In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2173~
21
81
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2173-2181
2173
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
C
L
L/S detune
d c
o
mpe
n
sation net
work for electric
vehicles
wirel
ess cha
r
gi
ng application
A
h
mad
Fuad A
bdu
l
A
z
iz
, M
o
hd Fa
k
h
iz
an
R
omlie,
Tun
Z
a
i
n
al A
zn
i Z
u
lk
ifl
i
D
e
part
men
t
o
f Electri
cal an
d
Elect
roni
cs E
ngin
eering
,
U
n
i
versit
i
Te
kn
olog
i
P
E
TR
ONAS
,
Ma
la
ys
ia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Feb
2
7
,
2
019
Re
vise
d A
p
r
28,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
J
un
1
3
,
2
019
An
e
l
ectric
veh
i
cl
e
(EV
)
can
b
e
charg
e
d
wirel
e
ssl
y
th
rou
gh
an
i
nd
uc
t
i
ve
ly
cou
p
l
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
er
s
ys
tem
where
th
e
sy
st
em
r
eso
n
at
es
t
h
e
i
n
du
c
t
iv
e
c
o
up
lin
g
c
oi
l
a
t
t
h
e
o
pe
ra
ting
fr
e
q
u
e
nc
y
by
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
a
c
omp
e
nsa
tion
net
w
o
r
k.
H
ow
ev
er,
th
e
reso
nant
b
ehavi
o
u
r
i
mp
li
e
s
overcu
rrent
i
n
t
he
i
nv
ert
e
r
MOS
F
E
T
s
du
r
i
n
g
u
n
c
ou
ple
d
a
nd
h
ig
h
loa
d
r
e
s
isto
r
c
o
nd
it
io
n
s
,
w
h
i
ch
a
ffect
to
t
h
e
i
n
v
erter
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
f
a
il
ure
wh
enev
er
t
he
c
u
rrent
e
x
c
eeds
th
ei
r
m
a
xim
u
m
curre
nt
r
ating.
T
heref
o
re
,
th
i
s
p
aper
p
resent
s
a
CLL/S
detu
ned
com
p
ensat
i
o
n
n
et
work
f
o
r
E
V
wi
reless
c
h
a
rgi
n
g
ap
pli
cati
on
to
l
i
mit
the
in
vert
er
c
u
rrent
d
uri
ng
t
h
e
u
n
cou
p
l
e
d
st
ate
an
d
op
en
c
ircu
it
l
o
ad
c
ondit
ion
s
.
Th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
om
p
e
ns
atio
n
con
s
ists
o
f
a
s
e
ries
capaci
to
r
a
n
d
p
a
ra
l
l
el
in
du
ctor
a
t
th
e
pri
m
ary
sid
e
a
n
d
s
eries
capa
c
i
t
o
r
a
t
th
e
s
econd
ary
sid
e
.
By
us
in
g
Ki
rc
h
hoff
V
o
ltag
e
L
aw
(
KVL
)
an
alysis,
the
p
r
im
ary
si
de
i
s
d
etu
n
ed
t
o
in
du
cti
v
e
beh
a
vio
u
r
t
o
e
ns
ure
zero
v
o
lt
age
s
w
it
chi
ng
(Z
V
S
),
a
n
d
t
h
e
seco
nd
ary
si
de
r
em
ain
s
a
t
n
a
tural
reso
nant
t
u
n
in
g.
F
rom
the
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
anal
ys
is,
t
h
e
sl
ight
i
ncrease
o
f
t
h
e
p
arall
e
l
in
du
cto
r
v
alue
a
t
t
he
p
ri
mary
s
ide
c
a
n
l
im
i
t
o
f
th
e
inv
e
rte
r
c
urre
nt
a
t
u
n
c
o
up
le
d
a
n
d
high
l
oa
d
re
sis
t
or
con
d
i
t
i
ons
.
T
h
e
prop
os
ed
s
ystem
al
so
o
ff
ers
hi
gher
ef
fici
ency
t
h
a
n
t
h
e series
-
seri
es
d
etu
n
ed
c
om
pen
s
atio
n
an
d
s
l
i
ghtly
l
o
w
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
sided
LCC
com
p
ensat
i
o
n
n
etw
o
rk
a
t diff
erent
cou
p
lin
g
f
act
or.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Com
p
ensa
t
i
o
n
c
i
r
cu
it
ICPT
Ind
u
ct
or
d
et
un
ed
Ma
ximum
c
u
rre
nt
r
at
in
g
Zer
o
v
o
l
t
a
ge s
w
itc
hi
n
g
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Mo
hd
F
a
kh
i
z
a
n
R
om
l
i
e
,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Eng
in
e
e
ring
,
Un
iv
ersit
i
T
ekn
o
lo
gi
P
ETRO
NAS,
Seri
I
sk
and
a
r,
P
e
r
ak
, M
al
aysi
a.
Em
ail:
fak
h
i
za
n.rom
l
i
e
@
u
tp.
e
du.
my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Wi
rel
e
ss
c
h
argi
ng
i
s
a
n
u
pg
rad
e
d
t
ech
nol
ogy
t
o
c
h
a
r
g
e
e
l
ect
ri
c
ve
h
i
c
l
es
(
EV
)
i
n
stea
d
o
f
t
he
p
lu
g-i
n
me
tho
d
s
inc
e
i
t
pr
omote
s
c
o
nve
n
i
enc
e
to
t
he
E
V
dri
v
ers
[1].
T
he
w
i
r
el
es
s
ch
a
r
g
e
r
pa
d
wi
ll
c
h
a
rg
e
EV
aut
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
w
hen
t
h
e
ve
h
i
c
l
e
parks
ov
e
r
t
he
p
a
d
[
2].
T
h
is
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
s
af
e
r
t
h
a
n
wi
re
d
ch
a
r
g
i
ng
i
n
te
rms
o
f
elec
tr
ici
t
y
e
xposure
as
a
n
i
n
sula
t
e
d
pla
t
e
c
overs
a
nd
se
a
l
s
t
h
e
t
ra
nsm
i
s
s
ion
c
o
i
l
[
3].
M
o
st
o
f
EV
w
irele
s
s
c
h
argi
n
g
sy
st
e
m
s
a
r
e
i
ndu
c
tiv
e
l
y
c
oup
l
e
d
po
we
r
t
r
an
sfe
r
(
IC
P
T
)
wh
e
r
e
th
e
magn
et
i
c
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
ce
fi
el
d
tran
s
f
e
r
s
the
elec
t
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
[
4].
The
s
y
s
t
em
c
on
sis
t
s
of
t
ran
s
m
i
t
t
er
a
n
d
r
ece
i
v
e
r
c
oi
ls,
an
d
t
h
ey
l
oc
ate
nea
r
t
o
ea
ch
ot
her.
B
o
t
h
c
o
il
s
m
u
st
o
pe
rate
a
t
a
sim
i
l
a
r
re
son
a
nt
f
re
q
u
enc
y
to
t
ransfer
energy
e
ffici
ently
[
5].
Thus,
a
com
p
en
sat
i
on
circ
u
i
t
ass
i
sts t
h
e
coi
l
s t
o
ac
h
i
e
ve
r
esona
nc
e.
Tw
o-
capa
c
i
t
o
r
com
p
en
sat
i
ons
a
re
f
am
ous
c
o
m
pensa
t
i
ons
i
n
the
tw
o
-c
o
il
re
sona
tor
syste
m
o
f
I
C
P
T
.
Ea
ch
c
o
i
l
u
til
iz
es
o
ne
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
at
e
d
c
a
p
aci
to
r.
T
h
e
c
a
p
acit
o
r
co
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
t
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
i
l
s
a
r
e
inc
l
ud
ing,
s
eri
e
s-se
ries
(
S
S
),
s
er
i
e
s-para
lle
l
(
S
P
)
,
pa
ralle
l
-
s
er
i
e
s
(PS)
o
r
parallel-
parallel
(
P
P
)
[
6
].
T
he
S
S
com
p
en
sat
i
o
n
is
t
he
m
os
t
pra
c
tic
al
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
f
or
E
V
w
i
re
l
e
ss
c
ha
r
g
i
n
g
a
ppl
ica
t
i
o
n
as
it
o
f
fe
rs
h
i
g
h
to
l
e
ranc
e
o
f
m
isa
lig
nm
ent
an
d
in
de
pe
n
d
e
n
t
from
l
o
ad
v
ar
i
a
ti
o
n
[
7]
.
However,
t
hese
c
a
p
acitors
s
uffer
f
r
o
m
hi
gh
vo
lta
ge
s
t
r
ess
a
t
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
[8].
A
n
e
x
te
nde
d
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
to
pol
ogy
s
u
c
h
as
P
i
-
net
w
o
r
k
o
r
T
-ne
t
wo
rk
con
n
ec
tio
n
i
s
i
nt
r
oduc
e
d
b
y
add
i
ng
in
duc
t
o
r
in
o
rde
r
t
o
d
i
strib
u
t
e
vo
lta
ge
s
tre
s
s
be
tw
ee
n
p
a
ssi
v
e
e
l
em
ents
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
7
3
– 2
181
2
174
and
c
o
ils
[
9].
Be
side
s,
t
he
T
-
n
etw
o
rk
a
n
d
P
i-ne
t
w
o
r
k
ge
ne
rate
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
nd
c
ons
ta
nt
c
urrent
ou
tpu
t
,
r
e
spec
tive
l
y
[1
0].
Th
u
s
,
the
i
r
re
so
na
nt
freq
u
e
n
c
i
e
s
a
re
i
rre
l
e
v
a
n
t
to
t
h
e
c
oup
lin
g
co
e
ffi
c
i
ent
[11].
