In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
1, Mar
ch 20
19,
p
p.
433~
4
4
3
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
1.pp
4
33-
44
3
433
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Performance analysis of
hybr
id photovo
ltaic/wind energy
system using KY b
o
ost converter
M
.
P
us
hp
a
v
a
lli
1
,
N
. M
Joth
i
S
war
oop
an
2
1
Depart
m
e
nt
o
f E
E
E
,
S
a
t
h
y
ab
ama
Instit
u
t
e o
f
S
cience an
d T
echn
o
l
o
gy
,
Ind
i
a
2
Depart
m
e
nt
o
f E
E
E
,
R
MK E
ng
in
eering
Colleg
e
,
I
nd
ia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Jul 3,
2018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
7
,
201
8
A
c
c
e
pte
d
D
ec 10,
2
0
1
8
No
wad
a
y
s
t
remend
ou
s
increas
e
in
r
en
ewabl
e
e
nerg
y
techn
o
l
o
g
i
es
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
in
a
bo
un
di
ng
natu
re
e
ne
rg
y
ex
tracted
f
rom
s
u
n
,
w
ind
etc.
T
his
P
ropo
sed
to
po
lo
gy
gat
h
ered
m
axi
m
um
p
ower
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
i
n
p
ut
k
y
boo
st
c
o
n
v
ert
e
rs
f
or
hy
bri
d
e
nerg
y.
T
his
hy
bri
d
t
opolo
g
y
op
era
t
es
m
ai
n
l
y
del
i
v
e
red
t
h
e
pow
er
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewabl
e
e
nerg
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
s
o
lar/
win
d
t
o
dc
b
us.
In
t
he
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
of
a
ny
on
e
so
urce,
w
in
d
o
r
s
o
l
ar
s
upp
li
es
p
ow
er
t
o
th
e
dc
b
us
.
With
ou
t
a
n
y
renew
a
ble
en
erg
y
s
ources
b
att
e
ry
d
el
iv
er
t
he
p
o
w
er
t
o
dc
bus.An
i
nvert
er
ty
pe
m
o
dul
e
con
v
ert
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
fro
m
dc
b
us
t
o
ac
g
r
id
.
In
t
hi
s
p
ap
er
ef
f
ecti
v
enes
s
o
f
h
y
b
rid
re
new
a
ble
en
erg
y
is
s
imu
l
a
t
ed
t
hrou
gh
MATLAB
/
SI
M
U
LINK.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Hy
brid
s
y
s
tem
KY
boo
st
c
onv
ert
e
r
MP
PT
tr
ack
in
g
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
M
.
Pu
s
h
p
a
v
a
lli,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
EEE,
S
a
t
hya
bam
a
I
nstit
u
t
e
of S
c
i
en
ce
and
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Che
n
na
i,
I
ndia.
Em
ail:
push
p
a
_
1
0
4
7
9
@
re
di
ffm
a
il.com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
m
a
nk
i
nd
fac
e
s
the
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
2
1
s
t
c
ent
u
ry
ar
e
c
onst
r
uc
tin
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
p
la
ne
t,
reduc
ing
the
c
a
r
bo
n
em
issio
n
s
a
n
d
reduc
in
g
t
h
e
cos
t
o
f
e
n
erg
y
.
Th
e
ma
i
n
s
ol
uti
o
n
s
f
or
t
h
e
a
bo
v
e
p
ro
bl
ems
are
inve
nt
i
on
o
f
n
e
w
e
nerg
y
s
u
p
p
l
ie
s
an
d
o
t
her
one
i
s
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ner
g
y.
I
t
c
a
n
red
u
c
e
t
he
c
os
t
of
g
ene
r
ati
on.
The
m
a
jor
re
n
e
w
a
ble
e
n
ergy
s
ourc
e
s
are
so
la
r
an
d
w
i
n
d
s
a
bu
n
d
a
n
t
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
le
i
n
na
ture
s
o
ta
p
p
i
n
g
thes
e
source
s
ar
e
fe
a
s
i
b
le
w
i
t
h
en
er
gy
s
t
orage
u
n
i
t
[
1]
-[3].
Th
e
i
n
n
o
vat
i
on
s
in
h
y
b
ri
d
p
o
w
e
r
pr
omise
to
e
nha
nc
e
efficie
n
c
i
es
a
c
r
oss
the
gl
o
b
e.
T
he
i
n
t
e
g
ra
tio
n
of
s
olar
a
n
d
w
in
d
are
confi
n
e
d
t
o
ne
w
i
n
nova
tio
n
w
i
th
b
atter
y
bac
k
u
p
s
ystem
[4].
T
here
a
r
e
t
hre
e
c
omm
on
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
i
nt
e
g
rate
t
h
e
ren
e
wa
bl
e
en
ergy
s
y
s
t
e
ms
a
re
d
c
bu
s
cou
p
l
i
ng,
ac
b
u
s
c
o
u
p
lin
g
a
n
d
hy
bri
d
c
o
u
p
lin
g
[5].
