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23
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1
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.
v
1
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4
.
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K
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C
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Dir
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q
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C
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A
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:
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1.
I
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RO
D
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I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
esear
ch
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n
n
eu
tr
al
-
p
o
in
t
-
clam
p
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(
N
PC
)
m
u
ltil
ev
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in
v
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ter
s
h
as
r
ec
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
ter
est
d
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o
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,
l
o
w
h
a
r
m
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to
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tio
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s
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d
e
x
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llen
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f
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m
an
ce
s
,
esp
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f
o
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m
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m
-
v
o
ltag
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an
d
h
ig
h
-
p
o
we
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
]
-
[
5
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
i
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allo
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a
s
in
g
le
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
s
u
p
p
ly
with
ler
g
er
v
o
ltag
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v
alu
es,
th
e
NPC
in
v
er
ter
th
at
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
3
3
y
ea
r
s
ag
o
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
m
an
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
it
also
h
as
an
ad
v
a
n
tag
e,
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
h
as
a
m
ajo
r
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
,
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am
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y
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b
ala
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ce
ca
p
a
cito
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v
o
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es
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tr
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in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ON
-
d
u
r
atio
n
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
v
o
lta
g
es f
o
r
th
e
two
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
f
lu
ct
u
ate
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
p
o
ten
tial
(
NPP)
wh
ich
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
witch
es
d
u
e
to
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
m
ay
s
o
lv
e
to
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t
b
y
i
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cr
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s
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th
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ca
p
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b
u
t
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
t
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
in
c
r
ea
s
e
[
7
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
Hy
s
ter
esi
s
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
2
]
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SV
M)
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
ar
e
av
ailab
le
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
es
ac
r
o
s
s
D
C
-
b
u
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
SVM
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
also
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
wit
ch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
an
d
f
lex
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le
im
p
lem
en
tat
io
n
f
o
r
v
ec
to
r
co
n
t
r
o
l
[
1
3
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
SVM
im
p
lan
tatio
n
to
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
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ter
in
v
o
lv
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co
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
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al
g
o
r
ith
m
wh
ic
h
m
ay
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
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co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
alan
cin
g
co
n
tr
o
l,
b
u
t
it
e
m
p
lo
y
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
an
d
p
r
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d
u
ce
s
v
ar
iab
le
s
witch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Mu
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
p
o
te
n
tia
l b
a
la
n
cin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
…
(
Zu
r
a
id
i Md
Ta
h
ir
)
2385
2.
SPAC
E
V
E
C
T
O
R
M
O
DU
L
AT
I
O
N
Mu
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
two
-
lev
el
s
p
ac
e
v
e
cto
r
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SVPW
M
)
f
ee
d
b
y
g
en
er
al
SVPW
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
two
-
le
v
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
o
n
-
tim
es
an
d
th
e
r
ec
k
o
n
in
g
o
f
o
n
-
tim
e
s
f
o
r
an
n
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
b
ec
o
m
e
ea
s
ier
.
T
h
e
m
ap
p
in
g
v
ec
t
o
r
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
attain
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
f
SVPW
M
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
g
ain
ed
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
as
s
ev
er
al
tech
n
ica
l
p
ap
er
s
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
o
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
t
wo
-
lev
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
ian
g
u
lar
/s
ec
to
r
,
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
o
n
-
tim
es
a
n
d
m
ap
p
i
n
g
o
f
v
ec
to
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws an
ex
am
p
le
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
s
u
s
in
g
tw
o
-
lev
el
b
ased
SVPW
M
in
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
as
g
en
e
r
ally
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
7
]
.
At
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e,
v*
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
to
th
e
n
ew
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
,
v
new
s
u
ch
th
at
eq
u
iv
alen
t
to
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
two
-
lev
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
As
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
o
r
ig
in
o
f
v
new
is
ch
an
g
e
d
to
lo
ca
te
at
v
L1
,
i.e
.
