Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
yste
m
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
2
,
Jun
2021
,
pp.
118
7
~
119
5
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v12.i
2
.
pp
118
7
-
119
5
1187
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Powe
r mana
ge
m
ent str
ate
gy base
d sug
eno fuzzy l
og
i
c rules i
n
an ele
ctric wheel
chair
Chak
ar Abde
sel
em
1
, Abdel
kha
le
k
O
th
m
ane
2
, Gasb
aoui
Br
ah
im
3
, So
u
meur
Moham
med Am
ine
4
,
Hafsi Ou
ssam
a
5
, Har
tani M
ohammed
A
m
ine
6
1
-
5
Smart
Grids
a
nd
Rene
wab
le En
erg
ie
s
La
bor
at
o
ry
SG
RE,
Univ
e
rsity
of Tahr
i
M
oham
ed
,
B
ec
har
,
Alger
i
a
6
La
bora
tory
of
d
ura
ble de
v
el
opm
ent
and inform
a
t
ic
s L
DD
I, Unive
rsity
of
Ahm
ed Draia
,
Adrar
,
Al
ger
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
24
, 20
20
Re
vised
Feb
15
,
2021
Accepte
d
M
ar
13
, 20
2
1
Pow
er
ma
nag
ement
in
mu
lt
i
-
po
wer
supply
e
le
c
t
ric
a
l
sys
te
ms
to
ma
nag
e
th
e
gene
ra
l
sys
te
m
beha
vior
is
esse
nti
al
to
i
mprove
aut
onomy
and
eff
icienc
y
.
In
thi
s
pape
r
,
a
pro
posed
fuz
zy
-
log
i
c
power
ma
n
ageme
nt
-
b
ase
d
suge
no
rule
is
appl
i
ed
in
a
hyb
rid
PV
/ba
ttery
e
le
c
tri
c
wh
ee
l
chair
to
a
meliorate
the
ba
tt
ery
li
fe
cyc
l
e
and
th
e
over
a
ll
aut
ono
my.
Besid
es,
th
e
inc
re
me
nt
cond
uct
an
ce
INC
MP
PT
is
used
to
m
axi
m
iz
e
PV
power.
Th
e
e
l
ec
tr
ic
wh
ee
l
cha
i
r's
gene
ra
l
top
ology
co
mpris
es
photovol
taic
ene
rgy
r
esourc
es
as
the
ma
i
n
source
and
the
bat
t
ery
en
erg
y
storage
sys
tem
d
evi
c
e
as
th
e
au
xil
ia
ry
source
.
Thi
s
hybrid
power
sourc
e
sys
te
m
suppl
ied
th
e
elec
tri
c
whee
lc
h
ai
r
co
m
posed
two
per
ma
n
ent
m
a
gnet
DC
mo
tors
con
trol
l
ed
by
a
PI
con
trol
l
er.
MA
TL
AB/S
im
uli
nk
progr
am
i
s
used
to
im
pl
em
en
t
th
e
ov
er
al
l
cont
ro
l
sche
me.
The
si
mul
ation
r
esult
s
that
wer
e
obt
ained
and
th
e
de
t
ai
l
ed
study
dem
onstra
te
the
fea
sibi
li
ty
and
p
erf
orma
n
ce of th
is i
nt
el
l
ige
nt
stra
te
gy.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
D
C
-
D
C
c
on
vert
er
Ele
ct
rical
w
he
el
chair
Fu
zz
y
l
ogic
c
ontr
oller
Power
m
a
nag
e
ment
PV
s
ys
te
m
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Chaka
r
Abdese
le
m
Lab
or
at
or
y of
Smart
Gr
i
ds
a
nd Re
new
a
ble E
nergies S
GRE
-
L
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng D
e
par
t
ment
Tahr
i
Mo
hame
d Un
i
ver
sit
y
The
i
nd
e
pe
nd
e
nce street,
PB
417
Be
c
har,
Alger
ia
Emai
l:
chak
a
r.a
bd
e
sel
em@
un
iv
-
bech
a
r.dz
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Since
it
s
incep
ti
on
,
el
ect
ric
wh
eel
c
hairs
[1]
ha
ve
ma
de
a
sign
ific
a
nt
impro
veme
nt
in
the
li
ves
of
per
s
on
hav
e
a
disabili
ty
beca
us
e it
g
a
ve
t
he
m the free
dom
to m
ov
e
on t
he
ir own wit
ho
ut
relyin
g o
n
ot
he
rs
[
2],
the
wh
eel
c
hair
co
ntr
ol
s
ys
te
m
incl
ud
e
s
t
wo
el
ect
rics
mo
to
r
s
ass
ociat
ed
with
dr
i
ve
el
ect
ronics
us
e
d
in
powe
rin
g
el
ect
ric
wh
e
el
chairs
.
The
wh
eel
c
ha
ir
can
use
an
y
mo
to
r
te
ch
no
l
ogy
s
uch
a
s
pe
rma
nen
t
ma
gn
et
DC
mo
to
rs
or
br
ushle
ss
DC
m
otors.
I
nput,
s
uc
h
as
a
jo
ys
ti
ck
or
Ca
mera
us
ed
as
a
us
e
r
[
3
]
,
[
4],
jo
ys
ti
ck
pe
rmits
the en
t
ry of c
omman
ds co
ntr
olli
ng
t
he
s
pee
d
a
nd d
i
recti
on of the
elec
tric
wh
eel
c
hair.
With
the
pr
ogress
of
ti
me,
t
he
ha
nd
ic
a
pp
e
d
perso
n
sta
rts
to
co
mp
la
in
a
bout
t
he
li
mit
e
d
batte
ries.
This
la
st,
ta
ke
s
a
lo
ng
ti
me
to
c
harge
in
f
ur
t
her
it
ta
kes
le
ss
ti
me
t
o
di
scharge
with
no
c
ha
rg
i
ng
places
in
ro
a
ds
,
a
nd
this
is
w
hat
prom
pted
ma
ny
res
earche
rs
to
fi
nd
ne
w
wa
ys
to
fee
d
mo
t
or
s
,
w
hethe
r
de
ve
lop
in
g
batte
ries
in
te
r
ms
of
aut
onom
y
an
d
perf
or
m
ance
[
5]
or
te
r
ms
of
cy
cl
e
li
fe
[5].
In
oth
e
r
words,
oth
e
rs
decide
d
to
fin
d
oth
er
s
ources
to
sup
port
the
batte
r
y,
su
c
h
as
integ
r
at
ing
s
olar
pa
ne
ls
[2],
[
7],
[
8]
or
i
ntegr
at
i
ng
a
fu
el
cel
l [8
]
-
[
10]
to supp
or
t t
he batt
ery
a
nd
giv
e
di
sabled pe
op
le
more f
ree
dom
of m
ov
e
ment.
In
t
his
pa
pe
r,
we
inte
gr
at
e
a
so
la
r
pa
nel
with
ke
epi
ng
t
he
batte
ry
t
o
fee
d
two
wh
e
el
chai
r
m
otors,
a
nd
because
t
he
m
otor
is
no
t
of
the
sam
e
t
ype,
we
co
nnect
ed
both
gen
e
r
at
or
s
via
DC
-
DC
boos
t
c
onver
te
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2021
:
118
7
–
119
5
1188
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
I
NC
MPPT f
or
o
ptim
um
e
xplo
it
at
ion
[11
],
[
12]
.