F
o
r
exa
m
ple,
L
CL
,
LC
C-S
,
S
-
C
LC,
LC-S
a
nd
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
si
de
d
LCC
are
com
p
e
nsa
t
i
o
n
str
u
c
t
ur
es
p
rese
nte
d
i
n
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
a
rt
i
c
l
e
s
[
11–
15
].
A
l
t
hou
gh
a
l
l
t
h
e
se
c
o
m
p
e
nsa
t
ion
s
a
re
t
une
d
t
o
z
e
r
o
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sw
itc
hi
n
g
(
ZV
S),
the
cou
p
l
i
ng
co
il s
i
ze
li
m
its
t
he p
a
r
am
eter
of
com
p
ensa
ti
o
n
ele
me
nt
s.
The
ZV
S
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
n
ec
e
ssary
c
rite
rio
n
t
o
o
b
ta
in
s
oft
sw
itc
hi
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
inve
rter
pow
e
r
M
O
S
F
ETs
[1
6,
1
7].
Ba
se
d
on
pr
ev
i
ous
r
e
s
ear
ch,
the
c
o
m
p
ensa
t
i
o
n
c
irc
u
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
t
u
ned
sli
g
h
t
ly
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
duc
t
i
ve
r
e
g
io
n
from
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
nc
e
po
in
t
by
i
nc
rea
s
in
g
the
se
co
ndar
y
c
ap
ac
itor
va
lue
or
r
educ
i
n
g
the
c
o
il
sel
f
-i
nd
uc
ta
n
c
e
para
me
ter
sl
i
g
ht
l
y
[
1
5
].
M
a
i
nta
i
ni
n
g
u
n
i
ty
pow
er
f
ac
t
o
r
o
r
z
ero
-
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
l
e
(
Z
P
A
)
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
v
e
in
put
v
olta
ge
i
s
chal
le
ng
i
ng
si
nce
m
o
st
o
f
th
e
de
s
i
g
n
e
d
c
irc
u
it
i
s
ba
se
d
on
fu
n
d
am
ent
a
l
harm
on
i
c
a
nal
y
s
i
s
(F
H
A
)
[
18].
F
u
rt
herm
ore
,
t
he
volta
ge
t
ra
nsit
i
on
of
M
O
S
F
ET
betw
e
e
n
o
n
an
d
off
pro
d
u
ce
s
slew
r
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
l
e
a
d
s
to
s
ig
ni
fi
ca
n
t
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
l
o
ss
i
f
h
ig
h
in
put
c
u
rren
t
a
t
sw
it
c
h
in
g
po
int
[1
5,
19].
More
o
v
er,
the
ZV
S
is
prefera
b
l
e
t
ha
n
zer
o
c
u
rre
nt
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
(
ZCS
)
s
ince
m
ost
of
t
he
p
o
w
e
r
MO
S
F
ET
em
beds
f
l
y
w
h
e
e
l
d
io
de
t
ha
t
con
d
u
ct
s
reve
rse
curr
ent
in
t
he
t
rans
is
tor
[1
5]
.
Even
t
h
oug
h
t
h
e
ZV
S
tun
i
ng
i
s
ap
pro
x
ima
t
e
t
o
t
he
n
at
ural
resona
nt
f
re
q
u
e
ncy,
t
he ICP
T
sti
l
l
draw
s
o
ve
rc
urre
nt
iss
ue
from
t
he
i
n
v
erte
r
, espec
i
a
lly a
t unc
oup
le
d an
d
hig
h
loa
d
r
e
s
ist
o
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
s
[
2
0
,
21].
Co
nseq
u
e
ntl
y
,
the
ex
c
e
ssive
c
u
rr
ent
brake
s
d
ow
n
the
in
verter
s
in
c
e
t
he
curr
ent e
x
cee
d
s
t
he MO
S
F
ET
ma
xi
m
u
m
c
u
rrent
r
ati
ng a
nd
dam
a
ges
t
he MOSFETs [22].
The
r
e
ar
e
pa
ssive
a
nd
ac
ti
v
e
c
on
tro
l
t
e
c
h
ni
q
u
es
t
ha
t
ca
n
preve
n
t
exc
e
ssive
c
urre
n
t
t
hro
u
gh
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
.
Th
e
pas
s
iv
e
me
tho
d
s
a
re
i
n
c
l
udi
ng
co
mp
en
sa
t
i
on
st
ruct
u
r
e
o
f
d
o
ubl
e
-
sid
e
d
LCC
a
n
d
S
S
d
et
uni
ng
[1
5,
2
1].
The
i
n
ve
rter
c
u
r
ren
t
f
l
o
w
s
t
o
t
h
e
do
uble
-
s
i
de
d
LC
C
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
is
d
ire
c
t
l
y
pro
port
i
ona
l
to
t
he
cou
p
l
i
ng
fac
t
o
r
.
N
e
ve
rtheles
s
,
the
c
u
rre
n
t
c
onta
i
ns
h
i
g
h
t
o
tal
h
a
r
m
oni
c
dis
t
or
tio
n,
w
hic
h
l
ea
ds
t
o
ha
r
d
sw
it
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
t
he
i
n
v
erter
[2
3].
O
n
t
he
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d,
t
he
c
apa
c
i
t
o
r
de
tu
n
i
n
g
t
ec
hn
i
que
o
f
S
S
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
cha
nge
s
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
of
t
he
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
or
s
s
o
t
h
a
t
the
pr
i
m
ar
y
si
de
t
u
ne
t
o
in
d
u
ct
i
v
e
c
h
a
r
ac
t
e
ris
tic
w
hi
l
e
t
he
seco
nda
ry
c
irc
u
it
t
une
t
o
c
a
p
a
c
iti
ve
c
hara
ct
erist
i
c.
I
t
be
ne
fit
s
the
system
t
o
r
e
gulate
po
w
e
r
t
r
ansfer
a
t
a
wid
e
range
o
f
c
o
up
l
i
n
g
f
ac
tor
a
n
d
pr
e
v
en
t
t
h
e
e
x
ce
ss
iv
e
cur
r
e
nt
i
ss
u
e.
U
nfort
u
nate
l
y
,
t
h
e
de
tu
n
i
n
g
a
p
p
roa
c
h
exa
cer
ba
tes
th
e
powe
r
t
rans
fe
r
efficie
n
c
y
.
Ot
he
rwise,
a
ct
i
v
e
c
o
nt
rol
met
h
od
s
su
ch
a
s
ph
a
s
e
shi
f
ti
ng
a
t
th
e
H-
bri
dge
i
n
v
erte
r
and
du
ty
c
y
c
le
v
ar
i
a
tio
n
at
D
C
b
oost
con
v
e
r
ter
re
qu
i
r
e
fe
ed
bac
k
i
nfor
ma
t
i
on
fr
om
t
he
rec
e
iv
in
g
si
de,
w
h
ic
h
u
til
izes
w
ire
l
ess
com
m
unica
t
i
o
n
sy
stem
s
[
20,
24]
.
H
e
nc
e,
i
t
impl
i
e
s
t
o
h
ig
h
p
o
ss
i
b
i
lit
y
of
r
e
ceiv
e
r
da
t
a
t
o
be
i
nterr
u
p
t
e
d
due
t
o
s
i
gna
l
i
n
te
rfe
r
en
c
e
w
it
h
a
s
t
ro
ng
m
a
gne
t
i
c
fi
eld
[2
5].
Thus,
th
i
s
pro
b
lem
de
t
e
r
i
orates
I
CPT system
r
eli
a
b
ili
t
y
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
n
ove
l
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
tio
n
sc
he
me
o
f
C
LL/S
w
i
l
l
b
e
pro
po
se
d
t
o
c
o
n
s
t
r
ai
nt
t
h
e
i
nv
ert
e
r
curr
ent
to
t
he
c
ou
p
lin
g
co
i
l
s
a
s
a
c
c
o
rd
ing
to
m
ax
imum
r
ating
c
u
rr
ent
of
pow
er
M
O
S
F
ET
in
ver
t
e
r
.
The
pro
pose
d
c
om
pe
n
s
at
ion
co
ns
ists
o
f
a
s
e
rie
s
c
a
p
ac
i
t
or
a
n
d
a
p
ar
a
ll
e
l
i
n
duc
t
o
r
c
o
n
n
ec
t
e
d
in
L
-ne
t
w
o
r
k
a
t
p
r
i
m
ary
c
i
rcu
it
wh
il
e
a
se
ri
e
s
c
a
p
ac
ito
r
at
t
h
e
s
ec
ond
a
r
y
ci
rcu
it.
I
t o
n
ly re
q
uire
s t
h
e i
n
d
u
c
t
or
par
am
eter t
un
ing
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
t
o
m
a
t
c
h
t
h
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
o
ut
a
f
f
ec
t
i
n
g
its
pow
e
r
t
r
a
nsfer
e
f
fi
cienc
y
.