(
2
2
1
)
o
r
(
1
1
0
)
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
r
esu
ltan
t
v
ec
to
r
v
new
is
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
n
ew
d
i
r
ec
t
-
an
d
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
-
a
x
is
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
i.e
.
v
new
αo
an
d
v
new
βo
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
t
an
d
ar
d
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
o
n
-
d
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
s
ca
lcu
lated
in
two
-
lev
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as g
i
v
en
in
(
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ed
ef
in
e
a
n
ew
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
t
h
at
eq
u
iv
alen
ts
to
two
-
lev
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
=
[
−
2ℎ
]
=
[
2ℎ
]
=
−
−
(
1
)
wh
er
e
T
s
is
th
e
s
witch
in
g
p
e
r
io
d
,
t
a
an
d
t
b
ar
e
th
e
o
n
-
tim
es
f
o
r
a
d
jace
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
v
new
with
in
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ap
p
in
g
v
ec
to
r
s
c
o
n
d
u
cted
,
it
is
d
esira
b
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
b
y
d
ef
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
s
ec
to
r
a
n
d
t
r
ian
g
u
lar
.
Var
i
o
u
s
tech
n
i
q
u
es
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
s
ec
to
r
an
d
tr
ian
g
u
lar
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
in
wh
ich
aim
e
d
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
b
alan
ce
o
f
n
eu
tr
al
-
p
o
in
t
p
o
ten
tial,
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
tr
ian
g
u
lar
/s
ec
to
r
ar
e
s
witch
ed
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Hem
an
th
an
d
Ma
k
ar
an
d
[
1
9
]
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
l
o
wer
am
p
li
tu
d
e
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
(
in
∆
0
)
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
witch
in
g
o
f
v
ec
to
r
s
to
k
ee
p
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
alan
ci
n
g
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t c
an
b
e
n
o
ticed
t
h
at
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
v
ec
to
r
s
with
i
n
a
s
am
p
lin
g
p
er
i
o
d
av
o
id
lar
g
e
d
if
f
er
en
t v
o
ltag
e
r
esu
lted
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
k
ee
p
th
e
b
alan
ci
n
g
o
f
n
eu
t
r
al
-
p
o
in
t
p
o
te
n
tial.
An
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
v
ir
tu
al
v
ec
to
r
c
o
n
ce
p
t,
i.e
.
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
SVM
tech
n
i
q
u
e
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
s
am
e
id
ea
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
v
ec
to
r
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
wh
er
e
th
e
v
ec
to
r
is
s
wi
tch
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
th
e
im
b
alan
ce
p
o
te
n
tials
.
Ultim
ately
,
it
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
m
ay
lead
to
two
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
as
s
witch
in
g
o
f
v
ec
to
r
s
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
-
p
o
in
t
p
o
te
n
tial
to
b
e
b
al
an
ce
d
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
as
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
ty
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
e.
g
.
s
u
d
d
e
n
la
r
g
e
d
em
a
n
d
/lo
ad
an
d
d
ea
d
-
tim
e
ef
f
ec
ts
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
th
e
two
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
o
ltag
es
d
ev
iate
g
r
a
d
u
ally
.
T
h
is
will
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
ar
e
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
s
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
is
n
o
t
o
p
tim
ized
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
3
84
–
2
3
92
2386
in
v
er
ter
.
B
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
s
witch
in
g
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
tr
an
s
itio
n
o
f
v
ec
to
r
v
o
(
1
1
1
)
to
v
L1
(
2
2
1
)
r
esu
lts
in
lar
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
two
p
h
ases
o
f
in
v
er
ter
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
te
d
th
a
t
h
ig
h
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
in
g
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
an
d
h
en
ce
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
t
h
is
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
v
o
id
ed
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Switch
in
g
v
ec
to
r
s
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
b
ased
o
n
2
-
lev
el
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
b
ala
n
cin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
B
A
L
AN
CING
CO
NT
RO
L
ST
R
T
A
T
E
G
Y
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
ca
p
a
cito
r
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
ev
er
y
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ON
d
u
r
atio
n
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
will
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
a
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
in
v
e
r
ter
will
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
c
ar
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
s
et
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
to
e
s
tab
lis
h
h
ig
h
co
n
tr
o
l
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
I
n
s
o
d
o
in
g
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
ith
o
u
t th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
i
n
teg
r
al
(
PI
)
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
as u
tili
ze
d
in
[
2
2
]
.