Th
e
batte
r
y
is
connecte
d
to
a b
idirect
io
na
l
DC
-
DC c
onve
rte
r
f
or co
ntr
olli
ng
chargin
g
a
nd
di
schargin
g usin
g
a
PI co
ntr
oller.
The
desire
d
goal
is
to
pr
otect
the
batte
ry
a
ga
inst
w
orkin
g
in
dee
p
of
disc
harge
a
nd
sta
te
of
cha
r
ge
maximal
under
al
l
the
movin
g
phases
of
the
wh
eel
c
hair
,
w
e
adopted
a
po
wer
mana
geme
nt
strat
eg
y
ba
s
ed
on
su
ge
no
fu
zz
y
log
ic
,
s
o
t
hat
the
in
pu
t
of
the
f
uzz
y
lo
gic
co
ntro
l
is
sta
te
of
c
ha
rg
e
of
the
batte
r
y
a
nd
th
e
diff
e
re
nt
po
we
r
bet
wee
n
the
PV
a
nd
the
powe
r
require
d
by
tw
o
whee
lc
hair
m
otors.
Simult
ane
ous
ly,
the
ou
t
pu
ts
are
t
he or
ders
directed
to
eac
h of t
he dri
ve
el
ect
r
on
i
cs ele
ments
f
or the c
hair, t
he PV,
and t
he ba
tt
ery
.
This
pap
e
r
is
div
ide
d
i
nto
fi
ve
sect
io
ns
.
T
he
fi
rst
sect
io
n
giv
es
a
bri
ef
desc
riptio
n
of
the
el
ect
ric
wh
eel
c
hair
a
nd
s
upplies
po
wer
syst
em,
t
he
seco
nd
sect
i
on
m
odel
ing,
and
siz
in
g
of
the
global
s
ys
t
em,
t
he
method
ology
of
powe
r
ma
na
geme
nt
an
d
ho
w
to
us
ed
s
ug
eno
fu
z
zy
lo
gi
c
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
ou
tl
ine
d
in
the
third
sect
ion
,
t
he
f
ourt
h
sect
ion
gi
ves
the
r
esults
and
discu
ssio
ns
of
our
w
ork
.
In
the
e
nd,
s
ome
of
our
c
oncl
us
io
ns
are
dr
a
wn in t
he
f
inal sec
ti
on.
2.
EL
ECTRICA
L WHEE
LC
HAIR
DES
C
RIPTIO
N
The
w
heelchai
r
ge
ner
al
co
nf
i
gurati
on
c
onsis
ts
of
t
wo
in
de
pe
nd
e
nt
DC
pa
r
ament
ma
gn
et
i
c
m
otors
t
o
ens
ur
e
the
dri
ving
of
w
heels,
s
pee
d,
an
d
ste
ering
a
ng
le
are
c
on
tr
olle
d
us
i
ng
a
n
el
e
ct
ronic
diff
e
re
ntial
to
cal
culat
e
the
s
peed
f
or
eac
h
wh
eel
an
d
re
gula
te
it
with
P
I
c
on
t
ro
l
m
otor
has
a
DC
-
D
C
buck
c
onve
r
te
r.
T
he
pro
pu
lsi
on
s
ys
te
m
s
upplied
by
t
he
PV
s
ys
te
m,
a
s
t
he
pr
im
ary
s
ource
the
photov
oltai
c
pa
nel
c
onnecte
d
to
DC
bu
s
volt
age
via
a
DC
-
DC
boost
conver
te
r
co
ntr
olled
by
the
increme
nt
co
nducta
nce
ma
xi
mu
m
powe
r
tr
ackin
g
(MPPT
)
a
nd
the
sec
onda
ry
s
ource
is
t
he
ba
tt
ery
sto
ra
ge
c
onnected
to
th
e
DC
bus
vo
lt
age
via
a
DC
-
DC
bi
-
directi
onal
buc
k
-
boos
t
c
onve
r
te
r
[2
]
,
[
13
].
T
his
hybri
d
e
ne
r
gy
s
ource
is
m
anag
e
d
by
a
pr
opos
e
d
f
uzz
y
-
l
og
ic
powe
r
ma
nag
e
ment b
a
sed
s
u
ge
no
ru
le
s, des
cribe
d
in Fi
gur
e 1
.
Ta
ble
s
1
a
nd
2
s
how
the
wh
eel
c
hair
m
odel
an
d
par
a
mete
rs
t
hat w
e
re
us
ed
.
Figure
1.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
s
ys
te
m
of t
he
w
heel
chair
a
nd
powe
r
s
ources
(PV
-
B
at
te
ry
)
with
power m
an
a
gem
ent
3.
MO
DELL
IN
G OF
EL
ECT
RI
C
AL
WHE
EL
CHA
I
R W
ITH PO
WER
SU
PLL
Y
GE
NER
ATO
R
3.1.
El
ectric
al whe
el
chair m
od
el
The
po
wer
of
an
el
ect
ric
w
he
el
chair
de
pends
on
t
he
ty
pe
of
batte
ry
,
th
e
ov
e
rall
wh
eel
c
hair
wei
gh
t,
the
te
r
rai
n,
a
nd
t
he
ef
fici
enc
y
of
t
he
c
ontr
ol
s
ys
te
m.
Ba
t
te
ries
are
rated
hourl
y
am
pe
re
[14
].
Th
e
c
urren
t
determi
nes
t
he
total
dista
nce
of
the
el
ect
ric
wh
eel
c
hair,
w
hi
le
the
am
ount
of
cu
rr
e
nt
a
bso
rb
e
d
is
relat
ed
to
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Power
m
anage
men
t
strategy
ba
s
ed
suge
no fuzzy l
og
ic
ru
le
s
… (
C
ha
k
ar
A
bd
e
sel
em
)
1189
tor
qu
e
a
ppli
ed
to
the
wh
eel
c
ha
ir
mo
t
or
s
.
Ac
cordin
g
to
Fig
ur
e
2,
t
he
mec
han
ic
al
m
od
u
l
e
of
t
he
wh
eel
chair
is
base
d on the
forces
of op
po
sit
ion
acti
ng
agai
ns
t i
t,
Wh
e
re t
he
total
resist
iv
e
tor
que is
giv
e
n by
.
The
tor
que
ro
l
li
ng
resist
ance
is def
i
ned by
.
=
(
)
.
(1)
The
ae
rod
yn
a
mic d
rag f
or
ce
is gi
ven as
.
=
1
2
2
(2)
The
cl
im
bing
f
or
ce
of the
h
il
l
.
=
(
)
.
(3)
The fo
rce as
soc
ia
te
d
with
the
acce
le
rati
on is
.
=
(4)
Total
torq
ue
T
w
cal
culat
e
d
as
foll
ow
s
in
el
ec
tric
cars
[15
]
,
[
16]
=
1
2
2
+
(
)
.
+
±
(
)
.
+
(5)
The w
heelchai
r
m
otor
us
e
d
m
od
el
pa
rameter
s ar
e il
lustrate
d
at
the
fo
ll
owin
g
Ta
ble
1,
a
nd
in the T
able
2
par
a
mete
r of
th
e
el
ect
rical
w
he
el
chair
us
e
d
i
n
this
work
.