Thi
s
p
ap
er
a
dd
ress
ed
f
ou
r
o
b
j
ecti
v
es
w
hi
ch
a
re
u
n
d
e
rst
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
c
u
rren
t
c
ha
rac
t
e
r
istic
b
as
e
d
o
n
mutua
l
i
n
d
u
ct
a
n
ce
eq
u
i
va
le
nt
c
irc
u
i
t
m
o
d
e
l
a
t
s
eries-se
r
i
es
r
e
s
ona
n
t
s
ta
t
e
,
d
e
riv
i
n
g
d
etu
n
e
d
p
a
r
am
eter
o
f
pro
pose
d
c
om
pen
s
at
i
on
ne
t
w
o
r
k
us
i
ng
K
V
L
c
ircui
t
a
nal
y
s
i
s
on
re
a
cta
n
c
e
r
epr
e
senta
t
io
n
of
t
he
c
ompe
n
s
a
tio
n
netw
ork
an
d
t
h
e
eq
ui
va
len
t
c
ir
cu
it
m
o
d
e
l
,
a
n
al
ysi
ng
i
n
pu
t
cur
r
e
nt
c
hara
cter
i
s
ti
c
a
t
d
iffer
e
nt
d
e
t
u
n
i
ng
f
a
c
tor
and
com
p
ari
n
g
the
pr
op
ose
d
pow
er
t
ra
nsfer
e
f
fic
i
enc
y
w
i
t
h
pr
e
v
i
ou
s
comp
e
n
sat
i
on
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
th
at
c
on
si
d
e
r
overc
urre
nt
i
ss
ue
at
un
c
o
up
l
e
d con
d
i
t
i
on.
2.
ICPT
F
UNDA
M
E
NTA
L
S
T
UDY
Bef
o
re
d
e
r
ivi
n
g
a
n
d
a
n
al
ysi
n
g
t
h
e
pro
pose
d
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
ne
tw
ork
,
the
ICP
T
s
yst
e
m
nee
d
t
o
be
si
m
p
li
fie
d
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
c
om
pr
ehe
nd
the
in
p
u
t
c
u
rre
nt
c
hara
cteris
t
i
c
at
r
eson
a
n
t
st
ate
w
i
t
h
v
aryi
n
g
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
c
o
eff
i
ci
ent
s
.
Fi
gu
re
1
i
ll
u
s
t
r
at
e
s
a
b
asi
c
c
on
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
of
I
C
P
T
w
h
ic
h
c
over
s
D
C
v
o
lta
ge
s
ource
,
i
n
verter
,
impe
da
nce
m
a
tch
i
ng
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
I
M
N
)
o
r
com
p
ensa
ti
o
n
c
i
r
cui
t
,
c
o
u
p
l
i
ng
c
o
ils,
re
ct
i
f
ier
and
ba
tte
ry.
The
D
C
vo
lta
ge
s
o
u
rc
e
ca
n
re
prese
n
t
t
h
e
ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
the
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
i
d
e
.
A
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
v
e
vo
lta
ge ge
n
era
t
e
d
by
the
i
n
v
e
rter
,
vs, c
an be
de
fi
ned i
n
F
ou
rie
r
expa
nsi
on
form
as
1
sin
2
1
4
,
21
S
k
kt
vt
k
(
1
)
ω
a
n
d
t
i
s
an
gul
a
r
fre
qu
e
n
cy
a
nd
t
i
m
e,
r
esp
e
c
t
iv
el
y
.
T
ot
al
s
u
m
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
d
d
h
armo
ni
cs
p
ro
du
c
e
s
appr
ox
im
ate
l
y
a
sq
ua
re
w
ave
signa
l.
A
t
t
h
e
se
co
nd
ary
sid
e
,
an
e
q
u
i
va
le
nt
e
n
d
l
oa
d
resis
t
or,
R
E
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
s
t
h
e
bat
t
eries
a
n
d
r
ecti
f
ier
.
C
o
n
si
der
i
ng
R
E
a
cc
ep
ts
a
ny
v
o
l
t
a
ge
l
ev
el
s
t
o
d
i
s
reg
a
rd
D
C
b
u
c
k
co
nv
ert
e
r
fu
n
c
ti
on
a
t
the se
c
o
n
d
ary
side
.
Thus,
R
E
b
a
s
ed
o
n
e
qui
va
l
e
nt
re
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e b
a
t
t
e
ry
,
R
b
a
tte
r
y
and receiver
r
e
ctifier
is
[
11]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
CL
L
/
S de
tu
ne
d
com
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
net
w
ork
f
o
r e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
v
e
hic
l
es
w
i
rele
ss c
h
a
r
g
i
ng … (
A
hm
ad
Fu
ad Ab
d
u
l Az
iz)
2
175
8
E
B
a
tte
ry
RR
(
2
)
Th
is
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
ica
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
is
p
re
sume
d
for
st
udy
in
g
mu
t
u
al
i
nd
uc
tanc
e
of
t
he
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
c
o
i
l
s,
e
spe
c
i
all
y
t
he
exc
ita
t
i
o
n
v
ol
t
a
ge
c
har
acte
r
istic
a
t
the
seco
n
d
a
r
y c
o
i
l
a
n
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
ng t
h
e
prop
ose
d
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n ne
tw
ork.
F
i
gure
1. S
impli
f
ied
ICP
T
sys
tem
. (IMN
is
i
m
p
eda
n
ce
m
a
t
c
hi
n
g
ne
tw
ork)
2
.
1
.
Mu
t
ua
l inducta
nce
o
f
c
o
u
p
l
in
g
co
ils
A
c
cordi
n
g
to
m
utua
l
i
nduc
ta
nce
princ
i
pl
e,
w
he
n
tw
o
se
para
te
d
co
i
l
s
loc
a
te
n
ea
r
to
eac
h
ot
her
,
add
i
tio
na
l
exc
itat
i
o
n
v
o
lta
ges
appea
r
to
b
o
t
h coi
l
s
c
a
use
d
b
y
m
utua
l
i
n
duc
t
a
nce
phe
n
o
m
e
na
w
here
t
he
mutua
l
in
duc
ta
nce
is d
efine
d
a
s
12
M
kL
L
(
3
)
M, k,
L
1
a
nd
L
2
a
r
e
m
utu
a
l
in
duc
ta
nce,
c
o
u
p
lin
g
c
o
effi
c
i
e
n
t,
p
rim
a
ry
c
oil
self
-i
ndu
c
t
a
n
ce
an
d
sec
ond
a
r
y
coi
l
self-
i
n
d
u
cta
n
c
e
,
r
e
s
pe
cti
v
e
l
y.
B
ot
h
prim
ary
and
se
co
n
d
ar
y
coi
l
s
c
o
n
si
st
o
f
e
x
c
ita
t
i
o
n
v
olta
ge
s
der
i
ve
d
fr
o
m
the
m
u
lti
p
l
i
c
at
io
n
of
m
u
t
ua
l
ind
u
c
t
a
n
ce
rea
c
t
ance
,
j
ω
M
a
nd
c
u
r
re
nt
o
f
t
h
e
o
ppo
sit
e
s
id
e.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
shows
a
n
equ
i
vale
n
t
c
irc
u
it
m
o
del
o
f
t
h
e
c
ou
p
l
i
n
g
co
i
l
i
n
p
h
as
or
f
or
m
ba
sed
m
u
t
u
a
l
i
n
duc
ta
n
c
e
pri
n
ci
p
l
e.
T
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ac
ross at
p
r
i
ma
ry,
v
1
a
nd se
co
ndar
y
c
irc
u
it,
v
2
ar
e
11
1
2
vj
L
I
j
M
I
(
4
)
22
2
1
vj
L
I
j
M
I
(
5
)
F
i
gur
e 2.
Mu
t
u
a
l in
d
u
ct
anc
e
m
odel
I
1
a
nd
I
2
a
re
t
he
p
rimary
a
nd
s
econdar
y
c
u
rre
nt
f
low
t
h
rou
gh
the
c
o
il.
B
ec
a
u
se
b
ot
h
exc
ita
t
i
o
n
v
olta
ge
s,
j
ω
MI
n
,
r
e
ly
on
op
p
o
s
i
te
c
ur
rent,
I
n
,
t
h
e
e
x
ci
t
a
ti
on
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
he
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
ide
ca
n
be
r
epl
ace
d
wi
t
h
a
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
e
d
impe
da
nce
t
o
t
he
p
rima
ry sid
e,
Z
R
. Let’s
say,
v
2
=
Z
Lo
a
d
.
I
2
,
then
1
2
2
1
,
Lo
a
d
s
jM
I
I
Z
jL
jM
I
Z
(
6
)
wher
e
Z
s
i
s
the
t
o
tal
impe
da
n
c
e
of
t
he
s
ec
o
nda
ry
s
ide
.
S
ubs
ti
tute
I
2
i
n
(2)
with
(
6)
.
Then
t
he
p
rimary
v
ol
tage,
v
1
will
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
7
3
– 2
181
2
176
2
11
1
1
11
.
S
R
M
vj
L
I
I
Z
jL
Z
I
(
7
)
F
r
om
(
7),
t
h
e
Z
R
i
s
in
ver
s
el
y
pr
o
p
o
rtio
na
l
t
o
t
he
Z
s
a
n
d
d
irec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
rt
io
na
l
to
(
ω
M
)
2
.
F
i
gure
3
ill
us
trates
a
p
h
a
sor
m
o
de
l
o
f
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
c
o
il
afte
r
Z
R
r
eplac
e
s
t
h
e
pr
i
m
ar
y
c
o
il
exc
i
ta
ti
o
n
v
o
lta
ge,
j
ω
MI
2
.
In
order
t
o
u
nder
s
ta
nd
t
he
c
ha
rac
t
eris
t
i
c
of
s
e
c
on
dar
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
se
ries
capa
c
i
t
o
r
s
n
ee
d
t
o
c
om
pen
s
ate
b
o
t
h
se
lf-
in
duc
ta
nce
c
o
ils.
A
t
r
esona
n
c
e
cou
p
l
i
ng,
t
he
c
urre
nt
f
l
o
w
s
t
hr
o
ugh
t
h
e
ca
p
a
ci
t
o
r
an
d
co
i
l
i
s
c
o
nsi
d
e
r
ed
a
s
shor
t-circ
u
i
t
e
d.
