Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
7, N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
16
,
pp
. 15
2
~
15
8
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
1
52
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Novel
Active Cu
rrent T
r
ansducers f
o
r Di
es
el P
o
wer Stati
o
ns
Deni
s B
.
S
o
l
o
v
e
v,
Al
en
a E
.
Merku
s
he
va
Far Eastern Fed
e
ral Univ
ersity
(FEFU), E
ngin
eer
ing School, Department of
Innovatics,
Ru
ssia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 14, 2015
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 27
, 20
15
Accepte
d
Ja
n 13, 2016
Autonomous di
esel power plants f
ound the activ
e application at th
e
organization
of
autonomous power suppl
y
of
the mining
en
terprises. In
arti
cle th
e prob
lem
of increas
e
of effici
enc
y
of us
e of control units
is
considered b
y
the active pow
er
of s
y
nchronous
generators of diesel power
plants. As a solution the n
e
w in
novativ
e
offer in the form of the developed
device of the measuring conver
t
er of activ
e curr
ent which is one
of the main
components of game-trolno-measuring e
quipment of diesel po
wer plants is
offered
.
The developed sc
hem
e
is sim
p
ler, in com
p
arison with the sim
ilar
converters of active curr
ent
executed on
th
e basis of current tr
an
sformers. In
the d
e
velop
e
d s
c
heme of
the measuring
conver
t
er
it
is offer
e
d
to use th
e
differen
tiating induction
converters of
curr
en
t as primar
y
measuring
converters. It allows re
ducing man
y
times numb
e
r of the elemen
ts entering
the
sta
nda
rd sc
he
me
,
a
nd
a
l
so ma
ss-dime
nsional characterist
ics of
the dev
i
ce.
Keyword:
Active c
u
rrent
trans
duce
r
Cu
rren
t tran
sform
e
rs
Aut
o
n
o
m
ous p
o
we
r
s
u
ppl
y
M
i
ni
ng
com
p
ani
e
s
Diesel
power s
t
ation
Differen
tiatin
g in
du
ctiv
e
current t
r
ans
ducers
Ro
go
wsk
i
co
il
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Deni
s
B
.
S
o
l
o
v
e
v,
En
gi
neeri
n
g
sc
ho
ol
,
de
part
m
e
nt
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
at
i
c
s,
Far Ea
stern Fe
deral
Un
iv
ersity (FEFU),
City o
f
Vlad
ivo
s
tok
,
Ru
ssk
y
Island
, R
u
ssian Fed
e
ration
.
Em
a
il: so
lo
v
e
v.db
@dv
f
u
.
ru
1.
INTRODUCTION
Presen
tly it is typ
i
cal o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
co
m
p
an
ies
o
p
e
rating
in rem
o
te areas to
feed
th
ei
r m
a
in
lo
ads fro
m
cen
tralized
power su
pp
lies lo
cated
at large d
i
stan
ces. Sp
ecific g
e
o
l
ogical co
n
d
ition
s
at
min
i
n
g
sites and
cont
i
n
u
o
u
s
m
ovem
e
nt
of t
h
e
wo
rki
n
g f
r
ont
t
o
wa
rds
rem
o
te areas
resu
lt in
co
nsid
er
ab
le gr
ow
th of
ex
pen
s
es
for bu
ild
ing
and
serv
icing
o
f
p
o
wer tran
sm
i
ssio
n
lin
es.
For exam
ple the erection c
o
st
of
on
e k
ilo
m
e
te
r
o
f
6
kV
ove
rhea
d l
i
n
es m
a
y
be as
hi
g
h
as $5
0,
0
0
0
…
1
5
0
,
0
00 (
p
r
i
ces o
f
201
4)
. Th
u
s
th
e sh
are of costs ass
o
ciated
with powe
r supply provision for th
e m
a
jority of
mining
com
p
anies
m
a
y reach 40% to 60% of the whole
expe
nses
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
o
n
st
art
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
ef
ore
m
a
ny
m
i
ni
ng
com
p
ani
e
s ha
v
e
ch
ose
n
ful
l
y
aut
o
n
o
m
ous
po
we
r
supply system
s base
d
on
die
s
el powe
r
statio
n
s
(DPS). This so
lu
tion
is th
e m
o
st effici
ent in te
rm
s of som
e
param
e
t
e
rs [1,
2]
. DPS ca
n be
used as t
h
e p
r
i
m
ary
powe
r
su
ppl
y
o
r
as bac
k
u
p
su
p
p
l
y
for
t
h
e fi
rst
and s
econ
d
category loa
d
s.
2.