Table
1
.
T
he
pa
rameter
of
permane
nt ma
gnet
Mod
el nu
m
b
er
Op
eration
vo
ltag
e(v)
Ou
tp
u
t
p
o
wer(
w)
No
-
lo
ad
ou
tp
u
t sp
e
ed
(
rpm
)
No
-
lo
ad
curre
n
t(a
)
dg
-
168a
24
150
135
<=4
,5
Figure
2.
F
or
ce
s ex
e
rted o
n
th
e ele
ct
ric w
hee
lc
hair
Table
2
.
T
he
pa
rameter
of ele
ct
rical
w
heelc
ha
ir
Sy
m
b
o
le un
it
(Kg)
(S
2
/M
2
)
(Kg.
M
3
)
(M
2
)
(M
)
(M
/s
2
)
Valu
es
150
0
.01
3
1
.10
9
0
.7
0
.16
0
.31
9
.8
W
he
re
(kg
)
is
total
mass,
is
ti
re
ro
ll
in
g
resist
ance
c
oeffici
ent
(s
2/m2)
,
is
mass
de
nsi
ty
of
ai
r
(kg/m
3)
;
is
fron
ta
l
s
urface
a
rea
of
t
he
wh
e
el
chair(m2
)
,
is
w
heel
ra
diu
s
(m),
is
aer
odyn
a
mic
dr
a
g
coeffic
ie
nt a
nd
(
m/s2
)
is acc
e
le
rati
on
due to
gr
a
vity.
3.2.
The
p
h
oto
vo
l
t
aic m
od
ule
An
e
qu
al
with
series
a
nd
par
a
ll
el
resist
or
s
,
a
n
i
deal
c
urren
t
so
urce
can
be
dev
el
op
e
d.
ma
y
be
us
e
d
t
o
ref
le
ct
a
ph
otovo
lt
ai
c
s
ource.
[
17],
w
hic
h
directl
y
c
onve
rt
su
nli
gh
t
i
nto
el
ect
rici
ty
[
18],
t
he
outp
ut
c
urr
ent
of
the
PV
descr
i
be
s
in
(
6),
t
he
PV
m
odule
out
put
us
ed
in
the
Table
3
w
her
e
tow
pa
nel
a
re
instqll
ed
par
al
l
el
[
19
]
,
[
20]
.
I
pv
=
(
I
pv
,
N
+
K
I
.
∆
T
)
.
G
G
n
(6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2021
:
118
7
–
119
5
1190
Table
3.
T
he
PV
m
odule
data
-
sh
eet
Nam
e
M
P
P
p
o
wer
(Pm
p
p
)
MPP vo
ltag
e
(
V
mp)
MPP
cu
r
rent (
I
m
p
)
Op
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e (
Vo
c)
Sh
o
rt
circuit
cu
rr
en
t (
Isc)
Ds
-
100m
100
W
18
V
5
.55
A
2
1
.24
V
6
.4
A
3.3.
B
attery
model
Be
cause
of
it
s
long
li
fe,
li
thiu
m
-
io
n
batte
ries
have
de
velo
pe
d
int
o
an
i
deal
powe
r
sou
rce
f
or
st
or
i
ng
ren
e
wa
ble
e
ne
rgy.
a
hi
gh
le
ve
l
of
protect
io
n
an
d
a
l
ow
c
os
t
[21
].
T
he
batte
ry
par
a
me
tr
s
us
e
d
sho
wn
in
the
Table
4.
T
he
c
hargin
g
sce
na
rio's batt
ery te
r
minal v
oltage
con
ce
r
ning ti
m
e is gi
ven in
t
he
(
7)
[2
2
]
,
[
23]
.
V
bc
(
t
c
)
=
(
(
Q
C
+
I
C
×
R
2
)
×
exp
(
−
t
c
R
2
×
C
1
)
)
+
V
0
−
(
(
I
C
−
(
R
1
+
R
2
)
)
)
(
7
)
Simi
la
rly,
f
or
a
d
isc
hargin
g
sc
enar
i
o,
t
he batt
ery te
rmina
l v
ol
ta
ge
is gi
ven in
(8).
V
bd
(
t
d
)
=
(
(
Q
C
+
I
d
×
R
2
)
×
exp
(
−
t
d
R
2
×
C
1
)
)
+
V
0
−
(
(
I
d
−
(
R
1
+
R
2
)
)
)
(
8
)
Table
4
.
Para
m
et
er
of li
-
io
n b
at
te
ry
Typ
e
n
o
m
in
al vo
ltag
e (
v
)
n
o
m
in
al capacity
(
A
h)
lead
-
acid
12
28
3.
POWER
M
A
NAGEME
NT
STRA
TE
G
Y
The
powe
r
ma
nag
e
ment
syst
em
will
help
wh
eel
c
hairs
re
act
more
dyna
mica
ll
y
,
a
nd
a
meli
or
at
e
th
ei
r
performa
nce
a
nd
aut
onomy
without
lo
sin
g
sigh
t
of
the
main
go
al
t
hat
imp
roves
t
he
batte
ry
li
fe
cy
cl
e
and
util
iz
ing
s
olar
powe
r
[2
4
]
.
Th
eref
or
e
,
i
n
t
his
w
ork,
a
pr
opose
d
f
uzzy
-
lo
gi
c
po
wer
ma
na
geme
nt
base
d
su
ge
no
ru
le
s
a
re
a
pp
li
ed
.
T
he
powe
r
mana
geme
nt
op
e
rati
on
the
ory
is
base
d
on
a
num
ber
of
r
ules
that
are
de
sign
e
d
us
i
ng
var
i
ous
c
onditi
ons
s
uch
as
batte
r
y
sta
te
of
c
harge
(SO
C),
powe
r
loa
d
dema
nd
from
wh
eel
c
hair
mot
or
s,
and
so
la
r
pa
ne
l
power
.
T
hese
co
nd
it
io
ns
paramet
ers
a
re
uti
li
zed
to
bu
il
d
mana
geme
nt
r
ules
ba
sed
on
s
ug
en
o
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
to
so
lve
s
ys
te
m
be
hav
i
or.
T
he
ba
sic
idea
of
t
his
strat
e
gy
that
movin
g
i
n
dif
f
eren
t
sta
te
s
in
each
sta
te
makes
de
ci
sion
s.
All
th
ese
modes
a
re
bu
il
t
-
in
face
membe
rs
hip
's
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
r
ul
es,
w
her
e
the
ou
t
pu
t
decisi
ons
of thi
s ma
nag
e
ment
are
order
s
to
c
om
ma
nd
DC
-
DC c
onver
te
rs.
The
f
ollo
wing
flo
w
cha
rt
F
igure
3
desc
ri
bes
the
pro
posed
gen
e
ral
s
ys
te
m
power
mana
geme
nt
strat
egy,
wh
ic
h
ai
ms
to
c
on
t
rol
the
batte
r
y
w
hen
it
charges
or
disc
harges
[
25]
.
The
most
importa
nt
t
hing
is
to
protect
the
bat
te
ry
in
c
riti
cal
conditi
on
s
a
nd
us
e
t
he
so
la
r
pa
nel's
ma
ximu
m
powe
r,
wh
e
re
the
re
ar
e
four
modes t
o
s
up
e
r
vise the
syst
em
b
e
hav
i
or.
