im
p
o
rtan
t
a
sp
e
c
ts
in
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
tt
ra
c
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
q
u
ick
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
is
o
latio
n
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
f
a
u
lt
-
to
lera
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
o
p
e
n
-
sw
it
c
h
e
s
f
a
u
lt
s
in
in
v
e
rter
d
riv
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
m
o
re
a
n
d
m
o
re
re
q
u
ired
in
th
i
s
f
il
e
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
ri
th
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
k
n
o
w
n
to
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
d
u
e
t
o
sp
e
e
d
v
a
riatio
n
s
su
c
h
a
s
w
ro
n
g
d
e
c
isio
n
m
a
k
in
g
o
f
f
a
u
lt
o
c
c
u
rre
n
c
e
.
T
h
o
se
w
e
a
k
n
e
ss
e
s
a
re
in
v
e
st
ig
a
ted
a
n
d
so
lv
e
d
in
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
u
sin
g
c
u
rre
n
ts
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
s
f
a
u
lt
in
d
ice
s,
c
u
r
re
n
t
d
irec
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
a
u
lt
in
d
ice
s
a
n
d
a
d
e
c
isio
n
sy
ste
m
.
A
si
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
se
tu
p
a
re
u
ti
li
z
e
d
to
v
a
li
d
a
te
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t.
M
a
n
y
sim
u
latio
n
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
re
su
lt
s
a
re
c
a
rried
o
u
t
to
sh
o
w
th
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
DSP
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
v
a
lid
atio
n
F
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
P
MSM
Si
m
u
latio
n
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Hich
a
m
Fad
il,
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
E
lec
tr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
Ma
in
te
n
a
n
ce
(
L
GE
M)
,
Hig
h
er
Sch
o
o
l o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
Me
d
First O
u
j
d
a.
B
P
6
6
9
,
Ou
j
d
a,
6
0
0
0
0
,
Mo
r
o
c
co
E
m
ail:
h
ic
h
a
m
1
f
ad
il@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
at
f
a
u
lt
y
ca
s
e
s
h
a
v
e
att
r
ac
ted
th
e
in
ter
es
t
o
f
m
an
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
es
i
n
th
e
la
s
t
d
ec
ad
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
g
r
ea
t
in
ter
e
s
ts
h
a
v
en
b
ee
n
g
i
v
e
n
to
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
d
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
lo
ca
lizatio
n
a
n
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e/so
f
t
w
ar
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
ests
ar
e
j
u
s
tif
ied
s
i
n
ce
t
h
at
th
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
v
er
ter
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
er
e
o
f
ten
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
as t
h
e
w
ea
k
est p
ar
t o
f
t
h
e
d
iv
e
s
s
y
s
te
m
; Stat
is
tic
s
s
t
u
d
ie
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
g
ate
d
r
iv
es f
ail
u
r
e
r
ates a
r
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
o
t
h
er
f
a
u
lt
s
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
a
n
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies,
th
e
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
ted
i
n
s
ev
er
a
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
in
ae
r
o
s
p
ac
e
ac
tu
ato
r
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
in
wh
ee
l
m
o
to
r
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
an
d
s
teer
/b
r
ak
e
b
y
w
ir
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
1
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
a
n
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
T
R
I
A
C
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
ex
p
lo
ited
in
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
(
P
MSM
)
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
3
]
,
in
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
[
1
4
]
as
w
ill as i
n
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
[
1
5
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
lit
er
atu
r
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
ter
es
t
o
f
d
etec
tin
g
a
n
d
lo
ca
tin
g
o
p
en
s
w
i
tch
f
au
lts
.
T
h
is
lo
ca
liza
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
d
ia
m
eter
an
al
y
zin
g
.
T
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
in
v
es
t
ig
ated
in
[
1
8
]
;
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
ec
to
r
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
a
n
d
th
e
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
ec
to
r
p
h
ase
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
an
ar
tif
icia
l
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
b
ee
n
tr
ain
ed
b
y
a
f
a
u
lt
y
d
r
i
v
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
a
llo
w
in
g
to
is
o
late
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
a
f
u
zz
y
tech
n
iq
u
e.
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
in
th
e
d
ir
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
n
[
2
1
]
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
f
ast
d
ete
ctio
n
a
n
d
lo
ca
lizatio
n
ti
m
es
u
s
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
559
–
570
560
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
o
f
th
e
P
MSM
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
t
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
t
h
r
ee
i
n
d
ices
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
ts
a
m
p
li
tu
d
es,
an
d
t
h
r
ee
o
th
er
in
d
ices
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
P
MSM
c
u
r
r
en
ts
a
v
er
ag
e
v
al
u
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fau
lt to
ler
an
t p
o
w
er
in
v
er
t
er
to
p
o
lo
g
y
2.