T
he
i
n
t
el
l
i
g
ent
c
o
n
t
ro
l
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
a
re
f
u
z
zy
l
og
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
ol
,
anfis
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
lg
ori
t
hm
a
nd
neura
l
n
etw
o
rk
a
re
t
raine
d
t
o
ex
tr
a
c
t
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
er
f
rom
h
ybr
id
syste
m
.
The
sys
t
em
s
ize,
c
on
tro
l
t
ech
n
i
q
u
es
a
nd
o
p
ti
m
u
m
powe
r
f
l
o
w
are
i
n
c
o
rp
o
r
at
ed
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
ent
appr
oa
ches.
C
onve
rter
a
nd
i
nver
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
ma
inl
y
p
la
y
ro
l
e
f
or
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
h
y
b
ri
d
ene
r
gy
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
an
e
ffi
c
i
ent
e
n
e
r
gy
d
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
[6
],
[
7
]
.
Thi
s
p
ap
er
m
ai
nly
f
o
cu
sed
,
a
ky
bo
os
t
c
onve
rter
t
op
o
l
og
y
for
h
y
b
ri
di
ng
the
rene
w
a
ble
e
n
e
r
gy
s
o
urce
s
usin
g
w
i
n
d
an
d
sun
ha
ve
b
ee
n
i
m
p
l
em
en
t
ed.
The
ma
in
p
r
oble
m
i
s
u
n
pr
e
d
ic
te
d
nat
u
re
i
f
a
ny
o
n
e
of
t
he
s
o
u
rc
e
is
a
va
i
l
a
b
l
e
o
the
r
a
l
t
erna
ti
ve
so
urce
can
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
un
inte
rru
pte
d
o
utp
u
t.
I
f
bo
th
the
s
ource
s
are
una
vai
l
a
b
le
t
he
s
tora
ge
u
n
i
t
has
t
o
m
eet
o
u
t
t
h
e
dem
a
nd.
T
he
c
hara
cteris
tic
s
of
k
y
b
oost
con
v
er
t
e
r
ha
ve
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
e
lim
ina
t
e
the
ha
r
m
onics,
i
n
cre
a
sed
s
t
a
b
ili
ty
,
c
o
nti
n
uo
us
i
ndu
c
t
o
r
c
u
rren
t
.
It
h
as
bee
n
pr
ove
d
t
h
a
t
ky c
o
n
v
erter
has
more e
ffic
i
e
n
t
o
p
era
tio
n t
h
an
boo
st
c
o
nve
rt
er [8
]
.
The
pro
p
o
sed
hy
bri
d
s
ys
tem
have
s
o
l
a
r
a
n
d
w
i
nd
as
r
e
n
e
w
able
p
ow
er
s
our
ces,
ky
bo
o
s
t
c
o
nver
t
er
,
bat
t
ery
a
n
d
gr
id.
To
b
ala
n
ce
t
he
pow
er
f
lo
w
am
ong
a
ll
t
h
ese
so
u
rc
es
p
ow
er
f
low
ma
nagem
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
impor
ta
nt
[
9].
S
u
rpl
u
s
p
o
w
e
r
from
t
h
e
rene
w
a
ble
e
n
ergy
use
d
t
o
ch
a
r
gin
g
t
h
e
b
a
t
t
e
ry
.
If
p
o
w
er
g
en
e
r
a
t
ed
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
43
3 –
44
3
43
4
mor
e
t
han
a
de
m
a
nd
b
i
d
i
r
ect
i
ona
l
co
n
v
e
r
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
s
t
o
rage
s
yste
m
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
ur
n
c
onne
c
t
ed
t
o
g
r
id.
If
p
o
w
e
r
d
eman
d
i
s
g
re
at
e
r
t
h
a
n
re
n
e
wa
bl
e
en
e
r
g
y
p
o
w
e
r
g
en
era
t
ed
,
t
h
e
n
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
a
bsor
b
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
[1
0
]
.
H
e
nc
e
the
p
o
w
e
r
ca
n
fl
ow
f
rom
ba
t
t
er
y
to
g
r
i
d
o
r
v
ice
versa
so
b
i
d
ire
c
tio
na
l
c
o
n
v
erter
s
a
re
u
sed.
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
in
t
e
rrup
t
ion,
p
ow
er
s
h
o
u
l
d
f
l
ow
t
o
grid.
The
gri
d
-c
o
n
n
ected
h
y
b
ri
d
s
o
l
a
r
–
w
i
nd-ba
t
t
ery-ba
sed
syst
e
m
a
s
show
n in F
igur
e 1.
F
i
gure
1.
H
ybrid
p
h
o
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
/
w
i
nd
ener
gy s
y
s
t
e
m
u
si
n
g
k
y
boos
t
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
2.
PV S
YS
T
E
M
The
e
q
u
i
va
l
e
n
t
c
irc
u
it di
a
g
ra
m
of
P
V
modu
le
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
n
g
of
a
n
i
d
ea
l
c
u
r
r
ent
so
ur
ce
wit
h
one d
io
d
e
i
n
para
l
l
e
l
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
ons
i
s
ti
n
g
of
t
w
o re
si
s
t
ors, series resist
or
R
s
a
nd par
a
lle
l re
si
s
t
or Rp as show
n in F
ig
ure
2.