H
enc
e
,
the
I
1
v
arie
s
c
o
ncer
ning
Z
R
v
a
l
ue
s.
T
he
n,
t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
t
t
h
e
sec
o
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
i
l
i
s
i
n
d
u
ce
d
base
d
on tw
o factors,
w
hich
a
re
the
p
rima
ry c
urre
nt
,
I
1
a
nd
m
ut
ua
l
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
ce
re
actanc
e
,
j
ω
M
.
F
i
gur
e 3.
Equ
i
v
ale
n
t c
i
rcu
it
m
odel o
f
I
CP
T
syste
m
f
or
s
e
r
ies-se
ries c
ompe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n ne
tw
o
r
k
F
i
gure 4
sh
ow
s
the
sec
o
n
d
a
r
y exci
ta
t
i
o
n
v
ol
ta
ge,
ω
MI
1
,
I
1
a
nd
ω
M
a
t
d
i
f
f
e
re
n
t
c
ou
pli
n
g
co
e
f
f
i
ci
ent
s
,
k
.
T
h
e
I
1
c
urr
e
nt
d
ecr
ease
s
e
xp
o
n
en
t
i
a
l
ly
w
he
n
k
i
n
c
rea
s
es,
wh
e
r
ea
s
t
h
e
I
1
rec
i
proca
l
c
u
r
ve
l
e
s
s
e
n
s
a
s
t
h
e
Z
R
val
u
e
gai
n
s.
T
he
ω
M
g
r
a
p
h
i
s
a
l
in
ea
r
in
cre
a
se
,
an
d
it
s
grad
i
e
n
t
d
ep
en
ds
o
n
th
e
c
o
i
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
fac
t
or
a
nd
i
t
s
ph
ysic
a
l
s
truc
tur
e
,
inc
l
ud
i
ng
c
o
il
ge
om
etry,
size
,
a
n
d
ma
t
e
rial
[
5].
O
n
t
he
o
t
h
er
h
a
nd,
t
he
I
1
c
urve
c
an
b
e
ma
nip
u
la
t
e
d
b
y
i
m
p
l
e
me
nti
n
g
pa
ssive
c
o
n
t
rol
or
a
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
n
t
ro
l
t
ec
hn
iq
ues
tha
t
h
a
v
e
bee
n
m
en
tio
ne
d
in
t
he
in
t
r
od
uc
ti
on
s
e
c
tio
n.
H
e
n
ce,
t
he
p
ro
pose
d
C
L
L
/S
c
omp
e
nsa
tio
n
ne
tw
ork
w
i
l
l
f
ocu
s
o
n
a
l
teri
ng
t
he
I
1
cha
r
ac
t
e
ris
tic
a
t va
ry
in
g co
up
l
i
n
g
coe
ffic
ie
nt.
A
s
r
e
f
er
t
o
F
i
gure
4,
t
h
e
I
1
c
urve
e
sc
ala
t
e
s
g
radua
lly
w
h
e
n
the
se
co
n
d
a
r
y
circ
uit
rea
c
he
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
c
i
rcui
t
c
ond
it
io
n
.
T
h
e
Z
R
a
t
t
h
e
pr
i
m
ar
y
c
i
r
c
u
it
is
i
n
v
e
r
sely
p
r
o
p
o
rtiona
l
t
o
t
he
t
o
t
al
i
m
pe
da
nce
of
t
he
seco
nda
ry
c
i
r
cui
t
,
Z
s
.
W
h
en
t
he
Z
s
incr
ease
s
due
t
o
R
E
i
n
c
r
em
ent,
t
he
Z
R
d
ecr
ease
s
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
l
t,
t
he
p
r
i
m
a
ry
curr
ent
i
n
c
r
ea
se
s
gra
dua
l
l
y
d
u
ri
ng
c
h
argi
n
g
the
ba
tter
y
a
n
d
i
nc
re
ases
t
rem
e
ndo
us
l
y
a
s
cou
p
l
i
n
g
we
ak
en
o
r
reduc
es.
The
la
tter
c
i
r
c
um
sta
n
c
e
,
w
h
ic
h
oc
c
u
rre
d
w
h
e
n
t
he
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
co
i
l
i
s
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
w
a
y
from
t
he
t
ra
ns
mitter
c
o
i
l
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
I
1
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
flo
w
in
g
in
t
he
t
r
a
nsm
itter
c
o
il
,
must
a
v
o
i
d
s
i
nce
o
v
e
rc
u
r
rent
c
a
n
d
am
a
g
e
t
h
e
MO
S
F
ETs
i
n
H
-
bridg
e
i
nve
r
t
er
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
dra
i
n-to-s
ource
c
urre
nt
e
xcee
din
g
t
he
m
ax
i
m
um
c
urrent
r
a
tin
g
of
M
OS
FET.
F
i
gure
4.
C
ha
r
a
c
t
eris
tic
of
ex
cita
t
i
on v
o
lta
g
e
f
rom
the
seconda
ry
s
i
d
e
ob
ta
ine
d
from
prim
ary
curr
ent and
mut
u
a
l
i
n
duc
t
a
nce
rea
c
tanc
e
3.
CLL/S
COMPENSATION
NETWORK
I
n
t
his
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
stem
,
the
c
u
r
r
ent
ca
n
be
r
educe
d
dur
ing
the
un
c
oup
l
e
d
c
o
ndi
ti
o
n
by
d
e
t
uni
ng
t
he
com
p
en
sate
d
i
n
d
u
c
tive
a
t
t
he
p
rima
ry
s
i
d
e.
A
C
LL
c
ompe
nsa
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
re
i
s
a
T-n
e
t
w
o
r
k
st
ru
ctu
r
e
wh
ere
com
p
en
sate
d c
a
p
aci
t
o
r,
C
1
is c
o
n
n
ec
ted
in s
erie
s t
o
sel
f-
in
duc
ta
n
c
e o
f
the
prim
a
ry co
i
l
,
L
P
w
hile com
p
e
nsa
t
ed
in
duc
t
o
r
,
L
1
i
s
i
n
p
ara
l
l
e
l
to
L
P
a
s
il
l
u
stra
ted
i
n
F
i
g
ure
5.
A
c
om
pe
nsa
t
e
d
capa
c
i
t
or
,
C
2
a
t
th
e
secon
d
a
ry
s
id
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
CL
L
/
S de
tu
ne
d
com
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
net
w
ork
f
o
r e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
v
e
hic
l
es
w
i
rele
ss c
h
a
r
g
i
ng … (
A
hm
ad
Fu
ad Ab
d
u
l Az
iz)
2
177
c
o
nn
e
c
t
s
i
n
se
ri
es
t
o
self
-i
nduc
t
a
n
c
e
of
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
a
ry
c
oi
l
,
L
S
i
n
order
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
co
ns
ta
nt
o
ut
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge
t
o
the
en
d
loa
d
a
nd
m
i
n
im
iz
e
t
h
e
u
t
iliza
t
i
on
o
f
p
a
ssi
ve
c
om
p
one
n
t
s
a
t
t
h
e
p
i
c
k
up
c
o
i
l
ar
ea.
T
he
CL
com
p
en
sat
i
on
ne
tw
ork
i
s
s
e
l
ec
t
e
d
si
nce
th
e
de
tun
i
ng
e
l
e
m
ent
o
f
L
1
i
n
t
h
e
CL
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
ill
n
o
t
l
ess
e
n
t
h
e
prima
r
y
coi
l
c
u
r
r
e
nt [2
6
]
. Thus,
it affec
t
s
t
h
e
e
x
ci
ta
t
i
o
n
v
olt
age
of
t
he se
c
o
ndar
y
c
oi
l.
F
i
gure
5.
P
rop
o
se
d
CLL
/
S
com
p
ensa
ti
o
n
ne
t
w
o
r
k
D
e
rivat
i
on
of
C
LL
c
o
m
p
en
s
a
ti
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
rk
b
e
g
i
n
s
b
y
d
e
f
ini
n
g
t
h
e
r
eac
ta
nce
o
f
c
a
p
ac
i
t
or,
X
c
a
nd
in
duc
t
o
r
,
X
L
w
h
i
ch
i
s
1
C
X
C
(
8
)
L
XL
(
9
)
wh
er
e
ω
i
s
angu
lar
freq
ue
nc
y.
The
pr
opos
e
d
n
e
t
w
o
rk
m
us
t
be
t
une
d
t
o
i
nd
uc
tive
ch
a
r
ac
terist
i
c
si
n
ce
to
ma
int
a
in
Z
V
S
i
n
M
O
S
F
E
T
i
nver
t
er.
The
t
u
nin
g
m
us
t
m
ove
n
e
a
r
t
o
n
a
t
ur
al
r
e
s
ona
nt
fre
que
ncy
f
o
r
u
t
i
liz
i
n
g
ma
gnet
i
c
r
e
so
nan
t
c
ou
p
l
i
n
g
beha
v
i
o
u
r
i
n
t
he
s
yste
m.
T
h
u
s,
t
o
ob
t
a
in
n
at
u
r
al
r
es
on
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
t
he
prima
r
y
si
de,
the
c
o
il
is
a
ssum
e
d
t
o
b
e
u
n
c
o
u
p
le
d
w
h
ere
t
h
e
Z
R
i
s
e
q
ua
l
to
zer
o
va
lue.