MATE
RIAL
AN
D METH
ODS
As is stressed
b
y
m
a
n
y
au
th
ors [1
-6
], au
t
ono
m
o
u
s
po
wer
su
pp
ly facilities o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
com
p
an
ies i
s
always a cust
om
ized solution ada
p
te
d f
o
r
si
t
e
-s
peci
fi
c
feat
u
r
es of m
i
ni
ng
a
nd p
r
oces
si
n
g
o
f
m
i
neral
resources. Operatio
n
o
f
DPS
in
stalled
in
h
a
rsh
clim
a
tic
co
nd
itio
n
s
of rem
o
te n
o
r
thern
areas of
Ru
ssian
Fede
rat
i
o
n
,
C
a
nada
or t
h
e
U
S
A re
q
u
i
r
es s
p
eci
fi
c app
r
oac
h
b
o
t
h
t
o
desi
gn a
nd t
o
sel
ect
i
on o
f
p
r
i
n
ci
pal
an
d
au
x
iliary eq
u
i
pmen
t sin
ce
p
o
wer g
e
n
e
ration exp
e
nses
h
a
v
e
con
s
id
erab
le i
m
p
act o
n
th
e to
tal produ
ctio
n co
st.
An
alysis of availab
l
e literatu
re [7
] and
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
i
n
form
at
io
n
ob
tained
during
d
i
scu
ssion
s at
in
tern
ation
a
l co
nferen
ces,
wo
rk
sh
op
s
an
d
"ro
u
n
d
t
a
bl
es"
su
g
g
est
t
h
at
s
t
anda
rds
a
n
d
r
e
gul
at
i
o
ns c
o
n
cerni
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 7,
No
.
1,
Mar
c
h
2
016
: 1
5
2
–
15
8
15
3
d
e
sign
works, in
stallatio
n
and
op
eratio
n
of DPS un
d
e
r
co
n
d
ition
s
o
f
m
i
n
i
ng
ind
u
stry are rath
er
o
b
so
l
e
te an
d
speci
al
i
s
t
s
desi
gni
ng
e
qui
pm
ent
f
o
r
m
i
ni
ng
com
p
ani
e
s u
s
u
a
l
l
y
do
n
o
t
st
u
d
y
s
u
ch
d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
at
i
on.
Th
eref
or
e
m
i
ni
ng c
o
m
p
ani
e
s, as
a
rul
e
,
pu
rc
hase
DPS
of
re
gul
a
r
desi
gn
wi
t
h
st
an
da
rd
set
of m
easuri
n
g
i
n
st
r
u
m
e
nt
at
i
o
n
[6]. T
o
m
i
nimize specific fuel cons
um
pt
i
on
s
u
ch
DP
S h
a
ve devi
ces f
o
r
act
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
(
i
.e.
act
i
v
e po
wer o
f
sy
nch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
nerat
o
r
)
s
h
ari
n
g
.
Ty
pi
cal
f
u
n
c
t
i
onal
di
a
g
ra
m
of suc
h
devi
ce i
s
sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
gu
re
1.
1
23
4
S
e
ttin
g
Pr
i
m
a
r
y
se
n
s
o
r
s
e
t
Ac
t
ct
i
v
e u
r
r
e
nt
r
a
nsducer
. . .
. .
.
CT
1
CTn
A
c
t
i
v
e l
o
ad
s
h
ar
i
n
g
devi
ce
1 – secondar
y
circuit der
i
ving and am
plif
y
i
ng signal pr
opor
tional to active power
;
2 – co
m
p
ar
ison circuit (
r
e
fer
e
nce signal is fo
rm
ed by
d
e
vice deter
m
ining su
m
of active
power
s of all sy
nchr
on
ous gener
a
tor
s
)
;
3 – signal am
plifier
;
4 – auto
m
a
tic contr
o
ller
of sy
nchr
onous gener
a
tor
speed
Fi
gu
re
1.
Ty
pi
cal
fu
nct
i
o
nal
di
ag
ram
of sy
n
c
hr
o
n
o
u
s
ge
ner
a
t
o
r act
i
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
Th
e m
o
st w
i
desp
r
e
ad
d
e
sign o
f
activ
e
pow
er
con
t
ro
ller h
a
s an
ex
tern
al set of primary cu
rren
t
sens
ors i
n
c
o
r
p
orat
e
d
by
t
h
e act
i
v
e curre
nt
t
r
ans
duce
r
(e
ncircled
with
do
tted
lin
e in
Fig
u
re 1
)
realized
as a
st
andal
one
uni
t
.