A
si
m
p
le
p
h
o
t
ov
ol
ta
ic
m
ode
l
e
x
t
r
ac
ts
t
he
e
l
e
c
t
rica
l
ene
r
g
y
f
rom
s
olar
e
nerg
y
[1
1].
The
e
l
e
c
tric
p
ow
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
by P
V
system
is a re
s
ul
t a
P
V
ou
t
pu
t v
o
l
t
a
g
e (
V
)
and P
V
out
pu
t
cur
r
ent (
I) by (1)
and
(2).
F
i
gur
e 2.
Equ
i
v
ale
n
t c
i
rcu
it d
i
agra
m
of
p
v
m
o
d
e
l
F
i
gure
3.
irra
dia
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
I
= Ip- Io (e (v +
I
Rs/nV
T)-1)
+
V
/Rp
(
1)
V=
Vd
-
I
R
s
(
2
)
The
tem
p
era
t
u
r
e
and
irr
a
dia
n
ce
l
e
v
e
l
m
a
i
nl
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
bu
te
t
o
o
p
e
n
c
i
rcu
it
vo
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
oc)
and
sh
or
t
circui
t
current
(Isc)
by
(3)
an
d (
4
).
I
s
c = (Isc, n+α
I ΔT
)* I
nso
l
a
t
io
n/
St
an
d
a
rd
In
s
ol
a
tio
n
(3
)
V
o
c
=
(
V
o
c
, n+
α
V
ΔT) )* I
nsola
t
i
o
n
/
S
t
a
n
da
rd
Insola
t
i
o
n
(
4)
V
o
c
,
n
and
I
s
c
,
n
ar
e
ope
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
the
s
hor
t-c
i
rcui
t
curre
nt
o
f
P
V
m
odule
respec
t
i
ve
ly
un
der,
S
tandar
d
tem
pera
tur
e
=25 C an
d S
t
a
ndar
d
I
nso
l
a
t
i
o
n
= 1 K
W/m
2
.
Δ
T
i
s the
tem
p
er
ature cha
nge
.
αV
i
s
the te
mp
er
atur
e
coe
f
fic
i
en
t
of Voc
and
αI
i
s the te
mp
er
atur
e
co
ef
fi
ci
e
n
t
o
f
Isc
.
Ma
xim
u
m
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
pow
e
r
g
e
n
era
tio
n
var
i
es
f
rom
430
0
w
a
tts
a
t
irr
a
d
ia
nce
1
0
00
w
/
m
2
a
nd
3
7
5
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Perf
om
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is o
f
hy
br
i
d
ph
o
t
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
/w
in
d ene
r
gy
system
usi
ng
ky
boos c
o
nv
er
ter (
M
.
Pushpav
all
i
)
43
5
w
a
tts
a
t
irr
a
d
i
a
n
ce
8
5
0
w
/
m2
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
s
3
a
n
d
4
.
By
c
on
ne
c
tin
g
t
h
e
para
lle
l
a
n
d
se
ries
c
om
bi
na
tion
o
f
PV
p
anel,
t
h
e
I-
V
and
P-V
char
acte
r
ist
i
c
s
s
h
o
we
d
i
n
F
ig
ures
5
a
n
d
6
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
r
r
a
y
s
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
ma
ximum
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
=
270
v
o
l
t
(5
4
*
5
).
The
P
V
p
a
n
el
m
a
i
nta
i
ns
the
co
ns
ta
nt
D
C
vo
l
t
age
(2
70
v
o
lt)
show
n in F
igur
e 7.
P
V m
odu
l
e
spe
cifica
t
i
o
n
s
as
sh
ow
n in
T
ab
le
1
.
F
i
gure
4.
P
V
panel
pow
er
F
igure
5.
I
-V
c
ha
rac
t
eris
tic
s
o
f
P
V
ar
ray
F
i
gure
6.
P
-
V
c
hara
cteris
t
i
c
s
of
P
V
a
rr
ay
F
igure
7.
P
V
panel
ou
tp
u
t
v
ol
tage-
2
7
0
v
olt
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
P
V
modu
le
spec
i
fic
a
tio
ns
Sp
es
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
s
V
a
l
u
e
O
p
e
n
cir
c
u
i
t
V
ol
t
a
g
e
64.
2
V
Short cir
c
u
i
t
c
u
rr
e
n
t
5.
96
A
V
o
lt
ag
e a
t
m
ax
i
m
u
m
pow
e
r
p
o
i
nt
54 V
C
u
rr
e
n
t
a
t
m
ax
i
m
u
m
pow
e
r
p
o
i
nt
5
.
96
A
C
e
ll
s
pe
r
m
o
d
u
le
9
6
Pa
r
a
ll
el S
tr
ing
s
& S
e
r
i
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
ct
e
d
m
odul
es
p
e
r
s
tr
ing
3
&
5
3.
SYS
T
E
M
A
RCHITECTUR
E
O
F PV
S
YSTEM/W
IND
S
Y
STEM WITH
MULT
I
I
N
PUT
K
Y
B
O
OST CONVERTE
R
The
m
a
i
n
p
art
of
t
he
p
rop
o
se
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
th
e
m
u
lti-
in
p
u
t
k
y
boos
t
dc
–dc
c
on
ver
t
e
r
t
ha
t
b
e
l
inke
d
tw
o
rene
w
a
ble
ene
r
gy
s
o
urc
e
s
.
