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2
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4
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I
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1
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,
th
e
f
l
y
i
n
g
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
8
]
ty
p
es.
Dio
d
e
-
cla
m
p
ed
an
d
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
u
s
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
e
v
er
al
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
s
.
B
u
t
i
t
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
r
eg
u
la
te
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Sin
ce
it
i
s
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
cr
ea
te
an
as
y
m
m
et
r
ic
v
o
ltag
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
b
o
th
th
e
d
io
d
e
-
cla
m
p
ed
an
d
t
h
e
f
l
y
in
g
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
cir
c
u
it
is
co
m
p
licated
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els
th
a
t
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
Fo
r
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
e
v
en
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
,
1
2
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
b
o
th
th
e
d
io
d
e
-
cla
m
p
ed
a
n
d
th
e
f
l
y
in
g
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
A
s
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
v
o
ltag
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
u
l
tile
v
el
in
v
er
ter
to
allo
w
m
o
r
e
le
v
els
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
[
1
7
]
,
s
o
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l in
v
er
ter
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
e
ls
.
T
w
o
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
t
er
s
w
ith
a
DC
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
m
u
l
tip
le
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
ca
s
ca
d
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
s
e
v
en
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
eig
h
t
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
en
t
l
y
,
v
ar
io
u
s
n
o
v
el
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
s
ev
en
-
lev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
s
e
v
en
-
lev
el
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
e
v
e
n
-
le
v
el
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tain
s
s
ix
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
e
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
i
n
g
le
D
C
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
s
i
n
g
le
v
o
lta
g
e
l
ev
els,
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lts
in
t
h
at
b
alan
ci
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
a
s
e
v
en
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
b
y
a
lev
e
l
g
en
er
atio
n
p
ar
t
an
d
a
p
o
lar
it
y
g
en
er
atio
n
p
ar
t,
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
er
e,
o
n
l
y
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
th
e
le
v
el
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
p
ar
t
s
w
itch
i
n
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
b
u
t
te
n
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
i
tch
e
s
an
d
s
in
g
le
DC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
a
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
lti
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
ca
s
c
ad
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
t
y
p
e.
Fo
r
t
h
is
,
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
ce
.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
a
m
u
l
tile
v
el
DC
-
l
in
k
i
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
te
d
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
ar
tial
s
h
ad
in
g
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
er
ies.
Sev
er
al
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
DC
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
e
D
C
b
u
s
o
f
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
DC
b
lo
ck
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll,
a
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
,
an
d
a
d
io
d
e[
2
2
-
2
4
]
.
C
o
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
o
f
th
e
DC
b
lo
ck
s
w
ill
r
es
u
l
t
in
a
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
DC
-
li
n
k
v
o
ltag
e
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
to
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
p
ar
tial
s
h
ad
in
g
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
C
lo
s
ed
L
o
o
p
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
Mu
l
tile
v
el
I
n
v
er
ter
Fed
Dr
iv
e
s
[
2
5
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
a
tiv
e
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
C
ar
r
ier
B
as
ed
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
Sin
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
Dio
d
e
C
la
m
p
ed
ML
I
an
d
H
y
b
r
id
I
n
v
er
ter
w
ith
R
ed
u
ce
d
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
liter
atu
r
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ea
l
w
it
h
r
e
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
t
er
f
ed
s
ev
e
n
-
lev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
r
e
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
b
et
w
ee
n
P
V
an
d
s
ev
en
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
p
ap
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
P
I
an
d
FOP
I
D
co
n
tr
o
lled
R
B
SL
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
FOP
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
R
B
S
L
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
E
x
is
t
ing
Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
i
s
b
o
o
s
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
its
o
u
tp
u
t
is
in
v
er
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
f
ed
to
th
e
Si
n
g
le
p
h
ase
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
R
B
SL
I
I
M
w
it
h
FOP
I
D
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
P
V
is
b
o
o
s
ted
u
s
in
g
a
r
e
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
it
s
o
u
tp
u
t
ac
ts
a
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
a
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
i
s
g
iv
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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I
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t J
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&
Dr
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t
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Vo
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9
,
No
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4
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Dec
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b
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2
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r
ec
tif
ied
u
s
i
n
g
a
r
ec
t
i
f
ier
