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Bru
sh
les
s
DC
m
o
to
r
is
a
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
m
a
c
h
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e
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t
m
a
k
e
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se
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tro
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ic
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o
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ste
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o
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m
e
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h
a
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o
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m
u
tato
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sh
les
s
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k
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se
o
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in
v
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o
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p
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ti
c
s
w
it
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
it
s
o
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e
ra
ti
o
n
.
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sim
p
le
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rid
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e
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o
n
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h
e
n
u
se
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h
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a
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in
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ru
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DC
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to
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sy
ste
m
.
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c
k
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o
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s
o
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e
ra
ted
w
it
h
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
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th
e
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to
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ti
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a
l
v
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lt
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g
e
f
o
ll
o
we
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im
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o
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e
l
w
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s
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tain
e
d
u
sin
g
M
A
TL
A
B/S
IM
UL
INK
so
ftw
a
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
b
ru
s
h
les
s
DC
m
o
to
r
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
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re
sh
o
w
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
w
it
h
d
if
f
e
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n
t
DC
li
n
k
v
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lt
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g
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a
n
d
ste
p
v
a
riatio
n
i
n
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li
n
k
v
o
lt
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g
e
.
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o
tal
h
a
rm
o
n
ic d
isto
rti
o
n
in
so
u
rc
e
c
u
rre
n
t
w
a
s als
o
p
re
se
n
ted
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
B
r
u
s
h
le
s
s
D
C
m
o
to
r
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
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o
m
m
u
tato
r
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u
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
P
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
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p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
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n
g
i
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g
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d
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c
ien
c
e
.
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l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
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d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
P
.
Sar
ala,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
J
NT
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,
A
n
a
n
t
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p
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d
h
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a
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I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail: d
ilip
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ee
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ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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ec
h
n
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m
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o
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tr
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g
av
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ce
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e
ef
f
o
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t
s
p
u
t
in
b
y
h
u
m
an
m
an
k
in
d
in
m
an
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ie
s
.
E
lectr
ic
m
o
to
r
is
an
elec
tr
o
-
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
d
e
v
ice
w
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h
co
n
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ts
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tr
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e
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er
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to
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ca
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b
e
b
r
o
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ly
clas
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in
to
D
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o
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s
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m
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ex
h
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f
i
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s
p
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ch
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tic
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ar
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tr
ain
t
in
m
an
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o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
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s
.
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m
o
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s
ar
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s
i
m
p
le
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
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an
d
h
as
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o
o
d
to
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ch
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o
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tat
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d
o
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e
w
it
h
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elp
o
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b
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co
m
m
u
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ass
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m
b
l
y
.
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r
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s
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is
a
s
tat
ic
d
ev
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w
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co
llect
s
c
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r
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en
t
f
r
o
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o
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to
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ac
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v
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w
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h
tr
an
s
f
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m
s
s
u
p
p
lied
DC
to
a
lter
n
ati
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g
t
y
p
e
to
ar
m
a
tu
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e
.
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to
t
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p
r
esen
ce
o
f
co
m
m
u
tato
r
an
d
b
r
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s
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ass
e
m
b
l
y
in
co
n
v
en
t
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al
D
C
m
o
to
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s
,
ad
d
itio
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al
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
w
it
h
r
es
u
lti
n
g
s
p
ar
k
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
o
v
er
a
ll
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
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v
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t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
ad
d
itio
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al
lo
s
s
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
b
r
u
s
h
-
co
m
m
u
tato
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as
s
e
m
b
l
y
,
b
r
u
s
h
l
ess
D
C
m
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s
ar
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tr
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w
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h
o
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t
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
b
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s
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m
m
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f
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co
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m
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tio
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[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
B
r
u
s
h
le
s
s
D
C
(
B
L
DC
)
m
o
to
r
s
ar
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s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
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s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
eli
m
in
a
tin
g
b
r
u
s
h
-
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o
m
m
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m
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l
y
.
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L
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C
m
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n
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tr
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cted
w
it
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ar
m
at
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its
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p
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m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
ets
o
n
its
r
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to
r
[
4
]
-
[
5
]
.
B
L
DC
m
o
to
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d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
w
i
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d
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g
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o
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b
o
th
s
tato
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an
d
r
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to
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th
u
s
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u
m
in
g
le
s
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tio
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a
s
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p
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n
d
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ct
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s
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d
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o
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b
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th
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tato
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an
d
r
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to
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.
So
lid
s
tate
elec
tr
o
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ic
s
w
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tch
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s
ca
r
r
ies
e
lectr
ical
co
m
m
u
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o
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i
n
B
L
DC
m
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x
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
r
u
s
h
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
694
I
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a
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ase
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ag
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ield
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ter
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ts
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it
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e
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f
lu
x
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n
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to
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q
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ted
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r
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L
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m
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ca
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r
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t
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g
h
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ap
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[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
y
p
ical
B
L
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m
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T
y
p
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B
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1
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o
n
v
e
r
ter
w
h
ic
h
co
n
v
er
ts
g
i
v
en
D
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
AC
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
n
a
m
e
s
u
g
g
es
ts
it
is
DC
m
o
to
r
b
u
t
in
o
p
er
atio
n
it
is
a
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
.
