Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
,
pp
. 70
~76
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
70
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Analysis of Binary DC Source
Reduced Switch 7-l
e
vel In
verter
V. Aru
n
*,
B. Shanthi
**, M.
Arumu
g
am
*
* Department of
Electrical and
Engin
eer
ing,
Arunai Engineering
College, India
** Centr
a
lised
I
n
strumentation
and Service
Labo
rator
y
, Annamala
i Univ
ersit
y
,
In
dia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Nov 7, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Jan
1, 2
015
Accepte
d
Ja
n 15, 2015
This paper prop
oses a binar
y
DC s
ource reduced switch 7-level inverter.
Binar
y
DC source reduced switch inverter
is trig
gered b
y
th
e Unipolar PW
M
strateg
y
hav
i
ng sinusoidal and tr
apezo
idal r
e
ference with triangu
lar carr
i
ers
.
These pulse wi
dth m
odulating
(PWM)
st
rategi
es include ph
ase disposition
(PD), alt
e
rnat
e
phase oppositio
n disposition (
A
POD), carrier
overlapp
i
ng
(CO). Performance factors like tota
l harmonic distortion (
T
HD), VRMS
(fundamental) and crest factor are eval
u
a
ted for
various modulation indices
.
Simulations were performed using
MATLAB-SIMULINK. It is observed
that UPDPW
M
strateg
y
wi
th
trape
z
oi
dal ref
e
rence prov
ides
output with
rela
tive
l
y low di
stortion and UC
OPWM strateg
y
with trap
ezoid
a
l
refer
e
nc
e
provides relatively
high
er f
und
amental RMS output voltage.
Keyword:
AP
OD
CO
PD
PW
M
THD
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
V.
Ar
un
,
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Ar
un
ai
En
gi
ne
eri
n
g C
o
l
l
e
ge,
Vel
u
Na
gar
,
Ti
ru
va
nnam
a
l
a
i
60
6
6
0
3
,
Tam
i
lnad
u,
I
n
di
a
Em
a
il: v
a
run
p
s
e@yaho
o.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
Th
e m
a
in
fu
n
c
tio
n
of a
m
u
ltil
ev
el in
v
e
rter is to
p
r
odu
ce a desired
ac vo
ltag
e
wav
e
fo
rm
fro
m
sev
e
ral
l
e
vel
s
o
f
dc
v
o
l
t
a
ges. T
h
ese
d
c
v
o
l
t
a
ges m
a
y
or
m
a
y
not
be e
qual
t
o
o
n
e
an
ot
he
r.
The
ac v
o
l
t
a
ge
p
r
od
uce
d
fr
om
t
h
ese dc
vol
t
a
ges a
p
p
r
oache
s
a si
nus
oi
d. Lai
A
g
hd
am
et
al
[1]
anal
y
zed va
ri
o
u
s
m
u
l
t
i
carri
er P
W
M
m
e
t
hods
fo
r as
ym
m
e
t
r
i
c
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nvert
e
r
.
Ari
f
et
al
[
2
]
pr
o
pose
d
a m
odi
fi
ed casca
de
d m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nvert
e
r
wi
t
h
red
u
ce
d s
w
i
t
c
h c
o
unt
e
m
pl
oy
i
ng by
pa
ss di
ode
. B
a
hr
El
di
n et
al
[
3
]
devel
ope
d
a
ne
w m
u
l
t
i
carri
er
base
d
pwm
fo
r m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
co
n
v
ert
e
r
.
B
e
ns
ra
j a
n
d
Nat
a
ra
jan
[
4
]
pr
o
pose
d
t
r
ape
z
oi
dal
pwm
st
rat
e
gi
es
fo
r a
si
ngl
e
p
h
a
se fiv
e
level cascad
ed
inv
e
rter. Ceg
lia e al [5
] d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
A n
e
w sim
p
l
i
fied
m
u
ltil
ev
el in
v
e
rter to
po
log
y
for DC-AC con
v
e
rsion
.