I
NVE
RT
E
R
F
E
E
D
P
M
S
M
M
O
DE
L
AND
CO
N
T
RO
L
AP
RO
CH
E
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
ix
-
s
w
itc
h
i
n
v
er
ter
,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
ted
to
f
ee
d
o
u
r
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
w
in
d
i
n
g
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
as
m
ad
e
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
u
s
es
in
v
eh
ic
le
attr
ac
tio
n
f
ield
.
T
o
s
u
cc
ee
d
th
e
in
v
er
ter
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
o
p
e
r
ati
on
,
ea
ch
P
MSM
p
h
ase
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
d
c
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
m
id
-
p
o
in
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
T
R
I
AC
(
TR
a
,
TR
b
an
d
TR
c
)
.
T
h
ese
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
o
n
ce
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
o
b
j
ec
t o
f
th
is
ar
ticle,
d
is
co
v
er
s
s
w
i
tch
f
ail
u
r
e.
2
.
1
.
P
er
m
a
ne
nt
M
a
g
net
Sy
n
chro
no
us
M
o
t
o
r
M
o
del
I
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
P
MSM
s
p
ee
d
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
w
i
th
an
a
v
er
ag
e
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
in
w
h
at
f
o
llo
w
s
,
w
e
n
e
g
lecte
d
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
f
l
u
x
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
,
s
al
ien
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
ce
(
E
MF
)
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
e
t
h
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t;
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
s
p
ee
d
/cu
r
r
en
ts
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
s
to
ler
ate
s
ev
er
al
m
o
d
elli
n
g
s
i
m
p
l
if
ica
tio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
f
ec
t
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
m
a
g
n
eto
-
m
o
ti
v
e
-
f
o
r
ce
s
a
n
d
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
f
lu
x
l
in
k
a
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
ta
to
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
ar
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al.
As
a
r
esu
lt
,
an
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
e
(
abc
)
r
o
tatin
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
,
th
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
PMSM
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
[
22
]
,
[
2
3
]
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
/
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
s
s
s
u
t
R
i
t
d
t
d
t
c
o
s
(
)
(
)
(
)
c
o
s
(
2
/
3
)
.
c
o
s
(
2
/
3
)
r
a
b
c
a
b
c
s
s
m
r
r
L
M
M
t
M
L
M
i
t
M
M
L
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
()
a
b
c
s
ut
,
()
a
b
c
s
it
an
d
()
a
b
c
s
t
ar
e
th
e
s
ta
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
f
l
u
x
v
ec
to
r
s
,
L
an
d
M
ar
e
th
e
s
tato
r
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
el
f
-
in
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
th
e
m
u
tu
al
-
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
Ψ
m
is
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
a
l
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
f
l
u
x
an
d
θ
r
is
th
e
elec
tr
ic
al
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
m
o
d
elli
n
g
,
g
iv
e
n
th
a
t
t
h
e
in
v
est
ig
ated
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
o
u
n
ted
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
m
o
t
iv
e,
th
e
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
L
a
n
d
M
ar
e
ad
o
p
ted
co
n
s
tan
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
n
o
tatio
n
L
s
L
-
M
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e.
B
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
a
P
MSM
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
t
ed
as:
e
m
r
L
o
a
d
d
J
T
f
T
dt
(
2
)
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
to
m
a
k
e
s
p
ee
d
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
s
izi
n
g
ea
s
y
,
P
ar
k
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
/to
t
h
e
r
o
tatin
g
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
lin
k
e
d
to
th
e
r
o
to
r
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
P
ar
k
V
dc
T
a
T
b
T
c
T’
a
TR
a
TR
b
TR
c
i
(
t
)
a
i
(
t
)
b
i
(
t
)
c
v
(
t
)
c
2
v
(
t
)
c
1
a
b
c
z
P
MS
M
T’
b
T’
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
Th
r
ee
-
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
s
is
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
-
De
s
ig
n
…
(
Hich
a
m
F
a
d
il
)
561
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
2
0
]
t
o
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
th
e
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
:
/
0
1
/
0
0
/
/
.
0
1
/
0
.