Figure
3:
T
he
pro
po
se
d
mana
geme
nt strate
gy
flo
wch
a
rt
The
strat
eg
y
il
lustrate
d
S
ug
e
no
f
uzz
y
l
og
ic
co
ntr
oller
was
us
e
d
to
inc
orporate
t
he
pr
e
vious
pa
rt.
A
fu
zz
y
l
og
ic
c
ontr
oller
relat
es
the
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
outp
uts
to
in
pu
ts
us
i
ng
a
li
st
of
if
-
t
hen
[2
6
]
see
Ta
ble
5.
The
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Power
m
anage
men
t
strategy
ba
s
ed
suge
no fuzzy l
og
ic
ru
le
s
… (
C
ha
k
ar
A
bd
e
sel
em
)
1191
adject
ives
t
hat
char
act
e
rize
re
gions
of
the
in
pu
t
va
riable
ar
e
re
ferre
d
t
o
i
n
the
if
-
pa
rt
of
t
he
r
ul
es.
The
de
gr
ee
to
w
hic
h
a
give
n
i
nput
value
belo
ngs
to
thes
e
re
gions
is
de
fine
d
by
the
de
gr
ee
of
mem
be
rsh
i
p
.
The
the
n
pa
rt
of the
ru
le
s
of
a
suge
n
o
f
uzzy log
ic
c
ontr
oller r
e
fers t
o val
ue
s of the
outp
ut
v
aria
ble
on
or
off
.
The
subsets
f
uz
zy
mem
bersh
ip
was
note
d
as
f
ollo
ws
,
Se
e
the
F
i
gure
4
m
em
be
rsh
i
p
f
un
ct
io
ns
of
input
a
nd
outp
ut
,
i)
S
OC
mi
n
:
SO
C
le
ss
the
n
30%
;
m
oy:
S
OC
betwee
n
30%
a
nd
90%
;
max
:
SO
C
un
de
r
the
n
90%
,
ii
)
∆
p=
P
pv
-
P
load
ni
:
n
e
ga
ti
ve
;
nu
l
l
:
P
pv
=
P
load
;
po
:
p
os
it
ive
,
a
nd
ii
i)
K
i
hig
t
:
ou
t
pu
t=
1;
lo
w:
outp
ut=0
.
T
he
impleme
ntati
on
of
this
ma
na
geme
nt
strat
eg
y
in
M
A
TLAB
/Si
mu
li
nk
fact
by
dc
c
onve
rter
co
ntr
ol
w
here
K1
i
s
the
s
witc
h
for
con
t
ro
l
t
he
PV
pan
el
,
K
21,
K
22
are
cha
r
ged
an
d
discha
r
ge
d
batte
ry
a
nd
K3
f
or
a
mo
t
ors
loa
d
dema
nd contr
ol
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
4
.
I
nput
and
ou
t
pu
t
me
mb
e
rsh
i
p funct
ion
s
,
(a
)
'S
oc'
;
(b)
'
dp
'
;
(c) 'K
1, K
21, K
22, K
3
T
able
5
.
The
r
ules
base
of
f
uz
zy
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
∆
p
So
c
Ni
Nu
l
Po
Min
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=1
K2
1
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
Moy
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=1
K2
1
=1
K2
2
=1
K3
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
Max
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=1
K2
1
=0
K1
=0
K2
1
=0
K2
2
=1
K3
=1
K2
2
=0
K3
=1
K2
2
=1
K3
=1
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
Simulat
in
g
the
model
was
ac
hieve
d
usi
ng
the
MAT
LAB
Simuli
nk
pr
ogram
in
t
his
sec
ti
on
,
a
nd
t
he
ob
ta
ine
d
fin
di
ng
s
are
prese
nt
ed
an
d
disc
usse
d
i
n
or
der
t
o
c
heck
the
se
rv
ic
ea
bili
ty
an
d
performa
nce
of
the
pro
po
se
d
meth
od.
durin
g
a
ti
me,
sim
ulati
on
of
24s.
The
s
o
la
r
ir
rad
ia
nce
an
d
te
mp
e
rat
ur
e
f
or
t
he
PV
wer
e
simulat
ed wit
h a co
ns
ta
nt tem
per
at
ur
e
unde
r STC
25°
and a
sp
eci
fied
irra
di
ance
prof
il
e.
The
w
heelchai
r
has
bee
n
de
s
ign
e
d
t
o
be
in
dicat
ive
of
re
a
l
dyna
mic
wor
king
c
onditi
on
s,
with
t
he
wh
eel
c
hair
tra
veling
on
strai
gh
t
r
oads
with
a
maxim
um
s
peed
of
7
km
/
h
a
nd
a
mi
nim
um
sp
ee
d
of
1.5km/
h,
movin
g
on
a
slop
e
[16:1
7.5
]
(s
)
an
d
c
urv
ed
r
oa
d
[
21
:
22.5]
(s
),
w
hich
is
de
fine
d
by
dif
fer
e
nt
c
on
sta
nt
[0.5
:
2.5]
(s
),
a
ccel
erati
ng
[
0:5
]
(s
),
a
nd
br
a
king
ti
me
i
nter
vals
[
2.5:
3.5]
s.
F
or
the
batt
ery
S
OC,
we
i
mpose
that
the
batte
r
y
is
one
un
der
30%
[
6:7.5
]
(
s)
a
nd
a
bove
90%
[
11
:
12.5]
(
s)
t
o
asce
rtai
n
the
s
ys
te
m
be
h
avio
r.
Th
us
, Fi
gure
5
is
disp
la
ying th
e ref
e
re
nce a
nd mo
t
or sp
ee
ds
durin
g
t
he dom
est
ic
cy
cl
e sim
ulati
on
.
The wheelc
hai
r's
s
peed is ap
pro
ximate
ly e
qu
al
to
it
s r
efe
re
nc
e v
al
ue
, whic
h
is cal
culat
e
d as t
he
mea
n
value
of
the
t
w
o
w
heal's
sp
e
e
ds
,
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
u
re
5.
We
've
noti
ced
that
var
ia
ti
ons
in
t
he
de
gr
e
e
of
fe
edin
g
hav
e
no
ef
fect
on
t
he
w
heelc
hair's
s
pee
d,
a
nd
t
hat
the
pre
sence
or
a
bs
e
nc
e
of
s
un
irra
di
ance
[
0
-
1.5]
(
s)
an
d
the
batte
r
y
sta
te
of
c
harge
as
in
the
inter
val
[6
-
7.5
]
(
s),
[
11,
12.
5]
(s)
has
no
e
ff
e
ct
on
th
e
wh
eel
c
hair's
sp
ee
d.
Durin
g
the
int
erv
al
[
16
-
17.5]
(s
),
the
wh
eel
's
s
peed
was
ke
pt
c
onsta
nt
at
3km/
h
des
pite
the
inc
rease
of
t
he
ro
a
d
slo
pe
a
ng
le
al
ph
a.
i
n
ad
diti
on
,
bet
wee
n
[
21
-
22.5]
(
s)
,
we
no
ti
ce
a
di
ff
ere
nce
betw
een
the
s
pee
ds
of
t
he
two wh
eel
s
due to the
r
ole o
f t
he
dif
fer
e
ntial
elec
tron
ic
's rol
e at t
he
corners, w
hich
ke
ep
th
e sp
eed sta
ble.