Si
nce t
h
e aut
o
m
a
ti
c speed cont
rol
l
e
r o
f
sy
nch
r
on
o
u
s ge
n
e
rat
o
r i
s
act
uat
e
d by
el
ect
ri
c m
o
t
o
r,
active power c
ont
rollers re
present puls
e-type regulators
. The accuracy and
res
p
onse time of suc
h
controllers
depe
n
d
co
nsi
d
erabl
y
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
si
gn
of
the act
ive curre
n
t transd
ucer. T
h
e
r
efore im
provem
e
n
t of t
h
e transducers
resu
lts i
n
b
e
tter
o
p
e
ratio
n of t
h
e
who
l
e system
.
Practical expe
rience in use
of conve
ntional
active
po
wer
cont
rol
l
e
rs
has
sho
w
n a n
u
m
b
er
of t
h
ei
r
sho
r
t
c
om
i
ngs
[3]
.
T
h
e fi
rst
one i
s
t
h
e
use
of cu
rre
nt
t
r
a
n
sf
orm
e
rs as pri
m
ary
curre
nt
t
r
ans
d
ucers
.
Such
t
r
ans
duce
r
s
ha
ve l
a
rge
di
m
e
nsi
ons a
nd
wei
g
ht
ri
si
n
g
wi
t
h
t
h
e val
u
e o
f
cu
r
r
ent
t
o
be m
easure
d
an
d t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
a
tin
g. Fo
r in
st
an
ce t
h
e
w
e
ight o
f
10
kV
cu
rr
en
t tran
sfo
r
mer
(
C
T)
ex
ceeds 10
kg
w
h
ile
o
f
220
k
V
– 10
0
kg
alth
o
ugh
th
e cap
acity o
f
its
secon
d
a
ry wi
nd
ing
is as
sm
a
ll as 4
0
VA.
Besid
e
s m
o
st activ
e po
wer co
n
t
ro
l
ci
rcui
t
s
em
pl
oy
a
m
a
t
c
hi
ng
resi
st
or
co
n
n
e
c
t
e
d t
o
t
h
e CT second
ar
y
w
i
nd
ing
u
s
ed
to
conv
ert cu
rren
t to
vol
t
a
ge
. T
h
e s
econ
d
dra
w
bac
k
of t
h
e co
n
v
e
n
t
i
onal
st
ruct
u
r
e i
s
t
h
e
use
o
f
i
s
ol
at
i
o
n t
r
a
n
sfo
r
m
e
rs and
use
of
matching trans
f
orm
e
r for t
h
e
current
transform
e
r. The
ne
ed fo
r th
e t
h
ree ab
ov
em
en
tio
n
e
d
tran
sform
e
rs resu
lts
i
n
i
n
crea
se i
n
t
h
e di
m
e
nsi
ons
and
wei
g
ht
of
t
h
e w
hol
e
de
vi
ce. The t
h
i
r
d s
h
o
r
t
c
om
i
ng i
s
t
h
e use
of
a v
o
l
t
a
ge
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
r of no
nst
a
n
d
ar
d d
e
si
gn
havi
ng t
w
o t
o
r
o
i
d
co
re
s and t
w
o seco
nda
ry
wi
n
d
i
n
g
s
enci
rcl
i
n
g b
o
t
h t
h
e
cores
.
Suc
h
de
sign com
p
licates
m
a
nufact
u
r
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e t
r
a
n
sf
orm
e
r an
d m
a
kes i
t
m
o
re ex
pe
nsi
v
e
.
3.
THEORY
/CALC
U
L
A
T
ION
Research aim
e
d at im
provement of
pe
rform
a
nce i
ndicators
of the
de
vice
for m
easurem
e
n
t of t
h
ree
-
pha
se active c
u
rrent
of t
h
ree
-
phase
voltage
source
has
be
en done in Fa
r Eastern Fe
d
e
ral Un
iv
ersity (FEFU).
Th
e tech
n
i
cal
resu
lt to
b
e
ob
tain
ed
i
n
th
e co
urse
o
f
th
e
research was th
e
fo
llo
wing
:
- reduction of
m
a
terials consum
ption by replacem
ent of the tw
o bulky and expe
nsive curre
nt
trans
f
orm
e
rs (use
d as
prim
ar
y cu
rr
en
t
tr
ansd
u
c
er
s)
w
ith
t
w
o Rogo
w
s
k
i
co
ils.
A cu
rrent sen
s
o
r
of t
h
is
typ
e
h
a
s
no m
a
gnetic core and re
pre
s
ents a toroi
d
coil encircling
t
h
e conductor with curre
nt to be
m
easured. The coil
is installed on t
h
e
HV
circuit
brea
ker bus
h
ing in the
pl
ace a
d
jace
nt to the e
n
try connecting inse
rt. T
h
e m
a
ss of
the wi
ndi
ng wi
re for a c
o
il does not exceed
200
g
while
the m
a
ss of a c
u
rre
nt tra
n
sform
e
r rate
d
for the
same
vol
t
a
ge
i
s
a
b
o
u
t
20
0
k
g
.