As
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
t
h
e
SVM
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
esti
m
ato
r
t
o
c
alcu
late
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
-
a
n
d
q
-
ax
is
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
ac
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
e
cto
r
w
h
ich
lead
s
to
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
b
ala
n
cin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fro
m
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e,
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
q
u
an
t
ities
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
eir
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
wh
ich
ar
e
th
en
r
eg
u
lated
b
y
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
c
ar
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
q
u
an
tity
th
at
h
as
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
wh
ich
h
as
twice
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
q
u
an
tity
th
at
h
as
lo
w
er
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
th
at
h
as
lo
wer
r
esp
o
n
s
e
as
well
as
s
m
al
ler
co
n
tr
o
l
b
an
d
wid
th
,
its
v
ec
to
r
is
d
ir
ec
tly
ch
an
g
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
,
as g
iv
en
in
(
2
)
.
∆
̅
=
(
̅
−
(
̅
)
)
.
∆
(
2
)
wh
er
e
(
̅
)
is
th
e
o
h
m
ic
d
r
o
p
.
W
h
ile,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
ab
le
q
u
an
tit
y
th
at
h
as q
u
ic
k
r
esp
o
n
s
e
as we
ll a
s
h
ig
h
co
n
tr
o
l b
an
d
wid
th
,
its
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
is
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
∆
̅
,
as d
ef
in
ed
in
(
3
)
,
t
h
is
y
ield
s
.
=
̅
.
(
̅
)
.
(
−
)
(
3
)
wh
er
e
k
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
r
d
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
th
at
h
as
a
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
in
g
ac
tio
n
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
h
ig
h
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
witch
in
g
v
ec
to
r
s
,
it
is
b
eliev
ed
t
h
at
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
o
f
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
x
ce
ed
t
h
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
lo
p
e
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
.
I
t is th
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es
ca
n
b
e
r
estricte
d
ar
o
u
n
d
o
n
e
h
alf
o
f
DC
v
o
ltag
e.
As
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
llab
le
q
u
a
n
titi
es
ar
e
r
e
g
u
lated
with
in
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
at
h
ig
h
co
n
t
r
o
l
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
to
estab
lis
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
wi
tch
in
g
s
tates
an
d
ON
d
u
r
atio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
at,
th
e
tim
e
tak
en
to
ap
p
ly
s
h
o
r
t
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
v
ec
to
r
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
(
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
th
e
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
am
p
lin
g
p
e
r
io
d
(
T
s
)
will
b
e
eq
u
ally
d
iv
i
d
ed
i
n
to
two
;
o
n
e
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
(
2
1
1
)
(
o
r
(
1
1
0
)
)
an
d
an
o
th
er
o
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Mu
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
p
o
te
n
tia
l b
a
la
n
cin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
…
(
Zu
r
a
id
i Md
Ta
h
ir
)
2387
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
(
1
0
0
)
(
o
r
(
2
2
1
)
)
.
I
n
s
o
d
o
in
g
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
b
o
th
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ca
n
b
e
b
ala
n
ce
d
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
as e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
f
o
r
b
alan
ci
n
g
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es a
n
d
co
n
s
tan
t switch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
4.