0
3
/
2
/
0
0
1
/
0
0
1
.
d
s
d
c
d
q
s
m
s
q
c
q
m
r
L
o
a
d
d
q
i
R
L
P
i
L
u
d
i
P
R
L
P
L
i
L
u
dt
P
J
f
J
J
T
i
i
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
u
d
,
u
q
ar
e
t
h
e
s
tato
r
d
-
an
d
q
-
a
x
es
v
o
lta
g
e
s
,
i
d
,
i
q
ar
e
t
h
e
s
tato
r
d
-
an
d
q
-
a
x
es
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
,
R
i
s
t
h
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
Ω
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
g
u
lar
v
elo
cit
y
,
P
i
s
p
air
s
p
o
le
n
u
m
b
er
,
T
load
is
th
e
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e,
fr
i
s
t
h
e
v
is
co
u
s
f
r
ictio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t a
n
d
J
is
th
e
in
er
tia
m
o
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
cr
ea
ted
to
r
q
u
e
in
P
MS
Ms
at
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
e
is
s
m
o
o
th
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
h
r
ee
b
alan
ce
d
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
r
o
to
r
f
lu
x
,
an
d
it c
an
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
:
3
/
2
e
m
m
q
T
P
i
(
4
)
I
t
is
n
o
ticed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
q
u
atio
n
(
3
)
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
i
n
t
h
e
r
o
tatin
g
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
is
co
u
p
led
,
an
d
it
co
n
tain
s
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
ter
m
s
.
T
h
en
,
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
o
p
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
a
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
b
lo
ck
,
a
m
o
d
el
li
n
ea
r
izatio
n
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
t
wo
co
n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
s
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
8
]
.
2
.
2
.
I
nv
er
t
er
M
o
del
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
im
p
li
f
y
i
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
ell
in
g
,
T
h
e
I
GB
T
ar
e
s
tim
u
lated
b
y
an
id
ea
l
s
w
i
tch
e
s
w
it
h
n
o
d
ied
b
an
d
ti
m
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
i
s
p
ap
er
as
it
ass
u
m
ed
in
[
24]
-
[2
5
].
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ca
n
b
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
B
o
o
lean
v
ar
iab
les
'
,
(
x
=
a
,
b
o
r
c
)
xx
SS
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
b
in
ar
y
v
alu
e
s
‘
1
’
o
f
ea
c
h
s
w
itc
h
w
ill
i
n
d
icate
th
e
clo
s
ed
s
tate
o
f
t
h
e
m
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
b
i
n
ar
y
v
al
u
e
s
‘
0
’
w
ill
in
d
icate
th
e
o
p
en
ed
s
ta
te
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
at
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
th
e
cr
ea
ted
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
e
u
r
al
p
o
in
t
ar
e
g
i
v
en
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
'
/
2
s
i
=
1
/
2
s
i
=
1
d
c
x
xn
d
c
x
VS
V
VS
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
‘
n
’
i
s
a
f
ictitio
u
s
n
eu
t
r
al
p
o
in
t
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
,
an
d
V
dc
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
6
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
v
alid
ated
in
ca
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
f
ail
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
f
au
lt
t
y
p
e.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
au
lt
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
o
cc
u
r
in
o
n
e
leg
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
On
e
leg
f
a
u
lt
s
t
y
p
es
:
(
a
)
h
ea
lth
y
le
g
; (
b
)
Fau
lt o
f
th
e
u
p
p
er
s
w
itc
h
; (
c)
Fau
l
t o
f
t
h
e
lo
w
er
s
w
itc
h
; (
d
)
Fau
lt o
f
o
n
e
leg
T
x
T’
x
T
x
T’
x
T
x
T’
x
T
x
T’
x
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
559
–
570
562
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
o
n
e
le
g
f
au
lt (
Op
en
f
au
lt o
f
t
w
o
s
w
itc
h
es),
th
e
l
in
k
ed
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t b
ec
o
m
e
s
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
q
u
atio
n
5
,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
il
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
E
MF
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
r
o
tatio
n
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
f
ail
u
r
e
(
o
n
e
Op
en
f
au
lt
o
f
s
w
i
tch
)
,
th
e
g
e
n
er
ated
v
o
ltag
e
d
ep
en
d
s
on
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
s
w
itc
h
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
5
co
u
ld
b
e
r
e
w
r
itten
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
au
lt.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
w
itch
‘
S
x
’
i
s
in
f
au
lt,
it
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ap
p
ly
V
x
=
V
dc
/2
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
f
r
ee
-
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e
is
in
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
g
e
n
er
ated
v
o
ltag
e
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
If
I
x
< 0
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
e
n
er
ated
v
o
ltag
e
as it i
n
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
5.
I
f
I
x
≥
0
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
e
n
er
ated
v
o
ltag
e
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
t
h
e
eq
u
ati
o
n
6
.
'
/2
/2
d
c
x
xn
d
c
x
V
i
f
S
=
1
V
V
i
f
S
=
1
(
6
)
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
f
au
lt
y
le
g
co
u
l
d
n
o
t
ap
p
ly
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
,
as
w
el
l
as
p
o
s
itiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
r
q
u
e
q
u
al
it
y
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es i
ts
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
v
alu
e.
3.