D
C
–D
C
ky
b
o
o
s
t
c
on
ve
rter
c
on
nec
t
ed
b
e
t
w
e
en
e
ner
gy
s
o
urce
s
an
d
the
dc
bus.
Mu
lt
i
in
pu
t
ky
bo
os
t
c
o
nve
rte
r
s
ystem
a
r
chi
t
ecture
o
f
a
s
ol
ar
a
rra
y
syste
m
/w
i
n
d
sy
st
e
m
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
8.
The
ma
ximum
pow
e
r
p
o
i
nt
(
MP
P
)
t
ra
ckin
g
of
b
o
t
h
th
e
re
new
a
ble
e
n
erg
y
s
our
ces,
a
ccom
p
l
i
s
h
e
d
w
it
h
two
c
o
nt
roll
a
b
l
e
s
wi
t
c
h
e
s.
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
ra
tio
n
of
a
s
yn
c
h
ro
nou
sl
y
rec
t
i
fi
e
d
b
oo
st
c
o
n
v
e
rt
er,
a
ky
c
onv
ert
e
r
a
n
d
cou
p
l
ed
i
n
duc
tor,
m
od
ifie
d
ky
b
oos
t
c
onve
rter
i
s
pr
esente
d
he
re
.
The
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
i
m
p
ro
ves
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge ga
i
n
[1
2].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
43
3 –
44
3
43
6
F
i
gur
e 8.
Circu
it d
i
a
g
ra
m
of ky
bo
ost
co
nver
t
e
r
The
corr
espo
n
d
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
ag
e
g
a
in c
an
b
e e
xpr
essed
as:
(
5
)
Whe
r
e
KN
s
/
N
p
(
6
)
In
t
h
i
s
pa
per
the
de
s
i
g
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
are
The
i
n
d
u
c
t
an
ce
a
nd
ca
pa
c
i
ta
nc
e
ar
e
chose
n
a
s
Li
n
=
Lo
=1m
H
,
C1=C
2
=
2
0
0
u
F
and
A
Co
=3
3
0
0
uF
.
V
i
n
=2
70
V
,
V
o=64
0V
,
th
e
vo
lt
ag
e
c
onv
ersi
o
n
rat
i
o
i
s
s
et
a
t
K
=
30
0/
2
0
=
15,
freque
nc
y
1
0
0
kH
z.
F
i
gur
e 9 show
s
t
h
e
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g p
u
l
s
e
a
ppl
ie
d to M
1
a
n
d
M
2
,
v
o
lta
ge
a
cross
sw
it
c
h
es a
n
d
t
he ou
t
pu
t v
o
l
t
a
g
e
of k
y
b
oost c
o
n
v
erte
r.
MP
P
T
a
lgor
it
hm
i
s
de
ve
l
o
p
e
d
here
i
s
P
&
O
a
l
g
o
ri
thm
.
D
ue
t
o
h
y
b
ri
d
ene
r
g
y
o
f
w
i
nd
a
n
d
so
lar
inc
o
rp
ora
t
e
s
t
h
e
d
ut
y
c
y
c
l
e
va
riat
io
n
a
l
so
.
S
ud
de
n
c
h
a
nge
i
n
w
in
d
a
n
d
s
o
la
r
ou
tpu
t
p
ow
er
t
he
d
c
bus
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
is
p
re
se
t,
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
c
h
an
ge
i
n
ou
t
put
c
urr
e
nt
o
f
th
e
k
y
b
oos
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
fe
d
t
o
t
he
d
c
bus.
A
c
u
rre
nt
s
ens
o
r
senses
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
t
hrou
g
h
a
nd
c
om
par
e
s
it
w
i
t
h
t
he
p
re
vio
u
s
va
lue.
T
he
d
u
t
y
ra
t
i
o
of
k
y
b
oost
co
nve
r
t
er
h
e
n
ce
i
n
cre
a
se
o
r
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e.
S
en
s
i
n
g
w
in
d
sp
e
e
d
an
d
so
l
a
r
i
n
sol
a
tio
n
by
a
d
j
usti
ng
t
he
d
u
t
y
rat
i
o
o
f
the
k
y
bo
ost
c
o
nver
t
er
a
nd
c
on
t
i
n
uous
l
y
m
o
n
i
t
o
rin
g
t
he
p
ar
am
eters.
T
he
F
i
gur
es
9
,
10
a
nd
1
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
o
rre
s
p
ond
i
n
g
o
u
t
p
ut
w
a
v
ef
orms
o
f
k
y
co
nv
e
r
t
e
rs.
In
a
l
l
d
a
y
s
hi
ft
t
he
m
a
x
i
m
um
pow
e
r
o
f
P
V
m
odule
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
e
x
t
rac
t
e
d
u
si
n
g
M
a
x
im
um
P
ow
e
r
P
oint
T
rac
k
in
g
(M
MP
T)
t
e
c
hn
i
que.