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
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t o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
is
b
o
o
s
t
ed
u
s
i
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g
a
r
e
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b
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o
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t c
o
n
v
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ter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
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t o
f
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B
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co
n
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ted
to
w
in
d
g
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ac
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as th
e
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o
n
d
in
p
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t o
f
t
h
e
SL
I
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
B
SL
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
Sy
s
t
e
m
w
it
h F
O
P
I
D
T
h
e
C
lo
s
ed
lo
o
p
R
B
SL
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
FOP
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
is
s
e
n
s
ed
a
n
d
it
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
er
r
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o
p
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BS
L
I
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s
y
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te
m
w
i
th
FO
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
T
im
e
Do
m
ain
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
Ty
p
e
o
f
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
R
i
se
t
i
me
(
s)
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e
a
k
t
i
me
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s)
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e
t
t
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i
me
(
s)
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t
e
a
d
y
st
a
t
e
e
r
r
o
r
(
R
P
M
)
PI
4
.
3
4
.
6
6
.
0
5
.
3
F
O
P
I
D
3
.
9
4
.
2
5
.
0
2
.
6
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
P
V
f
ed
R
B
SL
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
is
ef
f
icac
io
u
s
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
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tr
ated
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d
s
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m
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lated
.
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h
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ie
s
w
it
h
P
-
I
an
d
FO
-
P
-
I
-
D
-
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
ex
h
ib
ited
i
n
d
etail.
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h
e
n
a
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
at
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
id
e
is
g
en
er
ated
a
t
3
.
9
s
ec
o
n
d
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
s
ettli
n
g
-
ti
m
e
i
s
ab
r
id
g
ed
f
r
o
m
6
s
ec
o
n
d
s
in
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
in
F
-
O
-
P
-
I
-
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
d
ec
r
e
m
en
t
in
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
5
.
3
r
p
m
i
n
P
I
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
to
2
.
6
r
p
m
w
h
e
n
FO
-
P
-
I
-
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
r
ep
lace
d
w
it
h
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
H
en
ce
t
h
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e
is
a
p
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n
ta
g
e
d
e
cr
e
m
en
t
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er
r
o
r
o
f
4
9
.
0
5
.
T
h
e
r
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lt
s
in
d
icate
th
at
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e
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-
P
-
I
-
D
b
a
s
ed
R
B
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te
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g
i
v
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t
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est
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a
m
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ie
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icate
d
th
at
R
B
S
L
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y
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ati
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to
t
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e
x
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in
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n
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ter
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h
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it
s
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ap
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iate
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al
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ic
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it
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r
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en
t
w
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s
to
co
m
p
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P
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I
an
d
FO
-
P
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I
-
D
b
ased
R
B
SL
I
I
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
f
u
t
u
r
e,
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
w
ith
p
r
o
p
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tio
n
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r
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an
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
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m
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
s
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1791
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
A
.
M
a
stro
m
a
u
ro
,
M
.
L
ise
rre
,
a
n
d
A
.
De
ll
’
A
q
u
il
a
,
“
Co
n
tr
o
l
issu
e
s
in
sin
g
le
-
sta
g
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s:
M
P
P
T
,
c
u
rre
n
t
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s .
In
d
.
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
–
2
5
4
,
M
a
y
.
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
Z.
Zh
a
o
,
M
.
X
u
,
Q.C
h
e
n
,
J.S
.
Ja
so
n
L
a
i,
a
n
d
Y.H.Ch
o
,
“
De
riv
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
b
o
o
st
–
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter
-
b
a
se
d
h
ig
h
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
p
v
in
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
4
–
1
3
1
3
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
M
.
Ha
n
if
,
M
.