Eh
san
Naj
a
fi
et al [6
] u
n
d
e
r took
a d
e
sign
and
im
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
a n
e
w m
u
ltilev
e
l
in
v
e
rter topo
log
y
. Ju
an
Dixon
et al [7
]
p
r
op
o
s
ed
as
ymm
e
trical
m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter fo
r
tractio
n
d
r
i
v
es u
s
ing
o
n
l
y on
e
d
c
sup
p
l
y. M
u
ru
gesan
et al [8
] in
tro
d
u
c
ed
a
n
e
w
m
u
l
tilev
e
l in
v
e
rter topo
log
y
usin
g
less
nu
m
b
er of
swi
t
c
hes.
M
o
ndal
et
al
[9]
d
e
vel
o
ped
a r
e
d
u
ced
swi
t
c
h-c
o
unt
fi
ve
-l
evel
i
nve
rt
er
wi
t
h
c
o
m
m
on-m
ode v
o
l
t
a
ge
el
im
i
n
at
i
on
fo
r
an
o
p
e
n
-e
nd
wi
n
d
i
n
g i
n
d
u
c
t
i
on m
o
t
o
r
d
r
i
v
e. R
a
bi
y
a
R
a
shee
d i
n
[
1
0]
i
n
t
r
od
uce
d
a
re
duce
d
switch
m
u
ltile
v
e
l to
po
log
y
for driv
es ap
plicatio
n
.
Ro
k
a
n
et al [1
1
]
d
i
scu
s
sed
n
e
w
m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
wi
t
h
red
u
ce
d n
u
m
b
er o
f
swi
t
c
h
e
s.
Su
jana
r
ko i
n
[
12]
i
n
t
r
o
duce
d
adva
nce
d
car
r
i
er base
d p
u
l
s
e
wi
dt
h
m
odul
at
i
on i
n
asym
m
e
t
r
i
c
cascade
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nve
rt
er.
M
u
r
uges
a
n i
n
[1
3]
pr
o
pose
d
seve
n l
e
vel
m
odi
fi
ed
cascade
d
i
n
ver
t
er fo
r i
n
d
u
ct
i
o
n m
o
t
o
r d
r
i
v
e
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns. T
h
am
i
z
hsel
van
and
Sey
ezhai
[
14]
di
scusse
d a
no
ve
l
p
w
m
h
ybrid m
u
l
tilev
e
l
in
verter for fu
el cell
ap
p
lica
tion
.
Naku
l
et
al
[1
5
]
propo
sed
a twen
ty o
n
e lev
e
l
m
u
l
tilev
e
l in
v
e
rter with
redu
ced
switch
an
d
sou
r
ce. Gn
an
a Prak
ash
et al [1
6
]
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a n
e
w st
ru
ct
u
r
e
m
u
l
tilev
e
l
in
verter with
redu
ced
switch
.
Th
is p
a
p
e
r p
r
esen
ts a
sing
le ph
ase
b
i
n
a
ry
DC sou
r
ce sev
e
n
lev
e
l
i
nve
rt
er t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
f
o
r
i
n
vest
i
g
at
i
on
usi
n
g
u
n
i
pol
a
r
P
W
M
c
o
nt
r
o
l
st
rat
e
gi
es
. Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
ons
were
pe
rf
orm
e
d
usi
n
g
MATLAB
-
SIMULINK. Ha
rm
onic analysis
an
d eval
uat
i
on
o
f
di
f
f
ere
n
t
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce m
easures f
o
r
vari
ous
m
odul
at
i
on i
n
d
i
ces ha
ve
been
carri
ed
o
u
t
a
n
d
p
r
esent
e
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Analysis of Bi
nary
DC
Source
Reduce
d
Switch
7-level Invert
e
r n (V. Ar
un)
71
2.