-
si
m
p
lif
icatio
n
o
f
d
e
sign
and
con
s
ecu
tiv
e r
e
du
ction
o
f
lab
o
r
hou
r
s
n
eed
ed
f
o
r
pr
oductio
n
of
th
e
devi
ce.
In t
h
e
de
vi
ce d
e
vel
o
ped i
n
F
E
FU f
o
r m
easurem
ent
of three-phase
volta
ge
source active current two
Ro
go
ws
k
i
co
ils
a
r
e
u
s
ed
as
p
r
ima
r
y
a.c. trans
duce
r
s. These coils a
r
e
i
n
du
ctiv
ely co
up
led
with th
e
sam
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Novel Active Curre
nt Tr
ansduce
rs for
Diesel
Power
Stations
(Denis B
.
Sol
ovev)
15
4
conductor connected t
o
th
e
seco
nd
term
in
al o
f
th
e three-ph
ase
v
o
ltage so
urce thro
ugh
wh
ich
fl
o
w
s the lo
ad
current. T
h
e device also contains a single-pha
se volta
ge trans
f
orm
e
r that allows repl
acing hea
v
y current
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
rs
wi
t
h
l
i
ght
wei
g
ht
R
o
g
o
w
s
ki
coi
l
s
. The m
u
t
u
al
i
nduct
a
nc
e e.m
.
f. i
n
d
u
c
e
d i
n
t
h
e coi
l
by
t
h
e
si
nus
oi
dal
c
u
r
r
e
nt
t
o
be m
easure
d
l
eads
t
h
i
s
cur
r
ent
by
π
/
2
.
C
onse
q
uent
l
y
t
h
e vect
or
of t
h
e e.m
.
f. i
n
duc
ed by
activ
e co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
cu
rren
t i
n
th
e cond
u
c
t
o
r con
n
ecting
the syn
c
h
r
on
ou
s
g
e
n
e
rator to
the lo
ad
is co
llinear to
th
e v
ect
o
r
of li
n
e
-t
o
-
lin
e
vo
ltag
e
o
f
th
is sou
r
ce b
e
tween
t
h
e
first and
th
e seco
nd
term
in
als t
h
ereo
f.
There
f
ore t
h
e
devi
ce de
vel
o
ped
pr
ovi
des m
easurem
ent
of active current of
thre
e-phase voltage
so
urce wit
h
balan
ced
lo
ad
.
Th
e ou
tpu
t
sig
n
a
l of th
e
d
e
v
i
ce is p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l to
th
e activ
e cu
rren
t
o
f
th
e
syn
c
hr
ono
us gen
e
r
a
t
o
r
.
Th
e
p
r
op
osed
so
lu
tion
is illustrated
b
y
th
e
d
r
awing
s
. Fu
nctio
n
a
l d
i
ag
ram
o
f
a sing
le-p
h
a
se
d
e
v
i
ce
for m
easuring
active current
is shown
i
n
Fi
gu
re 2
.
The o
p
erat
i
n
g p
r
i
n
ci
pl
e of t
h
e
dev
i
ce i
s
expl
ai
ned by
pha
so
r
di
ag
ra
m
s
show
n i
n
Fi
gu
re
3.
If st
eady
-
st
at
e vol
t
a
ge a
n
d l
o
ad c
u
r
r
e
n
t
w
a
vef
o
rm
s of s
y
nch
r
o
n
ous
ge
nerat
o
r a
r
e si
n
u
soi
d
al
t
h
e
v
ectors fo
rm
two
b
a
lan
c
ed
syste
m
s:
lin
e-to-lin
e vo
ltag
e
s
and l
o
ad curre
nts. T
h
e e.
m
.
f.
vect
o
r
s i
f
R
o
go
ws
ki
coi
l
s
ha
ve t
h
e s
a
m
e
m
a
gni
t
ude
s b
u
t
op
p
o
si
t
e
di
rect
i
o
ns as
s
h
o
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3a a
n
d Fi
gu
re
3b:
1 – sy
nchr
onous g
e
ner
a
tor
;
2 – voltage tr
ansform
e
r
;
3 –
pr
im
ar
y
winding of voltage tr
ansf
or
m
e
r
;
4,
5 – secondar
y
windings of
differ
e
ntiating in
d
u
ctive cur
r
e
nt transducer
s; 6,
7 – diff
er
en
tiating inductive cur
r
e
nt transducer
s; 8,
9 – single-
p
h
ase br
idge
rectifie
rs; 10,
11 – adjustable r
e
sistor
s; 12,
13 – out
put term
inals of
ac
tive current
m
easu
r
e
m
ent device
Fi
gu
re
2.
