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11
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69
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h
i
c
h
pr
o
vi
de
f
a
s
t
a
nd
r
e
l
i
a
bl
e
c
ont
r
ol
o
ve
r
v
ol
t
a
ge
a
n
gl
e
,
m
a
g
ni
t
ude
a
n
d l
i
ne
i
m
pe
d
a
nc
e
s
uc
h
a
s
s
t
a
t
i
c
s
y
nc
hr
ono
us
c
o
m
p
e
ns
a
to
r
s
(S
T
A
T
C
O
M
’
s
)
.
A
c
c
o
rd
i
n
g
t
o
[
1
]
,
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
i
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
b
y
I
EEE a
s
se
l
f
-
co
m
m
u
t
at
ed
s
w
i
t
ch
i
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
v
e
r
t
er
s
u
p
p
l
i
ed
f
r
o
m
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
at
e el
ect
r
i
c en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce a
n
d
o
p
er
a
t
ed
t
o
pr
o
duc
e
a
s
e
t
of
a
dj
us
t
a
bl
e
m
ul
t
i
pha
s
e
v
ol
t
a
ge
,
w
hi
c
h m
a
y be
c
o
u
pl
e
d
t
o a
n
AC
p
o
we
r
s
ys
t
e
m
f
o
r
t
he
p
ur
p
o
s
e
of
e
xc
h
a
ng
ing
i
nde
pe
n
de
nt
l
y
c
ont
r
ol
l
a
bl
e
r
e
a
l
a
nd r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
p
o
we
r
.
S
T
A
T
C
O
M pr
ovi
de
m
e
a
ns
o
f
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nt
r
e
a
l
po
we
r
m
od
ul
a
t
i
on c
a
pa
bi
l
i
t
y
[
9
,
10
]
.
T
he
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n o
f
S
T
A
T
C
O
Ms
f
or
s
h
or
t
-
t
e
r
m
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
i
m
p
r
o
ve
m
e
nt
ha
s
be
e
n pr
o
ve
d
i
n
m
a
ny
s
t
u
di
e
s
w
i
t
h t
he
f
oc
us
o
n
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
po
we
r
c
o
nt
r
ol
a
nd
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
gu
la
tio
n u
s
ing
L
y
a
pu
nov
-
ba
s
e
d
a
da
pt
i
ve
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
[
11
,
12
]
a
n
d
f
eed
b
ac
k
l
i
n
ear
i
zat
i
o
n
[
13
]
.
A
S
T
AT
C
O
M
ge
ne
r
a
l
l
y
c
o
ns
i
s
t
s
of
a
DC
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
,
a
n i
n
ve
r
t
e
r
a
nd
a
c
ou
pl
i
n
g t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
e
r
[
14
]
.
T
h
e c
o
r
r
ect
s
i
zi
n
g
a
n
d
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
a
s
i
t
n
e
e
d
t
o
b
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
l
y
f
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
o
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
i
n t
he
po
we
r
s
ys
t
e
m
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ons
t
ha
t
m
us
t
be
d
o
ne
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
he
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
of
t
he
m
o
de
l
l
e
d
p
owe
r
s
ys
t
e
m
e
i
t
he
r
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
m
ode
l
i
n
s
t
e
a
dy
-
s
t
a
t
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
s
[
14
-
16
]
.
T
he
E
S
S
s
t
or
e
s
e
ne
r
gy
i
n
f
o
r
m
of
m
a
g
ne
t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
ue
t
o
t
he
f
l
ow
of
di
r
e
c
t
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
c
oi
l
.
T
he
e
ne
r
g
y
i
s
s
t
o
r
e
d
f
o
r
a
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
b
a
c
k
i
n
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
[
17
,
18
]
.
It
i
s
g
e
n
e
ra
l
l
y
u
s
e
d
fo
r
s
h
o
rt
du
r
a
t
i
o
n e
ne
r
g
y s
t
or
a
ge
a
n
d
c
om
m
o
nl
y
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
ve
p
ow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y.
T
he
E
S
S
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
r
e
duc
e
s
d
ur
i
n
g
e
ne
r
g
y
t
ra
n
s
fo
r
m
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
es
d
u
e
t
o
s
t
o
r
a
g
e l
o
s
s
es
an
d
ef
f
i
ci
en
ci
es
.
E
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
or
a
ge
s
ys
t
e
m
(
E
S
S
) i
s
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
ev
i
ce
u
s
e
d
t
o
s
t
o
r
e el
ect
r
i
ca
l
en
er
g
y
i
n
ce
r
t
ai
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
r
el
eas
ed
i
t
w
h
en
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.