PROP
OSE
D
RED
UCE
D
SW
I
T
C
H
SE
VEN
LEVEL
INVE
RTER
The p
r
o
p
o
se
d i
nve
rt
er
di
ffe
rs
fr
om
conve
nt
i
onal
i
n
vert
e
r
b
y
pecul
i
a
ri
t
y
of
havi
n
g
bi
nary
di
st
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
of
v
o
l
t
a
ge s
o
u
r
ces. Th
e ge
ne
r
a
l
st
ruct
u
r
e
of
pr
o
pose
d
i
n
ve
r
t
er i
s
sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
gu
re
1. T
h
i
s
i
nve
rt
er
havi
n
g
t
w
o
con
v
e
r
si
o
n
cel
l
and
O
n
e H B
r
i
d
ge. Eac
h
c
o
nve
rsi
o
n cel
l
c
onsi
s
t
s
of
o
n
l
y
one
act
i
v
e s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng el
em
ent
and
one
by
pass
di
o
d
e a
nd
o
n
e
vol
t
a
ge so
u
r
ce. T
h
e s
w
i
t
c
hes
(S
1 a
nd
S2
) a
nd
di
o
d
es
(D
1 a
n
d D
2
) p
r
od
uce
onl
y
uni
pol
a
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
, H b
r
i
d
ge ci
r
c
ui
t
m
a
kes out
put
vol
t
a
ge i
n
bot
h t
h
e p
o
l
a
ri
t
y
. Thi
s
t
y
pe o
f
i
nve
rt
er c
o
n
s
i
s
t
of
two
un
equ
a
l DC
vo
ltag
e
with
R
lo
ad.
V
dc
2V
dc
S
1
S
2
D2
D1
A
2
B
1
B
2
A
1
LO
A
D
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
i
nar
y
DC
s
o
u
r
ce M
L
I
In
bi
na
ry
DC
so
urce M
L
I,
out
put
vol
t
a
ge
l
e
vel
i
s
seve
n, i
f
n
num
ber o
f
H
-
bri
d
ge
m
odul
e
has
i
nde
pen
d
e
n
t
D
C
so
urces
i
n
se
que
nce
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
of
2, a
n
expect
e
d
out
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge
l
e
vel
i
s
gi
ve
n as:
1
21
,
1
,
2
.
.
n
n
Vn
(1)
3.
UNIPOLAR PULSE WIDTH
MODUL
A
TION
SCHEME
In
th
is section
,
it is ex
p
l
ain
e
d
th
e resu
l
t
s o
f
research an
d
at th
e sam
e
ti
me
is
g
i
v
e
n
the
com
p
rehe
nsi
v
e
di
scus
si
o
n
. R
e
sul
t
s
can
be
pr
esent
e
d i
n
fi
gu
res,
gra
p
hs, t
a
b
l
es and
ot
hers t
h
at
m
a
ke t
h
e r
eade
r
un
de
rst
a
n
d
eas
i
l
y
[2]
,
[5]
.
Th
e di
scussi
on c
a
n be m
a
de i
n
several
s
u
b
-
c
h
apt
e
rs. T
h
e sc
hem
e
uses a uni
p
o
l
a
r
si
ne and t
r
a
p
ez
oi
dal
as
m
odul
at
i
ng si
gnal
an
d t
r
i
a
ng
ul
ar as
carri
ers
.
In t
h
i
s
P
W
M
schem
e
, t
r
i
a
ng
ul
ar car
ri
ers
are com
p
ared
with rectified
sine and tra
p
e
z
oidal re
fe
re
nc
e. The inte
rsec
tion bet
w
een t
h
e unipolar
reference
signal a
nd t
h
e
carrier
signals
defi
nes the s
w
i
t
ching inst
ant
of t
h
e PWM pulse. T
h
e
m
u
ltiple carriers
us
ed are
p
o
s
ition
e
d
abov
e zero
lev
e
l an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r o
f
carriers is d
e
p
e
nd
en
t
o
n
t
h
e ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
lev
e
ls. Fo
r
an
m
-
level inverte
r
,
(m
-1)/2 car
rier
s with the sam
e
freque
ncy
f
c
and t
h
e sam
e
am
pl
it
ude A
c
are di
s
pose
d
. T
h
e
refe
rence
wa
v
e
fo
rm
has pe
ak-t
o-
peak
am
pl
i
t
ude
A
m
an
d f
r
e
que
ncy
f
m
. The refe
re
nce i
s
c
ont
i
n
uo
usl
y
com
p
ared
with each
of the
c
a
rrier si
gnals.
