In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2222~
22
30
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2222-2230
2222
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Dyn
a
mic vo
ltage restorer (DVR
) in a comp
l
ex voltage
disturbance com
p
ensation
Muh
a
mmad
A
lif M
an
sor,
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
M
u
r
tadh
a Oth
m
an
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l Mu
si
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i
n
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S
i
ti Z
al
ih
a Moh
a
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ad
N
oor
Facul
t
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f
Elect
r
i
cal Engineerin
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, Un
i
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T
e
kn
ologi M
A
RA, 4
045
0 S
h
ah Alam, S
el
ang
o
r, M
al
ays
i
a
Art
i
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e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
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o
r
y
:
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i
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d
A
pr 17,
2
0
1
9
Re
vise
d Ju
l 1
4
,
201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
31,
201
9
No
wad
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d
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u
tio
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w
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perati
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om
pl
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te
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ified,
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a
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complex
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c
o
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ion
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th
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requ
ired
f
or
t
h
e
i
nt
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on
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erg
y
.
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d
i
s
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r
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tion
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w
o
r
k
t
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at
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ostly
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nfli
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b
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th
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vol
tag
e
d
i
s
t
u
rban
c
e
can
b
e
ref
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rred
to
a
s
t
h
e
m
e
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of
s
t
a
ti
onary
voltage
d
istur
b
ances
w
it
h
a
sho
r
t
du
rati
on
v
o
ltage
d
ist
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rb
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un
der
a
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ti
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T
heref
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m
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c
vo
lta
ge
r
e
s
to
re
r
(DVR
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i
n
tegrat
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ng
with
t
he
b
at
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ank
wi
ll
hav
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e
nou
gh
e
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e
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st
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t
o
o
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e
l
ong
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
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om
pl
e
x
v
olta
ge
di
s
t
urb
a
n
ce
th
at
o
ccurs
i
n
a
di
st
rib
u
t
i
on
n
et
work
i
nstalled
w
i
t
h
th
e
ph
ot
ov
olt
a
ic
(
PV)
s
y
stem.
T
h
e
resu
lt
s
are
ob
tain
ed
w
ith
s
at
isf
actori
l
y
find
in
g
s
i
n
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
tin
g
t
he
c
o
m
ple
x
v
ol
ta
ge
d
istu
rba
n
c
e
using
DV
R
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Com
p
le
x v
o
l
t
a
g
e
di
st
urba
nce
Dy
n
a
mi
c
vo
lt
ag
e res
t
o
r
er
(DVR)
Ba
tt
e
r
y ba
n
k
Phot
o
v
o
lta
ic
sys
tem
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
on ne
tw
ork
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Mu
ham
m
a
d
M
urta
dha
O
t
h
ma
n,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g,
Un
iv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
o
lo
gi
M
A
R
A,
4
045
0
Sh
ah
Ala
m,
S
el
a
n
go
r,
M
al
a
y
si
a
.
Em
ail:
ma
ma
t
505m
y
@
yah
o
o
.c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
A
co
mp
l
e
x
powe
r
q
u
a
li
ty
d
i
s
t
u
rb
an
c
e
t
h
a
t
oc
c
u
r
in
t
he
i
ndu
st
ri
a
l
sec
t
ors
m
a
y
ca
use
to
a
d
e
t
r
i
m
e
n
t
al
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
eco
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mark
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t
.
R
e
c
e
n
tly
,
ext
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
r
i
o
rit
i
e
s
and
m
ea
su
res
h
a
v
e
b
een
g
iv
e
n
t
o
th
e
in
du
st
rial
sect
ors
u
t
iliz
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g
m
ode
rn
a
u
t
om
atio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
e
l
ec
tr
on
ic
e
qui
pm
e
n
t
tha
t
w
i
l
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l
e
vera
ge
t
he
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
ma
rket.
Thi
s
s
ig
nif
i
e
s
t
ha
t
t
h
e
in
dustr
i
a
l
se
c
t
ors
co
ns
tit
u
t
e
w
it
h
the
lar
g
e
n
u
mbe
r
o
f
sens
it
ive
an
d
crit
ical
l
o
ad
s g
e
n
e
ra
l
l
y
wi
ll
e
n
c
ou
nt
er
a
n
eg
ati
v
e i
m
p
a
c
t
i
n
it
s sy
ste
m
ope
rat
i
o
n
d
ue t
o the
inc
r
ea
se
of c
o
m
p
lex
po
w
e
r
qua
l
ity
d
is
turb
ance
a
nd
v
o
lta
ge
i
n
s
t
a
b
ili
ty
a
risi
ng
f
rom
the
i
n
c
o
m
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
in
p
ow
er
q
ua
li
t
y
m
an
ife
s
t
e
d
i
n
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
c
u
r
r
ent or
freq
u
e
n
c
y
ma
y
i
n
s
tiga
t
e
t
o
a
b
r
eakd
o
w
n
o
r
ma
lf
un
c
t
i
o
n
of
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
ve
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
[
1,
2
]. The
i
nc
omin
g sup
p
l
y c
a
n
o
n
l
y c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
qua
l
ity
but
n
ot for the
c
urren
t
draw
n
by
a
l
o
ad.
Th
is
i
s
t
h
e
rea
s
o
n
t
ha
t
a
basic
p
o
w
e
r
qua
li
ty
c
o
mp
ens
a
ti
o
n
i
s
u
su
al
ly
p
erfo
rmed
b
y
prese
r
vi
n
g
t
he
s
up
p
l
y
vo
l
t
age
w
ith
i
n
c
erta
i
n
l
imi
t
.
N
e
ver
t
h
e
l
e
s
s,
t
h
i
s
n
o
t
the
ca
se
t
ha
t
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
s
o
l
v
e
d
f
or
a
pow
er
q
ua
l
i
t
y
p
ro
blem
h
av
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
e
vi
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
he
v
o
lta
ge
m
agn
i
t
ude
a
n
d
f
re
que
ncy
[3].
T
he
p
rob
l
em
bec
o
me
s
he
ft
ie
r
due
t
o
a
vas
t
g
r
o
w
t
h
of
e
le
ctro
nic
e
q
u
i
pm
ent
us
a
g
e
a
s
a
n
on
lin
e
a
r
l
o
ad
i
n
c
lu
si
ve
w
i
t
h
th
e
rene
w
a
ble e
n
e
r
gy in
sta
l
l
e
d in a
d
is
tri
b
u
t
i
on n
e
tw
ork
a
nd
e
v
e
n
t
u
a
lly e
nge
n
d
e
r
to the
p
ow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
p
r
o
ble
m
of
com
p
le
x v
o
lta
ge
d
ist
u
rba
n
ce.
A
pow
er
q
ua
l
i
t
y
p
r
ob
l
e
m
o
f
c
om
ple
x
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
i
s
t
u
rba
n
c
e
e
ve
nt
i
s
e
m
a
na
ti
ng
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
e
r
g
e
of
st
a
tio
na
ry
v
ol
t
a
ge
d
i
s
t
u
rba
n
c
e
s
suc
h
a
s
the
flic
ke
r
or
w
a
v
e
f
orm
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
a
s
h
o
r
t
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
di
st
urba
nce
s
u
ch
a
s
t
h
e
sa
g
s
o
r
trans
i
e
n
t
sur
g
e
s
[
4,
5
].