T
h
e g
en
e
r
al
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
c
on
ve
r
t
i
ng
t
he
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
e
ne
r
gy
i
s
t
hr
ou
g
h
a
n e
n
e
r
g
y c
o
n
ve
r
s
i
on
m
o
dul
e
(
E
C
M)
i
nt
o
a
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
f
o
r
m
or
a
n
en
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
m
e
d
i
u
m
(
E
S
M
)
ei
t
h
e
r
el
ec
t
r
i
cal
,
m
ec
h
an
i
cal
o
r
el
ect
r
o
ch
em
i
cal
[
17
,
19
]
.
T
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
E
S
S
,
t
h
e
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
p
ow
e
r
of
E
S
S
a
nd i
t
s
e
n
e
r
g
y c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
m
us
t
be
c
ons
i
d
e
r
e
d
.
T
he
n
um
be
r
of
cy
cl
es
a
n
d
S
o
C
o
f
t
h
e E
S
S
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
ar
e
t
w
o
m
ai
n
el
em
e
n
t
b
ei
n
g
an
al
y
s
e
t
o
p
r
ed
i
ct
t
h
e
s
u
i
t
ab
l
e E
S
S
m
o
d
el
s
[
20
-
22
]
.
Ca
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
ba
nk
e
ne
r
g
y
s
t
or
a
ge
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
CBE
S
)
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
ag
e s
y
s
t
e
m
(
E
S
S)
av
ai
l
ab
l
e i
n
D
I
g
S
I
L
E
N
T
P
o
w
er
F
ac
tor
y E
nvir
on
m
e
n
t.
C
a
pa
c
ito
r
b
a
n
k is
a
g
r
o
up
o
f
s
e
ve
r
a
l c
a
p
a
c
ito
r
s
of
th
e
s
am
e
r
at
i
n
g
t
h
at
ar
e c
o
n
n
e
ct
ed
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
o
r
p
a
r
al
l
el
w
i
t
h
each
o
t
h
e
r
t
o
s
t
o
r
e el
ect
r
i
cal
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
ca
p
aci
t
o
r
ba
n
k
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
be
c
a
us
e
i
t
ha
s
t
he
c
he
a
pe
s
t
c
o
s
t
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
ot
he
r
t
y
pe
of
E
S
S
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
he
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
p
owe
r
o
f
a
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
em
.
C
B
E
S
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
e r
eact
i
v
e
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
at
e p
l
ace
m
en
t
can
m
ax
i
m
i
ze
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
E
S
S
f
or
p
e
a
k
d
e
m
a
nd m
itig
a
tio
n,
po
w
e
r
qu
a
lity
im
pr
ov
e
m
e
n
t,
r
e
d
u
c
tion of
ov
e
r
a
ll
ne
t
w
or
k
c
os
t
,
p
e
a
k
de
m
a
nd
m
i
t
i
ga
t
i
on,
s
ys
t
e
m
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
a
n
d
R
E
S
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
o
n
[
23
,
24
]
.
T
he
c
om
bi
na
t
i
on
of
S
T
A
T
C
O
M a
n
d E
S
S
a
l
l
ows
m
or
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
po
w
e
r
t
o be
a
bs
or
b,
g
e
ne
r
a
t
e
d
a
nd
c
om
pe
n
s
a
t
e
d.
T
he
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
a
n
d
E
S
S
a
r
e
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d t
o
e
xi
s
t
i
ng s
ys
t
e
m
t
hr
ou
g
h a
c
ou
pl
i
n
g t
r
a
n
s
f
or
m
e
r
.
T
he
c
o
n
ve
nt
i
o
na
l
S
T
AT
C
O
M
ha
s
onl
y t
w
o
s
t
e
a
d
y s
t
a
t
e
ope
r
a
t
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
s
w
hi
c
h a
r
e
i
nd
uc
t
i
ve
(
l
a
ggi
ng
)
a
n
d
c
a
pa
c
i
t
i
ve
(
l
e
a
di
n
g)
.
T
he
out
put
vol
t
a
ge
m
a
gni
t
u
de
a
n
d the
p
h
a
s
e
a
ng
le
o
f
th
e
S
T
AT
C
O
M c
a
n be
c
on
tr
o
lle
d
but
i
t
c
a
nn
ot
b
e
i
nde
pe
nde
nt
l
y a
dj
us
t
e
d
a
s
i
t
ha
s
n
o a
c
t
i
ve
po
w
e
r
.
T
he
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
T
AT
C
OM
w
i
t
h E
S
S
ha
s
e
xt
e
n
d t
he
o
pe
r
a
t
i
n
g
m
o
de
s
i
nt
o
f
o
u
r
w
hi
c
h a
r
e
i
n
d
uc
t
i
ve
w
i
t
h
dc
c
ha
r
ge
,
c
a
pa
c
i
t
i
ve
w
i
t
h
dc
c
ha
r
g
e
,
i
nd
uc
t
i
ve
wi
t
h
dc
c
ha
r
ge
a
n
d
c
a
pa
c
i
t
i
ve
wi
t
h
dc
c
ha
r
ge
.