If the
re
fere
nc
e is greater than a carrier si
gnal, t
h
e
n
the
active
device c
o
rres
ponding to t
h
at carrier is s
w
itched
on; and if
the refe
re
nce is less than a c
a
rrier si
gnal, t
h
en t
h
e
active device corres
ponding to
that carrier is
switched off. There a
r
e
m
a
ny alternative strategies are possible,
so
m
e
o
f
th
em
are tried in
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r and
th
ey
are:
a.
Un
i
p
o
l
ar Ph
ase d
i
sp
o
s
ition
PWM strateg
y
(UPDPW
M
)
.
b.
U
n
i
p
o
l
ar
A
ltern
ate ph
ase oppo
sitio
n d
i
sp
ositio
n
PW
M
strat
e
g
y
(U
APOD
PWM).
c.
Uni
pol
a
r
C
a
r
r
i
e
r ove
rl
ap
pi
n
g
P
W
M
st
r
a
t
e
gy
(UC
O
P
W
M
)
.
Th
e
form
u
l
ae to
find
th
e Am
p
litu
d
e
of m
o
dulatio
n
ind
i
ces are as
fo
llo
ws:
Fo
r UPDPW
M
,
UA
POD
P
WM:
2/
(
1
)
)
am
c
mA
m
A
(2)
For
UC
OP
W
M
:
/(
2
*
)
am
c
mA
A
(3)
The fre
quency ratio
m
f
are
as
follows:
/
f
cm
mf
f
(4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
IJPE
DS
V
o
l
.
6, N
o
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
7
0
– 76
72
3.
1.
Uni
p
ol
ar Ph
as
e
Di
sp
osi
t
i
o
n PWM
(
U
P
D
P
W
M
)
The t
r
i
a
n
gul
a
r
carri
ers
of sam
e
am
pl
i
t
ude and fre
q
u
ency are disposed s
u
c
h
that bands they occupy
are con
tig
uou
s. Th
e carrier arran
g
e
m
e
n
t
for bin
a
ry DC
source m
u
ltilev
e
l in
v
e
rter
h
a
v
i
ng
Sin
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
referen
c
e
an
d Trap
ezo
i
dal are illu
strated
in Figure
2
& 3 resp
ectiv
el
y.
Figu
re
2.
Carri
er ar
ra
ngem
e
nt f
o
r
UP
DP
WM
strategy
wi
t
h
si
nus
oi
dal
refe
re
nce (m
a=0.
9 a
n
d
m
f
=40)
Figu
re
3.
Carri
er ar
ra
ngem
e
nt f
o
r
UP
DP
WM
strategy
with T
r
apez
oi
d
a
l refe
rence
(m
a
=0.9 a
n
d m
f
=40)
3.
2.
Unip
olar Alte
rna
t
ive
P
h
a
s
e Opp
o
sitio
n
Dispositi
o
n PW
M (U
APO
D
P
W
M
)
C
a
rri
ers f
o
r bi
nary
DC
so
u
r
c
e
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nvert
er
havi
ng
Si
nus
oi
dal
refe
rence a
nd T
r
a
p
ezoi
d
al
are
illu
strated
in Fig
u
re
4
& 5 resp
ectiv
ely. The triang
u
l
ar
carriers of sam
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
are
p
h
a
se
d
i
sp
laced
fro
m
each
othe
r
by 180 de
grees alte
rnately.
Figu
re
4
.