F
AULT
D
I
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
I
ND
E
CE
S
Fro
m
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
f
au
lt
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
a
s
a
n
al
y
ze
d
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
a
n
y
s
w
itc
h
f
ail
u
r
e
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
t;
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
lo
w
er
,
an
d
a
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
ad
d
ed
.
T
h
ese
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
a
n
g
e
s
ar
e
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
th
at
al
lo
w
lo
ca
liz
in
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
en
s
o
r
s.
I
n
w
h
at
f
o
llo
w
s
,
a
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
-
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
an
ad
ap
tin
g
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
i
lter
is
s
ized
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
e
q
u
an
titi
e
s
,
f
a
u
lt i
n
d
ices a
r
e
co
m
p
u
ted
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
ad
e.
3
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
Curre
nts M
a
g
nit
u
de
Co
m
p
uting
T
h
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
il
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
,
h
a
s
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
an
y
y
ea
r
s
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
7
]
,
it
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
es
o
n
a
n
t
f
ilter
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
f
ilter
in
g
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
an
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t,
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
i
ts
q
u
ad
r
atic.
T
o
m
a
k
e
t
h
is
f
ilt
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
ad
ap
tab
le,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
r
etu
r
n
ed
e
x
ter
n
al
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
MSM
s
p
ee
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Qu
ad
r
atic
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
ato
r
(
QSG)
'
22
(
)
(
)
e
x
x
ee
ks
I
D
s
s
I
s
k
s
(
7
)
'
22
(
)
(
)
e
x
x
ee
k
qI
Q
s
s
I
s
k
s
(
8
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ilter
i
n
p
u
ts
an
d
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
ated
s
ig
n
als
(
I'
x
an
d
q
I
'
x
)
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
th
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
7
an
d
8
.
An
d
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
at
t
h
e
f
ilter
b
an
d
w
id
th
s
ar
e
li
n
k
ed
to
t
h
e
g
ai
n
k
a
n
d
to
t
h
e
P
MSM
elec
tr
ical
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
e
.
G
iv
e
n
t
h
at,
th
e
f
i
lter
g
e
n
er
ates
a
p
u
r
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
its
q
u
ad
r
atic
q
u
an
tit
ies,
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
M
x
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
ase
co
u
ld
b
e
o
b
t
ain
ed
b
y
ca
lcu
la
tin
g
:
'
2
'
2
(
)
(
q
)
x
x
x
M
I
I
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
'
x
I
is
th
e
x
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
an
d
'
q
x
I
is
th
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t.
I
x
I
’
x
k
∫
∫
I
’
x
e
q
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
Th
r
ee
-
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
s
is
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
-
De
s
ig
n
…
(
Hich
a
m
F
a
d
il
)
563
3
.
2
.
F
ilte
ring
t
he
P
ha
s
e
curr
ent
s
M
ea
n
V
a
lue
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
o
n
e
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
au
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
ass
o
ciate
d
p
h
a
s
e
is
s
h
i
f
ted
,
an
d
a
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
ad
d
ed
.
T
h
is
c
u
r
r
en
t
q
u
an
tit
y
v
al
u
e
lead
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
f
au
lt
y
s
w
i
tch
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
u
s
ed
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
(
L
P
F),
s
h
o
w
n
in
f
ig
u
r
e
4
,
h
a
v
e
b
en
m
o
d
if
ie
d
,
an
d
its
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
b
ec
o
m
e
ad
j
u
s
tab
le
to
tr
ac
k
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
.
I
ts
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
ow
-
p
as
s
c
u
r
r
en
t f
i
lt
er
w
it
h
an
ad
ap
tin
g
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
'
()
x
d
c
e
e
xx
I
s
s
II
(
1
0)
On
e
ca
n
n
o
tice
,
th
at
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
s
u
b
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
in
o
r
d
er
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
f
ilter
ed
lo
w
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
3
.
3
.
I
nd
ices
Co
m
pu
t
ing
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
au
lt i
n
d
ices a
r
e
g
o
tten
if
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
r
u
le
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
:
a.
th
e
in
d
ice
s
v
al
u
es
m
u
s
t b
e
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
in
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
lar
g
e
in
ca
s
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt;
b.
th
e
in
d
ice
s
v
al
u
es i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
m
u
s
t
allo
w
t
h
ese
f
au
l
ts
is
o
l
atio
n
;
c.
th
e
in
d
ice
s
m
u
s
t n
o
t b
e
in
s
en
s
i
tiv
e
to
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
s
p
ee
d
an
d
lo
ad
)
Usi
n
g
p
h
a
s
e
-
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
m
ag
n
it
u
d
es a
n
d
th
eir
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
i
n
d
ices a
r
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
a
x(
,
,
)
m
a
x(
,
,
)
m
a
x(
,
,
)
ab
bc
ca
ab
M
a
b
b
bc
M
a
b
b
ca
M
a
b
b
MM
R
M
M
M
MM
R
M
M
M
MM
R
M
M
M
(
1
1)
m
a
x(
,
,
)
m
a
x(
,
,
)
m
a
x(
,
,
)
a
b
c
a
d
c
DC
a
b
c
b
d
c
DC
a
b
c
c
d
c
DC
a
b
c
I
R
M
M
M
I
R
M
M
M
I
R
M
M
M
(
1
2)
3
.