F
unct
i
onal
di
ag
ram
of
si
n
g
l
e
-
phase
de
vi
ce f
o
r
m
e
asurem
ent
o
f
a
c
t
i
v
e cu
rre
nt
a) b)
a) at inpu
t of
rectifier 8
;
b
)
at in
pu
t
o
f
rectifi
e
r
9
Fi
gu
re
3.
P
h
as
or
di
a
g
ram
s
of
cur
r
ent
s
an
d
v
o
l
t
a
ges
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 7,
No
.
1,
Mar
c
h
2
016
: 1
5
2
–
15
8
15
5
6
exp(
)
B
m
E
jx
I
j
,
7
e
xp(
)
B
m
E
jx
I
j
,
m
x
M
(
1
)
whe
r
e
j
is im
a
g
in
ary un
it,
φ
– an
gl
e
by
w
h
i
c
h t
h
e
ge
nerat
o
r
p
h
ase
volta
ge leads t
h
e load curre
nt,
m
x
- m
u
tual
reactance;
ω
–
an
gul
a
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
ncy
o
f
t
h
e
ge
nerat
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
ge
;
М
– m
u
tual inductance
between th
e co
il
o
f
th
e
d
i
fferen
tiatin
g
cu
rren
t
t
r
an
s
ducers a
n
d the c
o
nductor.
The m
odul
i
of
vect
o
r
s o
f
i
n
pu
t
vol
t
a
ges ca
n be de
ri
ve
d i
n
a
ccor
d
a
n
ce wi
t
h
Fi
gu
re 3a a
n
d
Fi
gu
re
3
b
u
s
ing
t
h
e co
sine ru
le:
2
2
8
2c
o
s
(
)
u
A
C
u
A
C
mB
mB
Uk
U
k
U
x
I
x
I
(
2
)
2
2
9
cos
2
B
m
B
m
AC
u
AC
u
I
x
I
x
U
k
U
k
U
(
3
)
whe
r
e
k
u
is
th
e tran
sform
a
t
i
o
n
ratio
o
f
t
h
e vo
ltag
e
tran
sfo
r
m
e
r.
In
th
e co
urse of d
e
sign
th
e fo
l
l
o
w
ing
cond
itio
n
sh
ou
ld
b
e
met:
e.
m
.
f. o
f
th
e co
ils in
no
rmal o
p
e
rating
m
odes of the
s
y
nchronous
ge
nerat
o
r
m
u
st not exceed 10%
of the
voltage
s across
the s
e
conda
r
y wi
ndi
ngs
of
v
o
ltag
e
tran
sform
e
r Ro
go
wski co
ils.
In
this
case we
can ne
glect the a
d
dend
(
х
m
I
B
)
2
in e
x
pressi
ons
(2) a
n
d (3).
Al
so, i
n
ex
pa
n
s
i
on
of t
h
e
res
u
l
t
i
ng e
x
p
r
essi
ons i
n
t
o
M
aclauri
n series all term
s except the first two
one
s can
be ne
gl
ect
ed. I
n
t
h
i
s
case t
h
e
i
nput
v
o
l
t
a
ges
of t
h
e b
r
i
d
ge
rect
i
f
i
e
rs can
be ap
pr
o
x
i
m
ated wi
t
h
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y
preci
se e
x
pres
s
i
ons:
8
co
s
uA
C
m
B
Uk
U
x
I
,
cos
9
B
m
AC
u
I
x
U
k
U
(
4
)
Th
e m
ean
v
o
ltag
e
s acro
ss th
e o
u
t
pu
t termin
als o
f
th
e rectifiers can
b
e
ob
tain
ed
b
y
m
u
lti
p
l
yin
g
inp
u
t
vol
t
a
ge
s U
8
and U
9
b
y
th
e rectificatio
n
facto
r
equ
a
l to
0
,
9
for sing
le-ph
a
se bridg
e
rectifiers. Th
e vo
ltag
e
b
e
tween
th
e
outp
u
t
term
in
als o
f
t
h
ese rectifi
e
rs equ
a
l to
t
h
e d
i
fferen
ce b
e
tween
th
e
ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
s th
ereof is
pr
o
p
o
r
t
i
onal
t
h
e act
i
v
e c
o
m
ponent
o
f
t
h
e
sy
n
c
hr
o
n
o
u
s
ge
ner
a
t
o
r l
o
ad
cu
rre
nt
(
I
a
=
I
B
co
s
φ
):
,m
a
x
out
a
UA
I
,
1,
8
m
A
x
(
5
)
The
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
ce de
ri
ve
d
fr
om
i
t
s
out
put
t
e
rm
i
n
al
s conn
ect
ed t
o
t
h
e sl
i
d
ers
o
f
t
h
e
ad
ju
stab
le resisto
r
s is lo
wer th
an
U
out,m
ax
and de
pen
d
s
on t
h
e p
o
si
t
i
on
of
t
h
e sai
d
sl
i
d
ers
.