To
g
a
i
n
a
m
a
xim
u
m
po
w
e
r
from
bo
th
t
he r
enew
a
b
le e
ner
gy
the
per
t
ur
b an
d
ob
se
rve
m
e
tho
d
i
s imp
le
me
nte
d
.
F
i
gure
9.
S
w
itchi
n
g
pu
l
se
f
or
m
1
&m
2
F
i
gure
1
0
.
V
o
l
t
age
a
c
ross
m1
&
m
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Perf
om
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is o
f
hy
br
i
d
ph
o
t
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
/w
in
d ene
r
gy
system
usi
ng
ky
boos c
o
nv
er
ter (
M
.
Pushpav
all
i
)
43
7
To
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
ma
x
i
mu
m
po
we
r
op
e
r
at
i
ng
vol
ta
g
e
o
r
cu
rre
nt
o
f
p
a
n
e
l
i
s
modified.
If
th
e
vo
lt
ag
e
to
a
ce
l
l
i
nc
rea
s
es
t
he
power
o
f
a
c
e
ll,
d
e
c
re
ases.
Whe
n
t
he
p
o
w
er
o
ut
put
b
e
g
i
n
s
t
o
d
e
c
re
a
s
e
th
e
co
rre
s
po
ndi
ng
opera
tin
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
be
gi
ns
t
o
d
ecr
ease
.
O
nce
th
i
s
s
it
ua
ti
o
n
e
xi
st
s,
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
i
s
decr
ease
d
t
o
se
t
bac
k
t
o
t
h
e
ma
ximum
pow
er
v
a
l
ue
.
Th
is
p
roce
dure
per
s
i
s
ts
u
nti
l
t
he
m
a
x
imum
po
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
i
s
r
ea
ch
ed
.
Th
u
s
,
th
e
po
wer
val
u
e
fluc
t
u
ate
s
a
roun
d a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
pow
er
v
alue
u
nti
l
i
t set
tle
s.
T
he
F
i
g
ure
1
2
sh
ow
s
the
fl
ow
char
t
of
p
er
t
u
rba
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
me
thod.
T
his
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
m
a
i
nly
foc
u
se
d
on
o
p
e
ra
t
i
ng
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
c
orresp
on
d
i
n
g
d
e
v
i
a
ti
on
o
f
pow
er
i
s
noted.
If
difference
in
power
i
s
pos
it
ive
the
fu
ture
p
e
r
turba
t
i
on
s
hou
l
d
b
e
fol
l
ow
t
he
s
am
e
to
o
b
t
a
i
n
M
P
P
.
I
f
de
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
ow
er
i
s
nega
t
i
v
e
the pe
rt
urba
t
i
o
n
sh
o
u
ld
b
e reve
rsed a
nd t
o
m
ove reve
r
se i
n
d
i
re
c
t
i
on t
o
o
bt
a
i
n
MP
P
.
This pr
oced
ur
e c
o
nti
n
u
e
s
un
til i
t
a
ch
ie
ve
s
t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
er.
F
i
gur
e 1
1
.
O
u
tpu
t
v
ol
t
a
ge.
F
i
gure
1
2
.
F
l
ow
c
h
a
r
t of t
he
P
&O
m
eth
od -
MP
P
T
al
go
ri
th
m
4.
WIND ENERGY
A
w
i
nd
sy
stem
c
o
m
prises
o
f
a
w
i
nd
t
u
rbi
n
e,
m
ass
drive
n
t
rainer,
P
e
r
manent
M
ag
net
S
ynchronou
s
G
e
ne
ra
t
o
r
(P
M
S
G),
and
A
C
-D
C
dio
d
e
rectifi
e
r.
W
ind
t
u
r
b
ine
extra
c
t
s
the
w
i
n
d
’s
k
ineti
c
e
nergy
fed
to
P
M
S
G
again
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
int
o
e
lectrical
ou
tp
ut
.
I
n
t
hi
s
w
i
nd
sy
ste
m
u
si
ng
P
erma
n
e
nt
M
agnet
S
y
n
c
hron
ous
G
enerato
r
(P
MSG) operates w
ith hi
gher effi
c
i
enc
y
a
nd ac
curacy
[
13
].
Th
e
m
e
chanica
l
outpu
t pow
er (P) of the
w
i
nd turbi
n
e
can
be repr
es
en
t
e
d
a
s
P
=
1/2ρ
A
V
3
(
7)
w
h
ere
A is th
e
sw
e
pt a
re
a
of
t
he
t
urbine, ρ is
t
he
densi
ty of a
ir
.
C
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
o
r
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
p
e
e
d
a
r
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
o
d
e
s
o
f
W
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
oper
a
t
i
on.
C
onst
a
n
t
s
p
e
ed
t
urbine,
w
h
ere
the
r
o
tor
revol
ve
s
at
c
on
stant
an
gular
s
pee
d
a
pa
rt
f
rom
t
he
w
i
nd
devi
a
t
io
ns.
F
o
r
t
h
e
constant
s
p
eed
it
avoi
ds e
x
p
e
n
sive pow
e
r
e
le
ctroni
c
s
i
nver
t
e
r
a
nd c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r a
rran
ge
m
e
nt
.