4
.
Dec
is
io
n sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
s
ar
e
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
i
n
d
ices
in
o
r
d
er
to
lo
ca
te
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
s
w
itc
h
es
an
d
m
a
k
e
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
ad
j
u
s
t th
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
o
r
d
er
to
is
o
lat
e
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
leg
.
Sin
ce
th
e
f
au
lt
in
d
ices,
ca
lcu
l
ated
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
s
11
an
d
1
1
,
ar
e
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
ch
an
g
e
alo
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
y
an
d
f
a
u
lt
y
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
b
elo
w
i
s
ad
o
p
ted
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ma
g
n
i
tu
d
e
an
d
d
ir
ec
t c
u
r
r
en
t
f
au
l
t in
d
ices
f
lo
w
c
h
a
r
t
s
I
’
x
I
x
∫
e
I
x
-
dc
x
Y
E
S
NO
R
M
ab
,
a
n
d
R
M
bc
R
M
ca
R
M
x
≥
1
R
M
x
‘
=
0
R
M
x
‘
=
1
x
Y
E
S
NO
R
dc
a
,
a
n
d
R
dc
b
R
dc
c
R
dc
x
≥
2
R
dc
x
‘
=
1
Y
E
S
NO
x
R
dc
x
≤
2
R
dc
x
‘
=
0
R
dc
x
‘
=
-
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
559
–
570
564
I
n
t
h
o
s
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
ts
,
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
f
au
lt i
n
d
ices
v
ar
iatio
n
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
t
w
o
in
ter
v
als
;
if
1
x
M
R
th
en
th
e
n
e
w
i
n
d
ex
'
x
M
R
is
eq
u
al
1
,
else
,
it
is
eq
u
al
to
0
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
f
a
u
lt
i
n
d
ices
v
ar
iatio
n
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
in
ter
v
a
ls
v
ar
iatio
n
s
;
if
2
x
dc
R
th
en
t
h
e
n
e
w
in
d
ex
'
x
DC
R
is
eq
u
al
o
n
e,
if
2
x
dc
R
it is
eq
u
al
to
-
1
,
else
,
it
i
s
eq
u
a
l to
0
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
ev
ea
led
in
ter
v
als
c
l
ass
i
f
icatio
n
,
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
ab
le
1
o
f
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
lo
g
ic,
th
e
d
et
er
m
in
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
ase
o
r
ev
e
n
th
e
f
au
l
t
y
tr
an
s
is
to
r
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
.
T
o
d
ef
in
e
th
e
in
ter
v
al
s
li
m
i
ts
1
an
d
2
,
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
test
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
o
ca
lizatio
n
C
h
ar
t o
f
F
au
lt
y
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
L
o
ca
tio
n
T
r
a
n
si
st
o
r
O
u
v
e
r
t
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
-
1
x
x
1
x
x
0
x
x
x
-
1
x
x
1
x
x
0
x
x
x
-
1
x
x
1
x
x
0
4.
I
NVE
RT
E
R
F
E
E
D
P
M
S
M
M
O
DE
L
AND
CO
N
T
RO
L
AP
RO
CH
E
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
I
n
d
ices,
p
r
ese
n
ted
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
w
er
e
te
s
ted
in
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
;
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
as
ass
e
m
b
led
i
n
P
SIM
w
h
ich
h
ad
b
ee
n
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l sc
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
th
e
f
a
u
lts
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
b
u
il
t in
Si
m
u
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ated
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
th
e
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
s
t b
en
ch
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
in
clu
d
i
n
g
eZ
d
s
p
,
P
MSM
an
d
p
o
w
er
in
v
er
ter
A
3
2
-
b
it
f
lo
atin
g
-
p
o
in
t
T
MS3
2
0
-
F2
8
3
3
5
d
ig
ital
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
(
DSP
)
b
o
a
r
d
,
b
ased
o
n
a
1
5
0
MH
z
clo
ck
,
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
th
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
;
i
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
ed
u
s
in
g
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
®
r
ap
id
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
to
o
ls
.