I
n
p
a
r
tic
ular
,
the
c
o
mple
x
vo
l
t
a
g
e
dist
urba
nc
e
o
ccur
i
n
a
di
strib
u
t
i
on
netw
ork
m
a
y
yie
l
d
to
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
s
a
g
s,
u
n
d
e
r-v
ol
ta
ge,
vo
lta
ge
s
w
e
l
l
,
over
-
v
o
lta
ges,
v
o
l
tag
e
harm
on
ic,
vo
l
t
a
ge
u
n
b
ala
n
c
e
,
vo
l
t
a
g
e
fl
uc
tu
ati
o
n
or
f
li
cke
r
s
[6
].
A
s
a
result,
t
h
i
s
w
ill
disrup
t
t
h
e
pe
rfor
m
a
nc
e
o
f
c
r
i
ti
c
a
l
o
r
s
en
si
tiv
e
l
o
a
d
s
co
nn
e
c
t
e
d
at
t
he
P
C
C
t
h
a
t
are
se
nsi
t
i
v
e
to
t
h
e
c
omp
l
ex
v
o
lta
ge
d
is
tur
b
a
n
c
e
.
T
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
y
nam
ic
vo
l
t
a
g
e
rest
orer (
D
VR)
i
n
a com
p
l
e
x v
o
lta
ge
d
i
st
urb
a
n
ce
com
p
e
n
sat
i
on Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
Al
i
f
M
a
nso
r
2
223
di
st
orte
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
a
y
re
sul
t
i
n
t
h
e
e
nd-
user
e
qu
i
p
m
e
nt
t
o
m
a
lfu
nc
ti
o
n
,
over
h
ea
ti
n
g
,
or
i
ne
ff
i
c
ie
nt
y
ie
l
d
i
n
g
to
the
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
l
o
sses
[
7
]. There
fore
, it is imp
orta
nt
for safe
an
d
ef
ficie
n
t o
p
er
at
io
n
o
f
cri
t
i
cal
or
se
nsi
t
ive
l
o
a
d
s
by
m
ain
t
a
i
n
i
ng
a
s
i
de
l
oa
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
in
t
he
s
i
nus
o
i
d
a
l
for
m
.
The
r
e
ar
e
vari
ous
m
eth
o
d
s
use
d
t
o
m
i
tiga
t
e
t
h
e
com
p
le
x
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
is
turba
n
ce
s
w
h
er
e
in
t
he
m
ost
effec
tive
solu
ti
o
n
i
s
b
y
util
iz
i
ng
the
c
u
stom
p
ow
er
d
evice
.
To
k
eep
s
e
n
si
t
i
ve
l
o
a
ds
f
rom
t
h
e
effect
s
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
is
t
u
r
b
a
n
ce
s
a
t
t
he
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
m
on
c
o
u
p
l
in
g
(P
C
C
),
by
use
d
t
he
D
y
n
a
m
ic
volta
ge
r
est
o
re
r
(D
V
R
)
as
a
c
usto
m
p
o
w
e
r
devic
e
d
e
si
gne
d
re
fer
r
ing
to
t
he
o
per
a
tin
g
pri
n
ci
p
l
e
of
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
o
u
rce
con
v
erte
r
(V
S
C
)
[8,9].
A
t
ypic
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
on
to
i
nsta
l
l
t
he
D
V
R
i
n
a
d
i
s
t
rib
u
ti
on
netw
ork
i
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
f
un
da
me
nta
l
w
ork
i
ng
of
D
V
R
i
s
t
o
i
n
j
e
c
t
a
s
pec
i
f
i
c
a
m
oun
t
of
v
ol
ta
ge
ma
gni
tude
,
fre
que
nc
y
a
n
d
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
l
e
i
n
s
e
r
ies
at
d
is
t
r
ibu
t
io
n
fe
ed
er
t
o
co
mp
en
sa
te
t
h
e
u
nb
a
l
ance
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
o
r
ti
on
w
hile
r
et
ai
ning
t
he
d
esi
r
ed
a
mp
l
i
tu
d
e
a
nd
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
l
o
a
d
v
o
l
ta
ge.
H
o
w
e
ver,
t
he
c
a
p
ac
it
or
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
a
t
t
h
e
D
C
li
nk
o
f
VS
C
i
s
not
e
n
oug
h
to
s
ust
a
i
n
e
n
e
rgy
s
upp
ly
i
nto
a
di
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
ne
t
w
ork.
Th
e
r
efo
r
e,
t
h
e
p
ropo
s
e
d
t
e
chn
i
qu
e
o
f
DVR
i
s
to
i
nt
e
g
ra
t
e
w
it
h
t
he
b
a
t
te
r
y
b
a
n
k
a
t
t
he
D
C
lin
k
to
p
r
o
v
i
de
e
n
oug
h
en
e
r
g
y
t
o
o
v
e
rco
m
e
lo
ng
a
nd
d
eep
v
olt
a
g
e
s
ag
,
vo
lt
a
g
e
i
n
t
e
rrupt
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
hi
gh
ly
v
ol
t
a
ge
u
nb
al
an
ce
tha
t
f
a
l
ls
u
nde
r
t
h
e
com
p
le
x
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
s
t
urba
nce
.
T
he
p
ho
t
o
vo
lt
a
i
c
(
P
V
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
c
h
argi
n
g
t
h
e
ba
t
t
e
r
y
b
a
n
k
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
a
b
und
an
ce
o
f
g
r
ee
n
e
n
e
r
gy
c
a
n
be
e
asily
a
c
q
u
i
re
d
from
a
f
r
ee
resourc
e
[1
0]
.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
DOLOGY
The
D
V
R
i
s
li
nk
u
p
i
n
ser
i
e
s
w
it
h
the
se
nsiti
ve
l
oa
d
in
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
i
o
n
ne
t
w
ork
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
The
D
V
R
i
s
o
p
e
r
at
in
g
as
t
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
-so
u
rce
co
nver
t
e
r
(
V
S
C)
f
or
D
C
/
A
C
c
o
n
ve
rsi
on
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
t
he
c
a
p
ac
it
or
is
u
se
d
as
t
h
e
D
C
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sour
ce
to
s
up
p
l
y
the
V
S
C
via
D
C
l
i
n
k
fol
l
o
w
ed
by
the
is
ola
t
i
o
n
tra
n
sfo
r
mer
is
respo
n
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
n
j
ec
t
the
se
rie
s
v
ol
ta
ge
i
nt
o
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
a
n
d
ev
en
tu
al
ly
,
t
o
t
ermi
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
wit
c
hi
ng
harm
on
ics
o
f
t
he
V
S
C
by
us
ed
t
he
p
ass
i
ve
f
i
l
t
e
r.
T
he
c
apac
i
t
or
c
o
nnec
t
ed
a
t
the
D
C
l
i
n
k
w
ill
e
x
perie
n
c
e
li
m
i
ta
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
u
p
p
l
yi
ng
t
h
e
e
n
erg
y
s
tor
a
ge
t
o
the
D
V
R
r
equ
i
red
for
co
m
p
ensa
ti
n
g
t
h
e
l
o
ng
time
a
n
d
de
p
t
h
vo
lta
ge
d
isturb
a
n
ces
i
n
the
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
ne
t
w
ork
[11].