Car
r
i
er ar
ran
g
em
ent fo
r
UA
PO
DP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
si
nus
oi
dal
re
fere
nce
(m
a
=0.9 a
n
d
m
f
=40)
Figu
re
5
.
Car
r
i
er ar
ran
g
em
ent fo
r
UA
PO
DP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
T
r
apez
oi
dal
re
f
e
rence
(m
a
=0.9 and
m
f
=40)
3.
3.
Unipolar
Car
r
ier Overl
apping P
W
M (UCOP
W
M)
C
a
rri
ers f
o
r bi
nary
DC
so
u
r
c
e
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
vel
i
nvert
er
havi
ng
Si
nus
oi
dal
refe
rence a
nd T
r
a
p
ezoi
d
al
are
illu
strated
in
Fig
u
re 6 &
7
resp
ectiv
ely. In carrier
ov
erlap
p
i
n
g
techn
i
que, carriers
o
f
sa
m
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
and
fre
que
ncy
a
r
e
di
sp
ose
d
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
ba
nds
t
h
ey
occ
upy
o
v
erl
a
p eac
h
ot
her;
t
h
e
ove
rl
a
ppi
ng
ve
rt
i
cal
di
st
ance
betwee
n eac
h c
a
rrier is A
c
/2
.
Figu
re
6
.
Ca
rr
ier ar
ran
g
em
ent fo
r
UCOP
W
M
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
si
nus
oi
dal
re
fere
nce(m
a
=0.9 and
m
f
=40)
Figu
re
7.
Carri
er ar
ra
ngem
e
nt f
o
r
UCO
P
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
T
r
apez
oi
dal
re
f
e
rence
(m
a=0.
9 a
n
d
m
f
=40)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Analysis of Bi
nary
DC
Source
Reduce
d
Switch
7-level Invert
e
r n (V. Ar
un)
73
4.
SIMULATION RESULT
The si
ngl
e
ph
ase bi
na
ry
DC
sou
r
ce se
ve
n
l
e
vel
i
nve
rt
er i
s
m
odel
e
d i
n
SIM
U
L
I
NK
u
s
i
ng
p
o
we
r
syste
m
b
l
o
c
k
set. Switch
i
n
g
sig
n
a
ls
fo
r
b
i
n
a
ry m
u
ltile
v
e
l in
v
e
rter using
UPW
M
strateg
i
es are simu
lated
.
Sim
u
l
a
t
i
ons w
e
re per
f
o
r
m
e
d fo
r di
f
f
ere
n
t
v
a
l
u
es of m
a
rangi
ng f
r
o
m
0.8 t
o
1 and t
h
e c
o
r
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g %TH
D
are m
easured usi
n
g t
h
e FFT
bl
ock a
nd t
h
e
i
r val
u
es are s
h
o
w
n i
n
Tabl
e
1. Ne
xt
t
a
bl
e di
spl
a
y
s
t
h
e V
RMS
of
fu
n
d
am
ent
a
l
o
f
i
nve
rt
er o
u
t
put
f
o
r sam
e
m
odul
at
i
o
n i
ndi
ces
. Tabl
e
3 and
4 di
s
p
l
a
y
respect
i
v
el
y
t
h
e
cor
r
es
po
n
d
i
n
g
C
r
est
Fact
or
(C
F) a
nd
Di
st
ort
i
o
n Fact
or
(DF
)
of t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
Fi
gu
re 8
(
a) a
nd
(b
)
respect
i
v
el
y
s
h
ows t
h
e se
ven
l
e
vel
out
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge ge
nera
t
e
d
by
UP
DP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
Si
nus
oi
dal
refe
renc
e
an
d its FFT plo
t
. Figur
e
9
(
a)
an
d (b
) r
e
sp
ectiv
ely show
s the sev
e
n
lev
e
l ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
g
e
ner
a
t
e
d
b
y
UPDPW
M
strateg
y
with
Trapezo
id
al
re
fere
n
ce an
d its FFT
plot.