A
Ma
t
lab
/GUI
r
ea
l ti
m
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
lo
ca
ll
y
b
u
ilt
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
to
m
a
k
e
r
es
u
lt
s
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
ea
s
y
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
cl
u
d
es
a
s
ix
-
s
w
it
ch
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
ass
o
ciate
d
to
s
p
lit
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
6
S3
P
in
v
er
t
er
is
f
ee
d
in
g
a
P
MSM
w
it
h
Su
r
f
ac
e
Ma
g
n
et
Mo
u
n
ted
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
er
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
tab
le
2
.
T
o
o
p
er
at
e
ar
o
u
n
d
n
o
m
i
n
al
p
o
in
t,
th
e
P
MSM
w
a
s
lo
ad
ed
b
y
DC
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
a
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
to
e
s
tab
lis
h
a
f
ix
ed
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e.
A
n
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
e
n
co
d
er
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
(
2
0
0
0
p
u
ls
e
p
er
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
)
.
T
h
ese
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
v
er
ter
,
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
P
MSM
P
ar
am
eter
s
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
DC
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
4
V
R
a
t
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
S
p
e
e
d
P
=
8
0
W
,
Ω
=
4
0
0
0
r
p
m
P
W
M
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
F
P
W
M
=
1
2
k
H
z
P
o
l
e
p
a
i
r
s
4
S
a
mp
l
i
n
g
f
s=1
0
k
H
z
V
i
sco
u
s
f
r
i
c
t
i
o
n
f
r
=
0
.
0
4
1
0
-
3
K
g
m
2
U
p
p
e
r
/
L
o
w
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
C
1
/C
2
4
4
0
0
µ
F
R
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
e
r
t
i
a
J =
0
.
5
1
0
-
3
N
m
/
r
a
d
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
r
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
1kW
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
R
=
0
.
4
3
Ω
,
L
=
1
.
3
5
mH
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
Th
r
ee
-
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
s
is
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
-
De
s
ig
n
…
(
Hich
a
m
F
a
d
il
)
565
T
o
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
th
e
th
r
ee
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
o
p
er
atio
n
s
(
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
,
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
th
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
a
u
lt
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
n
e
le
g
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
es
f
au
lt
in
p
h
ase
‘
c
’
)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
t
ested
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
in
o
r
d
er
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
m
o
d
el.
T
h
o
s
e
test
s
a
r
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
at
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
p
ee
d
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
an
d
w
it
h
6
0
%
o
f
n
o
m
in
al
lo
a
d
(
0
,
0
9
Nm
)
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
e
s
u
lt
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
i
g
u
r
es
7
,
8
an
d
9
.
P
lo
ts
in
f
ig
u
r
es
7
a
an
d
7
b
at
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
ati
o
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ated
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
s
i
m
i
lar
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
p
lo
ts
i
n
f
ig
u
r
es
8
a
an
d
8
b
w
ith
th
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
a
u
lt
i
n
p
h
ase
‘
c’
o
p
er
atio
n
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
d
is
to
r
ted
;
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
h
a
s
tak
e
n
o
n
l
y
n
eg
at
iv
e
v
al
u
es.
T
h
is
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
n
o
t
g
e
n
er
ates
a
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
E
MF
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
a
s
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
p
o
s
iti
v
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
al
f
p
er
io
d
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
h
ase
‘
c
’
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
n
eg
at
iv
e,
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
e
r
at
es
as
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
n
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
th
e
f
au
lt
y
s
witch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
ar
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
b
y
th
e
ass
o
ciat
ed
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
l
d
io
d
e.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
f
r
o
m
r
es
u
lts
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
9
,
o
b
tai
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
o
n
e
leg
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
es
f
au
l
t
in
p
h
ase
‘
c
’
,
th
at
b
o
th
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ar
e
v
er
y
s
i
m
ilar
,
an
d
e
x
tr
a
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ar
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
.
I
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
to
t
h
at,
o
n
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
at
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
i
n
b
o
th
c
ases
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
h
ig
h
er
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
th
e
lo
s
t 3
0
% o
f
to
r
q
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
e
s
u
l
ts
at
5
0
0
r
p
m
w
h
en
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
is
u
n
d
er
6
0
%
o
f
n
o
m
i
n
al
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
to
p
r
o
w
f
i
g
u
r
es
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
b
eh
av
io
r
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
o
p
er
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
q
u
a
n
ti
f
y
th
e
g
e
n
er
ate
d
to
r
q
u
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
at
5
0
0
r
p
m
,
a
n
F
FT
an
al
y
s
is
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Si
m
u
l
in
k
to
o
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
o
f
3
3
.
3
3
Hz
is
d
o
n
e,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
b
o
tto
m
r
o
w
f
i
g
u
r
es.
