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[
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.
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h
[
1
2
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.
Fig
u
r
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s
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atic
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1
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.
Fig
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7
.
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1
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SW
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3
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W
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a.
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0
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
694
Mo
d
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397
d.
1
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r
eq
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2
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m
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ic
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V)
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t
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ti
m
e,
to
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tr
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t
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m
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m
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ated
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h
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m
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m
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p
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in
t
tr
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(
MP
PT
)
.
I
t
h
elp
s
to
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ate
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e
P
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s
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s
te
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ax
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h
e
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o
es
th
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y
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n
s
ta
n
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lli
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th
e
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t
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d
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h
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n
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ted
.
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h
e
MP
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tech
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lo
g
y
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
th
e
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
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ter
s
,
b
u
t
d
u
e
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
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ce
m
e
n
ts
in
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e
n
t
ti
m
e
s
,
n
o
w
it
ca
n
also
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
t
h
e
DC
-
AC
i
n
v
er
ter
s
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
s
e
v
er
al
MP
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T
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
p
r
ac
ticed
is
P
er
tu
r
b
an
d
Ob
s
er
v
e
s
o
it
w
il
l b
e
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
p
r
esen
t st
u
d
y
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
3
.
1
.
P
er
t
urb
-
a
nd
-
o
bs
er
v
e
(
P
&O
)
m
et
ho
d
T
h
e
p
er
tu
r
b
-
an
d
-
o
b
s
er
v
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(
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&
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alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
f
o
r
M
P
P
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
I
t
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
as
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
p
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tu
r
b
ed
an
d
th
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ch
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ed
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B
ased
o
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s
i
g
n
(
p
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s
itiv
e
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r
n
e
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ati
v
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o
f
th
e
d
er
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e
v
o
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is
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n
cr
ea
s
ed
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
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ch
MPP
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A
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ith
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ased
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n
,
o
n
e
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n
n
o
tice
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m
e
o
s
cillat
io
n
s
e
v
en
a
f
ter
th
e
MP
P
is
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ea
ch
ed
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
o
w
er
v
s
v
o
lta
g
e
cu
r
v
e
s
h
o
w
in
g
MP
P
2
.
4
.
VSC
I
nv
er
t
er
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
s
g
e
n
er
ate
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
an
d
v
o
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g
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
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to
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ee
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th
e
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tr
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th
e
g
r
id
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ati
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r
r
en
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cu
r
r
en
t
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d
(
A
C
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v
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e
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ee
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ed
.
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n
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er
ter
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ar
e
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e
eq
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ip
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en
t
u
s
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n
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t
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atin
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t
o
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e
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V
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r
a
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les ar
e
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ted
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e
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n
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ter
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h
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t
h
e
5
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n
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y
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h
e
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tr
o
l s
y
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co
n
s
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s
ts
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f
t
w
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n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
s
:
a.
An
ex
ter
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W
M
w
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f
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r
m
s
[
1
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
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1
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Ma
r
ch
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7
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401
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3.
SI
M
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AT
I
O
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R
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S
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AND
DIS
CUSS
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m
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h
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/
m
²)
.
Fro
m
t=0
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ec
to
t=0
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ter
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h
e
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e
o
f
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V1
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r
ay
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r
r
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o
n
d
to
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e
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it
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o
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e
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els
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ies
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2
1
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d
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o
r
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r
a
y
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els
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6
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(
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
9
)
.
A
t
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e
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e
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n
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er
ter
o
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le
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n
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n
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ated
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f
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d
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co
n
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l.
RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
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K.
S
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rter
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r
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rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
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PE
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)
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ol
/i
ss
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e
:
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1
)
,
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p
.
7
1
-
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0
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.
[2
]
M
.
C
.
M
ira,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
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it
h
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m
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n
tro
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a
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tan
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lo
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tt
e
r
y
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a
rg
e
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st
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m
,
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1
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rk
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n
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o
d
e
li
n
g
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o
we
r ele
c
tro
n
ics
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
“
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic Ce
ll
C
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
Ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
”
U.S
.
De
p
a
rtme
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t
o
f
En
e
rg
y
,
Retrie
v
e
d
,
1
9
M
a
y
2
0
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2
.
[4
]
D.
S
e
ra
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
On
t
h
e
P
e
rtu
r
b
-
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n
d
-
Ob
se
rv
e
a
n
d
In
c
re
m
e
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tal
Co
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
M
P
P
T
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
P
V
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
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e
:
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3
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
0
-
1
0
7
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
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d
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n
d
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[5
]
F
.
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iu
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t
a
l.
,
“
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tep
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ize
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.
[6
]
T.
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u
,
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t
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,
“
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[7
]
M
.
V
e
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ra
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t
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l.
,
“
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ra
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[8
]
P.
H.
Zo
p
e
,
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l
,
“
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,
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,
2010.
[9
]
S
.
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t
a
l
,
“
A
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(
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ER
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r E
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p
.
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.
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0
]
A
.
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.
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id
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ik
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.
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h
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o
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d
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o
st
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v
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rter
,”
In
ter
n
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ti
o
n
a
l
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o
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rn
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o
f
Po
we
r
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n
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Dr
ive
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m
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/i
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.
2
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.
[1
1
]
G.
E
.
S
a
a
d
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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fo
rm
a
n
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o
t
o
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o
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ter
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m
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re
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t
M
PP
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g
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h
ms
,
”
in
1
7
t
h
In
tern
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ti
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n
a
l
M
i
d
d
le
–
Eas
t
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
Co
n
f
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re
n
c
e
,
2015.
[1
2
]
R.
T
e
o
d
o
re
sc
u
a
n
d
M
.
L
ise
rre
,
“
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o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
f
o
r
Re
n
e
w
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b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
”
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li
d
e
s
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
th
e
c
o
u
rs
e
PE
RE
S
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
J.
J.
Ne
d
u
m
g
a
tt
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rtu
r
b
a
n
d
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b
se
rv
e
M
P
P
T
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lg
o
rit
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m
f
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r
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o
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V
S
y
ste
m
s
-
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
,
”
in
An
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
I
n
d
ia
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fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
K.
M
a
n
o
h
a
r
a
n
d
P.
S
.
Ra
n
i,
“
M
P
P
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a
n
d
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im
u
latio
n
f
o
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rid
-
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ted
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v
o
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ic S
y
ste
m
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n
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a
u
lt
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n
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ly
sis,
”
In
ter
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a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
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l
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E
n
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g
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d
S
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e
n
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e
(
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)
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
-
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6
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
M.
D
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
K.
B
Kh
a
n
c
h
a
n
d
a
n
i
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
”
T
a
ta
M
c
g
ra
w
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u
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sh
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rs
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n
,
p
p
.
1
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5
-
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0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
6
]
J.
Ka
se
ra
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
g
ri
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
In
c
rime
n
tal
Co
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
M
P
P
T
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
e
n
e
e
rin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.