A
pi
con
t
ro
ll
er
regu
la
te
s
the
sp
ee
d
error
betwe
en
the
re
fer
e
nce
va
lue
of
the
el
e
ct
rical
def
e
ren
t
ia
l
and
the
ope
rati
ng
sp
ee
ds
of
eac
h
w
heel
to
obta
in
t
he
re
fer
e
nce
cu
rr
e
nt
val
ue,
wh
ic
h
is
the
n
r
egu
la
te
d
by
a
s
econd
pi
c
on
t
r
oller
to pr
oduce s
uff
ic
ie
nt PWM
si
gn
al
s
to
eac
h wh
eel
mo
t
or
's
DC
-
DC buc
k
c
onve
rter.
As
sho
wn
i
n
this
sect
ion,
th
e
power
balan
ce
evaluati
on
of
P
V/loa
d/b
at
te
ry
of
the
whole
sy
ste
m
i
s
pr
ese
nte
d
i
n
t
he
Fi
gure
6.
Th
e
c
hange
in
ba
tt
ery
powe
r
P
ba
t
is
deter
mine
d
by
the
am
ou
nt
of
e
nerg
y
supp
li
ed
by
t
he
so
la
r
pa
nel
an
d
the
a
moun
t
of
e
nergy
require
d
by
the
load
wh
e
n
the
batte
ry
s
ys
te
m
is
disc
ha
rg
e
d.
Wh
e
n
P
PV
>
Pload,
the
PV
pan
el
s
s
uppl
y
no
t
on
l
y
the
l
oa
d
but
al
so
t
he
ex
cess
power
pro
du
ce
d
by
t
he
PV
pan
el
s
, whi
ch
is
us
e
d
to
c
harge t
he batt
ery.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2021
:
118
7
–
119
5
1192
Figure
5.
R
efer
ence a
nd m
otor s
peeds
durin
g t
he domest
ic
c
ycle sim
ulati
on
So
,
at
the
sta
r
t,
just
the
batt
ery
s
upplies
th
e
el
ect
ric
wh
e
el
chair
due
to
the
abse
nce
of
PV
powe
r.
The
n,
at
t
he
1s
the
batte
r
y
be
gin
s
to
disc
harge
beca
us
e
th
e
PV
pa
nel
sta
rts
to
giv
e
the
c
onsta
nt
powe
r
a
nd
the
require
d
powe
r
by
wh
eel
c
hair
disc
harge.
At
the
inter
val
[4.
1
-
5.5]
(s
),
t
he
batte
ry
cha
r
ges
due
to
the
PV
powe
r
is mo
re s
i
gn
ifi
cant tha
n
t
he w
heelchair
r
e
quired
po
wer
.
The
batte
r
y
is
disco
nnect
ed
a
nd
the
w
heelc
hair
is
power
e
d
by
lu
ck
po
w
er
(limi
te
d
loa
d
dema
nd)
in
the
i
nterv
al
[
6
-
7.5
]
(s
),
the
batte
ry
st
at
e
of
c
ha
rg
e
is
le
ss
tha
n
30%
,
a
nd
th
e
w
heelchair
nee
de
d
powe
r
i
s
gr
eat
er
t
ha
n
PV
pro
vi
ded
po
wer,
so
t
he
bat
te
ry
is
disc
onne
ct
ed
an
d
the
wh
eel
c
hair
is
powe
re
d
by
luc
k
po
wer
(limi
te
d
loa
d
de
man
d).
T
he
PV
po
wer
is
gr
e
at
er
tha
n
the
r
equ
i
red
power,
so
th
e
PV
is
di
sconnected
,
a
nd
th
e
batte
ry is disc
ha
rg
e
d.
The
el
ect
ric
w
heelchair
DC
bu
s
volt
age
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
7
w
hich
we
ha
ve
see
n
the
DC
bus
vo
lt
age
f
ollows
the
re
fer
e
nc
e
unde
r
al
l
the
movin
g
pha
ses
with
ov
e
rs
hoot
of
2volt,
with
ri
pp
le
a
lmost
neg
li
gi
ble
an
d
resp
onse
ti
me
is
0.2
(s
)
.
J
us
t
in
the
case
wh
e
n
the
batte
ry
is
disco
nnect
ed,
the
DC
bus
vo
lt
age
dro
ps
by
3
vol
ts.
As
seen
,
durin
g
the
pro
po
sed
c
ycle
a
nd
the
eval
uatio
n
of
t
he
powe
r.
I
n
t
he
Fig
ur
e
8
T
he
sta
te
of
cha
r
ge
is
inc
reasin
g
w
he
n
P
pv
>P
loa
d
w
hich
mea
n
that
the
batte
ry
is
a
bsor
bing
t
he
s
urplu
s
energ
y
durin
g
[4.5
-
5.5
]
(
s)
a
nd
[11
-
16]
(s
)
,
t
he
SOC
decr
e
asi
ng
wh
e
n
P
PV
le
ss
than
P
load
(
disc
harge)
[
0
-
4.5
]
(s)
,
[
7.5
-
11]
(s)
, a
nd the
b
at
te
r
y
is
disc
onn
ect
ed
b
et
w
een
6
a
nd 7.5 (
s).
Figure
6. The
powe
r bala
nce
prof
il
e
of P
V/load/
batte
ry
Figure
7. The
DC
-
bu
s
volt
ag
e duri
ng the
do
mesti
c
simulat
ion cycl
e
Figure
8. Ba
tt
ery sta
te
of c
harge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Power
m
anage
men
t
strategy
ba
s
ed
suge
no fuzzy l
og
ic
ru
le
s
… (
C
ha
k
ar
A
bd
e
sel
em
)
1193
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pap
e
r
pro
po
s
es
a
n
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
s
ys
te
m
for
mana
ging
po
wer
base
d
on
SO
C,
t
he
pow
er
balance
of
the
sy
ste
m
l
oa
d
de
man
d,
a
nd
so
la
r
-
gen
e
r
at
ed
powe
r
f
or
ma
nag
i
ng
t
he
charge
-
disc
ha
rg
e
of
batte
r
y
the
M
ore
ov
e
r
prot
ect
ed
the
batte
r
y
i
n
t
he
c
riti
cal
case,
that
us
es
the
f
uzzy
lo
gi
c
co
ntr
oller
(FLC
)
for
a
djust
ing
the
gen
e
ral
beh
a
vi
or
of
the
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
fu
z
zy
r
ules
are
f
orme
d
base
d
on
sug
eno
that
help
to
hav
e
a
best
e
ff
ic
ecy
and
i
ncr
ase
t
he
wh
eel
c
hair
auto
nomy.
Al
so
,
the
hybri
da
ti
on
bet
ween
the
batte
r
y
a
nd
PV
giv
es
a
good
com
bin
at
on
,
e
xtracti
ng
the
max
powe
r
use
d
M
PPT
,
fa
st
respo
ns
e
a
nd
the
best
be
nef
i
ci
at
ion
that
ma
kes
the
sy
ste
m
sta
ble.