F
i
gure
1
3
.
Con
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
bine
t
o P
M
S
G
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
43
3 –
44
3
43
8
Maximum
pow
er
a
t
base
w
i
nd
veloci
ty
=
0
.8
p
.u.,
base
r
otational
s
peed
=
1
p.u.
(150
0
rpm),
ρ
=
1.
2
05
kg/
m
3
,
gear
r
a
t
io
=
1
:1
,
Cp
(
m
a
x
)
=
0.48
for
β
=
0
◦
a
n
d
λ
=
8
.
1
,
and
u
s
in
g
these
val
u
es,
w
i
n
d
t
urbine
h
as
b
een
obt
ained
u
s
in
g
th
e
Wi
nd
t
u
rbi
n
e
m
o
de
l
t
ool
i
n
simuli
nk.
I
n
this
p
aper
s
i
m
ul
a
t
ion
is
d
esi
gne
d
t
o
w
ork
in
v
a
r
iable
sp
e
e
d
a
s
w
ell
a
s
c
o
n
stant
spee
d
bu
t
still
th
e
o
ut
pu
t
v
o
lt
age
re
m
a
ins
sa
m
e
.
F
i
gu
r
e
13
show
s
w
i
nd
t
u
r
b
i
ne
c
oup
le
d
to
a
P
e
r
ma
n
e
n
t
m
agnet
syn
c
hron
ous
g
enera
t
or.
The
vol
tage,
curre
nt
w
a
v
e
f
orms
a
re
s
imulated
a
s
show
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
4
.
W
in
d sys
t
em
spec
i
fi
c
a
t
ions
a
s sh
ow
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
a
b
l
e
2.
W
i
n
d
sys
t
em
spe
cific
a
ti
o
n
s
Sp
e
s
ifi
c
a
tion
s
V
a
l
u
e
R
o
t
o
r
i
n
e
r
t
i
a
J=
0.
01197
kg-m
2
S
t
at
o
r
P
h
a
s
e
r
es
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
R
s
=0
.
425
Ω
Ar
m
a
tur
e
I
ndu
ct
a
n
ce
0
.
000
395H
R
o
t
a
tion
a
l sp
ee
d
of
th
e
wind
tur
b
in
e
ωr
=
140
r
a
d
/s
e
c
Mec
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
o
utpu
t pow
e
r
f
o
r
Wind
P
m
=
8
.5 KW
L
i
n
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
392.
68V
T
h
e
me
ch
anic
al
t
o
r
que T
m p
r
odu
ced by
the win
d
turb
in
e can
b
e
re
p
r
esen
ted
as
T
m
=
P
/
ω
r
(
8
)
The correspondi
ng m
e
chanical t
orque
(
Tm) a
nd elec
t
r
ical t
orque
(Te
)
is 70N
/m. The to
r
que w
ave
f
o
r
ms
rep
r
e
s
e
n
ted
in
F
igure
13.
T
o
est
a
b
lish
t
h
e
su
cce
s
sful
operat
i
on
o
f
the
proposed
ky
boost
converter
a
nd
M
P
P
T
algo
r
i
thm,
s
i
m
ulati
o
n
has
bee
n
c
arried
out
f
o
r
t
he
g
iv
e
n
w
ind
s
p
e
ed
a
n
d
t
he
s
t
e
a
d
y
-
state
perform
a
nc
e
i
s
g
iven
i
n
F
i
gure
15. It
can
b
e
exper
i
ential
f
r
om t
racking MPP adj
u
sts
t
h
e
dut
y r
a
t
i
o o
f
t
he KY boost c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r.
The
w
i
n
d
f
lo
w
is
c
hange
i
n
nature
.
The
r
efo
r
e,
a
w
i
nd
energy
sys
t
e
m
i
s
c
omprised
w
ith
t
he
g
rid
by
means
of
a
n
a
c
t
o
d
c
c
o
nver
s
ion
then
d
c
t
o
d
c
con
v
ersi
on
t
o
k
ee
p
aw
ay
f
rom
vol
tage
s
p
a
rkl
e
a
nd
harm
o
n
ic
generation
.
If
t
h
e
w
i
nd
speed
changes
the
d
c
bus
c
a
p
a
c
ito
r
vol
t
age
is
k
ept
as
c
o
n
stant
a
s
p
ossi
ble,
a
chieve
a
decoupl
i
ng
bet
w
een
t
he
ky
boost
conv
e
r
ter
and
th
e
grid
s
i
d
e
inv
erter.
T
h
i
s
i
nverter
g
en
era
t
ing
a
P
u
lse
w
i
dt
h
modulat
io
n
vo
ltage
w
hose
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
ha
s
the
same
a
s
g
r
i
d
f
requen
cy,
a
nd
a
l
so
b
ei
ng
able
t
o
sup
p
l
y
t
he
r
eal
pow
er to the
g
r
id [14].
A
C
p
ow
er
g
e
n
erated
f
ro
m
P
M
S
G
i
s
converted
i
nt
o
D
C
t
hrough
thr
ee
pha
se
b
ridge
r
ectifi
e
r.