Th
e
prop
ose
d
t
ec
hn
ique
i
nv
o
l
ve
s
the
i
n
te
gra
t
i
on
o
f
D
V
R
w
ith
b
a
tter
y
b
an
k
s
u
ppl
ie
d
by
t
h
e
P
V
s
yste
m.
T
his
a
p
p
r
oac
h
ha
s
t
h
e
ad
va
n
t
age
of
s
up
pl
yi
n
g
a
rea
s
ona
ble
am
ou
n
t
o
f
ene
r
g
y
r
equ
i
re
d
by
t
h
e
D
V
R
f
or
c
om
pen
s
at
i
n
g
the
c
o
m
p
lex
v
o
lta
ge
d
istur
b
a
n
ce
i
n
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
n
e
t
w
o
rk.
T
h
e
fu
ndam
e
n
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
i
ng
o
f
D
V
R
i
s
t
o
i
n
j
e
ct
a
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
t
a
part
icu
l
ar
a
m
o
un
t
of
ma
gni
tude
,
fre
que
nc
y
a
n
d
p
h
a
se
a
n
g
le
i
n
se
ries
a
n
d
s
ync
h
r
on
ous
l
y
w
i
th
t
he
d
istri
b
u
t
i
o
n
fe
e
d
er
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
prese
r
ve
t
he
d
esire
d
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
and
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
of
l
oa
d
vo
l
t
age
e
s
p
eci
al
ly
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
ccu
rren
c
e
of
vol
t
a
g
e
un
ba
lanc
e
o
r
d
is
tort
ion
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
fr
om
t
he
m
a
i
n
grid
o
r
p
o
i
n
t
c
o
mm
on
co
up
l
i
n
g
(
P
C
C)
[
12].
F
i
gure
2
show
s
a
schem
a
t
i
c
d
i
a
g
ra
m
of
D
VR
t
hat
o
p
era
t
es
b
y
r
ece
ivin
g
t
h
e
com
p
le
x
v
olta
ge
d
i
s
t
u
rba
n
c
e
s
i
g
na
l
from
t
h
e
m
a
in
g
r
i
d
o
r
P
C
C
a
t
p
o
i
n
t
E
a
n
d
i
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
n
D
V
R
c
ontro
l
l
er
a
t
p
o
i
n
t
G
.
T
he
n,
t
he
di
ffe
re
nce
si
gn
al i
s use
d
b
y t
h
e
hys
tere
si
s sw
it
c
h
i
n
g rela
ys t
o
g
en
era
t
e
th
e
u
n
i
p
ol
a
r
S
PW
M
si
gn
al
r
eq
u
i
red
by
t
h
e
IG
B
T
s
witc
h
e
s
a
t
poi
nt
F
.
Th
e
e
n
erg
y
ba
n
k
t
h
a
t
s
upp
ly
a
D
C
vo
ltag
e
v
ia
D
C
l
i
nk
w
ill
c
onve
r
t
i
n
t
o
A
C
sup
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
by
t
h
e
IG
BT
s
w
i
t
c
hes
a
n
d
in
jec
t
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
dis
t
ri
b
ut
i
on
netw
ork
thro
u
gh
the
thr
ee-
p
h
ase
isola
t
io
n tra
n
sf
orm
e
r
at poi
n
t
D
f
or
c
om
p
e
ns
ati
ng
the c
o
mp
lex
v
o
l
ta
ge
d
is
tur
b
a
n
ce
[1
3
]
.
F
i
gure
1.
P
rop
o
se
d tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
of
D
V
R
int
e
g
r
a
ted
w
i
t
h
b
a
t
te
ry
b
an
k a
nd P
V
syst
e
m.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
2
2
– 2
230
2
224
F
i
gure
2.
S
c
h
em
atic d
ia
g
r
am
of D
V
R
in
t
e
g
ra
t
e
d w
i
th t
he
b
att
e
r
y
ba
n
k
a
nd
P
V
s
yste
m
fo
r
com
p
l
e
x v
o
l
t
a
g
e
di
st
urba
nce
co
m
p
ensa
ti
o
n
.
2.1.
Thr
ee-
Phase
Pro
g
ra
m
m
a
ble
Volta
g
e
S
o
ur
ce
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
2,
t
h
e
t
hre
e
-p
ha
se
p
r
ogram
ma
ble
v
o
lta
ge
s
ourc
e
r
epr
e
s
en
ti
n
g
a
s
the
ma
in
g
ri
d
o
r
P
CC
w
as
set
w
ith
t
he
p
o
s
iti
ve-se
que
nc
e
vo
lta
ge
o
f
5
0
8
V
L-L
w
i
t
h
0
˚
ph
as
e
a
ngl
e
a
t
5
0
H
z
t
o
s
u
ppl
y
t
h
e
fu
nd
amen
t
a
l
rms
vo
lta
ge
o
f
4
1
5
V
L-L
a
t
p
o
i
n
t
A
.
The
thre
e
-
pha
se
p
ro
gr
am
ma
bl
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sour
ce
i
s
s
pe
ci
fied
t
o
ge
ne
rate
a
com
p
le
x
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
s
t
urba
nce
of v
olta
ge
s
a
g
o
r
u
nder
v
o
l
tag
e
a
t 7
0%
f
rom
the fun
d
am
en
t
a
l
rm
s
vo
l
t
age sup
p
l
y
withi
n
a
c
erta
in
d
urat
io
n
spe
c
i
fica
ll
y
de
si
g
n
ed
f
or
t
h
e
c
ase
st
u
d
y
2
w
hi
ch
w
ill
be
d
isc
u
sse
d
i
n
t
he
e
ns
u
i
n
g
sect
io
n.
I
n
t
h
e
case
s
t
ud
y
3,
t
he
t
hree
-p
has
e
p
ro
gra
m
m
a
ble
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sou
r
ce
w
i
l
l
g
en
era
t
e
a
co
mp
l
e
x
vo
lt
ag
e
di
st
urba
nce
of
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
w
e
l
l
o
r
o
v
er
v
o
lta
g
e
a
t
17
0%
f
ro
m
the
fu
ndam
e
nta
l
r
m
s
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
up
p
l
y
w
i
th
in
a
ce
rtai
n
d
u
ra
tio
n
[14,
1
5].
The
effec
t
o
f
harm
onic
in
t
he
f
un
dam
en
ta
l
r
m
s
vo
ltage
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
gen
e
rate
d
from
the
m
ain gri
d
o
r P
C
C fo
r c
a
se
s
t
u
dy
1.
2.2.
Thr
ee-
Phase
Volta
g
e f
lic
k
e
r
/
Im
ba
l
a
nc
e Pr
ogr
amm
a
b
l
e S
o
ur
ce
The
e
x
t
e
rna
l
v
ol
ta
ge
s
ource
i
s
use
d
t
o
i
n
j
e
c
t
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
f
lic
k
e
r
s
t
h
ro
ugh
t
h
e
th
ree
-
p
h
a
se
i
sol
a
ti
on
trans
f
or
me
r
t
h
a
t
f
low
s
i
nt
o
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
o
n
ne
tw
ork
at
p
o
i
n
t
B
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
i
s
wi
ll
b
e
t
h
e
c
a
se
s
t
u
d
y
4
hav
i
ng
t
h
e
i
n
je
cted
e
x
t
er
nal
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
so
urc
e
c
ons
i
s
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
20.