O
n
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
r
o
m
r
es
u
lt
s
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
b
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
o
p
er
atin
g
w
i
th
o
n
e
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
t
h
at
a
f
ir
s
t,
s
ec
o
n
d
,
an
d
th
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ad
d
ed
an
d
t
h
e
T
HD
b
ec
o
m
e
s
eq
u
al
to
5
8
,
5
6
%
ag
ai
n
s
t
8
,
7
%
at
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
o
n
e
le
g
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
e
s
f
au
lt
i
s
ap
p
lied
,
T
HD
is
r
aised
to
7
3
,
3
3
%.
Giv
e
n
th
at
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
b
ec
o
m
es
h
ig
h
er
in
f
a
u
lt
y
ca
s
es,
q
u
ic
k
l
o
ca
li
za
tio
n
an
d
r
ej
ec
tio
n
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t I
a,
I
b
an
d
I
c,
in
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
an
d
I
q
=
3
A
;
(
a)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt; (
b
)
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
Fig
u
r
e
8.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
I
a
, I
b
an
d
I
c
,
in
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
th
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
au
lt i
n
p
h
ase
‘
c
’
w
it
h
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
an
d
I
q
=
3
A
; (
a
)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
; (
b
)
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
0
.
5
5
0
.
6
0
.
6
5
0
.
7
-2
0
2
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
a
)
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
f
r
a
m
e
(
A
)
Ia
Ib
Ic
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-2
0
2
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
b
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
Fr
a
m
e
(
A
)
1
.
2
1
.
2
5
1
.
3
1
.
3
5
-4
-2
0
2
4
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
a
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
f
r
a
m
e
(
A
)
Ia
Ib
Ic
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-4
-2
0
2
4
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
b
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
Fr
a
m
e
(
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
559
–
570
566
Fig
u
r
e
9.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
I
a
, I
b
an
d
I
c
,
in
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
o
n
e
leg
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
es
f
au
lt i
n
p
h
ase
‘
c
’
w
it
h
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
a
n
d
I
q
=
3
A
;
(
a
)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
; (
b
)
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
th
eir
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
al
y
s
e
s
u
n
d
er
th
r
ee
f
a
u
lts
t
y
p
es;
(
a
)
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
; (
b
)
w
ith
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
i
tch
f
a
u
lt
; (
c
)
w
ith
o
n
e
leg
o
p
en
-
s
w
itch
es f
a
u
lt
(
a)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt)
(
b
)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l r
esu
lt)
(
c)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt)
(
d
)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
)
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
F
au
lt in
d
ice
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t in
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
a
n
d
I
q
=
3
A
;
2
.
8
2
.
8
5
2
.
9
2
.
9
5
3
-5
0
5
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
a
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
Fr
a
m
e
(
A
)
Ia
Ib
Ic
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-5
0
5
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
(
b
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
a
b
c
Fr
a
m
e
(
A
)
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-
0
.
0
5
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
T
i
m
e
(s
)
T
or
que
(
N
m
)
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-
0
.
0
5
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
T
i
m
e
(s
)
T
or
que
(
N
m
)
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-
0
.
0
5
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
T
i
m
e
(s
)
T
or
que
(
N
m
)
0
2
4
6
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
o
r
d
e
r
To
r
q
u
e
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
0
2
4
6
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
o
r
d
e
r
To
r
q
u
e
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
0
2
4
6
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
o
r
d
e
r
To
r
q
u
e
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
Th
r
ee
-
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
s
is
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
-
De
s
ig
n
…
(
Hich
a
m
F
a
d
il
)
567
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
o
f
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
f
a
u
lt
in
d
ices
ca
lc
u
lated
in
eq
u
atio
n
1
1
an
d
o
f
m
ea
n
v
al
u
e
f
au
l
t
in
d
ices
in
eq
u
atio
n
1
2
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
f
ig
u
r
e
s
1
1
,
co
n
f
o
r
m
th
at
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
g
o
o
d
c
o
n
co
r
d
a
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
,
an
d
th
o
s
e
i
n
d
ices
ar
e
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
w
h
en
th
e
P
MSM
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
b
alan
ce
d
(
in
th
is
f
au
ltles
s
ca
s
e)
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
,
s
l
i
g
h
t
o
s
cil
la
tio
n
s
a
n
d
o
f
f
s
et
s
ar
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
d
u
e
to
P
MSM
m
a
g
n
etic
cir
cu
i
t a
n
d
o
f
Hall
ef
f
ec
t se
n
s
o
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
12
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
t
h
at
th
e
f
a
u
lt
in
d
ice
s
,
i
n
o
p
er
atio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
a
u
lt
,
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
,
i.e
.
bc
M
R
,
ca
M
R
an
d
c
dc
R
.A
l
l
o
f
th
o
s
e
i
n
d
ices
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
to
th
e
f
au
l
t
y
p
h
a
s
e
.