DIRE
CT
T
O
RQ
UE
CO
N
T
RO
L
O
F
I
NDUC
T
I
O
N
M
O
T
O
R
DRIV
E
S
Dir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l (
DT
C
)
is
a
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
d
r
iv
e
in
v
er
te
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
by
T
ak
ah
ash
i
an
d
No
g
u
ch
i
in
1
8
9
6
[
2
3
]
an
d
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
b
ased
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
(
4
)
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
is
b
ein
g
as
[
5
]
.
L
o
t
o
f
tech
n
ica
l
p
ap
er
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
e
g
r
ea
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
DT
C
s
ch
e
m
e
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
8
]
=
3
2
−
2
|
|
.
|
|
s
in
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
t
o
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
D
T
C
)
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
wo
r
k
in
g
with
3
lev
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
with
m
u
lt
icar
r
ier
s
witch
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
h
ig
h
b
a
n
d
wid
th
p
o
ten
tial
b
alan
cin
g
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
3
-
le
v
e
l
NPC
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
,
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le,
v
o
ltag
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
d
-
q
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ca
lcu
l
atio
n
s
ec
to
r
d
etec
tio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
r
ee
lev
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
as
d
etail
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
was
ea
r
ly
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Alias
et
a
l
.
in
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
er
v
e
r
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
,
1
2
s
witch
es
I
GB
T
,
two
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
s
ix
d
io
d
es.
Ma
p
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
th
r
ee
le
v
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
ased
o
n
th
eir
am
p
litu
d
e
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
f
o
u
r
ty
p
e
o
f
v
ec
to
r
wh
ich
a
r
e
lo
n
g
,
m
e
d
iu
m
,
s
h
o
r
t
an
d
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
v
ec
to
r
,
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
an
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
t
y
p
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
3
84
–
2
3
92
2388
F
u
g
u
r
e
5
.
DT
C
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
wo
r
k
in
g
with
3
lev
el
N
PC
in
v
er
ter
with
m
u
lticar
r
ier
s
witch
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
3
-
lev
el
NPC
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
T
ab
le
1
.
T
y
p
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
v
eto
r
an
g
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
NPC
Ty
p
e
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
e
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
Lo
n
g
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
2
2
0
,
2
0
0
,
2
0
2
,
0
0
2
,
0
2
2
,
0
2
0
2
/
3
M
e
d
i
u
m
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
1
2
0
,
2
1
0
,
2
0
1
,
1
0
2
,
0
1
2
,
0
2
1
/
√
3
S
h
o
r
t
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
2
2
1
,
2
1
1
,
2
1
2
,
1
1
2
,
1
2
2
,
1
2
1
,
1
1
0
,
1
0
0
,
1
0
1
,
0
0
1
,
0
1
1
,
0
1
0
/
3
Ze
r
o
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
2
2
2
,
1
1
1
,
0
0
0
0
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Vo
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
T
h
r
ee
lev
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Mu
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
p
o
te
n
tia
l b
a
la
n
cin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
…
(
Zu
r
a
id
i Md
Ta
h
ir
)
2389
5.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
witch
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
3
-
lev
el
NPC
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
d
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
I
n
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
is
s
et
at
1
.
5
at
in
itial c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
n
r
is
e
to
2
af
ter
1
s
ec
o
n
d
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
h
o
ws
th
e
th
e
esti
m
ated
to
r
q
u
e
ca
n
f
o
llo
w
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
wh
ile
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
VC
1
an
d
VC
2
s
till
r
eg
u
late
at
h
alf
o
f
Vd
c
at
1
2
0
v
o
t.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
ca
r
r
ier
wav
e
f
o
r
m
co
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
T
err
,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
T
err
r
e
g
u
late
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
th
at
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
esti
m
atio
n
r
eg
u
lates
b
etwe
en
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
I
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
,
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
I
a
s
h
o
w
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
T
o
q
u
e
wh
ile
th
e
f
lu
x
s
til
r
em
ain
r
eg
u
late
at
th
e
in
itial v
alu
e
as sh
o
w
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
S
t
a
t
o
r
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
,
R
s
6
.
1
Ω
R
o
t
o
r
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
R
r
6
.