32
V
L-L
o
f
p
o
s
iti
ve
-seq
uen
c
e
vol
tage
t
ha
t
is
4
%
from
the
fu
n
d
a
m
enta
l
rm
s
vol
t
a
ge
s
up
p
l
y i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
0
ͦ
pha
s
e
a
ngle
at 5Hz [16]
.
2.2.
1.
N
o
n
-
Lin
e
ar
L
oad
The
no
n-
li
nea
r
l
o
a
d
is
u
se
d
in
t
h
e
case
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
w
he
reb
y
t
he
i
mp
e
d
an
c
e
i
s
c
h
a
ngi
ng
c
o
rres
p
ondi
ng
t
o
the
varia
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
v
o
lta
g
e
.
Ther
efore
,
t
he
c
urr
e
nt
p
ro
duc
ed
w
il
l
n
o
t
be
s
inus
o
i
da
l
e
v
e
n
i
f
it
i
s
c
o
nne
c
t
ed
t
o
a
sinus
o
i
da
l
vo
lt
age
be
ca
use
o
f
c
on
ne
cte
d
b
y
the
no
n-l
i
n
ear
l
oa
d
[17].
The
s
e
non-
sinus
o
i
d
a
l
c
u
rre
nts
w
ill
c
a
rry
harm
on
ic
c
urre
nts
tha
t
i
nter
a
c
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
m
p
eda
n
ce
of
d
is
t
r
ibu
t
io
n
ne
tw
ork
t
o
p
r
oduc
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
te
rrup
t
ion
s
w
h
ic
h m
a
y
infl
uence
b
o
t
h t
h
e
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
loa
d
a
nd the
eq
u
i
pm
ent
[
18
].
2.2.
2.
DV
R
Co
ntro
l
l
er
Th
e
ma
i
n
f
unc
t
i
on
o
f
DVR
i
s
a
l
so
t
o
p
r
o
t
ect
t
h
e
s
e
n
sit
i
v
e
lo
ad
ag
a
i
n
s
t
a
c
o
m
p
le
x
v
o
lta
g
e
di
st
urba
nce
a
t
P
CC
b
us
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
su
pp
lie
d
fr
om
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
on
netw
ork.
T
he
D
V
R
c
on
tro
ller
circ
u
i
t
rec
e
i
v
e
d
t
he
s
ig
na
ls
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
so
ur
ce w
ith di
s
t
o
rte
d
i
np
ut
s
up
pl
y
,
V
s
,
and loa
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
se
nsit
iv
e
loa
d
.
P
r
i
o
r
t
o
t
he
c
o
m
pa
riso
n,
t
he
d
i
s
t
o
rte
d
s
up
pl
y
v
o
lta
ges
c
o
m
i
ng
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
g
r
i
d
o
r
P
C
C
a
r
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
mult
i
p
lie
d
b
y
t
h
e
g
ai
n,
k
,
de
ri
ved
from
t
he
p
e
a
k
am
p
lit
u
d
e
of
f
un
da
me
nta
l
i
np
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
V
m
,
o
r
i
g
i
nate
d
fr
om
the
V
L-
L
to
c
ha
nge
i
n
per
u
n
i
t
val
u
e
of
v
o
lta
ge
[1
9]
.
Th
en
,
a
si
nu
soi
d
al
u
ni
t
v
ect
o
r
,
ω
t,
i
s
ge
nera
ted
b
y
usin
g
t
h
e
si
nu
so
i
d
a
l
fu
n
c
ti
on
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
t
h
ree
ph
a
s
e
l
o
ck
ed
l
oo
p
(PLL
)
[
20].
The
re
fere
nce
l
o
a
d
vol
tage
,
Vr
ef
,
signal
is
d
er
ive
d
b
y c
onsi
d
er
ing
t
h
e
ω
t
a
s gai
n
s i
n
(
1,2,
3).
(
1
)
2
/
3
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
y
nam
ic
vo
l
t
a
g
e
rest
orer (
D
VR)
i
n
a com
p
l
e
x v
o
lta
ge
d
i
st
urb
a
n
ce
com
p
e
n
sat
i
on Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
Al
i
f
M
a
nso
r
2
225
2
/
3
(
3
)
Where,
V
L-L
i
s
t
h
e
ac
t
u
a
l
v
olt
a
ge
m
agn
itu
de
o
f
41
5V
LL
.a
nd
i
s
the
p
h
ase
angl
e
shi
f
t
(
o
).
T
he
l
oad
re
fe
ren
c
e
vol
t
a
g
e
o
f
pul
se
w
id
t
h
m
odu
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
P
W
M
)
i
s
obta
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
the
com
p
aris
o
n
b
etwee
n
Vre
f
and
l
o
ad
vo
lta
ge
o
f
V
L
o
ad.
V
ia
t
he
h
yst
e
resis
vo
ltage
c
on
tro
l
[
21].
S
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
ous
ly,
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
ref
e
re
n
c
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
of
p
ul
se
w
i
d
t
h
mod
u
l
a
t
i
on (P
WM)
is
u
sed t
o
trig
g
e
r
t
he
opera
t
i
o
n
of
IG
BT
s
w
i
tc
he
s [22,
2
3
].
2.2.
3.
Battery
B
an
k
I
n
F
ig
ure
2,
a
b
a
tte
ry
b
a
nk
at
p
o
i
n
t
H
i
s
con
n
e
c
t
ed
i
n
pa
ral
l
el
w
it
h
t
h
e
D
C
l
in
k
to
r
e
s
tore
t
he
ca
paci
t
y
s
h
o
r
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
he
capa
c
itor
.
I
n
or
der
to
e
ns
ure
t
h
a
t
t
he
D
V
R
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
D
C
l
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sho
u
l
d
b
e
gre
a
ter
tha
n
d
o
u
b
le
t
he
r
ate
d
v
ol
tage
o
f
t
h
e
dis
t
ri
bu
t
i
o
n
sy
st
em.
He
n
c
e,
t
h
e
p
re
fe
rabl
e
amou
nt
o
f
D
C
lin
k
vo
lta
ge
is gi
ven
b
y
t
h
e
f
ol
low
i
ng e
q
uat
i
on
i
n
(4).
√
√
(
4
)
Whe
r
e,
m
i
s
t
he
m
odu
l
a
tio
n
inde
x.
H
e
n
ce
,
the
ca
lcu
l
a
t
ed
v
alue
o
f
is
6
78
V
for
m
i
s
1
a
n
d
41
5
. In this s
tudy, t
he batter
y
v
oltage is set
to 700V.
2.2.
4.
Ph
otov
olt
a
ic S
ystem
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
e
quiv
a
l
e
nt
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
of
a
p
hot
ovo
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
em
.
In
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
t
e
chn
i
que,
t
h
e
ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
stem
i
s
l
i
nk u
p
i
n para
llel
w
i
t
h
D
C
li
n
k
f
or
s
up
p
l
yin
g
e
ne
r
gy
a
s
a
s
o
u
rce
to the
b
a
tter
y
b
ank
a
t
po
int
I in t
he
Fig
ure
2.
F
i
gur
e 3.