Ba
su
,
a
n
d
K.G
a
u
g
h
a
n
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
th
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
Z
-
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rt
e
r
fo
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
w
it
h
a
d
e
sig
n
e
x
a
m
p
le,”
IET
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
8
–
2
8
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
J.
-
M
.
S
h
e
n
,
H.L
.
Jo
u
,
a
n
d
J.C.
W
u
,
“
No
v
e
l
tran
sf
o
rm
e
r
-
les
s
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
g
ro
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
8
–
1
8
2
9
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
N.M
o
h
a
n
,
T
.
M
.
Un
d
e
lan
d
,
a
n
d
W
.
P
.
Ro
b
b
in
s,
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
,
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
De
sig
n
,
M
e
d
ia
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
3
rd
e
d
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
NY
,
USA
:W
il
e
y
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
K.Ha
se
g
a
w
a
a
n
d
H.Ak
a
g
i,
“
L
o
w
-
m
o
d
u
latio
n
-
in
d
e
x
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
f
i
v
e
-
le
v
e
l
d
io
d
e
-
c
la
m
p
e
d
p
wm
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
a
DC
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
b
a
lan
c
in
g
c
ircu
it
f
o
r
a
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
4
9
5
–
3
5
0
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
E.
P
o
u
re
sm
a
e
il
,
D.M
o
n
tes
i
n
o
s
-
M
i
ra
c
le,
a
n
d
O.G
o
m
is
-
Be
ll
m
u
n
t,
“
Co
n
tr
o
l
sc
h
e
m
e
o
f
sin
g
le
-
lev
e
l
NP
C
i
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le en
e
rg
y
r
e
so
u
rc
e
s in
to
A
C
g
rid
,
”
IEE
E
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
2
–
2
5
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
S
.
S
rik
a
n
t
h
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
K.
M
ish
ra
,
“
DC
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
e
q
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
in
n
e
u
tral
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rters
f
o
r
DST
AT
CO
M
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
8
–
2
7
7
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
M
.
Ch
a
v
e
s,
E.
M
a
rg
a
to
,
J.F
.
S
il
v
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
P
in
t
o
,
“
Ne
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
in
b
a
c
k
-
to
-
b
a
c
k
m
-
lev
e
l
d
io
d
e
c
lam
p
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
d
irec
t
c
u
r
re
n
t
b
u
s v
o
lt
a
g
e
s b
a
lan
c
in
g
,
”
IET
p
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
7
8
–
5
8
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
J.D.Barro
s,
J.F
.
A
.
S
il
v
a
,
a
n
d
E.
G
.
A
Je
su
s,
“
F
a
st
-
p
re
d
ictiv
e
o
p
t
im
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
NP
C
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s .
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
9
–
6
2
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
A
.
K.
S
a
d
ig
h
,
S
.
H.
Ho
ss
e
in
i,
M
.
S
a
b
a
h
i,
a
n
d
G
.
B.
G
h
a
re
h
p
e
ti
a
n
,
“
Do
u
b
le
f
l
y
in
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
c
e
ll
c
o
n
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
o
d
if
ied
p
h
a
se
-
sh
if
ted
p
u
l
se
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
7
–
1
5
2
6
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
2
]
S
.
T
h
iele
m
a
n
s,
A
.
Ru
d
e
rm
a
n
,
B.
R
e
z
n
ik
o
v
,
a
n
d
J.M
e
lk
e
b
e
e
k
,
“
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
n
a
tu
r
a
l
b
a
lan
c
in
g
w
it
h
m
o
d
if
ied
p
h
a
se
-
sh
if
ted
P
W
M
f
o
r
sin
g
le
-
leg
f
iv
e
-
le
v
e
l
f
l
y
in
g
-
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
8
–
1
6
6
7
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
S
.
Ch
o
ian
d
M
.
S
a
e
e
d
if
a
rd
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
o
f
f
l
y
in
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
b
y
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s .
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
4
–
1
1
6
1
,
Ju
l.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
L
.