2
2
9
8
Ω
S
t
a
t
o
r
s
e
l
f
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
,
L
s
0
.
4
7
9
7
9
H
R
o
t
o
r
sel
f
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
,
Lr
0
.
4
7
9
7
9
H
M
u
t
u
a
l
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
,
L
m
0
.
4
6
3
4
H
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
o
l
e
p
a
i
r
s,
P
2
D
C
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
4
0
V
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
ar
r
ier
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
co
m
p
ar
e
with
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
,
T
er
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
3
84
–
2
3
92
2390
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
esti
m
ato
r
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
a
wav
ef
o
r
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Flu
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
esti
m
ato
r
wav
ef
o
r
m
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
s
im
p
le
co
n
t
r
o
l f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
DT
C
f
ed
b
y
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
witch
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
im
b
alan
ce
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
NPC
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
tr
ateg
y
p
r
eser
v
ed
th
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
DT
C
a
n
d
ap
p
ly
t
h
e
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
witch
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
elim
in
ate
u
s
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
lta
g
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
v
ed
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
im
b
alan
ce
d
v
o
ltag
es.
I
n
s
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RE
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NC
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[1
]
C.
Lao
u
fi,
Z.
S
a
d
o
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n
e
,
A.
Ab
b
o
u
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
k
h
e
rra
z
,
“
Ne
w
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lec
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m
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c
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tro
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r
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field
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o
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tr
o
l
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f
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d
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io
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m
o
t
o
r
fe
d
b
y
m
u
l
ti
lev
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l
i
n
v
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rter,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
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d
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m
(IJ
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)
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1
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.
[2
]
D.
Ro
y
,
S
.
K
u
m
a
r,
a
n
d
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
re
g
io
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se
lec
ti
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n
a
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p
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VPW
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NPC
in
v
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n
e
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tri
c
v
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h
icle
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
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d
Dr
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S
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ste
m (IJPEDS
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,
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1
0
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4
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2391
[3
]
G
.
S
h
a
sh
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h
u
sh
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
S
o
n
o
li
,
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u
lt
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o
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ti
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e
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with
P
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ter
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o
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rn
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PE
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)
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v
1
1
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p
p
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2
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2
.
[4
]
G
.
S
h
a
sh
ib
h
u
s
h
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
S
o
n
o
li
,
“
S
tartin
g
t
o
rq
u
e
a
n
d
to
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rip
p
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e
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d
u
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n
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g
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b
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ter
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a
t
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l
J
o
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rn
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l
o
f
Po
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1
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0
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p
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1
1
2
3
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1
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3
2
.
[5
]
J.
Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
,
S
.
Be
r
n
e
t,
P
.
K.
S
te
ime
r,
a
n
d
I.
E.
Li
z
a
m
a
,
“
A
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rters
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tr
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ics
,
v
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l
.
5
7
,
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o
.
7
,
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p
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2
2
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2
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ly
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0
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0
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1
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9
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I
E.
2
0
0
9
.
2
0
3
2
4
3
0
.
[6
]
B.
Wu
a
n
d
M
.
N
a
rimi,
‘‘
Hi
g
h
-
P
o
we
r
Co
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
Driv
e
,
’’
2
n
d
Ed
.
,
Ne
w
J
e
rs
e
y
:
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s I
n
c
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
D.
M
o
h
a
n
,
X.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
G
.
H.
B.
F
o
o
,
“
A
S
imp
le
Du
t
y
Cy
c
le
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
y
to
Re
d
u
c
e
To
rq
u
e
Rip
p
les
a
n
d
Im
p
ro
v
e
Lo
w
-
S
p
e
e
d
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
T
h
re
e
-
Lev
e
l
In
v
e
rter
F
e
d
DTC
IP
M
S
M
Dri
v
e
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
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l
.
6
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
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7
2
1
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0
1
7
,
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o
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1
0
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1
1
0
9
/
TIE
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
6
3
6
2
0
2
.