(a
)
E
qu
iva
l
e
n
t
circ
uit o
f
p
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
aic
sys
t
e
m
a
nd (
b
)
V
-I
c
har
acter
i
s
t
i
c
of p
h
o
t
o
vo
ltaic
s
yste
m.
I
n
F
igure
3(b)
, show
s
the
gra
p
h of
t
he V
-
I
c
hara
cter
i
s
t
i
c
of a
pho
t
ovo
lt
aic
syste
m
t
ha
t d
e
pe
nd
o
n
the
irra
d
i
a
n
ce
of l
i
g
h
t
. The
e
qua
t
i
on
o
f
V
-
I
c
haracter
i
s
ti
c of a
ph
o
t
ovo
lta
ic
s
yste
m
sh
ow
n i
n
(5)
.
1
(
5
)
Where,
I
PV
i
s
t
h
e
p
hot
ovol
t
a
ic
c
u
rrent
,
I
o
i
s
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
e
d
o
pposit
e
cu
rre
n
t
,
a
i
s
a
n
i
dea
l
d
io
de
c
on
sta
n
t,
V
t
=N
S
KTq
-
1
is
t
he
t
her
m
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
N
S
is
t
he
n
umbe
r
of
s
eries
ce
l
l
s
,
q
i
s
t
h
e
e
l
ect
ron
ch
arg
e
,
K
is
t
h
e
Bol
t
zm
an
n
co
ns
tan
t
,
T
i
s
t
h
e
t
em
per
a
t
u
re
o
f
p–
n
ju
nc
ti
o
n
,
a
nd
R
S
and
R
P
are
ser
i
e
s
a
n
d
p
ar
al
l
e
l
eq
ui
va
len
t
resistance
o
f
the
s
o
l
a
r
pa
nels
,
r
e
spect
i
vely.
I
PV
ha
s
a
l
i
nea
r
r
e
l
at
ion
w
ith
l
ig
h
t
i
n
t
e
n
sit
y
a
nd
a
ls
o
varie
s
w
ith
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
va
r
i
a
tio
ns
[
24].
I
o
is
r
e
l
yi
n
g
on
tem
p
era
t
ure
va
ria
tio
ns.
T
h
e
va
lue
s
o
f
I
pv
and
I
o
are
ca
l
c
u
l
ate
d
by
us
i
n
g
(6)
and (7):
,
∆
(6)
,
∆
,
∆
/
(
7
)
In
w
h
i
ch
I
PV,
n
,
I
SC,n
a
nd
V
OC
,n
are
pho
to
vo
l
t
ai
c
c
u
rre
nt
,
o
p
en
c
i
r
cu
it
vol
ta
ge
a
nd
s
h
ort
c
i
rc
ui
t
c
u
rrent
in
t
yp
ica
l
s
ta
t
e
(
T
n
=25
C
an
d
G
n
=
1
00
0
Wm
-2
),
r
esp
e
c
t
iv
ely
.
K
I
is
t
he
c
o
e
ffic
i
e
n
t
o
f
s
h
ort
c
i
r
c
ui
t
c
u
r
r
ent
t
o
tem
p
era
t
ur
e,
Δ
T=T
-
T
n
i
s
t
he
t
em
pera
t
u
r
e
d
iv
e
r
genc
e
from
t
yp
ica
l
t
e
m
pe
ra
ture,
G
i
s
t
h
e
ligh
t
i
nte
n
si
ty
a
nd
K
V
is
t
he
r
a
t
i
o
c
oe
ffic
i
e
n
t
o
f
ope
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t
vol
ta
ge
t
o
t
e
mpe
r
at
ure
.
S
hort
circ
ui
t
c
u
rre
nt
,
o
p
e
n
c
i
rc
ui
t
vo
lt
age
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
2
2
– 2
230
2
226
vo
lta
ge-c
urrent
e
qu
iva
l
e
n
t
t
o
t
he
h
i
g
hes
t
pow
er
a
r
e
t
hre
e
i
m
p
or
t
a
nt
poi
nt
s
o
f
I
-V
c
h
a
ra
ct
eri
s
t
i
c
of
p
hot
ovo
lt
ai
c
s
y
st
e
m
[2
5
]
.
3.
S
I
M
U
LA
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
U
L
TS
A
N
D
A
NA
LY
S
I
S
The
pro
p
o
sed
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
dia
g
ram
of
D
V
R
e
mpl
o
yed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ensa
ti
o
n
o
f
co
mp
l
e
x
vol
t
a
g
e
d
i
s
tu
rb
an
ce
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
2
a
n
d
i
t
h
as
b
e
e
n
s
imu
l
a
t
ed
u
si
n
g
M
a
t
l
a
b/S
i
m
ul
i
nk.
T
he
opera
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
V
R
i
s
pe
rform
ed
b
a
sed
on
di
f
f
e
re
n
t
s
uppl
y
c
o
mp
l
e
x
vo
l
t
a
g
e
d
ist
u
rb
a
n
c
e
s
an
d i
s
t
es
t
e
d un
der
va
ri
ous
opera
tin
g s
t
a
t
e.
D
V
R
w
ith
the
pr
op
ose
d
c
on
tro
l
ler
sc
he
m
e
h
ave
bee
n
d
e
s
ig
ne
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
com
p
e
nsa
t
i
o
n
of
l
ong
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
c
o
m
pl
ex
v
olt
a
ge
di
st
urba
nce
un
de
r
seve
ral
c
a
s
e
s
tu
d
i
es.
DV
R
wa
s
u
s
ed
t
o
st
ab
ili
ze
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
d
eman
d
con
n
ect
e
d
at
t
h
e
PCC
a
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
g
r
id
s
upp
ly
c
ont
a
i
nin
g
a
co
mp
l
e
x
vo
lt
ag
e
di
sturba
nc
e
ca
used
by
th
e
fa
u
l
t
tha
t
h
a
p
pene
d
at the
o
t
h
er
s
id
e
of
l
oa
d [2
6]
.
3.1.
C
ase S
t
u
d
y
1:
V
o
l
t
age h
arm
o
n
i
c an
d
flic
k
e
r
F
i
gure
4(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
he
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
ced
s
up
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
w
a
v
eform
un
der
n
onl
in
e
a
r
lo
ad
c
on
di
tio
n
a
t
P
C
C
ca
use
d
b
y
t
h
e
har
m
on
ic
i
nje
c
t
ed
f
r
o
m
the
sour
ce
a
t
P
CC.
T
he
D
V
R
c
o
m
pe
nsa
t
es
t
he
u
nba
l
a
nced
s
up
p
l
y
vo
lta
ge
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
ca
use
d
b
y
i
n
j
e
cte
d
h
ar
monic.
F
ig
ure
4(c
)
s
how
s
the
A
C
v
o
l
ta
ge
i
n
j
ec
te
d
i
n
to
t
he
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
ne
tw
ork
for
com
p
en
sat
i
ng
the
un
ba
lance
d
v
o
lta
ge
h
e
nce
s
u
pp
l
y
in
g
a
st
a
b
le
v
o
l
tage
t
o
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
side
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
i
g
ure
4(b)
.
O
n
t
he
o
t
h
e
r
s
i
d
e,
F
igure
5(a
)
s
h
ow
t
he
4
%
flic
kers
o
f
5H
z
from
t
h
e
de
sire
d
ou
tpu
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
w
it
hi
n
t
h
e
d
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
0.