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NTS
The
wr
it
er
s
grat
efu
ll
y
acc
ept
the
PRFU
pr
oject
's
fi
nan
ci
a
l
support
f
rom
the
Ge
ner
al
Directi
on
of
Scie
ntific
Rese
arch an
d
Te
ch
no
l
og
ic
al
Adva
nceme
nt, DGR
SD
T
(
n 080
12018000
2).
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
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Rif
ai
Sa
rra
j
and
R
aphael
Mass
are
lli,
“
De
sign
history
and
adva
n
ta
g
es
of
a
new
le
ve
r
-
prop
el
l
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whe
el
ch
ai
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protot
ype
,
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nati
onal
Journ
al
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d
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i
c
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er
Dontikurt
i
,
“
Sol
ar
powere
d
whee
l
cha
ir
:
Mobility
f
or
physica
ll
y
ch
al
l
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nged,
”
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ernational
Journal
of
Curr
ent
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Int
el
l
ige
nt
control
whee
l
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ew
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e
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tr
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elcha
ir
sys
te
m
using r
a
spberry
Pi,
”
In
ter
nati
onal
Journa
l
of
Sc
ie
nc
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ng
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ring a
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eg
ro,
“
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-
Ion
batte
ry
ma
n
age
m
ent
sys
te
m
base
d
in
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zy
logic
for
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proving
elec
t
ric
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ehicle
au
t
onomy,
”
2017
IEEE
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r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Powe
r
Quality
Appl
ic
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angua
ng
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Yueji
u
Zhe
ng
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ing
Feng,
Zh
e
L
i,
and
Ji
anqi
u
Li,
“
A
rev
i
ew
on
t
he
key
issues
o
f
the
li
th
ium
ion
bat
t
ery
degr
adat
ion
a
mong
th
e
whole
l
ife
cycle
,
”
eTrans
portati
on
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-
Sheng
Chi
e
n,
Tung
-
Yung
Huang,
T
ze
-
Yu
an
L
ia
o
,
Tsung
-
Yuan
Kuo,
an
d
Tzer
-
Min
Lee,
“
Design
and
deve
lop
me
nt
of
solar
power
-
a
ss
iste
d
ma
nu
al/
el
e
ct
ri
c
wh
ee
l
c
hai
r,
”
Journal
of
R
ehabilit
a
ti
o
n
R
ese
arch
&
Dev
el
opmen
t
,
vo
l.
51
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vo
l. 49,
pp.
1411
-
1426,
201
4
DOI
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1682
/
JRR
D.2013.
11.
0
250.
[8]
Yos
hihi
ko
Ta
k
a
hashi,
and
Syo
go
Matsuo,
“
R
unning
exp
eri
m
ent
s
of
elec
tr
ic
whee
l
chair
po
were
d
by
nat
ur
al
ene
rgi
es,
”
2011
IE
EE
Int
ernat
ional
Symposiu
m
on
Industrial
El
e
ct
ronics
.
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EE
E
,
pp.
945
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950,
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[9]
Kaz
uo
Sa
it
o
,
C
han
Anyapo
,
Pit
ak
Ka
mj
i
tj
a
m,
a
nd
Toshih
iko
N
oguchi
,
“
Deve
lo
pme
nt
of
an
el
e
ct
ri
c
whe
elcha
ir
sys
te
m
using
PEM
fue
l
c
el
l
,
”
Journal
of
Asia
n
El
e
ct
ric
Ve
h
i
cl
es
,
vo
l.
7
,
no.
1,
pp.
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90,
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7.
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85.
[10]
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Zulei
ma
Morgado
Ram
ir
ez
,
et
al
.
,
“
Adju
sted
method
to
ca
l
cul
a
te
an
e
lec
tri
c
whe
elcha
ir
power
cycle
:
fu
el
ce
l
l
i
mpl
e
me
nt
at
ion
exampl
e,
”
Journal
of
Ene
rgy
Stor
age,
vo
l.
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371
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027
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Vital
R
ao,
K.
R.
Sudha
,
and
S.
Prameel
a
De
vi,
“
Inc
r
em
en
tal
conducta
n
ce
(I
ncCond)
a
lgori
t
hm
for
ma
x
im
u
m
power
oper
at
ing
point
(MP
OP
)
of
photo
-
vol
ta
i
c
(
PV
)
power
generat
ion
sys
te
m,
”
Ame
rican
Journal
of
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
Re
search
(
AJER
),
vol
.
2
,
no
.
12
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pp
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342
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[12]
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Ab
ouobai
da
,
“
Prac
t
ic
a
l
per
fo
r
ma
nc
e
ev
al
ua
ti
o
n
of
ma
x
im
um
p
ower
point
tra
ck
ing
al
gor
it
hms
i
n
a
photovo
lt
a
ic
sys
te
m,
”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
tro
nic
s
and
Dr
ive
Syste
ms
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P
EDS)
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r,
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Mudu
li
,
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,
J
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,
O.,
Toc
hukwu,
N.,
and
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,
S.
K
.
,
“
Solar
power
e
d
whee
l
ch
ai
r
fo
r
lower
limb
a
mp
ute
e
,
”
In
te
rnatio
nal
Journal
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f
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anc
ed
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ie
n
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[14]
Hart
ani
M
.
A.,
Hamouda
M.
,
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l
ek
O.
,
and
Hafsi
O,
“
Influe
nc
e
of
M
PP
T
te
chnics
an
d
ene
rgy
stor
ag
e
ma
nag
em
en
t
on
ren
ewa
bl
e
hybri
d
power
sys
te
ms
,
”
E
le
c
trote
hni
c
a,
Elec
troni
ca,
Aut
omatic
a
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EEA),
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67,
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-
36
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2019
.
[15]
Md
Ruhul
Ami
n,
and
Ra
ji
b
B
ara
n
Roy,
“
Det
erm
in
at
ion
of
e
le
c
tri
c
v
ehi
c
le
power
consump
ti
on
for
assorte
d
pave
m
ent
gra
d
ient
using
Matlab/
Simul
ink,
”
Indo
nesian
Journal
of
Elec
tri
cal
En
gine
ering
and
C
omputer
Sci
en
ce
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EE
CS)
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Abdelka
der
Ghe
zoua
ni
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Brahim
Gasbaoui
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a
Nair
,
O
thm
an
e
Abdelkha
l
ek,
a
nd
Jema
l
Ghoui
l
i,
“
Co
mpa
ra
ti
v
e
study
of
PI
and
f
uzz
y
log
ic
-
b
ase
d
spee
d
cont
rol
le
r
s
of
an
ev
with
f
our
in
-
whee
l
ind
uct
ion
mot
ors
dr
ive
,
”
Journal
of
Aut
omation
Mob
il
e
Rob
ot
ic
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Inte
lligen
t
Syst
e
ms
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RIS_3
-
2018/17.
[17]
Xuan
Hieu
Ngu
yen
and
Minh
Phuong
Nguyen
,
“
Mathematical
mode
li
ng
of
ph
otovol
taic
ce
l
l/module
/
arr
ays
w
it
h
ta
gs
in
Ma
tl
ab
/Sim
uli
nk
,
”
En
vi
ro
nmental
Syste
ms
R
ese
arch
,
vol
.
4
,
no
.
1,
pp.
24
,
2
015
,
DOI
:
10.