Ad
j
u
st
m
e
nt
of t
h
e
resi
st
or
s al
l
o
w
s
com
p
ensat
i
on of i
n
fl
ue
nce of fact
ors n
o
t consi
d
ere
d
in the above fo
rm
ulas, suc
h
as non-ideal
p
r
op
erties
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
transform
e
r an
d d
i
fferen
tiatin
g
ind
u
c
tiv
e curren
t
tran
sdu
cers as well as
v
o
ltage d
r
op
o
n
th
e rectifier d
i
od
es.
Th
e
slid
ers are set so
th
at th
e
fo
llowi
n
g
cond
itio
n
s
are m
e
t:
-
zer
o v
o
l
t
a
ge on
t
h
e de
vi
ce o
u
t
p
ut
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
active c
o
m
ponent of l
o
ad current is zero;
- set v
a
lu
e
of
th
e ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
wh
en
th
e
activ
e co
m
p
o
n
en
t of lo
ad
curren
t
is equ
a
l to
its rated
val
u
e.
Th
us t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
of
t
h
e
pr
op
ose
d
d
e
vi
ce at
bal
a
n
ced l
o
a
d
i
s
vi
r
t
ual
l
y
pr
op
ort
i
onal
o
n
l
y
t
o
act
i
v
e cu
rre
nt
of
t
h
e sy
nch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ge
nerat
o
r
.
The o
p
e
r
at
i
on
of t
h
e
de
vi
ce wi
t
h
t
w
o R
o
g
o
ws
ki
co
ils for m
easurem
ent of active c
u
rrent of t
h
ree
-
pha
se
vol
t
a
ge
sou
r
ce
was
si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d usi
n
g
M
i
cro
-
C
a
p
v
.
10
sc
hem
a
ti
c sim
u
l
a
t
i
on s
o
f
t
ware.
Thi
s
s
o
ft
ware
pr
o
v
i
d
es
si
m
u
lat
i
on
of
anal
og
an
d
di
gi
t
a
l
ci
r
c
ui
t
s
an
d
f
eatures sim
p
le and
user-frien
d
l
y in
terface.
At the sam
e
ti
m
e
i
t
s cap
ab
i
lities are co
m
p
arab
le
with
p
r
ofession
al
sch
e
matic d
e
sig
n
t
o
o
l
s
su
ch
as ORCAD and
PC
AD [8
-
10]
. B
a
si
n
g
on
t
h
e pr
o
p
o
s
ed
schem
a
t
i
c
of the de
vi
ce (Fi
g
ure
2) a si
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d si
m
u
l
a
ti
on di
a
g
ram
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
re 4 was d
e
vel
o
ped
.
Ro
go
wsk
i
co
ils can b
e
simu
lated
i
n
Micro-Cap
softwa
re as linear t
r
ans
f
orm
e
rs [8]. So, the
R
o
g
o
w
s
ki
coi
l
s i
n
t
h
e di
agra
m
(Fi
gure
4) a
r
e rep
r
ese
n
t
e
d
by
el
em
ent
s
K1 an
d K2
. Tra
n
sf
orm
e
rs K1
and
K2
o
p
e
rate un
d
e
r
co
nd
itio
ns close to
o
p
e
n-circu
it
m
o
d
e
; th
erefo
r
e th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
vo
ltag
e
o
f
th
e tran
sformers will
lead the i
n
put
one
by
90 electrical degrees
.
Due
to
prese
n
c
e
of
ai
r
gap t
h
e
core
o
f
t
h
e R
o
go
ws
ki
coi
l
do
es n
o
t
satu
rate and
i
t
s m
a
g
n
e
tizati
o
n ch
aracteristic
B
=
f(H)
rem
a
in
s lin
ear. Fo
r sim
u
lati
o
n
in Micro-Cap
a
tran
sform
e
r
mu
st b
e
set
with th
ree
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
: pr
im
ar
y w
i
n
d
i
ng
indu
ctan
ce
L1
,
pri
m
ary
wi
ndi
ng i
n
d
u
ct
ance
L2
, and c
o
upli
n
g coe
fficie
n
t
K
vary
i
n
g
bet
w
een
0
an
d
1 a
n
d
cal
cul
a
t
e
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng
f
o
rm
ul
a:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Novel Active Curre
nt Tr
ansduce
rs for
Diesel
Power
Stations
(Denis B
.