[8
]
M
.
F
.
Esc
a
lan
te,
J.
-
C.
Va
n
n
ier,
a
n
d
A.
Arz
a
n
d
e
,
“
F
l
y
in
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
DTC
m
o
t
o
r
d
ri
v
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
io
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
0
9
-
8
1
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
2
,
d
o
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:
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0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
0
2
.
8
0
1
2
3
1
.
[9
]
H.
Ism
a
il
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Dire
c
t
To
r
q
u
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
u
si
n
g
3
-
lev
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rter,
”
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
t
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
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me
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t
(
S
CORe
D)
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
-
5
7
6
,
d
o
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1
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1
1
0
9
/
S
CORED.2
0
1
5
.
7
4
4
9
4
0
1
.
[1
0
]
A.
S
a
d
e
g
h
i,
M
.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
ian
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
p
a
ra
sti,
a
n
d
A.
F
a
tem
i,
“
A
n
e
w
sw
it
c
h
in
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
v
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lt
a
g
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
o
f
a
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
NPC
in
DTC
d
ri
v
e
o
f
a
t
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
IM
,
”
2
0
1
3
T
we
n
ty
-
Ei
g
h
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
IE
EE
Ap
p
li
e
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
(AP
EC)
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
9
-
4
9
5
,
d
o
i:
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0
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1
1
0
9
/A
P
EC.
2
0
1
3
.
6
5
2
0
2
5
4
.
[1
1
]
O.
S
a
n
d
re
-
He
rn
a
n
d
e
z
,
J.
Ra
n
g
e
l
-
M
a
g
d
a
len
o
,
R.
M
o
ra
les
-
Ca
p
o
ra
l,
a
n
d
E.
Bo
n
il
la
-
Hu
e
rta,
“
HIL
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
DTC
fo
r
a
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
i
n
v
e
rter
f
e
d
a
P
M
S
M
wit
h
n
e
u
tral
-
p
o
i
n
t
b
a
lan
c
in
g
c
o
n
tro
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
F
P
G
A,
”
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
1
-
1
4
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s0
0
2
0
2
-
0
1
7
-
0
5
9
7
-
0.
[1
2
]
N.
F
.
Alias
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
sim
p
le
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
b
a
lan
c
i
n
g
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
n
e
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tral
-
p
o
i
n
t
-
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rter
fe
d
d
irec
t
t
o
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tro
l
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,
”
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
1
1
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
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e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
2
-
1
0
0
6
,
d
o
i:
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0
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1
1
0
9
/P
EDS
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
2
0
3
5
5
1
.
[1
3
]
C.
Ha
ri
Kris
h
n
a
,
J.
Am
a
rn
a
th
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
m
a
k
sh
a
iah
,
“
S
imp
l
ifi
e
d
S
VPW
M
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
n
e
u
tral
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
3
-
lev
e
l
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
fe
d
DTC
-
I
M
d
ri
v
e
,
”
2
0
1
2
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
P
o
we
r
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(AP
CET
)
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
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1
1
0
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.
2
0
1
2
.
6
3
0
2
0
0
2
.
[1
4
]
A.
K.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
A.
M
.
Kh
a
m
b
a
d
k
o
n
e
,
“
A
S
p
a
c
e
Ve
c
to
r
P
WM
S
c
h
e
m
e
fo
r
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
Ba
se
d
o
n
Two
-
Lev
e
l
S
p
a
c
e
Ve
c
to
r
P
WM
,
”
in
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
1
-
1
6
3
9
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TIE
.
2
0
0
6
.
8
8
1
9
8
9
.
[1
5
]
S.
A.
A.
Taru
sa
n
,
A.
Jid
i
n
,
M
.
L.
M
.
Ja
m
il
,
K.
A.