T
he
t
h
r
ee
phase
r
ec
t
i
fier
h
as
l
ess
total
h
a
rmonic
disto
r
ti
on
and
improvem
ent
of
poor
f
a
c
to
r.
T
he
out
p
u
t
of
t
his
di
ode
rectifier
conne
cted
t
o
2
7
0-vo
lt
k
y
bo
ost
co
nverter
s
o
that
t
hi
s
c
an
b
e
in
tegrated
w
i
t
h
solar
po
w
e
r
ge
n
e
rati
on
sh
ow
n in F
i
gure
16
.
F
i
gure
1
4
.
Torque
w
ave
f
orm
s
a
nd
r
ot
or
s
pe
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Perf
om
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is o
f
hy
br
i
d
ph
o
t
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
/w
in
d ene
r
gy
system
usi
ng
ky
boos c
o
nv
er
ter (
M
.
Pushpav
all
i
)
43
9
F
i
gure
1
5
.
O
u
tput
w
avef
orm
s
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
yste
m
F
i
gur
e 1
6
.
Rec
t
i
f
ie
d
D
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
f
rom
w
i
nd s
y
s
t
em
5.
BA
T
T
ER
Y
ST
O
R
A
G
E
S
Y
S
T
E
M
The
b
a
t
t
ery
ex
am
p
l
e
d
e
monst
r
a
t
e
a
300
V,
6
.5
A
h
N
i
ckel
+
hy
dride
b
a
t
tery
c
on
ne
ct
e
d
t
o
a
dc
bus
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
F
igur
e
17.
W
he
n
the
S
t
a
t
e
-
O
f
-Ch
a
rge
(S
O
C
)
o
f
t
he
b
a
t
te
ry
g
o
e
s
under
0.6
(6
0
%
)
,
re
cha
r
ge
t
he
batt
e
r
y.
W
he
n
th
e
SO
C
goes over
60
%,
c
ha
rg
e
the
battery. To
pr
event
batt
ery
e
x
c
e
ss cha
r
ging,
b
e
y
on
d
d
e
pth
of
di
schar
g
ing,
r
e
v
erse
c
urrent
f
low
and
to
guard
t
he
l
i
f
e
o
f
t
he
batt
e
r
i
e
s
cha
r
ge
c
ont
r
o
ller
is
e
ssenti
a
l
[15
]
-[17].
The
char
g
e
c
ontrol
l
er
i
s
int
e
n
d
ed
a
ccording
t
o
re
gu
late
on
t
h
e
battery
voltage
l
e
v
e
l
,
320
V
a
nd
w
i
t
h
a
c
urre
n
t
level
of
6
.5
A
h
.
T
he
ope
ra
t
i
on
of
c
harge
c
o
ntroll
e
r
i
s
i
f
t
h
e
b
att
e
ry
vol
tage
r
e
a
c
h
e
s
m
o
r
e
than
3
2
0
V
,
bat
t
ery
di
sconnected
f
rom
the
chargi
ng
and
if
t
he
volt
a
g
e
d
rops
l
esser
than
320
V
then
it
ha
s
to
b
e
c
onnec
t
e
d
t
o
rene
w
a
bl
e
ene
r
gy.
I
f
vo
ltage
o
f
batt
e
r
y
in
b
etw
een
2
70
and
320
V
t
h
e
n
o
n
l
y
c
onne
ct
ion
betw
ee
n
so
urces
and
batt
e
r
y exist.
B
y usin
g
hy
stere
s
is relay
this
l
ogic is i
mple
m
e
n
te
d
.
The
cha
r
ge
c
ont
r
o
ller
uni
t
rece
i
v
es
t
he
s
oc
,
batt
er
y
c
u
rren
t
a
n
d
dc
link
vol
tage.
D
e
pen
d
i
ng
on
t
hi
s
para
m
e
te
r
it
g
e
n
er
ates
t
hree
pwm
p
u
lses
[
18
]-[20].
Tw
o
pulses
w
ill
f
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
control
l
er
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
of
t
h
e
b
a
t
tery
and
anothe
r
pu
lse
is
f
ed
t
o
th
e
sw
it
c
h
c
onn
e
c
ted
i
n
t
he
d
c
l
i
n
k
p
ath.
F
i
gure
1
8
i
mplem
e
nts
the
l
o
g
i
c
of
c
harge
cont
r
o
ller a
l
gorith
m
.
F
igu
r
e
19 and
F
i
g
u
re 20 re
p
r
esent
s
the
s
o
c ,battery
cu
r
rent and vol
tage
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
43
3 –
44
3
44
0
F
i
gur
e 1
7
.
S
i
mula
t
i
on
m
o
de
l of
b
a
t
t
e
ry
s
t
o
ra
ge sys
tem
F
i
gure
1
8
.
S
i
mul
a
tio
n m
ode
l
of c
harge
co
n
t
rol
l
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Perf
om
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is o
f
hy
br
i
d
ph
o
t
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
/w
in
d ene
r
gy
system
usi
ng
ky
boos c
o
nv
er
ter (
M
.
Pushpav
all
i
)
44
1
F
i
gure
1
9
.