T
her
e
for
e
,
tot
a
l
reactance
in
t
he prim
a
ry
s
i
d
e,
X
T
m
ust be
z
ero
1
1
1
0
CL
p
L
T
LL
p
C
L
Lp
jX
jX
jX
X
XX
X
XX
(
10)
X
L1
,
X
Lp
,
X
C
a
re
r
e
acta
n
ce
of
c
om
pen
s
ate
d
i
nd
uc
tor,
L
1
,
se
lf-
i
n
duc
ta
nce
c
o
il,
L
P
,
and
co
m
p
ensa
ted
ca
p
a
citor
,
X
C
.
By
r
ep
lac
i
ng
r
eac
t
a
nce
ter
m
s
in
(
1
0
)
w
i
t
h
(8)
a
n
d
(
9
),
t
he
n
a
t
u
ra
l
re
sona
nt
freque
nc
y
of
C
LL
com
p
en
sat
i
on i
s
11
1
11
P
L
CL
C
(
11)
If
t
he va
l
ue
o
f
L
P
i
s
equa
l
t
o
L
1
,
the
value
o
f
C
is
2
2
2
L
p
C
P
X
jX
j
C
L
(
12)
All
c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
e
d
re
act
anc
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
ter
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
a
r
e
r
e
fe
rri
n
g
t
o
reac
t
a
n
ce
X
Lp
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
.
T
h
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
para
me
ter
to
i
nve
st
i
g
ate
is
t
he
m
agn
i
t
ude
a
nd
pha
se
a
ngle
o
f
i
n
put
current,
I
1
,
since
the
c
o
nc
ern
of
t
his
pro
pose
d
s
t
r
uc
ture
t
o
l
i
mit
th
e
c
u
rre
nt
f
l
o
w
thr
o
u
g
h
t
he
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
in
ver
t
e
r
by
tu
n
i
n
g
t
o
ind
u
c
t
i
v
e
be
ha
vi
our
.
Th
us, the
I
1
can be
ob
ta
ine
d
b
y
usin
g K
i
r
c
hh
off
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
La
w
(K
V
L
)
to
t
h
e
pr
i
m
a
r
y
circ
u
it
,
1
1
2
11
2
2
AB
R
L
p
L
L
pL
p
L
R
L
L
p
UZ
j
X
X
I
XX
X
j
Z
X
X
(
13)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
7
3
– 2
181
2
178
and
the
I
1
angl
e
conc
ern
i
n
g
v
ol
ta
ge
s
o
u
r
ce,
U
AB
22
2
11
1
2
1
22
2
2
11
2
1
2
ar
c
t
an
2
2
ar
c
t
an
2
L
pL
p
L
R
L
L
p
RL
PP
R
P
R
XX
X
Z
X
X
ZX
LL
L
Z
L
L
ZL
(
14)
To a
ch
ieve
Z
V
S
opera
tion,
th
e
I
1
a
ngle,
α
1
must le
ss
t
ha
n 0° t
o
i
n
d
i
ca
t
e
c
urrent
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
c
on
d
iti
on.
T
he
re
for
e
,
22
2
2
11
2
RP
P
P
Z
LL
L
L
L
(
15)
The
va
lue o
f
L
1
c
an be
c
a
lcul
ated
f
rom
(
13) by
ass
u
min
g
Z
R
= 0
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
Lp
Lp
A
B
L
Lp
AB
PP
A
B
PA
B
XX
I
U
X
XI
U
LL
I
U
L
LI
U
(
16)
Mea
n
w
h
ile,
th
e
prima
r
y c
o
i
l
c
urre
nt,
I
Coil
,
is
1
2
11
2
2
AB
L
Co
i
l
R
L
L
p
L
Lp
Lp
UX
I
ZX
X
j
X
X
X
(
17)
The
I
Coil
i
s
a
n
ot
her
c
onc
erne
d
v
a
lue
w
h
ere
it
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
nes
t
h
e
sec
o
n
d
ary
s
i
d
e
ex
cit
a
ti
o
n
v
olt
a
g
e
.
It
s
ang
l
e
wil
l
no
t
a
ffe
c
t
t
he
e
xci
t
a
t
io
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
v
a
l
ue
,
b
u
t
i
t
s
h
if
t
s
t
he
e
xc
i
ta
tio
n
vo
lta
g
e
phas
e
a
n
g
l
e
w
i
t
h
r
es
pe
ct
t
o
the
vo
lta
ge s
ourc
e
,
U
AB
.
4.
SIMU
L
A
TION
R
ES
ULT
AND ANALY
S
IS
A
sim
u
la
tio
n
ha
s
bee
n
c
on
d
u
cte
d
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
the
CLL
/
S
c
o
mpe
n
sat
i
on
ne
tw
ork
u
s
in
g
MA
TLA
B
Si
mu
l
i
nk
R
201
8
pl
a
t
fo
rm.
T
h
is
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
o
b
se
rv
es
f
ou
r
mai
n
p
ar
am
eter
s,
w
hich
a
r
e
i
np
ut
c
urr
e
n
t
,
I
1
,
it
s
pha
se
a
n
g
le,
α
1
,
coil
c
u
rre
nt,
I
coil
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
pow
er
t
ra
nsf
e
r
effic
i
enc
y
f
or
v
ar
y
i
n
g
v
a
l
ues
o
f
c
om
pe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
in
duc
t
o
r,
L
1
.
I
n
s
imu
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
is,
ass
u
m
p
t
i
ons
o
f th
e v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
ourc
e
,
U
AB
a
nd
e
q
u
iva
l
e
n
t l
o
a
d
r
esista
nc
e,
R
E
are
nec
e
ssary
f
or
a
nal
y
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l.
T
he
s
e
r
i
e
s
com
p
en
sat
i
on
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
a
t
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
ry
s
id
e
el
i
m
in
at
e
s
c
o
i
l
s
e
lf
-
in
duc
ta
nce
rea
c
tanc
e
a
t
s
ec
o
n
da
r
y
w
hic
h
r
e
m
a
i
ns
t
he
R
E
o
nly.
T
h
e
refore,
the
Z
S
i
n
(
6
)
i
s
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
t
o
R
E
s
o
tha
t
t
he
Z
R
can
b
e
est
i
m
a
ted
b
a
sed
o
n
the
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
coe
ffic
i
ent.
Ta
b
l
e
1
li
ste
d
o
t
h
e
r
p
ar
am
et
ers
for
s
i
mu
lat
i
o
n
a
na
l
y
sis.
T
he
v
a
lue
i
s
s
ele
c
t
e
d
ba
se
d
on
w
irele
s
s
cha
r
g
i
ng
o
f
e
l
ectric
ve
hi
cle
app
l
ica
t
i
o
n
in
[
27].
T
h
e
R
E
val
u
e
ha
s
tw
o
di
ffe
r
ent
va
lue
to
i
n
d
ica
t
e
tw
o
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
,
5
Ω
i
s
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
t
o
5
%
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
ba
tte
ry
l
e
v
el
w
hi
l
e
2
0
0
Ω
is
a
ssum
e
d
to
b
e
10
0%
o
r
fu
l
l
b
at
ter
y
c
ha
rge
con
d
iti
on.
T
h
e
se
t
w
o
v
al
ue
s
are
stu
di
e
d
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
c
h
ar
a
c
teris
t
i
c
o
f
p
r
im
ary
curr
ent
c
h
a
nge
a
s
t
h
e
en
d
l
o
a
d
b
ec
ome
s
a
n
ope
n
c
i
rc
uit.
I
n
the
grap
h
re
sul
t
s,
a
ll
re
acta
n
c
e
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
the
R
E
,
mutua
l
i
nd
uc
t
a
nce
rea
c
tanc
e,
is n
o
rm
alize
d
by pr
im
ary
coi
l
self
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
ce
rea
c
tanc
e.
Tab
l
e 1.
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
er
f
or
C
LL
/S
com
pen
s
at
i
on
ne
t
w
or
k
Pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
S
ym
bol
V
a
l
ue
Input
V
olt
a
g
e
U
AB
200
V
O
p
e
r
a
t
ing
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
f
85
kH
z
Prim
a
r
y c
o
il
s
e
lf-
i
nduc
ta
n
c
e
L
P
120
µH
Se
c
ond
a
r
y
c
o
il
s
e
lf
-
i
nd
uc
t
a
n
c
e
L
S
120
µH
E
q
ui
va
l
e
nt
L
o
a
d Re
sist
a
n
ce
R
E
5Ω/
200
Ω
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
en
s
a
t
e
d
cap
ac
it
o
r
C
1
58.
4
nF
S
eco
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
en
s
a
t
e
d
cap
ac
it
o
r
C
2
29
nF
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
CL
L
/
S de
tu
ne
d
com
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
net
w
ork
f
o
r e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
v
e
hic
l
es
w
i
rele
ss c
h
a
r
g
i
ng … (
A
hm
ad
Fu
ad Ab
d
u
l Az
iz)
2
179
F
i
gure
6
ill
ustr
a
t
e
s
t
he
norm
a
lized
c
oi
l
curre
n
t
v
al
ues
and
i
t
s
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
l
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
L
1
i
s
v
a
r
i
e
d
.
T
h
e
base
c
o
i
l
c
u
rrent
,
I
Coil
(bas
e)
is
e
quiva
len
t
t
o
vo
lt
a
g
e
so
urce
s
quare
d,
U
AB
2
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
R
E
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
b
att
e
ry
i
s
char
g
i
n
g
,
the
R
E
value
incr
eases
g
radual
l
y,
a
nd
Z
R
d
ec
reases
a
t
the prima
r
y
si
de.
It
c
auses
hi
gh
c
u
rrent
f
l
o
w
s
t
o
th
e
prim
ary circuit
a
t
r
esonan
t
st
a
t
e
, w
h
i
c
h is the
r
atio
X
L1
/X
Lp
e
quals un
i
t
y
.