11
86/s40068
-
015
-
0047
-
9.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2021
:
118
7
–
119
5
1194
[18]
Otma
ne
Ze
bra
ou
i,
and
Mos
ta
f
a
Bouzi
,
“
Improved
MP
PT
cont
rol
s
for
a
stand
al
on
e
PV
/wind/
b
at
t
e
ry
hybrid
ene
rgy
sys
te
m
,
”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
tro
nic
s
and
Dr
ive
Syste
m
s
(IJ
P
EDS)
,
vol
.
11
,
no
.
2,
pp.
988
-
1001,
Jun.
2020
,
DOI
: 10.11591/
i
jpe
ds.
v11.
i2.
pp988
-
10
01.
[19]
Hafsi
O,
Abde
lk
hal
ek
O,
Har
ta
ni
M.
Amin
e,
Ch
a
kar
A
,
and
Sou
me
ur
M.
Amin
e
,
“
Propos
ed
ene
r
gy
m
ana
g
em
en
t
for
a
d
ecent
r
al
i
z
ed
DC
-
m
ic
rogr
i
d
base
d
PV
-
WT
-
HESS
for
an
isol
at
ed
com
mun
it
y,
”
In
te
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
S
yst
em
(I
JP
EDS)
,
v
ol
.
11,
n
o.
4
,
pp.
2
073
-
2082,
Jun
.
2020
,
DOI
:
10.
11591/ijpeds.
v11.
i2.
pp988
-
10
01.
[20]
Hus
sain
Atti
a,
“
High
per
form
an
ce
PV
sys
te
m
ba
sed
on
artificia
l
neur
al
n
et
work
MP
PT
w
it
h
PI
cont
roll
e
r
for
dir
e
ct
cur
ren
t
wate
r
pu
mp
applications,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
vol
.
10,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
13
29
-
1338,
Sept
.
2
019
,
DOI
:
10
.
11
591/i
jpe
ds
.
v10.
i
3.
pp1329
-
1338.
[21]
Mos
te
fa
Kerm
a
di,
Z
ai
n
al
Sa
lam,
and
El
Mad
ji
d
Berkouk
,
“
A
rule
-
base
d
p
ower
ma
n
age
m
e
nt
cont
ro
ll
e
r
usi
n
g
stat
ef
low
for
gri
d
-
conne
c
te
d
PV
-
bat
t
ery
en
erg
y
sys
te
m
supplyin
g
household
load,
”
2018
9
th
IE
EE
Int
ernati
ona
l
Symposium
on
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
for
Distribu
te
d
Gen
erati
on
Syste
ms
(P
EDG).
IEEE
,
201
8
,
pp.
1
-
6,
DOI
:
10.
1109/PEDG.
2018.
8447566.
[22]
Kanna
n
Thirug
nana
m
,
Him
anshu
Saini
,
and
Prave
en
Kum
ar
,
“
Ma
the
m
at
i
cal
mode
l
ing
of
l
i
-
ion
ba
tt
e
ry
fo
r
cha
rge
/di
scha
rge
rate
and
c
ap
ac
i
ty
fad
ing
c
har
acte
rist
ic
s
u
sing
genetic
a
l
gorit
hm
appr
oa
ch,
”
2012
I
EEE
Tr
anspo
rt
ati
on
Elec
trif
i
cat
io
n
Confe
ren
ce
and
Ex
po
(ITEC)
,
IE
EE
,
2012,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
D
OI
:
10.
1109/ITEC.
2
012.
6243431.
[23]
Prave
en
Kum
ar,
and
Pavo
l
Bau
er,
“
Para
me
t
er
ext
ra
ct
ion
of
b
a
tt
ery
models
usi
ng
mul
t
i
obj
ecti
ve
opt
im
i
za
t
ion
gene
t
ic
a
lgori
th
ms
,
”
Proc
ee
din
gs
of
14th
Int
er
nati
onal
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Moti
on
Control
Confe
renc
e
EPE
-
PE
MC
2010
,
pp
.
T9
-
106
-
T9
-
110
,
DOI
:
10.
1109
/EP
EPEMC.2010.5606653.
[24]
Soumeur,
M.
A.
,
Gasbaoui
,
B
.
,
Abdelkha
l
ek,
O.
,
Ghouil
i,
J
.
,
To
umi
,
T.,
and
Ch
aka
r,
A.
,
“
Co
mp
ara
t
ive
stud
y
of
ene
rgy
m
ana
g
e
me
nt
str
at
eg
ie
s
f
or
hybrid
proton
exc
hang
e
m
embrane
fu
el
c
ell
f
our
whee
l
dr
ive
el
e
ct
ri
c
veh
ic
l
e,
”
Journal
of
Power
Source
s,
vo
l.
4
62,
Jun.
2020
,
DOI
:
10.
1016/
j.jp
ows
our.
2020.
228167.
[25]
Abitha
Mem
al
a
W,
C.
Bhuvane
s
wari
,
S.
M.
Shyni,
G.
Mer
li
n
She
eba
,
Modi
Surya
Mahe
ndra
,
and
V
Jaishre
e
, “
DC
-
DC
conve
r
te
r
ba
sed
power
ma
n
a
gem
en
t
for
go
gr
ee
n
applic
at
ions
,
”
In
te
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
Pow
er
Elec
tronic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems
(I
JP
EDS)
,
vol
.
10
,
no.
4,
pp.
2046
-
2054
,
De
c.
20
19
,
DOI
:
10
.
11591
/i
jpe
ds
.
v10.
i4
.
pp
2046
-
2054.
[26]
Chebe
l
Ahlem,
Benre
t
em
A
,
D
obre
v
I,
and
Ba
rka
t
I
,
“
Compa
r
at
iv
e
study
of
t
wo
cont
rol
strategie
s
propor
ti
on
a
l
int
egr
al
and
fuz
zy
logic
for
the
cont
rol
of
a
d
oubly
fed
induction
gen
erator
d
edi
c
at
ed
to
a
w
ind
applic
at
ion
,
”
I
nte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
ms
(
I
JP
EDS)
,
vo
l.
11
,
no
.
1,
pp
.
263
-
274,
2020
,
DOI
:
10.
11591/ijpeds.
v11.
i1.
pp263
-
27
4.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ch
ak
ar
Ab
desele
m
i
n
1992,
he
was
born
in
Aou
grout,
Adrar
,
Al
ger
ia.
H
e
gr
aduate
d
from
Djal
ili
Li
ab
es
Univer
sity
in
Sidi
Be
l
Abba
s,
Alger
ia
,
wit
h
a
degr
ee
in
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
2
014.
He
ob
ta
in
e
d
a
Mast
er's
De
gre
e
in
E
lectr
i
cal
Sys
te
m
Con
tro
l
fro
m
the
same
univ
ersit
y
in
Sidi
B
el
Abb
as,
Alger
ia,
in
2
016.
He
is
cur
re
ntl
y
a
Ph.D.
ca
n
dida
t
e
a
t
Ta
hri
Moha
mmed
Univer
sity's
smart
grids
a
nd
ren
ewa
bl
e
e
ner
gy
la
bor
at
or
y.