Fig
u
re
1
0
(a
) an
d
(b
) r
e
spectively
sh
o
w
s the
seve
n l
e
vel
o
u
t
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d by
UA
PO
DP
W
M
st
r
a
t
e
gy
wi
t
h
Si
n
u
soi
d
al
re
fere
n
ce and
i
t
s
FFT
pl
ot
.
Fi
gu
re
11
(a) a
nd
(
b
)
respect
i
v
el
y
sh
ows t
h
e
seve
n l
e
vel
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
g
e
nerat
e
d by
U
A
P
O
D
P
W
M
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
Tra
p
ez
oi
dal
refe
re
nce a
nd i
t
s
FF
T pl
o
t
. Fi
gu
re
12
(a)
and
(b
) re
spec
t
i
v
el
y
sho
w
s t
h
e se
ven l
e
vel
out
pu
t
vol
t
a
ge
ge
ner
a
t
e
d by
UC
OP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
Si
nus
oi
da
l
refere
nce a
n
d i
t
s
FFT
pl
ot
.
Fi
gu
re
1
3
(a
)
and
(
b
)
resp
ectiv
ely sh
ows th
e seven
lev
e
l ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
g
e
n
e
rated
b
y
UCOPW
M
st
rateg
y
with
Trap
ezo
i
d
al
refe
rence
an
d i
t
s FFT
pl
ot
.
The f
o
l
l
o
wi
ng
param
e
t
e
r val
u
es are used
fo
r
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on:
V
DC
=50 V, R
(l
oad
)
= 10
0 o
h
m
s, f
c
=2
000
Hz a
n
d
f
m
=50Hz.
Fi
gu
re
8(a
)
.
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
g
e
nerat
e
d
by
U
P
DP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
S
i
nus
oi
dal
refe
r
e
nce
Fi
gu
re 8(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UP
DP
W
M
stra
tegy
with
Sin
u
s
oidal
refe
ren
c
e
Fi
g.
ure
9
(
a)
.
Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d
by
UP
DP
W
M
stra
tegy
with
Tra
p
ezoidal
refe
ren
ce
Fi
gu
re 9(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UP
DP
W
M
stra
tegy
with
Tra
p
ezoidal
refe
ren
ce
Fi
gu
re
1
0
(a
).
Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d by
UA
PO
DP
WM
strategy
Sin
u
s
o
idal refe
re
nce
Fi
gu
re 1
0
(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UA
PO
DP
WM
st
rat
e
gy
wi
t
h
S
i
nus
oi
dal
refe
r
e
nce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
IJPE
DS
V
o
l
.
6, N
o
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
7
0
– 76
74
Fi
gu
re 1
1
(a
). Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d by
UA
PO
DP
WM
strategy
Tra
p
e
z
oidal refe
renc
e
Fi
gu
re 1
1
(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UA
PO
DP
WM
strategy
with
T
r
apez
oidal
refe
rence
Fi
gu
re 1
2
(a
). Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d by
UCOP
WM
st
r
a
tegy
with
Sin
u
soi
d
al re
fere
n
ce
Fi
gu
re 1
2
(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UCOP
WM
st
r
a
tegy
with
Sin
u
soi
d
al re
fere
n
ce
Fi
gu
re 1
3
(a
). Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d by
UCOP
WM
st
r
a
tegy
with
Tra
p
ezoi
d
al re
fere
nce
Fi
gu
re 1
3
(
b
)
.
F
F
T pl
ot
f
o
r out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge of
UCOP
WM
st
r
a
tegy
with
Tra
p
ezoi
d
al re
fere
nce
It
i
s
obse
r
ved
fr
om
Tabl
e , that
t
h
e ha
rm
oni
c co
nt
ent
o
f
out
put
vol
t
a
g
e
s i
s
l
east
wi
th U
P
D
P
WM
strateg
y
with
trap
ezo
i
d
al referen
ce p
r
ov
id
es
relativ
ely lo
wer %THD for mo
st o
f
m
a
. Fr
o
m
Tab
l
e , i
t
is
f
ound
th
at UCOPWM strateg
y
with
trap
ezo
i
d
a
l referen
ce prov
i
d
e h
i
gh
er DC b
u
s
u
tilizatio
n
.