The
ra
t
i
o
m
u
st detu
n
e
t
o
o
ver
un
ity
value
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
c
u
rrent
a
t
the
re
quire
d
leve
l
.
T
he
r
atio
m
u
st
e
xcee
d
than
u
n
i
t
y
v
al
u
e
t
o
e
n
sure
l
agg
i
n
g
curre
nt
i
n
t
h
e
c
i
rc
u
i
t
so
t
ha
t
Z
V
S
c
a
n
b
e
r
ealize
d
.
Co
nsider
ati
on
o
f
co
mp
en
s
a
t
e
d
in
du
c
t
o
r
,
L
1
i
s
c
r
it
ica
l
a
t
h
i
g
h
lo
a
d
R
E
(
R
E
=
2
0
0
Ω
)
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
c
u
r
r
ent
d
r
op
s
i
g
n
i
fica
ntly,
especia
lly
a
t
w
e
ak
c
oup
ling.
A
t
l
o
w
load
(
R
E
=
5
Ω
)
,
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
L
1
h
as
l
e
s
s
implicat
ion
to
I
Coil
v
a
l
u
e
.
F
o
r
w
e
a
k
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
a
t
l
o
w
l
o
a
d
,
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
I
Coil
d
e
c
li
ne
s
fr
om
0
.4
t
o
0.2
A
when
t
he
r
atio
X
L1
/X
Lp
change
from
1
to
1
.2.
If
t
he
r
at
i
o
h
i
g
he
r
t
h
a
n
1
.
2
,
the
ene
r
g
y
t
r
ansfer
b
e
t
w
e
en
t
h
e
c
oi
l
be
come
s
le
ss
e
ffec
t
i
v
e
si
nc
e
the
c
u
r
r
ent
flow
t
hro
u
g
h
t
he
c
o
i
l
is
i
n
a
dequa
te
t
o
in
duce
a
s
tro
ng
m
a
gnetic
fiel
d
[26
]
.
Therefore,
t
he
selecti
on
of
c
o
m
pensated
i
nd
ucto
r
is
c
ritic
a
l
si
nce
it
m
ust
rec
o
n
ci
l
e
b
et
we
e
n
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
p
o
wer
t
r
a
n
sf
er
a
n
d
li
m
i
t
a
t
i
on of
c
u
rre
n
t
t
hrough MO
S
F
ETs inverter.
A
c
cordi
n
g to (13),
a
slig
ht i
n
c
rea
s
e
of
L
1
w
i
l
l
re
du
c
e
t
h
e
i
np
ut
c
u
r
re
nt
,
I
1
t
o a spec
ifie
d
v
a
lue.
F
ig
ure
7
i
l
l
u
st
r
a
tes
the
effec
t
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
e
n
t
he
R
E
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
t
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
k.
Whe
n
t
he
b
a
t
te
r
y
i
s
fu
ll
y
c
h
arge
d,
the
in
pu
t
c
u
rr
ent
w
ill
n
o
t
e
x
c
e
e
d
t
ha
n
th
e
cu
r
r
ent
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
u
nc
ou
ple
d
s
ta
te,
as
f
or
t
his
ca
s
e
,
43
A
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
the
i
n
pu
t
im
p
e
danc
e
a
n
g
l
es
r
em
ain
i
n
t
h
e
i
nd
uc
t
i
ve
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
t
v
a
ry
ing
co
upl
ing
coe
ffi
c
i
ent
.
T
h
e
a
ng
l
e
increases to
87°
a
s
the
R
E
in
c
re
ases. H
o
w
e
ver,
it
is
s
t
ill o
p
era
t
i
n
g in the
i
n
d
u
ct
i
v
e reg
io
n. The l
ow
R
E
c
h
a
nge
s
t
h
e
i
npu
t
c
u
rren
t
s
i
gni
fi
c
a
n
t
ly
a
s
the
coupling
c
o
e
ffici
e
n
t
ris
es since
the m
utua
l
i
n
d
u
c
t
an
ce
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
ce
s
q
u
are
d
,
(
ω
M
)
2
in
fl
ue
nc
e
s
t
he
Z
R
v
a
l
ue
m
ore
t
h
a
n
t
he
R
E
w
h
ic
h
re
s
u
l
t
o
n
c
h
a
n
ges
t
o
i
np
u
t
c
urre
nt
a
s
k
in
cre
a
s
e
s.
A
s
the
R
E
l
oa
d ga
ins,
the
i
nf
l
u
e
n
ce of (
ω
M
)
2
d
i
mini
shes t
hat r
e
su
lts
o
n c
o
n
s
t
a
nt c
urre
nt s
u
p
p
ly fr
o
m
in
pu
t c
ur
r
e
n
t
at
v
a
r
yi
n
g
k
.
Thus,
t
h
e
v
a
ri
a
t
i
o
n
of
L
1
c
a
n
l
im
it
the
c
u
rre
nt
s
u
ppl
y
a
n
d
pr
eserve
t
he
M
O
S
F
ETs
i
n
i
nver
te
r
from
e
xce
e
d
i
n
g
t
he
ir m
axim
u
m
ra
t
in
g.
F
i
gure
6. N
orma
li
z
e
d
c
oi
l
cu
rr
ent and
i
t
s
ph
a
s
e a
n
g
l
e
c
h
ara
c
ter
is
tic
a
t
tw
o loa
d
c
o
n
d
i
tio
ns
base
d on r
a
ti
o
X
L1
/X
Lp
.
(
l
e
ft
k
= 0.
18
,
ri
g
h
t
k
= 0.
32
)
F
i
gure
7. Input
c
urre
nt
a
nd a
n
g
l
e
of in
p
u
t
i
mpeda
n
c
e
for
L
1
e
qu
a
l
t
o
1
4
0
µ
H
(
X
L1
/X
Lp
=
1.16
7)
F
i
gur
e
8
sh
ow
s
the
vo
l
t
a
g
e
ga
in
a
t
differen
t
L
1
w
here
t
he
p
ea
k
vo
lt
a
g
es
a
re
s
hi
f
t
i
n
g
to
h
igher
k
a
s
t
h
e
L
1
in
c
rea
s
e
s
but the pe
a
k v
o
l
t
a
g
e
gai
n
no
t
a
s
high as t
he l
ow
er
L
1
.
When
t
he
L
1
value i
ncr
e
m
e
nt from
140 µ
H
to
16
0
µH,
the
curr
ent
limit
va
lue
decli
n
e
almo
st
h
a
l
f.
T
he
s
i
g
nif
ican
t
chan
ge
i
s
due
t
o
t
h
e
hig
h
-qual
ity
f
a
c
t
o
r
in
th
e
prima
r
y
circuit,
w
he
re
t
he
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
p
r
i
m
ary
i
m
pedance
betw
e
e
n
t
he
i
m
a
ginary
p
ar
t
to
t
he
r
e
a
l
part
i
s
very
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
7
3
– 2
181
2
180
high.
T
hu
s,
t
h
e
c
ircuit
has
narrow
ba
nd
w
i
d
t
h
an
d
sens
iti
ve
t
o
a
ny
rea
c
tance
chang
e
i
nsi
d
e
t
h
e
circuit.
Ho
wev
e
r,
a
s
t
h
e
L
1
g
ains
f
rom
160
µ
H
t
o
18
0
µ
H
,
t
h
e
c
u
rr
ent
li
m
i
t
reduce
s
a
lmost
o
n
e
th
ird
or
3
0%
o
f
th
e
previo
us
v
a
l
ue.
A
t
t
hi
s
ti
m
e
,
the
coi
l
c
urrent
i
s
re
aching
to
t
h
e
s
a
t
ura
t
e
d
v
a
l
ue
o
f
t
h
e
indu
c
t
ive
re
g
i
on
as
i
f
t
h
e
L
1
v
alue
g
ain
m
o
re
,
the
coil
c
u
rrent
r
e
m
ains
c
onsiste
nt
t
o
a
spec
ific
v
al
u
e
a
s
illustrated
in
F
i
g
ure
5.
H
ence,
t
he
ma
xi
m
u
m
current rating of
M
O
S
F
ETs inverter deter
mines t
h
e
L
1
v
a
l
ue
s
in
this c
o
mp
ensat
i
o
n
network.
In
t
erm
s
o
f
efficienc
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
oposed
c
ompe
nsa
t
i
o
n
schem
e
i
s
ap
p
rox
i
mately
s
imilar
a
s
the
dou
ble-side
d
LC
C
and
be
tter
than de
t
u
n
i
ng of the
S
S
tec
hni
que.
Even t
h
o
ug
h
th
e c
om
pensated
i
n
duct
o
r
tunes to
o
ther value,
as t
o
ma
t
c
h
w
i
th
a
m
axim
u
m
c
ur
rent
r
atin
g
o
f
M
O
S
F
ETs
i
n
an
i
n
v
e
r
ter,
i
t
s
effi
c
i
e
n
c
y
r
em
ain
unchan
g
e
d.
T
hi
s
effi
c
i
e
n
cy
c
ha
racter
i
s
tic
i
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
ted
a
t
l
ow
b
at
tery
c
o
n
d
i
tion
;
for
this
c
a
s
e
,
R
E
i
s
eq
ua
l
t
o
5
Ω.
T
he
p
r
opose
d
com
p
ensation
efficie
n
cy
a
c
h
ie
ves
mor
e
t
han
8
0
%
when
t
he
c
o
upl
in
g
coeffi
c
i
e
n
t
h
i
g
h
er
t
han
0.
12
.