Elec
tr
ic
whee
lc
h
ai
rs,
el
e
ct
ri
c
mot
ors,
DC
-
DC
conve
rte
r
s,
power
storag
e,
PV
net
works
,
and
DC
mi
cro
-
gr
ids a
r
e am
ong
h
is r
ese
ar
ch
in
te
rests
.
E
-
m
ai
l
:
abd
ese
le
m
c
haka
r@gm
ai
l
.
co
m
Ab
delk
halek
O
thman
e
i
n
1976,
he
was
born
in
Ta
ghit,
B
ec
h
ar,
Alger
ia.
He
hold
s
an
Eng
.
degr
ee from
B
echar
Univer
sity
C
ent
er
,
a
Magiste
r
's de
gre
e
fro
m
Si
di
-
bel
-
Abbes Un
ive
rsity
,
and
a
Ph.D.
fro
m
Univ
ersit
y
of
Bec
har
.
He
is
cu
rre
ntl
y
Profess
or
of
Elec
tri
c
al
En
gine
er
ing
at
B
ec
h
ar
Univ
e
rsity.
Pow
er
e
lectr
oni
cs,
powe
r
eff
icienc
y
,
activ
e
fi
ltering,
DV
R,
UP
QC,
cont
r
ol
,
dig
it
a
l
c
ontrol
,
and
lo
ad
flow
opti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
are
som
e
of
h
i
s
rese
arc
h
intere
sts.
Study
on
low
-
voltage
DC
mi
cro
-
gr
ids
and
ren
ewa
bl
e
e
ner
gy
in
te
gra
ti
o
n
int
o
isla
nd
micro
-
grids.
E
-
mail :
oth
ma
n
e_e
l
ec
@yahoo
.
f
r
Gasb
aoui
Brahi
m
,
h
e
obtaine
d
a
d
egr
e
e
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
eng
in
ee
ring
from
Tiare
t's
Ibn
-
Khaldoun
Univ
e
rsity
in
1993
,
a
ma
ster's
d
egr
e
e
f
rom
Be
cha
r
Uni
ver
sity
in
2008
,
and
a
Ph.
D.
from
Be
cha
r
Univer
sity's
Fac
ult
y
of
Sci
ence
and
Technol
ogy
in
2009.
He
is
c
urre
ntl
y
a
profe
ss
or
of
el
ec
tr
ic
a
l
engi
n
eering
at
Univer
si
ty
of
b
ec
h
ar.
Pow
er
elec
tronics,
robust
cont
rol
for
elec
tri
c
v
ehi
c
le
s
an
d
propulsion
sys
te
ms,
power
elec
tron
ic
s,
ant
i
lo
ck
bra
k
e
sys
te
ms,
and
an
t
i
-
skid
con
trol
for
elec
tr
ic
vehicl
e
drive
s
ar
e
am
on
g
it
s
r
ese
ar
ch
intere
sts.
E
-
m
ai
l
:
gasba
ou
i_
2009@yahoo.
co
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Power
m
anage
men
t
strategy
ba
s
ed
suge
no fuzzy l
og
ic
ru
le
s
… (
C
ha
k
ar
A
bd
e
sel
em
)
1195
Sou
me
ur
mohammed
amine
,
h
e
obt
ai
ne
d
a
B
.
Sc.
in
elec
tr
ical
engi
n
ee
r
ing
fro
m
T
ahr
i
Mohame
d
Univ
ersit
y
in
B
ec
h
ar
,
Alger
i
a,
in
20
15,
and
an
M.S
c.
in
cont
ro
l
of
el
e
ct
ri
c
sys
te
ms
from
T
ahr
i
Moham
ed
Univer
sity
in
Be
cha
r,
Alger
i
a,
in
2017.
He
is
now
a
Ph.D.
ca
ndid
at
e
at
Ta
h
ri
Mohame
d
Uni
ver
sity's
Smart
Grids
&
Rene
wa
ble
En
erg
y
L
abo
rat
ory
in
Bec
har
,
Alger
i
a.
Elec
tri
c
v
ehi
c
l
es,
DC
-
DC
con
ver
te
rs,
power
s
tora
ge
,
PV
sys
tems,
DTC
cont
rol
,
robust
c
ontrol
,
fu
el
c
el
ls
,
pow
er
elec
t
ron
ic
s,
DC
mi
c
ro
-
g
rids,
and
hybrid
sys
te
ms
are
am
ong
his r
e
sea
rch
intere
sts.
E
-
mail : ami
r
ehamo@gma
i
l.com
Hafsi
Ous
sama
,
i
n
2013
and
201
5,
h
e
recei
v
ed
h
i
s
B.
Sc.
in
el
e
ct
r
i
ca
l
a
ct
u
at
or
con
t
rol
fro
m
Ahmed
Draya
Univer
sity
in
A
dra
r,
Alg
eria,
a
nd
his
M.Sc.
in
elec
tr
ical
ac
tu
a
tor
con
trol
from
T
ahr
i
Mohame
d
Univer
si
ty
in
B
ec
h
ar,
Alge
ria
.
He
is
cur
ren
t
ly
a
PhD
student
at
T
ahr
i
Mohame
d's
Sm
art
Grids
and
Rene
wab
l
e
En
e
rgie
s
L
abor
at
or
y
in
Be
cha
r
,
A
lge
ri
a.
DC
mi
cro
gr
ids,
DC
-
DC
conve
rte
rs,
ren
ewa
bl
e
en
erg
y,
cont
ro
l
and
ma
nag
em
en
t
sys
te
ms
ar
e
am
ong
h
is r
ese
ar
ch
in
te
rests
.
E
-
m
ai
l
:
ouss
ama5b
m@gm
ail.
com
Har
tani
Moha
mme
d
amine
i
n
1993,
h
e
was
born
in
B
eni
-
Ounif,
Be
cha
r
,
Alger
ia.
In
2015,
h
e
gra
du
ated
f
rom
T
ahr
i
M
oham
m
ed
Unive
rsity
in
Bec
h
ar,
Alger
ia,
with
a
degr
ee
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
eng
ineeri
ng.
In
2017
,
h
e
e
arn
ed
a
m
aster's
degr
e
e
in
e
lectr
i
ca
l
m
ac
hin
er
y
cont
ro
l
and
moni
tor
ing
from
the
sa
me
unive
rsity
.
N
ow,
he
is
a
doc
t
ora
l
studen
t
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
engi
ne
eri
ng
in
col
l
abor
ation
w
it
h
Ahm
ed
Dra
ya
univ
ersit
y
,
a
dra
r,
Alger
i
a
a
nd
Ta
hr
i
Mohame
d
un
ivers
it
y,
B
ec
ha
r,
Al
ger
ia.
his
rese
ar
che
s
foc
us
on
th
e
en
erg
y
m
ana
g
em
en
t
o
f
isla
nd
and
re
m
ote
ar
ea
s,
in
te
g
rat
ion
of
ren
e
wable
e
n
erg
ie
s
in
dc
sm
art
mi
cro
gr
ids,
aut
onomous
an
d
hybrid
sys
tems
base
d
on
r
ene
wabl
e
en
erg
ie
s
and
storag
e
devi
c
es,
opti
mization
m
et
hods,
class
ic
a
l
cont
rol
stra
tegies
and
g
enet
ic
al
gor
it
hms.
E
-
mail
:
am
in
edc
grid17
@gma
il.c
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.