Af
ter
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
D
C
to
A
C
,
p
h
ase
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
e
x
cited
an
d
t
h
u
s
m
o
to
r
r
o
tates
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
elec
tr
o
-
m
a
g
n
etic
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
s
u
p
p
lied
A
C
w
il
l
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
D
C
(
s
i
n
c
e
g
e
n
er
al
av
a
ilab
le
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
il
l
b
e
o
f
AC
t
y
p
e)
an
d
ag
ai
n
i
n
f
r
o
n
t
e
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
,
DC
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
t
o
A
C
w
h
e
n
B
L
DC
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
m
ain
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
w
h
ic
h
is
t
y
p
icall
y
a
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
d
r
a
w
s
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
in
d
u
ce
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
in
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
i
n
d
u
ci
n
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
i
n
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
i
n
B
L
DC
i
n
s
i
s
ts
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
.
Ma
n
y
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
an
d
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
in
B
L
DC
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
co
n
tr
o
l is
b
ased
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
llo
w
er
.
R
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
s
w
er
e
s
en
s
ed
a
n
d
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l.
Static
s
w
itc
h
in
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
o
p
er
ated
f
r
o
m
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
co
r
r
ec
ted
.
A
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
s
e
s
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
at
eg
y
w
a
s
tes
ted
f
o
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
D
C
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
s
an
d
s
tep
-
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
DC
li
n
k
.
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
w
er
e
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t c
a
s
es.
2.
B
L
DC
M
O
T
O
R
WI
T
H
B
UCK
CO
NVER
T
E
R
Gen
er
all
y
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
A
C
a
n
d
f
o
r
a
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
to
o
p
er
ate
n
ee
d
s
DC
.
Fo
r
th
is
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
AC
to
D
C
,
a
d
i
o
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
i
s
u
s
ed
.
D
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
co
n
v
er
ts
AC
to
D
C
a
n
d
t
h
e
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
f
ed
to
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
.
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
is
t
y
p
icall
y
a
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
co
n
v
er
ter
.
A
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
D
C
is
s
tep
p
ed
d
o
w
n
to
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Ob
tain
ed
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
is
f
ed
to
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
is
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
f
i
lter
an
d
DC
lin
k
f
r
o
m
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
I
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
r
ee
p
h
as
e
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
ar
e
ex
cited
.
W
h
en
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
ex
cited
r
o
tatin
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
d
u
e
to
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
s
tat
o
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
f
ield
s
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
is
ex
er
ted
o
n
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
s
e
n
s
ed
b
y
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
s
en
t
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
w
h
ic
h
tr
i
g
g
er
s
s
t
atic
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
(
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
B
L
DC
)
.
Du
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
AC
to
DC
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
in
d
u
c
ed
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
n
ee
d
s
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es f
o
r
o
p
tim
a
l s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3.
P
O
WE
R
F
AC
T
O
R
CO
RRE
CT
I
O
N
W
I
T
H
B
UCK
CO
N
VE
R
T
E
R
F
O
R
B
L
DC
M
O
T
O
R
Fo
r
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
av
ai
lab
le
AC
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
DC
,
a
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
is
u
s
ed
.
P
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
d
u
ce
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
as
t
h
e
y
d
r
a
w
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
is
in
j
ec
tio
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
o
r
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
in
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
ed
u
cin
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
P
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
is
m
ai
n
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
d
u
e
to
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
l
o
s
s
es.
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
w
i
th
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tif
ied
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
AC
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
to
DC
i
s
f
ed
to
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
er
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
tak
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
7
7
3
0
–
7
3
8
732
p
lace
.
P
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
p
r
o
p
er
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
o
f
s
tat
ic
s
w
itch
i
n
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
S
w
itc
h
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l c
ir
cu
it o
u
tp
u
t.
Sp
ee
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
tak
e
n
an
d
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
i
g
n
al.
Ob
tain
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
ac
tu
al
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
i
s
s
e
n
t
to
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
er
r
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
b
tain
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e.
Fro
m
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
i
n
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
ed
to
cu
r
r
en
t
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
b
tain
in
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
g
n
al
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ac
tu
al
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
is
s
en
t to
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
g
at
in
g
p
u
l
s
es to
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
S
1
D
1
D
2
D
4
D
3
V
s
S
w
i
t
c
h
L
S
4
S
6
S
3
S
2
S
5
B
L
D
C
M
o
t
o
r
H
a
l
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
G
a
t
e
p
u
l
s
e
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
c
o
m
m
u
t
a
t
o
r
C
C
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
w
it
h
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
o
u
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
w
er
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
s
es
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
D
C
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
es
o
f
1
5
0
V,
2
0
0
V
an
d
also
f
o
r
s
tep
v
ar
iatio
n
in
D
C
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e.
4
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
f
o
r
Vdc
=
1
5
0
V
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
o
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to
o
th
er
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
in
d
u
ce
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
eter
io
r
atin
g
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
.
P
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
lled
w
it
h
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
I
m
p
licatio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
y
w
it
h
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
s
u
itab
le
an
d
w
a
s
test
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
D
C
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
es
a
n
d
also
f
o
r
s
tep
v
ar
iatio
n
in
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e.