The
effi
c
i
e
n
cy
o
f
all
com
p
ensa
tion,
h
ow
e
v
er,
drops
w
h
e
n
the
R
E
i
nc
reases
due
t
o
t
h
e
pow
er
c
onsum
ed
by
th
e
ba
ttery
d
ecre
a
ses
a
t
f
ul
l
cha
r
ge
s
t
a
te.
Still
,
t
he
h
ig
hest
e
f
fi
ciency
i
s
S
S
t
u
n
e
c
o
m
p
ensatio
n
a
t
reso
n
an
t
.
F
i
gure
8. V
ol
ta
ge
gain a
t
t
hr
ee
d
i
ffere
n
t
p
a
ram
e
ters
o
f
L
1
(left
)
and Com
p
a
r
ison
of Effi
c
i
e
n
c
y betw
ee
n
propo
se
d
CLL/
S, doub
le-sid
e
d
LCC a
nd S
S
detu
ned
(righ
t)
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Th
is
p
a
p
er
p
ro
pose
d
a
d
et
u
n
e
d
c
ompe
nsa
tio
n
ne
tw
ork
t
o
s
ol
ve
t
he
overc
urre
nt
i
ss
ue
a
t
MO
S
F
ETs
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
d
u
r
i
ng
un
c
oup
l
e
d
a
n
d
h
i
gh
r
es
isto
r
lo
a
d
c
ond
it
ion
s
w
hi
le
m
ai
n
t
ain
i
ng
s
oft
sw
i
t
c
h
ing.
F
r
o
m
mutua
l
in
duc
ta
nce
eq
u
i
va
le
nt
c
i
r
cui
t
m
o
d
e
l
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
pr
i
m
ar
y
co
i
l
c
ur
rent
i
nfl
u
e
n
c
e
t
he
v
o
lta
g
e
e
xc
ita
t
i
on
l
e
v
el
a
t
the
rec
e
i
ver
c
o
il
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
curre
nt
i
ncr
eas
e
s
t
re
me
ndou
s
l
y
a
t
w
eak
c
o
u
p
l
in
g
a
nd
h
i
g
h
l
o
a
d
resis
t
or
v
a
l
ue
.
T
h
i
s
c
i
r
c
u
m
s
t
a
n
c
e
c
a
n
c
a
u
s
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
i
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
ur
rent
e
xc
ee
ds
i
t
s
m
axim
um
c
urrent
rati
ng.
T
he
p
ro
pos
ed
C
LL
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
a
t
t
he
p
rima
ry
s
ide
ca
n
c
ons
t
r
ai
n
the
i
npu
t
cur
r
ent
b
y
a
d
j
us
t
i
ng
the
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
tio
n
i
ndu
c
t
o
r
.
Th
e
si
mul
a
tio
n
an
al
ys
i
s
i
nd
i
cat
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
c
om
pe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
in
du
c
t
or
v
a
l
ue
m
u
s
t
be
hi
ghe
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
s
el
f-i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
c
oil
for
ZV
S
opera
t
i
on
i
n
M
O
S
F
E
T.
I
n
ter
m
s
of
e
ffic
ie
n
c
y,
t
he
p
ro
po
s
e
d
com
p
en
sat
i
o
n
of
fer
s
b
e
tter
eff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
t
ha
n
de
tu
ne
d
serie
s
-se
r
ie
s
c
o
mpe
n
sat
i
on
a
nd
a
l
m
o
s
t
eq
uiv
a
le
n
t
t
o
do
u
b
l
e
-s
ide
d
L
C
C
c
om
pen
s
at
i
on e
f
fic
i
e
n
c
y
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
Th
is
w
or
k
w
a
s
supp
or
t
e
d
b
y
t
he
M
i
n
i
s
tr
y
o
f
H
ighe
r
Ed
uc
at
i
on
(M
O
H
E
)
under
F
undam
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
sear
ch G
rant S
che
m
e
(F
R
G
S)
a
nd U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
Te
k
no
log
i
P
ETRO
N
A
S
(U
TP
).
REFE
RENCES
[1]
K.
A
.
Kalwar,
M
.
A
amir,
and
S.
M
ekh
i
le
f
,
“
Induct
i
vel
y
c
ou
pl
e
d
p
ow
er
t
ran
s
f
e
r
(ICPT
)
f
o
r
e
l
ectric
veh
i
cl
e
charg
i
n
g
- A review,”
Ren
e
wab
l
e
a
nd
Susta
in
ab
le E
n
erg
y
R
e
vi
ews
,
v
o
l. 47
, p
p. 4
62
–4
75
, 20
1
5
.
[2]
K.
A
d
itya,
V
.
K
.
S
ood,
a
nd
S
.
S.
W
illiams
on,
“
Magnet
i
c
Characte
rizat
ion
of
U
nsy
mmetr
i
c
al
C
oil
Pairs
U
s
i
n
g
Archi
m
edean
S
pi
rals
f
or
W
i
d
er
M
i
s
alignm
ent
T
o
leran
ce
i
n
I
P
T
S
y
s
te
ms
,
”
IEEE
Tr
ans
actio
n
s
o
n
T
r
an
sp
ort
a
t
i
o
n
Elect
rifi
cati
on
,
vol
.
3,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
454
–4
63
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3]
Z
.
B
i
,
T
.
K
a
n
,
C
.
C
h
r
i
s
,
Y
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
Z
.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
A
.
K
e
o
l
e
i
a
n
,
“
A
review
o
f
w
i
reless
p
ower
t
ransf
e
r
f
o
r
elect
r
ic
vehi
cles
:
Prospe
c
t
s
t
o enha
nce sust
a
i
nable mob
ilit
y,
”
App
lied Energy
,
vo
l.
1
79,
p
p
.
413
–4
25
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4]
D.
P
a
til
et al.
,
“Wi
r
eless
P
o
we
r
Tran
sf
er
f
or
V
eh
icul
ar
A
pplicatio
ns
:
O
verv
ie
w
an
d
Chal
leng
es,
”
v
ol.
4
,
no.
1
,
p
p
.
3
–3
7,
2
01
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
CL
L
/
S de
tu
ne
d
com
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
net
w
ork
f
o
r e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
v
e
hic
l
es
w
i
rele
ss c
h
a
r
g
i
ng … (
A
hm
ad
Fu
ad Ab
d
u
l Az
iz)
2
181
[5]
A.
A
l
i
,
M.
N
.
Y
a
sin,
M
.
F
.
C
.
H
u
sin
,
a
n
d
N.
A
.
A.
H
amb
a
li
,
“D
es
ig
n
and
anal
ys
is
o
f
2
-
coil
w
ire
l
ess
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
an
sfer
(W
PT)
u
s
i
ng
mag
n
et
ic
c
o
upl
in
g
t
echn
i
qu
e,
”
Int
e
rn
atio
na
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Power El
ectr
o
n
i
cs a
n
d
Dr
ive S
y
stem
s
(IJPED
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
10,
no.
2
,
p
.
61
1, 2
01
9.
[6]
Y.
H
.
So
h
n
,
B
.
H
.
Cho
i
,
E
.
S
.
Lee,
G
.
C.
L
im,
G.
H
.
Ch
o
,
a
nd
C
.
T
.
Rim,
“
General
Unif
ied
Analyses
o
f
T
w
o-
Ca
p
acit
o
r
Ind
u
cti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
an
s
f
er
S
y
s
te
m
s
:
Eq
ui
valen
ce
o
f
C
u
r
r
ent
-
S
o
urce
S
S
an
d
S
P
Com
p
ens
a
ti
on
s,”
IE
EE
T
r
an
sa
cti
ons o
n
P
o
wer Electro
nics
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
no.
1
1
,
p
p.
6
03
0–
60
4
5
,
20
15
.
[7]
Z.
U
.
Z
a
hid
et
a
l
.
,
“Mo
d
el
in
g
and
co
nt
ro
l
of
s
eries-s
e
ries
c
o
m
p
e
ns
ated
i
ndu
ctive
po
wer
tran
sfer
s
ys
tem,”
IEEE
Jour
na
l of Emergi
ng
an
d
S
e
lected
T
opics
in
Po
wer Elect
ro
n
i
cs
,
vol
.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
111
–1
23
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8]
P.
S
p
a
nik,
M
.
F
r
iv
a
l
dsky
,
M
.
P
i
r
i,
a
nd
V
.
Kin
d
l
,
“
Wire
le
ss
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
ans
f
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
r
ed
uced
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
tress
on
com
p
en
sat
i
on capaci
to
rs,”
IE
CO
N
Pro
cee
d
i
n
g
s
(Ind
u
s
t
ri
a
l
El
ectron
ics
Conferen
ce)
,
pp
.
1
1
9
0
–
119
5,
2
0
16.
[9]
B.
E
steb
an,
M.
S
id
-ahm
ed,
N
.
C
.
Kar,
a
nd
S
.
M
e
m
b
er,
“
A
C
om
parat
i
v
e
S
t
ud
y
o
f
P
ow
er
S
up
ply
A
r
chit
ectu
r
es
i
n
Wire
le
s
s
E
V Ch
a
r
ging
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
”
IEEE T
r
ansact
i
ons on
P
o
wer E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
30,
no.
1
1
,
p
p.
6
4
0
8–
64
22,
2
0
1
5
.
[10]
W.
Z
h
a
ng
a
nd
C
.
C.
M
i,
“
Com
p
en
satio
n
topo
lo
gies
o
f
h
i
g
h
-po
w
er
w
i
r
eless
po
wer
tran
sf
er
s
y
s
t
e
ms,”
IE
E
E
T
r
an
sa
cti
ons o
n
V
e
hicu
la
r T
ech
n
o
log
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
no.
6
,
pp.