F
or
bot
h
c
ha
r
gi
n
g
a
nd
di
s
c
ha
r
gi
n
g
m
ode
s
o
f
E
S
S
,
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
ag
e
d
c i
s
a
s
s
u
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
co
n
s
t
an
t
.
T
h
e
v
o
l
t
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
t
er
w
i
l
l
o
p
er
at
e
as
r
ec
t
i
f
i
er
t
o
r
ecei
v
e t
h
e
e
ne
r
g
y
f
r
om
u
t
i
l
it
y p
r
o
vi
de
r
.
T
he
s
u
i
t
a
bl
e
l
oc
a
t
i
on
a
n
d v
a
l
ue
f
o
r
bot
h S
T
AT
C
O
M
a
nd
E
S
S
ne
e
d
t
o
b
e
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d ba
s
e
d on
t
he
w
e
a
ke
s
t
b
us
l
oc
a
t
i
on.
T
he
w
e
a
k
e
s
t
bus
ge
ne
r
a
l
l
y
l
oc
a
t
e
d f
a
r
f
r
o
m
ge
ne
r
a
t
or
bus
e
s
a
nd
i
nt
e
r
c
o
nn
e
c
t
i
ng
wi
t
h
ot
h
e
r
l
oa
d
b
us
e
s
.
T
he
m
o
de
l
of
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
a
nd
E
S
S
i
n
I
E
E
E
14
b
us
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
l
l
b
e
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
ng
D
I
g
S
I
L
E
N
T
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
t
or
y
a
n
d
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
wi
l
l
be
a
na
l
ys
e
d.
2.
ST
A
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I
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4
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1
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R
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[
26
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cas
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1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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SN
:
2
088
-
8
6
94
I
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2
020
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59
–
8
69
8
64
4
.
2
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t
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ig
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u
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he
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l
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t
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ge
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we
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ur
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t
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t
a
ge
(
kV
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ge
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he
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t
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ge
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41
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4
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9
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nd
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5
1
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e
s
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tiv
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ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ig
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ge
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ig
ur
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ge
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c
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4.
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us
1 a
n
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s
t
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t
v
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ge
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or
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us
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t
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t
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ge
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V
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t
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igh
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t
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us
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s
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us
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t
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ge
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V
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t
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t
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t
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or
bu
s
4
a
n
d
b
us
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he
v
ol
t
a
ge
(
k
V
)
a
t
bus
9,
b
us
10
,
bus
1
1,
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s
1
2
,
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us
1
3,
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n
d b
us
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r
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.
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3
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8
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00
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s
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tiv
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om
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r
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s
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us
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t
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ge
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p
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s
.
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us
14
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gh
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di
f
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ur
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t
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bus
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ne
wi
t
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bus
1
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r
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bus
w
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c
h
i
s
b
us
6.
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us
4
a
nd
bus
5 ha
s
t
he
l
owe
s
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
8
6
94
I
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Po
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11
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Ju
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2
020
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8
59
–
8
69
8
66
di
f
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om
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us
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ig
ur
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us
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ig
ur
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.
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u
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C
om
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ile
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r
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h
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t
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i
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t
h
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1
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n
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t
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us
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ur
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h b
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t
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s
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on
ne
c
t
e
d
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o
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ge
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r
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t
or
bus
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hi
c
h
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s
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us
6.
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us
4
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nd
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5 ha
s
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l
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t
di
f
f
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t
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00
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t
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f
a
r
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us
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t
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s
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n
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d
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m
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s
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.
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ig
ur
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11 s
h
o
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t
he
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us
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t
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ge
(
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V
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om
pa
r
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s
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o
r
l
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d
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us
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s
.
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he
r
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a
r
e
s
m
a
l
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nge
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s
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t
a
ge
(
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V)
f
r
o
m
c
a
s
e
2
t
o
c
a
s
e
4
.
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he
r
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t
e
d
bu
s
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t
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ge
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kV
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o
r
m
os
t
l
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d
bus
e
s
a
r
e
1
32
k
V
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n
d
33
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V
.
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us
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us
11
,
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us
1
3
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n
d b
us
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4
i
ni
t
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l
l
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r
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t
e
d
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t
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ove
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.
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he
n
t
he
s
y
s
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e
m
l
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l
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5.
R
EF
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C
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[1]
G.
K.
S
t
e
fopoul
os
a
nd A
.
M
e
l
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o
poul
os
,
"
Induc
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s
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p
a
c
t
on vol
t
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ge
re
c
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ve
ry phe
no
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e
na
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"
i
n
P
r
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he
2005
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