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
w
a
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
.
T
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
i
n
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
as
k
ep
t
w
it
h
i
n
n
o
r
m
al
li
m
i
t a
n
d
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
.
P
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t c
a
s
e
s
w
as
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
n
ea
r
er
to
u
n
i
t
y
as
n
o
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
b
et
w
ee
n
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
s
h
o
w
n
r
esu
lts
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
is
v
er
y
es
s
en
t
ial
i
n
an
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
i
ll
a
y
a
n
d
P
.
F
re
e
re
,
“
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
su
rv
e
y
o
f
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
a
c
m
o
to
rs
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s,”
in
Pro
c
.
I
EE
E
IAS
Rec
.
,
1
9
8
9
,
p
p
.
7
4
–
8
4
.
[2
]
A
.
Ha
l
v
a
e
i
Nia
s
a
r,
“
S
e
n
so
rles
s
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
f
o
u
r
sw
it
c
h
,
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
b
ru
sh
les
s
DC
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s
f
o
r
lo
w
-
c
o
st
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
P
h
.
D.
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
De
p
t.
El
e
c
tr.
E
n
g
.
,
Ira
n
Un
iv
.
S
c
i.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
T
e
h
ra
n
,
Ira
n
,
De
c
.
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
CW
.
L
u
,
"
T
o
rq
u
e
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
Bru
sh
les
s
DC
m
o
to
rs"
,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
p
p
.
471
–
4
7
3
,
1
9
9
9
.
[4
]
A
sh
w
in
i
M
.
Wele
k
a
r
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
A
p
te,
"
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Bru
sh
les
s
DC
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
ICAE
T
-
2
0
1
4
)
,
P
P
1
2
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
R.
K.
Da
sa
ri,
S
.
J.
M
a
d
i
p
a
l
li
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
v
v
a
d
i,
"
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
ru
sh
les
s
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
u
sin
g
DST
A
COM,
"
2
0
1
5
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tric
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
S
ig
n
a
ls,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
O
p
ti
miza
ti
o
n
(
EE
S
CO)
,
V
isa
k
h
a
p
a
tn
a
m
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
.
[6
]
KJ
.
Ka
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
h
ig
h
ly
e
ff
icie
n
t
b
ru
sh
les
s
d
c
m
o
to
r
u
ti
l
izin
g
b
o
th
ra
d
ial
a
n
d
a
x
ial
a
ir
g
a
p
s"
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s,
v
o
l
.
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
Niti
n
S
a
n
a
d
h
y
a
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
Bru
sh
l
e
ss
D.C.
Driv
e
s
Us
in
g
I
G
B
T
’s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
S
c
ien
c
e
,
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
Iss
u
e
3
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
NA
G
,
T
rid
ib
e
sh
e
t
a
l.
"
A
n
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
c
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
BLDC
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s
y
ste
m
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
v
.
6
,
n
.
4
,
p
.
8
6
9
-
8
7
5
,
d
e
c
.
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Ch
a
n
d
ra
Ra
o
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
i
n
Tw
o
L
e
g
In
v
e
rter
F
e
d
BL
DC
Driv
e
Us
in
g
Cu
k
D
c
-
Dc
Co
n
v
e
rter,"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
)
,
v
.
6
,
n
.
2
,
p
.
1
9
6
-
2
0
4
,
ju
n
.
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
S
rin
iv
a
sa
n
,
K.
e
t
a
l.
"
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
V
ien
n
a
Re
c
ti
f
ier
f
o
r
BL
DC
m
o
to
r
Driv
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
v
.
7
,
n
.
1
,
p
.
7
-
1
6
,
m
a
r.
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
T
.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
P
G
A
b
a
se
d
a
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
A
C
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le a
n
d
E
mb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
4
3
-
4
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
P
.
Ag
ra
w
a
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
B
a
se
d
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rte
r
fe
d
Bru
sh
les
s
DC M
o
t
o
r
Driv
e
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m,
v
o
l.
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
Bo
g
im
i
S
iri
sh
a
,
“
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
Tw
o
L
e
g
N
e
u
tral
P
o
i
n
t
Clam
p
e
d
Co
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
o
u
tp
u
t
DC
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
a
n
d
In
p
u
t
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
V
o
l
2
No
2
,
2
0
1
2
p
a
g
e
s 1
3
8
-
1
5
0
.
[1
4
]
R.
Ba
lam
u
ru
g
a
n
,
“
A
n
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
in
BL
DC
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s
Us
in
g
Cu
k
De
riv
e
d
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Vo
l
1
2
N
o
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
p
a
g
e
s 8
0
9
2
-
8
0
9
7
.
[1
5
]
A
.
P
u
rn
a
Ch
a
n
d
ra
Ra
o
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
in
T
w
o
Leg
In
v
e
rter
F
e
d
BL
DC
Dri
v
e
Us
i
n
g
Cu
k
Dc
Dc
Co
n
v
e
rter
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
Vo
l
6
No
2
,
2
0
1
5
p
a
g
e
s
1
9
6
-
2
0
4
.
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