(
a)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lt)
(
b
)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
al
r
esu
lt)
(
c)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lt
)
(
d
)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
)
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
F
au
lt in
d
ice
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
in
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
au
lt in
p
h
ase
‘
c’
w
i
th
=
5
0
0
r
p
m
an
d
I
q
=
3
A
(
a)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt)
(
b
)
R
Mabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
al
r
esu
lt)
(
c)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lt)
(
d
)
R
DCabc
I
n
d
ices (
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
)
Fig
u
r
e
13
.
F
au
lt in
d
ice
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
in
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
o
n
e
le
g
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
es
f
au
lt in
p
h
ase
‘
c’
w
i
th
=
500
r
p
m
an
d
I
q
=
3
A
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
-1
-
0
.
5
0
0
.
5
1
T
i
m
e
(s
)
R
D
C
a
b
c
R
D
C
a
R
D
C
b
R
D
C
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
559
–
570
568
W
h
en
o
n
e
o
p
en
-
s
w
i
tch
f
a
u
lt
i
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
an
in
v
er
ter
le
g
,
to
w
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tates
ar
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
le;
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
wo
r
k
s
as
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
n
e,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
al
f
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
o
r
k
s
as
a
f
au
l
t
y
o
n
e.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt,
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
f
au
lt
i
n
d
ices
a
lter
n
ate
b
etw
ee
n
lar
g
e
a
n
d
lo
w
v
alu
e
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
f
a
u
lt
in
d
ices
b
ec
o
m
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
.
I
t
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
d
etec
ted
f
r
o
m
f
ig
u
r
es
1
2
a
an
d
1
2
b
th
at
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
es
o
f
bc
M
R
an
d
ca
M
R
,
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
l
y
,
ar
e
s
li
g
h
tl
y
d
if
f
er
a
n
d
ar
e
lo
wer
in
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
n
o
n
-
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
in
d
ex
ab
M
R
ar
e
h
i
g
h
er
in
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es
m
a
k
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
of
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
s
,
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
h
e
ac
co
m
p
l
is
h
m
e
n
t
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
tes
tin
g
o
n
w
h
o
le
P
MSM
o
p
er
atio
n
s
p
ee
d
r
an
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
w
s
f
au
lt
in
d
ices
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
in
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
in
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
o
n
e
leg
o
p
en
-
s
w
i
tch
es
f
a
u
lt
i
n
p
h
ase
‘
c’
.
O
n
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
f
a
u
lt
i
n
d
ices
bc
M
R
an
d
ca
M
R
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
ase,
a
r
e
h
ig
h
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
f
a
u
lt
i
n
d
i
ce
s
R
D
Ca
b
c
r
e
m
ai
n
s
u
n
c
h
a
n
g
ed
b
y
d
ef
a
u
lt
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
c
h
ar
ts
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
5
,
an
d
to
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
lo
ca
lizatio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
t
ab
le
1
,
th
e
f
a
u
lt
i
n
d
ices
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
a
v
ar
iab
le
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
o
n
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
in
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
o
p
er
atin
g
ca
s
e
s
,
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
t
h
e
f
au
lt in
d
ice
s
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
Sp
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
5
0
0
to
2
0
0
0
r
p
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
R
Mabc
f
a
u
lt i
n
d
ices
b
eh
av
io
r
s
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
5
0
0
to
2
0
0
r
p
m
a
n
d
I
q
=
3
A
;
(
a
)
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
;
(
b
)
w
it
h
th
e
u
p
p
er
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
f
au
lt
;
(
c
)
w
i
th
o
n
e
le
g
o
p
en
-
s
w
itc
h
es
f
au
lt
Fig
u
r
e
16
.
R
DCc
f
a
u
lt i
n
d
ex
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
at
t
h
e
tr
ee
s
f
au
lt t
y
p
es
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
at
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atio
n
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
500
to
2
0
0
r
p
m
an
d
I
q
=
3
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
T
i
m
e
(s
)
S
p
e
e
d
S
p
e
e
d
r
e
f
P
M
S
M
s
p
e
e
d
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
5
5
.
5
6
-1
-
0
,
6
0
,
3
0
0
.
3
0
.
6
1
T
i
m
e
(s
)
R
d
c
c
h
e
a
l
t
h
y
O
p
e
n
T
c
O
p
e
n
T
'
c
O
p
e
n
T
c
a
n
t
T
'
c
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
0
,
2
0
,
4
0
,
6
0
,
8
1
T
i
m
e
(s
)
(a
)
R
M
a
b
c
R
M
a
b
R
M
b
c
R
M
c
a
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
1
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
2
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.