M
a
h
a
rjan
,
T
.
Ya
m
a
g
ish
i,
a
n
d
H
.
A
k
a
g
i,
“
A
c
ti
v
e
-
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
e
ll
s
f
o
r
a
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
m
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
c
a
sc
a
d
e
p
wm
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
9
–
1
1
0
7
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
X
.
S
h
e
,
A
.
Q.Hu
a
n
g
,
T
.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
Co
u
p
li
n
g
e
ff
e
c
t
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
a
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
b
a
lan
c
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
i
n
si
n
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
ters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
0
–
3
5
4
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
J.
Ch
a
v
a
rria,
D.
Biel,
F
.
G
u
in
j
o
a
n
,
C.
M
e
z
a
,
a
n
d
J.J.
Ne
g
ro
n
i,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
-
b
a
lan
c
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
P
V
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
in
v
e
rters
u
n
d
e
r
le
v
e
l
-
sh
if
ted
a
n
d
p
h
a
se
-
sh
if
ted
P
W
M
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
8
–
1
1
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
J.
P
e
re
d
a
a
n
d
J.Dix
o
n
,
“
Hig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
li
n
k
:
A
so
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
u
sin
g
o
n
ly
o
n
e
DC
so
u
rc
e
in
a
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
4
–
3
8
9
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
N.
A
.
Ra
h
i
m
,
K.Ch
a
n
iag
o
,
a
n
d
J.S
e
lv
a
ra
j,
“
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
se
v
e
n
-
lev
e
l
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tr.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
4
3
5
–
2
4
4
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
1
.
[1
9
]
Y.
Ou
n
e
jj
a
r,
K.
A
l
-
Ha
d
d
e
d
,
a
n
d
L
.
A
.
De
ss
a
in
t,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
six
-
b
a
n
d
h
y
ste
re
sis
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
th
e
p
a
c
k
e
d
U
c
e
ll
s
se
v
e
n
-
lev
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter:
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
8
0
8
–
3
8
1
6
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
J.M
e
i,
B.
X
iao
,
K.
S
h
e
n
,
a
n
d
L
.
M
.
Ji
a
n
Yo
n
g
Zh
e
n
g
,
“
M
o
d
u
lar
m
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
n
e
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
i
ts
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
5
0
6
3
–
5
0
7
3
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
I.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
,
J.Co
rd
a
,
a
n
d
L
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
DC
-
li
n
k
in
v
e
rter
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
e
P
V
p
a
rti
a
ls
h
a
d
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
–
1
8
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
3
.
[2
2
]
J.M
.
S
h
e
n
,
H.L
.
Jo
u
,
a
n
d
J.C.
W
u
,
“
No
v
e
l
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r
-
les
s
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
g
ro
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
8
–
1
8
2
9
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
R.
G
o
n
z
a
lez
,
J.
L
o
p
e
z
,
P
.
S
a
n
c
h
is,
a
n
d
L
.
M
a
rro
y
o
,
“
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
les
s in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic s
y
ste
m
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
9
3
–
6
9
7
,
M
a
r.
2
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
N.F
e
m
ia,
G
.
P
e
tro
n
e
,
G
.
S
p
a
g
n
u
o
l
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
V
it
e
ll
i
,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
rtu
rb
a
n
d
o
b
s
e
rv
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
rElec
tro
n
ics
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
3
–
9
7
3
,
Ju
l.
2
0
0
5
.
[2
5
]
G
o
p
in
a
th
"
Clo
se
d
L
o
o
p
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter F
e
d
Driv
e
s "
,
IJP
EDS
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
S
u
se
e
la
sa
ti
sh
k
u
m
a
r,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
t
iv
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
C
a
rrier
Ba
se
d
Te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
S
in
g
le
p
h
a
se
Dio
d
e
Clam
p
e
d
M
L
I
a
n
d
Hy
b
rid
In
v
e
rter w
it
h
Re
d
u
c
e
d
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
IJ
P
EDS
,
2
0
1
7
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