0
5
s
e
c
ond
t
o
0
.
1
5
se
c
o
n
d
a
t
the
P
C
C
a
n
d
t
hi
s
i
s
s
peci
fie
d
base
d
on t
h
e
IEEE
Standar
d
1
159-1995.
Figure
5(
c)
s
hows
t
he
A
C
voltage
injec
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
DVR
i
nto
t
h
e
di
st
rib
u
t
i
o
n
netw
ork for c
o
m
p
ensa
ti
n
g
t
he
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
ce
d v
o
l
t
a
ge fl
i
c
k
ers a
n
d
su
p
p
l
y
ing a
st
a
b
l
e
v
o
lta
ge to
t
h
e l
o
a
d
a
s s
how
n
in F
ig
ure
5(b)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
y
nam
ic
vo
l
t
a
g
e
rest
orer (
D
VR)
i
n
a com
p
l
e
x v
o
lta
ge
d
i
st
urb
a
n
ce
com
p
e
n
sat
i
on Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
Al
i
f
M
a
nso
r
2
227
F
i
gure
4.
D
V
R
i
s com
p
ensa
t
i
ng im
ba
la
nce
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
cause
b
y the
ha
r
m
o
n
ic
(
a
)
V
olta
ge
d
ist
u
rbanc
e
a
t P
CC,
(
b)
Vol
t
age
at
t
he
l
oad a
f
ter
com
p
ensa
ti
o
n
,
and (c)
Volt
a
g
e i
n
je
c
t
e
d i
n
to
t
he d
i
s
tri
b
u
tio
n ne
t
w
or
k b
y
D
V
R
.
F
i
gure
5.
D
V
R
is c
o
m
p
ensa
ti
ng 4
%
of
v
o
lta
ge
fl
i
c
k
e
r
s (a
) V
o
lta
g
e d
i
s
t
urbance
a
t
P
C
C
,
(
b
) V
o
ltage
at
the
loa
d
a
f
t
e
r co
mp
e
n
s
a
t
i
on
, a
n
d
(c
) V
o
lt
ag
e
i
n
j
ect
ed
i
nto
t
h
e
di
st
ribu
t
ion
ne
tw
or
k by
D
V
R
.
3.2.
C
ase S
t
u
d
y
2:
V
o
l
t
age S
wel
l
/
Ove
r
v
o
l
tage
Th
e
se
con
d
c
a
s
e
stud
y
in
volv
e
s
co
mp
e
n
sa
ti
on
o
f
vol
t
a
g
e
s
we
l
l
o
r
o
verv
ol
ta
ge
u
n
d
e
r
n
on
line
a
r
l
o
a
d
con
d
i
t
i
on.
T
h
i
s
pro
b
l
em
o
cc
ur
s
bec
a
u
se
o
f
e
i
t
h
e
r
the
d
i
s
tri
but
i
on
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
s
la
c
k
ing
w
i
t
h
the
r
eq
uire
d
vo
lta
ge
regu
la
ti
on, i
nsuf
fic
i
e
n
t vo
l
t
a
g
e
co
ntro
l or te
m
porary vo
l
t
a
g
e r
ise
dur
in
g a
sin
g
le li
n
e-
to
-gr
o
u
n
d fa
ult. U
sual
l
y
,
the
co
nse
que
n
c
es
h
a
ppe
ne
d
due
t
o
the
l
o
a
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
uc
h
,
capa
c
it
o
r
b
a
nk
o
p
er
at
io
n
o
r
i
nacc
urate
ta
p
se
tt
ing
of
t
rans
form
e
r
s.
T
he
1
70%
o
f
vol
ta
ge
s
w
e
ll
b
eg
i
n
s
from
0.
2
sec
o
nd
unt
il
3
.2
s
e
c
ond
a
t
P
CC
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
6(a)
.
The
v
o
lt
age
sw
e
lls
o
r
over
v
o
ltage
i
s
se
t
base
d
o
n
t
h
e
IEE
E
S
t
a
nda
r
d
1
1
59-
19
95.
T
hu
s,
t
he
D
V
R
con
t
ro
l
l
er
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
1.7
p.
u.
o
f
vo
ltage
s
w
e
ll
a
t
P
C
C
a
n
d
c
om
p
are
it
w
i
t
h
t
he
f
i
x
e
d
r
ef
ere
n
ce
vo
l
t
ag
e
of
1
.0
p
.
u
.
t
h
a
t
e
v
entu
a
lly
d
riv
e
n
the
IGB
T
s
wit
c
hes
t
o
i
nj
e
c
t
A
C
s
up
p
ly
i
n
ne
gat
i
ve
m
ag
n
itu
de
t
o
c
o
mpe
n
sa
te
t
he
rem
a
ini
ng
ma
gni
t
ude
o
f
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
w
e
ll
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
6
(c
).
T
he
im
prove
d
inc
o
mi
n
g
v
oltage
f
or
l
oa
d
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
to
t
he
c
om
pen
s
at
io
n
m
a
de
b
y
the
D
V
R
i
s
show
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
6(b).
I
t
i
s
o
b
ser
v
e
d
t
ha
t
the
D
V
R
imm
e
diate
l
y
in
j
e
c
t
s t
h
e
remain
i
ng m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
of
v
o
l
ta
ge
e
l
e
me
nts
to pre
se
rve
t
h
e
l
oad
v
o
lta
ge
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
2
2
– 2
230
2
228
F
i
gur
e 6.
D
V
R
i
s
com
p
ensa
t
i
ng
7
0
% o
f
V
ol
tage
S
w
e
l
l
/O
ve
r
volta
ge
(a) Vo
l
t
ag
e wi
th
di
s
t
u
rb
an
c
e
a
t
PC
C
,
(b
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
at
t
he
l
oa
d a
f
ter
com
p
ensa
ti
on,
a
nd (c
) V
o
l
t
age
i
n
je
cte
d
i
n
t
o
d
i
s
tri
b
u
t
i
o
n
ne
tw
ork
by
D
V
R
.
3
.
3
.
Ca
s
e Study
3
:
Co
mplex
v
o
ltag
e
disturba
n
ce
co
mb
in
a
t
io
n
Vo
lt
age
s
ag
a
n
d
flic
ke
r
s
Th
e
t
h
i
r
d
c
a
se
s
tu
dy
i
s
co
m
p
e
n
sa
tio
n
of
c
o
m
p
l
ex
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
i
s
t
u
rb
an
c
e
c
om
prise
s
a
c
o
m
bi
na
tio
n
o
f
vo
lta
ge sa
g
an
d
flic
ker
s
u
nde
r non
linea
r loa
d
co
n
d
i
tio
n.
Vol
ta
g
e
sag
i
s
cre
ated
by e
i
ther
starti
n
g lar
g
e
m
o
tors,
e
n
ergi
z
a
tio
n
of
h
eavy
l
o
ad
s,
o
r
a
si
ngl
e-l
i
n
e
-to
-
g
r
ou
nd
f
a
u
lt
i
n
an
o
t
her
fe
eder
o
f
t
h
e
sam
e
s
ub
s
t
a
t
i
o
n.