4
7
6
8
–4778
,
2
01
6.
[11]
Y.
W
an
g
,
“
A
n
L
C
/
S
Co
mp
en
s
a
ti
on
T
o
p
o
l
ogy
and
Co
il
Desi
g
n
T
echn
iq
ue
f
or
W
i
r
eles
s
P
o
w
e
r
Transf
er,
”
vol.
33
,
n
o
.
3
, p
p.
2
00
7–
20
25
, 20
1
8
.
[12]
Y.
W
an
g,
H
.
W
a
ng,
T
.
Lian
g,
X
.
Zh
ang,
D
.
Xu
,
and
L
.
C
ai,
“
A
naly
s
i
s
a
n
d
d
e
sign
o
f
a
n
L
CC/S
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
te
d
reson
a
nt
c
on
verter
f
o
r
i
ndu
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
co
up
led
pow
er
t
ran
s
f
e
r,
”
2
0
1
7
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sp
o
r
ta
ti
on El
ec
trifi
c
at
ion Co
nfer
ence
and
Exp
o
,
As
ia
-Pacifi
c, ITEC Asi
a
-P
acific
201
7
,
p
p
. 0–
4
, 2
01
7.
[13]
Y.
W
an
g,
Y
.
Yao,
X
.
Liu,
a
n
d
D
.
Xu
,
“S
/CLC
C
om
p
e
ns
ation
To
po
lo
g
y
Analysis
a
nd
C
i
r
cular
Coi
l
D
esign
f
o
r
Wirel
e
s
s
Pow
er Trans
f
e
r,”
IEEE T
r
an
sa
cti
ons o
n
T
r
ans
port
a
tio
n
E
l
ectrifica
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
no.
2
,
p
p
.
496–
50
7,
201
7.
[14]
H
.
H
a
o
,
G
.
A
.
C
o
v
i
c
,
a
n
d
J
.
T
.
B
o
y
s
,
“
A
n
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
L
C
L
-
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
p
o
w
e
r
sup
pl
ie
s,”
IEEE T
r
ans
a
ct
ions on Power
E
l
ectr
o
nics
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
no
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
5554
–55
67
,
2
014
.
[15]
S
.
L
i
,
W
.
L
i
,
J
.
D
e
n
g
,
T
.
D
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
a
n
d
C
.
C
.
M
i
,
“
A
D
o
u
b
l
e
-
S
i
ded
L
CC
Compens
a
ti
on
N
etw
o
rk
a
n
d
I
ts
T
uning
M
e
th
od
f
or
W
ire
l
e
s
s
Po
we
r
Tra
n
sfe
r
,”
IEEE T
r
ansactio
ns on
Vehi
cul
a
r T
e
chno
lo
gy
,
v
o
l
.
64
,
no
.
6
,
pp.
2
2
6
1
–22
73
, 2
01
5.
[16]
A.
H
.
M.
D
obi,
M.
R
.
S
a
h
i
d,
a
nd
T
.
Suti
kn
o
,
“
O
v
erview
o
f
s
o
ft
-s
witc
hing
D
C-DC
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
s,”
Interna
t
ional
Jour
na
l of Powe
r
El
ectr
onics
an
d
Drive S
y
st
ems
,
vo
l.
9
,
no.
4
,
pp.
2
00
6–2
01
8,
2018.
[17]
Y
.
-
C
.
H
s
i
e
h
,
Z
.
-
R
.
L
i
n
,
M
.
-
C
.
C
h
e
n
,
H
.
-
C
.
H
s
i
e
h
,
Y
.-
C
.
L
i
u
,
a
n
d
H
.-J.
C
hiu,
“
Hig
h
-Effi
cien
cy
W
irel
ess
P
o
w
e
r
Trans
f
er
S
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
Electri
c
V
e
hi
cle
Appli
cati
o
n
s
,”
IE
E
E
Transacti
o
ns
on
Circuits and Sys
t
ems
II: Expres
s
Brief
s
,
vol
.
6
4
,
no
.
8,
pp.
9
42–
94
6,
2
0
17.
[18]
M.
K
im,
D.
M
.
J
o
o
,
a
n
d
B
.
K.
L
ee,
“
D
e
si
gn
an
d
Cont
rol
of
I
ndu
ct
i
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
ansf
er
S
ystem
f
o
r
El
ectric
V
e
h
i
cl
es
Cons
id
ering
Wide
V
ari
a
tio
n
of
O
u
t
put
V
olt
a
ge
a
nd
C
o
u
p
l
in
g
Co
e
f
f
ic
i
e
nt
,
”
IEEE T
r
ans
a
ct
ions on
Pow
e
r
Elect
ro
n
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
1197
–1
20
8,
2
01
9.
[19]
M.
A
.
N.
B
in
K
asi
r
an,
A.
B
in
P
onn
iran
,
A.
B
.
A
.
B
akar,
and
M
.
H
.
Bi
n
Yatim,
“4-L
evel
C
ap
a
c
i
t
o
r-Clam
p
ed
B
o
o
st
Conv
erter
With
H
ard-S
w
itch
in
g
an
d
S
o
f
t
-S
wit
c
hing
Im
p
l
em
en
t
a
tion
s,”
I
n
te
r
n
a
t
io
na
l J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r E
l
e
c
tr
on
ic
s
and
Drive
Syst
e
m
s
,
v
o
l.
10,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p.
2
8
8–2
99
, 2
01
9.
[20]
T.
D
i
e
kh
ans
and
R.
W
.
De
D
oncker,
“
A
D
u
a
l
-S
i
d
e
Contro
lled
I
n
d
u
c
ti
ve
P
o
w
er
T
ran
s
f
e
r
S
y
s
t
em
O
ptim
i
zed
f
or
Large
Cou
p
l
i
ng
F
a
c
t
or
V
ari
a
ti
o
n
s
and
P
a
rti
a
l
Lo
ad,
”
IEE
E
Transa
c
ti
ons on
P
o
wer
E
l
ectr
onics
,
v
o
l
.
30,
n
o.
1
1
,
pp.
6
3
2
0
–63
28
, 2
01
5.
[21]
H.
F
en
g,
T
.
Cai,
S
.
D
u
an,
X.
Z
h
a
ng
,
H
.
H
u,
a
nd
J.
N
i
u
,
“
A
D
ual
-
Side-D
etu
n
ed
S
eries
-
S
e
ri
es
C
o
m
pen
s
ated
R
eso
n
an
t
Co
n
v
e
r
te
r
fo
r
Wide
C
ha
rg
in
g
R
e
gion
i
n
a
Wire
le
ss
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
s
fe
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
IEEE Tran
s
a
ctions on Industri
a
l
Elect
ro
n
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
2177
–2
18
8,
2
01
8.
[22]
H.
S
.
M
.
D
ri
ver,
“
Research
o
n
O
v
ercurren
t
D
etec
t
i
on
a
n
d
P
rotect
io
n
of
,
”
IEC
O
N 2
0
1
8
- 44
th
Ann
u
al
Co
nfe
r
e
n
c
e
of
the
IEEE
Ind
u
stria
l
Electr
onics
S
o
ciet
y
, v
o
l
. 1
,
p
p
. 1
47
1–
14
7
6
.
[23]
Q
.
Z
h
u
,
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
C
.
L
i
a
o
,
“
C
om
p
e
ns
ate
Cap
acit
o
r
Optim
i
zati
o
n
f
o
r
Kilowatt
-Lev
el
M
a
gnet
i
cal
l
y
Reso
nan
t
Wirel
e
s
s
Chargi
n
g System,”
IEEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
ions on
Ind
u
stri
al El
e
c
tr
on
ics
,
vol.
61,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
7
58–67
68
,
2
014
.
[24]
H.
L
i,
J
.
Li,
K.
W
an
g
,
W
.
Chen
,
an
d
X
.
Y
ang
,
“
A
m
a
xim
u
m
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
po
in
t
tr
a
c
k
in
g
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
h
e
me
f
o
r
w
ir
e
l
e
s
s
pow
er
t
ransf
e
r
sy
stems
u
s
i
ng
m
a
gn
etic
r
eso
n
ant
co
up
lin
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
an
sa
cti
ons o
n
Po
wer
Elect
ronics
,
v
o
l.
3
0,
no.
7
,
pp.
3
9
9
8
–40
08
, 2
01
5.
[25]
Z
.
L
i
,
K
.
S
o
n
g
,
J
.
J
i
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
C
.
Z
h
u
,
“
C
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
Ef
ficien
cy
T
rack
in
g
Con
t
ro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
or
S
u
p
ercap
aci
to
r
Wirel
e
ss
C
hargi
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
an
sa
ctio
ns
on
Po
wer E
l
ectr
onics
,
vo
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
10,
pp.
9
0
8
8
–91
00
, 2
01
8.
[26]
C.
L
i
et al.
,
“
A
N
ov
el
C
o
m
p
e
nsat
io
n
To
polo
gy
f
o
r
In
ductiv
ely
Co
up
led
P
o
wer
Trans
f
er,”
i
n
4
2
An
nu
al
co
nfer
ence
of th
e IEEE
i
n
d
u
st
ri
a
l
El
ectr
oni
c
s
soci
e
t
y,
IECO
N 2
0
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
, p
p. 2–
6
, 2
01
6.
[27]
G.
B
uja,
M
.
Berto
l
u
zzo,
an
d
K.
N
.
M
u
de,
“
D
esign
and
E
xperiment
a
tio
n
o
f
W
PT
C
h
a
rger
f
or
E
l
ectric
City
C
ar,”
vol
.
6
2
,
no
.
12
,
pp.
743
6–
74
47
,
2
0
15
.
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