Ba
t
t
e
r
y pa
ram
e
ter
w
a
veform
s
F
i
gure
2
0
.
Con
s
ta
nt dc
b
us v
o
lta
ge
w
ave
f
orm
s
Close
d
l
oo
p
al
w
a
ys
n
ec
e
s
sa
ry
f
or
d
i
s
turbance
i
n
D
C
c
onverters
[
21
-
2
2].A
pp
r
o
priate
c
ont
r
o
ller
i
s
necessa
ry
f
or
c
on
stant
o
u
t
p
ut
[
23-24].D
ue
t
o
variati
on
in
i
n
p
u
t
t
he
e
ntire
system
i
mplem
e
nted
i
n
closed
l
oo
p
w
i
th suit
a
ble
c
ont
roller.
6.
G
R
ID
S
YS
TEM
Th
is
s
e
c
ti
on
i
nt
rodu
c
e
s
g
r
i
d
t
opolo
g
y
a
nd
t
h
e
m
a
in
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
ers
o
f
the
in
ve
st
ig
a
t
e
d
hybrid
s
ystem.
T
he
hyb
r
i
d
combina
t
ion
m
i
nimize
s
th
e
harm
oni
c
content
of
t
he
v
ol
tag
e
to
s
ome
extent
.
The
converter
c
ontrol
minimizes
t
he
g
rid
harmoni
c
s
a
nd
sends
t
he
r
ea
l
p
o
w
e
r
in
t
o
t
h
e
g
ri
d.
C
o
n
troll
i
ng
t
he
g
rid
t
o
o
pe
rate
i
n
hi
gh
pow
er
f
actor
m
ode
h
enc
e
,
t
h
e
rea
c
t
i
ve
pow
er
i
s
re
d
u
c
e
d.
T
he
t
ra
nsi
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
on
i
n
a
ny
so
lar
o
r
w
ind
energy
betw
een
4
t
o
5
second
it
i
n
c
o
r
p
ora
t
e
s
t
he
v
ariati
on
and
settled
t
o
f
u
r
t
her.
U
ni
versal
b
ridg
e
i
n
verter
c
on
ve
rt
s
dc
vol
tage
6
4
0
v
o
l
t
show
n
in
F
ig
ure
23
i
n
t
o
three
phase
a
c
vo
ltage
.
In
F
igu
r
e
25,
t
h
e
F
F
T
a
nal
y
sis
of
t
he
v
oltage
i
s
gi
ven.
I
t
is
o
b
s
erved
th
a
t
t
he
T
H
D
o
f
t
he
t
hree
phase
vol
tage
i
s
4.
0
5
%,
w
h
i
ch
c
onfirms
t
he
s
tre
n
gth
o
f
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
S
i
mula
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
hybr
id
s
yst
e
m
as
s
how
n
in
F
igure
2
1
.
In
F
ig
ure
2
2
,
w
a
vefo
r
m
s
of
g
ri
d
cur
r
ent
a
nd dc
b
us cur
rent.
P
o
w
e
rfa
c
tor of gri
d sys
t
e
m
is show
n
i
n
F
igure
2
4
.
F
i
gure
2
1
. S
imula
t
io
n m
ode
l of h
y
b
rid s
y
ste
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
43
3 –
44
3
44
2
F
i
gur
e 2
2
.
Wa
vefor
m
s
of gri
d
curre
nt an
d
dc
bus
c
urr
e
nt
F
i
gure
23.
vol
t
a
ge
a
nd
curre
n
t
w
ave
f
orm
s
of gr
i
d
syste
m
F
i
gur
e 2
4
.
P
o
w
e
rfactor
o
f gr
i
d
s
yste
m
F
i
gure
2
5
.
F
f
t
ana
l
ys
is o
f
gri
d
vo
l
tage
7.
CONCL
U
S
ION
This
p
ape
r
p
roposed
a
novel
im
pl
emented
multi
i
n
pu
t
ky
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
h
ybrid
s
ys
tem
connected
to
t
he
g
rid.
T
he
p
rop
o
sed
c
o
n
v
erte
r
i
s
s
uppl
i
e
d
by
a
P
V
a
rray
a
nd
a
w
i
nd
ene
r
gy
.
In
t
he
p
resent
m
eth
o
d
s
,
the
cont
r
o
l
param
e
ters
a
re
d
ependent
u
p
o
n
the
w
i
nd,
s
un
,
storage
an
d
grid
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
a
n
d
must
b
e
retained
w
i
t
h
the
dyn
a
m
ic
c
on
di
ti
ons.
D
C
b
us
vol
tage
s
u
s
ed
t
o
mana
g
e
t
he
i
npu
t
fo
r
t
h
e
va
rious
w
orki
ng
mode
c
on
trol
d
uring
variou
s
w
o
rking
con
d
it
i
ons.
S
i
m
u
l
a
tion
resul
t
s
for
differe
nt
e
n
e
r
gy
so
urce
s
h
a
ve
s
ho
w
n
t
he
a
na
l
y
si
s
of
t
he
propo
sed
n
ovel st
ructure
of
h
y
b
rid syst
em w
it
h desi
red quali
ty.
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u
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