T
h
e
pro
b
lem
s
u
sua
lly
h
a
ppe
ne
d
u
n
t
i
l
t
he
v
ol
t
a
g
e
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
ion
a
p
plia
nc
es
b
ri
ng
bac
k
t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
w
it
hi
n
tole
r
a
nc
es.
Be
s
i
de
s
tha
t
,
fl
icker
s
i
s
u
s
ua
l
l
y
h
a
p
pene
d
be
ca
use
of
t
he
d
i
s
tr
i
but
io
n
s
y
st
e
m
i
s
to
o
w
e
e
k
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
rt
t
h
e
l
oa
d
resul
t
i
ng to
a
l
ow
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
irc
u
i
t
r
at
io.
V
o
ltage
v
a
r
ia
t
i
ons t
hat
o
c
c
u
r
from
f
lic
keri
ng
a
r
e
oft
e
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
the
n
or
m
a
l
vo
lta
ge r
a
nge,
bu
t the
cha
n
ge
is fa
st e
n
o
u
g
h
to in
ter
r
up
t a
t
e
n
d use
r
. The
70%
of
vo
lta
ge
sa
g
h
ap
pe
ne
d a
t
0.0
5
seco
nd
u
n
t
i
l
0.
6
5
sec
ond a
t
P
CC as sh
o
w
n
i
n F
i
gure
7. H
ence
, th
e
thre
e-
pha
se
s
up
p
l
y v
o
l
t
a
g
e a
t
P
C
C
dro
ps t
o
0.3
p.u.
d
ur
ing
the
sa
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
a
nd
it
is
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
on
the
IEEE
Sta
n
d
a
r
d
1
159-1995.
F
urther
mor
e
,
the
4%
f
l
i
c
k
er
s
a
t
5
H
z
i
s
ap
p
lie
d
ba
sed
o
n
t
he
s
p
e
c
i
fica
t
i
o
n
in
I
EE
E
S
t
a
n
dar
d
1
1
5
9
-1
99
5
com
b
i
n
e
d
w
ith
t
he
vo
lta
ge sa
g
distur
b
a
n
ce
at
dur
atio
n
0.25
se
c
o
nd t
o
0.
4
5 sec
o
nd
a
t
P
CC
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
7
(
a
)
.
F
i
gure
7.
D
V
R
is c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
ng
com
p
l
e
x po
w
e
r
quali
t
y
co
m
bina
t
i
o
n
b
etwe
en
7
0
%
of
Vo
lt
a
g
e Sag
(a)
V
o
ltage
sa
g
w
it
h
fl
icker
s
,
(
b
)
V
o
l
t
age
at
t
he
l
oad a
f
ter
com
p
en
sat
i
on
, a
n
d
(c
) Vo
l
t
ag
e
inj
ect
ed
int
o
di
stri
but
i
on n
e
tw
or
k by D
V
R.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
y
nam
ic
vo
l
t
a
g
e
rest
orer (
D
VR)
i
n
a com
p
l
e
x v
o
lta
ge
d
i
st
urb
a
n
ce
com
p
e
n
sat
i
on Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
Al
i
f
M
a
nso
r
2
229
Th
us,
the
D
V
R
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
d
e
te
ct
t
he
0
.
3
p
.
u
.
of
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
ol
ta
ge
sa
g
c
o
m
b
ine
d
w
i
t
h
fl
icke
rs
a
t
P
CC
and
c
o
m
p
are
d
i
t
w
ith
t
he
f
i
x
e
d
r
e
f
er
ence
v
o
l
tage
o
f
1.
0
p.
u.
a
t
n
omina
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
Eve
n
t
u
a
l
l
y
,
drive
n
t
he
I
G
B
T
swi
t
c
h
e
s
t
o
i
n
j
e
c
t
A
C
suppl
y
i
n
p
o
s
it
iv
e
ma
g
n
it
ud
e
t
o
c
omp
e
n
s
at
e
0.3
p.
u.
r
em
ainin
g
m
a
gnit
ude
o
f
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sag
a
n
d
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
v
o
lta
ge
f
l
i
c
k
ers
show
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
7(c
)
.
The
im
pr
ove
d
i
n
c
o
mi
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
co
n
n
ec
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
loa
d
s
ub
jec
t
t
o
the
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
m
a
de
by
t
h
e
D
V
R
i
s
sh
o
w
n
in
F
i
gure
7
(
b).
It
i
s
obser
ve
d
tha
t
t
o
pre
s
e
r
ve
the l
o
a
d
v
o
lta
ge
of sens
iti
ve
l
oad,
t
he D
V
R
i
m
m
e
diate
l
y i
n
j
ects
t
he
nec
ess
a
ry
v
o
l
ta
ge e
le
me
nts.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Thi
s
a
rt
i
c
l
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
o
n
th
e
co
mp
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
t
ech
niq
u
e
o
f
c
o
mple
x
v
olt
a
g
e
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
a
s
sa
f
e
gu
a
r
din
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
b
y
usi
n
g
D
V
R
t
o
p
re
se
rv
e
c
ont
ro
l
l
a
b
l
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
P
C
C
a
n
d
the
di
s
t
ri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
rk.
Th
e
prop
ose
d
o
f
D
V
R
i
nte
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
ba
tte
r
y
b
a
n
k
su
pp
l
i
e
d
by
ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
syste
m
a
t
t
h
e
D
C
l
i
n
k
w
a
s
intr
od
uce
d
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
e
n
ou
g
h
e
ner
g
y
t
o
o
ver
c
om
e
l
ong
and
d
e
e
p
c
o
m
pl
e
x
v
olt
a
ge
di
st
urba
nce.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
mulat
i
on,
t
he
D
V
R
i
s
rob
u
s
t
i
n
sol
v
in
g
the
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sa
gs
a
nd
sw
e
l
l
c
o
mi
ng
fro
m
the
P
C
C
a
n
d pr
ot
e
c
t
i
n
g
the
se
ns
i
t
i
v
e loa
d
s. The
D
V
R
over
c
ome
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
vo
l
t
age
d
i
s
t
ur
ba
nce
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
an
y
di
ffic
ul
t
i
e
s
d
urin
g
ba
lance
d
a
nd
u
n
b
ala
n
c
e
d
s
ta
te
c
o
n
si
der
i
ng
h
a
r
m
o
ni
c
a
n
d
fl
icke
r.
I
n
o
r
der
t
o
m
ain
t
a
i
n
the
loa
d
v
o
lta
ge
b
alanc
e
d
a
t
the
nom
ina
l
v
a
l
ue,
the
D
V
R
i
n
je
ct
t
he
a
ppr
opri
a
te
v
o
lta
ge
c
om
pone
n
t
t
o
i
m
pro
v
is
e
rapi
dl
y
a
ny
d
i
s
t
urba
n
c
e
i
n
t
he
s
u
p
p
l
y
volta
ge
.