CF is relativ
el
y eq
u
a
l
for all th
e strat
e
g
i
es
(Tab
le 3). %
DF relatively lo
w i
n
UP
DP
W
M
strate
g
y
with si
nu
soi
d
al re
fere
nce.
(Table
4)
.
For
m
a
= 0
.
9, i
t
is o
b
serv
ed
fr
o
m
th
e Figu
r
e
8
(
b)
,
9
(
b)
,
10
(b
), 11(
b)
,
12
(b)
,
and
13(
b)
the h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
ener
gy
i
s
d
o
m
i
nant
i
n
:
a)
2
7
th
and
3
9
th
or
de
r
in UP
DP
WM
with Sin
u
s
o
ida
l
refere
nce a
n
d
5
th
, 27
th
, a
nd
3
9
th
of
Trapez
oidal re
fere
nce.
b) 31
st
, 33
rd
, 37
th
a
n
d
39
th
in
UAPODPW
M
with Sinu
so
id
al
referen
c
e and
5
th
, 31
st
,
33
rd
, 37
th
an
d
39
th
o
f
Tra
p
ez
oidal refe
re
nce
.
c) 3
rd
, 5
th
, 37
th
and 3
9
th
i
n
U
C
OP
W
M
wi
t
h
Si
nus
oi
dal
re
f
e
rence
and 5
th
, 37
th
a
n
d
39
th
o
f
T
r
ape
z
oidal refe
renc
e.
Tabl
e
1.
% T
H
D
f
o
r
Di
f
f
er
e
n
t
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
on
In
di
ces
m
a
UPDP
WM
UAP
ODP
W
M
UCOPWM
Sinusoid
al Ref
.
Trapez
oid
a
l
Re
f.
Sinusoid
al Ref
.
Trapez
oid
al Ref.
Sinusoid
al Ref
.
Trapez
oida
l Re
f.
1
18.
01
15.
06
18.
24
15.
60
22.
88
20.
83
0.
9
22.
28
21.
61
22.
22
21.
18
27.
50
25.
68
0.
8
24.
15
24.
66
24.
13
24.
83
32.
31
30.
26
0.
7
24.
79
23.
66
24.
78
23.
88
40.
26
37.
92
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Analysis of Bi
nary
DC
Source
Reduce
d
Switch
7-level Invert
e
r n (V. Ar
un)
75
Tabl
e 2.
V
RMS
fo
r Diffe
re
nt M
o
d
u
lation
I
n
dices
m
a
UPDP
WM
UAP
ODP
W
M
UCOPWM
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oida
l Ref.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oidal
Ref.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oida
l Ref.
1
105.
8
111.
7
105.
8
111.
5
109
112.
9
0.
9
95.
13
100.
1
95.
04
100.
2
99.
61
104
0.
8 84.
32
88.
95
84.
21
88.
78
89.
59
94.
24
0.
7 73.
45
77.
62
73.
57
77.
52
76.
46
81.
91
Tabl
e 3.
C
r
est
Fact
or
F
o
r Di
f
f
e
rent
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
di
ces
m
a
UPDP
WM
UAP
ODP
W
M
UCOPWM
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oidal
Ref.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oidal
Ref.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oida
l Ref.
1 1.
4149
3
1.
4145
0
1.
4139
8
1.
4143
4
1.
4137
6
1.
4145
2
0.
9 1.
4138
5
1.
4145
8
1.
4141
4
1.
4151
6
1.
4145
1
1.
4144
2
0.
8 1.
4136
6
1.
4142
7
1.
4143
2
1.
4147
3
1.
4142
2
1.
4144
7
0.
7 1.
4145
6
1.
4145
8
1.
4136
1
1.
4138
2
1.