Ka
rim,
a
n
d
T.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
”
A
re
v
iew
o
f
d
irec
t
to
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
v
a
rio
u
s
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (IJPEDS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
5
-
1
6
8
8
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
p
e
d
s
.
v
1
1
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
6
7
5
-
1
6
8
8
.
[1
6
]
Y.
F
i
r
o
u
z
,
M
.
T.
Bin
a
,
a
n
d
B.
Es
k
a
n
d
a
ri,
”
Eff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
n
e
u
tral
-
p
o
in
t
c
lam
p
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
s:
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
o
we
r
lo
ss
e
s,
t
h
e
rm
a
l
m
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
i
fe
ti
m
e
p
re
d
ictio
n
,
”
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
,
I
ET
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
9
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/i
e
t
-
p
e
l
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
7
1
1
.
[1
7
]
U.
Ch
o
i,
J.
Lee
,
a
n
d
K
.
Lee
,
“
Ne
w
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
S
trate
g
y
to
Ba
lan
c
e
th
e
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
Vo
l
tag
e
fo
r
T
h
re
e
-
Lev
e
l
Ne
u
tral
-
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rter
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
1
-
1
0
0
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
EC
.
2
0
1
3
.
2
2
9
3
5
0
2
.
[1
8
]
N.
R.
N.
I
d
ris
a
n
d
A.
H.
M
.
Ya
ti
m
,
“
Re
d
u
c
e
d
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
a
n
d
c
o
n
sta
n
t
to
r
q
u
e
sw
it
c
h
in
g
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
d
irec
t
to
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
”
AP
EC
2
0
0
0
.
Fi
ft
e
e
n
th
An
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
Ap
p
li
e
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
(Ca
t
.
No
.
0
0
CH3
7
0
5
8
)
,
2
0
0
0
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
-
1
6
1
v
o
l
.
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/AP
EC.
2
0
0
0
.
8
2
6
0
9
9
.
[1
9
]
B.
H.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Lo
k
h
a
n
d
e
,
‘‘
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
witch
i
n
g
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
n
a
G
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
S
VP
WM
Alg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
rters
,
’’
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
irc
u
it
s,
S
y
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
P
.
1
9
5
0
0
3
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
4
2
/
S
0
2
1
8
1
2
6
6
1
9
5
0
0
3
6
1
.
[2
0
]
S
.
Da
s
a
n
d
G
.
Na
ra
y
a
n
a
n
,
“
An
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
Clo
se
d
-
F
o
rm
Ex
p
re
ss
io
n
s
f
o
r
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
Disto
rti
o
n
C
o
rre
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
No
v
e
l
S
witch
in
g
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
fo
r
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
I
n
v
e
rters
,
”
in
I
E
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
4
4
8
5
-
4
4
9
7
,
S
e
p
t.
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TIE
.
2
0
1
3
.
2
2
9
3
7
0
8
.
[2
1
]
H.
Ism
a
il
,
F
.
P
a
tk
a
r,
A.
Ji
d
in
,
A
.
Z.
Jid
i
n
,
N.
A.
N.
Az
lan
,
a
n
d
T.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
”
Co
n
sta
n
t
S
witch
i
n
g
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
To
rq
u
e
Rip
p
le
M
i
n
imiz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
D
TC
o
f
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s
with
T
h
re
e
-
lev
e
l
NPC
I
n
v
e
rter,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
5
-
1
0
4
9
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
p
e
d
s.v
8
i
3
.
p
p
1
0
3
5
-
1
0
4
9
.
[2
2
]
N.
F
.
Alias
,
A.
Jid
in
,
A.
Ra
z
i,
T.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
a
n
d
H.
Ism
a
il
,
“
S
imp
le
S
witch
i
n
g
S
trate
g
y
fo
r
Hi
g
h
-
To
rq
u
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
Ne
u
tral
P
o
i
n
t
Clam
p
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
0
-
4
0
8
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
p
e
d
s
.
v
3
i4
.
5
2
4
8
.
[2
3
]
I.