The
D
V
R
i
nte
g
ra
t
i
n
g
w
ith
b
a
t
tery
b
a
n
k
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y
ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
a
c
o
m
p
eten
t
so
l
u
t
i
on
d
ue
t
o
i
t
s
c
o
m
p
act
s
i
ze,
r
e
l
a
t
ive
l
y
l
o
w
c
o
st,
an
d
q
u
ic
k-dy
nam
i
c
respo
n
se
f
or
c
o
m
pensa
t
i
o
n the
c
o
mple
x v
o
l
t
a
ge di
s
t
u
rba
n
c
e
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
Th
is
r
e
s
ear
ch
w
a
s
s
u
ppor
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
L
on
g-
Te
rm
R
esea
rch
G
r
an
t
(L
R
GS
)
,
M
in
ist
r
y
of
E
d
u
cati
on
Ma
lays
ia
f
or
t
he
p
ro
gram
t
i
t
l
e
d
"
D
e
car
bon
isa
t
io
n
o
f
G
rid
w
i
t
h
a
n
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
C
o
nt
r
o
ller
and
Energ
y
Ma
nage
me
n
t
f
or
E
ner
g
y
S
t
orage
S
y
stem
i
n
M
i
cr
ogr
i
d
A
pp
lica
t
i
ons"
w
i
t
h
pr
oj
e
c
t
c
o
d
e
600-
IRMI
/
L
RG
S
5/3
(00
1
/
2
019)
.
The
a
u
t
h
ors
w
o
u
l
d
als
o
l
ike
to
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
ge
T
he
I
nst
itu
te
o
f
Resea
r
ch
M
ana
g
em
ent
&
Inn
ova
t
i
o
n
(
I
R
MI),
U
nive
rsit
i
Te
kn
olo
g
i
M
A
R
A
(U
i
T
M),
S
h
ah
A
l
a
m,
S
elan
g
o
r,
M
ala
y
s
i
a
for
the
fa
cil
i
ties
pro
v
i
d
e
d
to
su
pp
ort
o
n
t
hi
s
rese
arc
h
.
REFE
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x
Power
Q
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i
s
t
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C
T
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t
e
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v
o
l
t
ag
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i
s
t
urb
a
nces
i
n
d
i
stri
bu
ti
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
si
ngle-ph
ase d
y
n
a
m
i
c v
o
l
t
age
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r
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e p
o
w
e
r com
p
en
sat
i
on t
echni
qu
es i
n
m
i
crog
rids,
"
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g
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a
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A
n
i
m
p
ro
ved
co
n
t
rol f
o
r simult
a
n
eo
us
sag
/swell
m
i
tig
atio
n an
d
re
act
iv
e po
wer s
u
p
port
i
n
a g
rid
-
conn
ected
wi
n
d
farm
w
i
t
h
DVR
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"
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ce
A
n
a
l
y
si
s o
f
Th
ree-P
h
ase S
o
l
a
r P
V
I
nteg
rated
U
P
Q
C
,
"
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s. In
d
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J. Ye, H.
B.
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i, B.
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i
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and Y.
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Elliptical rest
oratio
n
b
a
sed
si
ngl
e-ph
ase
d
y
n
a
mi
c v
o
lt
age resto
r
er
f
o
r s
o
u
r
ce po
wer f
acto
r
correct
ion,"
Electr
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P
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we
r
Syst.
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e
s
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B
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l
t
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n
t
a
w
y
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an
d
A.
A
. El-
Sattar,
"
An ener
g
y
o
ptimi
zed co
n
t
r
ol
s
chem
e f
o
r a t
r
an
sf
o
r
m
e
rless
DV
R,"
Elect
r
.
Power
Syst.
Res
.
,
v
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l
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,
p
p
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W.
C
hank
ham
r
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n
an
d
K
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mki
t
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T
h
e
eff
ect
o
f
s
e
ries
-con
n
ected
tran
s
f
o
rm
er i
n
DVR ap
p
l
i
cation
s
,"
En
e
r
g
y
Pr
ocedi
a
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effi
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c
e
m
e
n
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namic
vo
lt
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DVR
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,"
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
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J
P
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Elec
& Dr
i
S
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h
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M. J
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d
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n
e
w f
a
s
t
-con
ve
rged estimation a
p
proach
f
or Dyn
amic Vo
ltage
Rest
orer (DV
R) to
co
mp
ens
a
te vol
tage
s
ags i
n
wavef
orm
disto
r
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q
u
a
lity
c
on
di
ti
oner:
Th
e
in
t
eg
rati
on
o
f
s
eries-
a
n
d
s
hu
n
t
-acti
v
e fi
lt
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l
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A
n
im
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v
ed
c
o
n
t
rol
st
rateg
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o
f 3P
4W
D
VR
s
ystem
s
und
er
un
bal
a
nced
a
n
d
d
isto
rted
volt
a
ge
c
o
ndi
ti
on
s,
"
In
t. J.
El
ectr
.
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wer
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n
er
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y
st
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8,
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7
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e
l
s
aud
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im, an
d
A
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a
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"
R
eview
o
f
t
h
r
ee
-ph
a
se i
nv
ert
e
rs c
o
n
t
r
ol
f
or u
nb
alan
ce
d
l
o
ad
com
p
ensat
i
o
n
,"
In
t.
J.
Po
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o
n
.
D
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l
w
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c
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ad
harson
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nd
J.
Praveen
,
"Si
m
ula
t
ion of
art
if
ic
ial
in
telli
gent
contr
ol
le
r b
a
se
d
DVR
f
o
r
power
qua
lity improve
ment
,"
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Sci
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co
n
t
ro
l m
e
t
hod fo
r
UPQC
und
er un
b
al
anced
a
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s
t
orted
l
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ad
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lu
t, an
d
M
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"
A n
o
v
e
l ref
e
r
e
n
ce sign
al
g
en
erat
ion m
e
t
hod f
o
r powe
r-quality im
p
ro
vem
e
nt of
un
if
i
e
d
p
o
wer-q
ual
i
t
y
c
o
nditi
on
er,
"
IEEE
Tran
s
.
P
o
wer
De
li
v
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21
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01
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M. I
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l
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R
a
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l
-
A
h
mar,
an
d
F
.
M
. B
e
nd
ary, "Opti
mal
PI co
n
t
rol
l
er o
f DVR
t
o
e
n
ha
n
c
e
th
e
pe
rf
orma
n
c
e
of h
yb
r
i
d p
o
wer
system feed
in
g a re
m
o
te
area i
n
E
g
y
p
t
,"
Su
st
a
i
n
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S
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A
.
T
a
h
e
r
,
H
. T
.
F
ar
d,
a
nd
E.
B
.
Kas
h
an
i
,
"
New
sw
it
chi
ng
app
r
o
ach
f
or D
VR u
sing
on
e
cycle con
t
r
o
l
me
t
h
o
d
,
"
Ai
n
Shams
Eng.
J
., vo
l
. 9
, n
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4,
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2
7
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2
5
4
,
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[24]
O. P
enang
s
an
g an
d A
.
S
oep
r
ij
anto
, "Mat
l
ab / simul
ink
si
mulation
o
f
unifi
e
d
p
ower
qual
i
t
y
c
o
n
d
itioner-bat
tery
energ
y
s
to
rag
e
s
yst
e
m
su
ppli
e
d
by
P
V
-win
d
hyb
rid
usin
g f
u
zzy
l
o
g
i
c
co
nt
ro
ll
er,
"
v
o
l
.
9,
no.
3
,
p
p
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1479
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49
5,
20
19
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[25]
M.
P
ra
sa
d a
n
d A
.
K
.
Ake
l
la
,
"
V
o
ltage an
d
Cu
rren
t
Qu
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Procedi
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[26]
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