Sol
ovev)
15
6
12
M
K
LL
(
6
)
whe
r
e
М
is m
u
tu
al in
du
ctan
ce b
e
tween
t
h
e R
o
gowsk
i
co
il an
d th
e con
d
u
c
t
o
r (in H).
Resistors R
5
a
n
d R6
represe
n
t the
resistances of
th
e R
ogo
w
s
k
i
co
il seco
nd
ar
y w
i
nd
ing
s
. Resist
o
r
s
R7 a
n
d R8 re
prese
n
t t
h
e re
sistances
whil
e induct
or
s
L
1
a
n
d L
2
– t
h
e
reactances
of transform
e
r TV1
seco
nda
ry
wi
n
d
i
n
gs.
R
e
si
st
or
s R
1
a
n
d R
3
re
prese
n
t th
e lo
ad
o
f
th
e activ
e
cu
rren
t t
r
an
sducer.
As i
s
recom
m
e
nde
d
by
M
i
c
r
o
-
C
a
p
d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
at
i
on,
resi
st
ors
R
2
a
n
d R
4
a
r
e i
n
t
r
o
duc
ed
bet
w
ee
n
pri
m
ary
and
se
con
d
a
r
y
wi
ndi
ngs
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs K
1
a
n
d
K2
t
o
a
v
oi
d c
o
nve
r
g
ence
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
duri
n
g t
r
ansi
e
n
t
an
alysis of
circu
its con
t
ain
i
ng
indu
ctiv
ely-
co
up
led
elem
en
ts. The
shown
resistance
value, 1/
GMIN, is
equa
l
to
10
12
O
h
m
(G
MIN
is the min
i
m
u
m
co
nductan
ce th
at is
by d
e
f
a
u
lt equ
a
l
to
1
p
S
)
[10
]
.
Fi
gu
re
4.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on di
a
g
ram
of
de
vi
ce f
o
r m
easurem
ent
o
f
act
i
v
e cu
rre
nt
During
tran
sien
t an
alysis
with
Mi
cro-Ca
p t
h
e stea
dy state m
ode wa
s
selected. Sim
u
lation of si
ngle
-
pha
se active
c
u
rrent t
r
ansduc
er at
balance
d
load
of
th
e sy
n
c
hro
nou
s
g
e
ner
a
to
r yield
e
d
tr
an
sien
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
5.
а
) c)
b)
d)
a,
c – insta
n
taneou
s value (
s
oli
d
line)
and m
e
an value (
dotted lin
e)
of
volt
a
ge on
out
put
of
tr
ansducer
at balanc
ed r
e
sistive a
nd
in
ductive
load (
I
= 50
А
)
;
b,
d – gr
aphs o
f
instantaneous v
o
lta
ges on r
e
sistor
s R1 (
s
olid line) and R3 (dotted line)
at balanced resistive and
inductive load (
I
= 50
А
)
Fi
gu
re
5.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on o
f
act
i
v
e
cu
rre
nt
t
r
a
n
sd
ucer
wi
t
h
R
o
g
o
ws
ki
c
o
i
l
s
i
n
M
i
cro-C
a
p
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 7,
No
.
1,
Mar
c
h
2
016
: 1
5
2
–
15
8
15
7
As it can
be s
een from
the graphs, t
h
e m
e
a
n
voltage
on
th
e ou
tpu
t
o
f
the activ
e cu
rrent tran
sdu
c
er
(bet
ween n
o
d
e
s
6 and
13 i
n
Fi
gu
re 5
)
i
s
pr
op
o
r
t
i
onal
t
o
t
h
e act
i
v
e l
o
ad
of t
h
e sy
nc
hr
o
n
o
u
s ge
ne
rat
o
r
(dot
t
e
d
lin
e in
Fi
g
u
re
5, a) wh
ile in
case of
reactiv
e l
o
ad it go
es t
o
zero (d
o
tted lin
e in
Fi
g
u
re
5
,
c)
In the m
odel s
h
own in Figure 4 there is a c
e
rtain
voltage
dr
op acr
oss ele
m
ents R5, R6,
R7, R8, L1,
an
d
L2
no
t consid
ered
in
th
e th
eo
ry. The
r
efore the m
ean value of
Uo
ut
in
Fig
u
re 5, a is b
e
lo
w th
e calcu
l
a
ted
val
u
e
(de
r
i
v
e
d
usi
n
g f
o
rm
ula 5)
. Th
e v
o
l
t
age d
r
o
p
,
Δ
U
out
,
de
pends
on t
h
e loa
d
of the active c
u
rrent
trans
duce
r
.