Tak
a
h
a
sh
i
a
n
d
T.
No
g
u
c
h
i,
“
A
Ne
w
Qu
ick
-
Re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
Hi
g
h
-
Eff
icie
n
c
y
Co
n
tro
l
S
trate
g
y
o
f
a
n
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
IA
-
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
8
2
0
-
8
2
7
,
S
e
p
t.
1
9
8
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TIA.
1
9
8
6
.
4
5
0
4
7
9
9
.
[2
4
]
D.
Isla
m
,
C.
M
.
F
.
S
.
Re
z
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
k
h
il
e
f,
“
DTC
-
IM
d
riv
e
with
5
-
lev
e
l
h
y
b
rid
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
h
-
b
ri
d
g
e
in
v
e
rter,
”
2
0
1
4
9
th
I
EE
E
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
2
-
3
3
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICI
EA.
2
0
1
4
.
6
9
3
1
1
8
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
3
84
–
2
3
92
2392
[2
5
]
N
.
F
.
Alias
,
A.
Jid
in
,
M
.
A.
S
a
id
,
A.
R.
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
,
H.
J
o
p
ri
,
a
n
d
N.
H.
Ra
h
im,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
Dire
c
t
To
rq
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
wit
h
3
-
lev
e
l
Ne
u
tral
P
o
i
n
t
C
lam
p
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter,
”
2
0
1
3
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
(ICEM
S
)
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
0
-
2
1
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/IC
EM
S
.
2
0
1
3
.
6
7
1
3
1
8
8
.
[2
6
]
N.
M
.
No
r
d
in
,
N.
A.
Az
li
,
N.
R.
N.
Id
ris,
N.
H.
Ra
m
lan
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
”
Co
n
sta
n
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
To
r
q
u
e
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
DTC
with
M
u
l
ti
lev
e
l
I
n
v
e
rter
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
s,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (IJPEDS
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
4
4
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jp
e
d
s.v
7
.
i
1
.
p
p
2
8
-
4
4
.
[2
7
]
N.
M.
No
r
d
in
,
N
.
R.
N.
Id
ris,
N.
A.
Az
li
,
a
n
d
M
.
Z.
P
u
teh
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
-
P
I
T
o
rq
u
e
a
n
d
F
l
u
x
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
s
fo
r
DTC
wit
h
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
rter
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(IJ
PE
DS
),
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
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Y.
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B
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M.
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n
g
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d
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s
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n
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l
o
g
i
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lay
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,
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h
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g
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a
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in
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0
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h
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ro
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k
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M
a
lay
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e
lak
a
,
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
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e
a
rc
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in
tere
sts in
c
lu
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P
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we
r
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c
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d
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o
to
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S
y
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m
s.
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id
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n
re
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e
iv
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d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s,
M
.
En
g
.
d
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g
re
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s
a
n
d
P
h
.
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d
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g
re
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in
P
o
we
r
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c
tro
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d
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s
fro
m
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n
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Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
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sia
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h
r
u
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in
2
0
0
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,
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a
n
d
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0
1
1
,
re
s
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ti
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ly
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is
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F
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f
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k
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a
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is
a
lso
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n
a
c
ti
v
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se
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r
in
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r
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v
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m
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c
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lt
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.
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re
se
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r
c
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tere
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in
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s
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ield
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m
m
a
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d
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d
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g
re
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fro
m
th
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o
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M
ARA
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S
h
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h
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m
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in
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0
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M
.
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c
.
d
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m
Un
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wc
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in
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,
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d
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m
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Un
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it
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S
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ffield
,
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h
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ffield
,
U.K.
,
in
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0
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n
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k
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is
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lso
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ti
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v
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ro
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(
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sta
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li
s
h
e
d
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r
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m
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fa
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lt
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
t
h
e
De
sig
n
,
Co
n
tro
l
,
a
n
d
An
a
l
y
sis o
f
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
-
M
a
g
n
e
t
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
.
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