4138
1
1.
4137
4
Tabl
e 4.
% Di
st
ort
i
o
n
Fact
or
fo
r di
ffe
re
nt
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
di
c
e
s
m
a
UPDP
WM
UAP
ODP
W
M
UCOPWM
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oid
al Ref
.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oidal
Ref.
Sinusoidal
Ref.
Trapez
oidal
Ref.
1
0.
019
0.
178
0.
041
0.
172
0.
190
0.
302
0.
9 0.
019
0.
146
0.
047
0.
169
0.
396
0.
413
0.
8 0.
031
0.
170
0.
028
0.
160
0.
699
0.
674
0.
7 0.
029
0.
168
0.
023
0.
158
0.
850
0.
843
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Thi
s
pa
per
has
pr
op
ose
d
a bi
nary
DC
s
o
urc
e
red
u
ced s
w
i
t
ch 7
-
l
e
vel
i
n
ve
rt
er, a
nd
has
o
b
ser
v
e
d
t
h
at
UP
DP
W
M
st
ra
t
e
gy
wi
t
h
t
r
ape
z
oi
dal
re
fere
nc
e pr
ovi
des o
u
t
put
wi
t
h
rel
a
t
i
v
el
y
l
o
w di
st
or
t
i
on an
d UC
O
P
W
M
strateg
y
with trap
ezo
i
d
al referen
ce
p
r
ov
id
es
relativ
ely h
i
g
h
e
r fun
d
a
m
e
n
t
al RMS ou
tpu
t
vo
ltag
e
.
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
V.Arun was born in 1986
in S
a
lem. He has ob
tain
ed B.Tech
(
E
lectrical
and Electron
i
cs)
and
M.E
(Power S
y
stems) degrees in 200
7 and 2009 resp
ectiv
ely
f
r
om SRM University
,
Chennai, India and
Sona College o
f
Techno
log
y
, Sale
m, India. He h
a
s been working
in the teaching
field for
about 5
ye
ars
.
His
ar
eas
of int
e
res
t
inc
l
u
d
e power
el
ect
ro
nics
, d
i
gia
l
ele
c
t
r
onics
and
powe
r
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
He ha
s
20 publications
in intern
ational j
ournals. He has
presented
15 techni
cal pap
e
rs in
various national
/
intern
ation
a
l con
f
erenc
e
s. Curren
t
l
y
, he is workin
g
a
s
As
sista
n
t Profe
ssor in
the Department of EEE,
Arunai Engineer
ing Colleg
e
, Tir
uvannamalai. H
e
is
a life m
e
m
b
er of Indian S
o
c
i
et
y for T
echni
c
a
l
Education. Contact
number- +91
-
9500218228.
E-m
a
il:v
arunpse@
y
a
hoo
.com
.
B.Shanthi was
born in 197
0 in Chidamb
a
ram.
She has
obtain
e
d B.E (Electronics
and
Instrumentation)
and M.Tech (
I
nstrument Tec
hnolog
y
)
from Annamalai University
and Ind
i
an
Institute of Sci
e
nce, Bangalore
in 1991 and
19
98
respectivel
y
.
She obtained h
e
r Ph.D in Pow
e
r
Electronics from Annamalai University
in
2009.
She is pr
esently
a Professor in Centr
a
l
Instrumentation Service
Laborator
y
of Annam
a
lai Universit
y
where she has put in a total servic
e of
21
y
e
ars since 1
992.Her resear
c
h
papers (11) have
been pr
esen
ted in various /
IEEE in
terna
tio
nal
/nation
a
l conf
ere
n
ces. She has 4
public
ations in natio
n
a
l journal and 50 in inte
rnational journals. Her
areas of in
ter
e
st
are: m
odel
i
ng, si
m
u
lation and
int
e
llig
ent
control
f
o
r invert
ers. Con
t
ac
t num
ber- +9
1-
9443185211.
Em
ail:
s
h
ancis
l
@gm
a
il.com
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.