If the loa
d
resistances
of t
h
e tra
n
sduce
r
(r
esist
o
rs R1
and
R3 in
Figur
e
4) i
n
crease
the c
u
rrent
i
n
the active current tra
n
sduce
r
circuit dec
r
e
a
ses, so
d
ecr
eases th
e vo
ltag
e
dr
op
Δ
Uout
across the i
n
ternal
im
pedances
o
f
wi
n
d
i
n
gs
of
t
h
e R
o
go
ws
ki
co
i
l
s
and
v
o
l
t
a
ge
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
r.
4.
DIS
C
USSI
ON
The si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on m
odel
de
vel
ope
d c
o
nsi
d
e
r
s t
h
e i
n
fl
ue
nc
e of
t
h
e i
m
pedance
s
of
wi
n
d
i
n
gs
of
t
h
e
R
o
g
o
w
s
ki
c
o
i
l
s
an
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge t
r
ans
f
orm
e
r. Th
e si
m
u
l
a
ti
on
resu
lts confirm
t
h
e th
eoretical state
m
en
ts regard
i
ng
ope
rat
i
o
n o
f
t
h
e act
i
v
e curre
n
t
t
r
ansd
ucer
pr
op
ose
d
i
n
t
h
e
begi
nni
ng
of t
h
e art
i
c
l
e
. The
i
n
fl
ue
nce o
f
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
r
op
s in
th
e wi
n
d
i
n
g
s o
f
Rogo
wsk
i
co
il and v
o
ltag
e
tran
sfo
r
m
e
r as well
as th
at o
f
th
e Ro
go
wsk
i
co
il an
gu
lar
err
o
r
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
out
put
vol
t
a
g
e
of t
h
e act
i
v
e
cur
r
ent
t
r
a
n
s
d
ucer ca
n
be re
duce
d
by
m
a
ki
ng t
h
e
rat
i
o
o
f
t
h
e
tran
sd
u
c
er l
o
ad
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce t
o
th
e to
tal im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e of t
h
e
cir
c
u
it (
c
o
n
sider
i
ng
im
p
e
d
a
nces of
Rogo
wsk
i
co
ils’
wi
n
d
i
n
gs,
v
o
l
t
a
ge t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r wi
n
d
i
n
gs, a
n
d t
r
a
n
s
duce
r
l
o
ad)
cl
ose t
o
uni
t
y
.
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
NS
U
s
e of
th
e
p
r
op
o
s
ed
activ
e cu
rr
en
t tr
an
sd
u
c
er
fo
r
D
PS
pow
er
i
n
g
au
tonom
o
u
s
n
e
two
r
ks o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
co
m
p
an
ies wil
l
allo
w im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
po
wer qu
ality an
d
redu
ction
o
f
t
h
e m
a
ss an
d
overall d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
DPS m
easurement equi
pm
e
n
t.
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I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Novel Active Curre
nt Tr
ansduce
rs for
Diesel
Power
Stations
(Denis B
.
Sol
ovev)
15
8
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Denis B. Solov
e
v is a gr
aduate
of Far E
a
ster
n State
Te
chnic
a
l Universi
t
y
(
D
iplom
a
with
honours), Vladiv
ostok, Russia. In
2011 he receiv
e
d
a PhD in
electric
engineering
.
From 2011 to
2015 he took internship in
the lead
ing Russian
and internatio
nal univ
e
rsities and research
laboratories: M
A
TI - Russian
State Technolog
ic
al University
named after K.E. Tsiolkovsk
y
,
Moscow; Universit
y
of Maastr
i
c
ht, Ma
astrich
t
(Netherlands);
Laborator
y
o
f
the Ministr
y
of
Energ
y
of the U
n
ited S
t
a
t
es
of Am
erica, S
e
a
ttl
e and Richland
,
Washington.
H
e
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
t
h
e
head of the
ed
ucational progr
am “Innovatica” (c
luster of
energ
y
and electronics) at th
e
Engineering Sch
ool of
the Far
Eastern
F
e
der
a
l
Univers
i
t
y
,
Vl
adivo
s
tok, Rus
s
i
a.
Alena E. Merku
s
heva student of chair “
I
nnovati
ca” (c
luster of energ
y
and el
ec
tronics) at th
e
Engineering Sch
ool of
the Far
Eastern Fe
der
a
l
Univers
i
t
y
,
Vl
adivo
s
tok, Rus
s
i
a.
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