I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1223
~
1
2
2
8
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijp
ed
s
.
v
10
.i
3
.
pp
1
2
2
3
-
1
2
2
8
1223
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JP
E
DS
No
v
el DTC ind
uc
tion ma
chine
driv
e impro
v
ement
us
ing
co
ntrolled re
ctifi
e
r f
o
r D
C vo
ltag
e t
uning
N
o
ur
M
o
ha
m
ed,
T
edj
ini
H
a
m
za
, G
a
s
ba
o
ui
B
ra
him
S
G
RE
Lab
o
ra
to
ry
,
D
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Tah
ri
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Be
c
h
a
r.
Alg
e
ria
.
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Oct
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
2
8
,
2
0
1
9
Acc
ep
ted
Mar
25
,
2
0
1
9
Th
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
irec
t
t
o
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
t
ro
l
stra
teg
y
fo
r
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
riv
e
s
is
m
a
in
l
y
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
e
d
b
y
t
o
rq
u
e
a
n
d
f
lu
x
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
s
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
v
o
lt
a
g
e
v
e
c
to
r
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
to
p
e
rfo
rm
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
DTC
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
ri
v
e
s
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
rip
p
les
o
f
b
o
th
flu
x
a
n
d
to
rq
u
e
re
sp
o
n
se
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
t
rib
u
ti
o
n
is b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
th
e
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
sid
e
o
f
t
h
e
re
c
ti
fier
fe
e
d
in
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
tag
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
b
y
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
in
o
rd
e
r
to
a
d
a
p
t
t
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
v
e
c
to
r
u
se
d
i
n
t
y
p
ica
l
DTC
sw
it
c
h
in
g
tab
le.
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
m
o
d
e
ls
a
re
b
u
il
t
u
sin
g
M
AT
LAB
S
i
m
u
li
n
k
a
n
d
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
;
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
s
u
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
e
d
iffere
n
c
e
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
c
las
sic
a
l
DTC
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DC
Dir
ec
t Cu
r
r
en
t
DT
C
Dir
ec
t T
o
r
q
u
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
I
M
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
VSI
Vo
ltag
e
So
u
r
ce
I
n
v
er
ter
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
All
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
No
u
r
Mo
h
a
m
ed
,
Dep
ar
tem
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
T
ah
r
i M
o
h
am
e
d
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
B
ec
h
ar
.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
s
tr
ee
t,
PB
4
1
7
B
éc
h
ar
AL
GE
R
I
A
.
E
m
ail: n
o
u
r
_
en
s
et@
y
ah
o
o
.
f
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Var
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
d
r
iv
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
ef
f
icien
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t,
m
an
y
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
is
Field
Or
ien
ted
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
FOC
)
[
1
]
,
it
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
ilar
ity
o
f
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
a
n
d
a
s
ep
a
r
ate
ex
ited
DC
m
o
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
[
2
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
FOC
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
DT
C
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
I
.
T
a
k
ah
a
s
h
i
[
3
]
a
n
d
M
.
Dep
e
n
b
r
o
c
k
[
4
,
5
]
in
th
e
m
id
-
ei
g
h
ties
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
r
ec
o
g
n
i
ze
d
to
b
e
an
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
q
u
ick
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
it
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
f
lu
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
d
eq
u
ate
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
VSI
[3
,
4
,
6]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
DT
C
is
a
s
im
p
l
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
with
o
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
PW
M
s
tr
ateg
y
[
7
]
,
h
o
wev
er
,
its
s
im
p
licity
,
h
ig
h
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
r
i
p
p
les
is
th
e
m
ain
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
DT
C
d
r
iv
es [
6
,
8
-
10
]
.
O
v
er
co
m
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
e
aim
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
u
ch
as
m
an
y
o
th
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
ex
te
n
d
ed
s
witch
in
g
tab
les
[
10
]
,
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
SV
M
[
1
1
]
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
[
1
2
]
o
r
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
[
13
,
1
4
]
,
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
e
r
ter
VSI
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
.
T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
is
s
elec
ted
with
a
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
f
ir
in
g
an
g
le
is
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
tifie
r
p
o
wer
s
witch
es c
o
n
tr
o
l.
Star
tin
g
with
a
r
ev
iew
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
DT
C
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
I
M,
th
en
a
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
f
in
ally
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
DT
C
,
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
im
u
lair
e
to
o
th
er
r
e
ce
n
tly
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
ap
p
r
o
c
h
s
[
1
0
,
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
201
9
:
1
2
2
3
–
1228
1224
2.
DT
C
R
E
VI
E
W
AN
D
DE
S
C
RIPT
I
O
N
Th
e
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
F
ig
u
r
e
1
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
li
n
k
ag
e
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
s
t
ato
r
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
m
o
d
u
les
a
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
wi
th
th
eir
esti
m
ated
v
alu
es
[
14
]
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
y
s
ter
esis
-
b
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
[
1
7
,
18
]
,
th
en
d
i
v
id
in
g
f
lu
x
p
lan
e
i
n
to
s
ix
s
ec
to
r
s
,
th
e
ad
eq
u
ate
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
is
s
elec
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
h
y
s
ter
e
s
i
s
-
b
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
v
alu
e
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
p
o
s
itio
n
with
a
s
witch
in
g
tab
le
(
tab
le
1
)
[
1
8
,
19
]
.
R
ef
er
r
e
d
to
s
tatio
n
ar
y
f
r
am
e
(
α
,
β),
th
e
m
at
h
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
is
u
s
ed
t
o
ca
l
cu
late
f
lu
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
es [
11
,
1
3
,
19
]
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
a
n
d
in
ter
n
al
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
two
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
s
ec
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
a
r
e
esti
m
ated
,
t
h
e
DT
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
s
es
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
g
iv
en
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
1
,
2
an
d
3
[
10
,
11
]
as
a
r
esu
lt
th
e
ac
ti
o
n
o
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
co
n
t
r
o
ls
d
ir
ec
tly
th
e
f
lu
x
an
d
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
es o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
.
DT
C
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
e
esti
m
ated
f
lu
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ig
n
als,
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
M
s
tato
r
f
r
am
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
(
α
,
β),
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
20
]
:
(
)
(
)
ˆ
s
s
s
s
t
V
R
i
d
t
=−
(
1
)
(
2
)
3
ˆ
()
2
e
s
s
s
s
T
P
i
i
=−
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
DT
C
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
T
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
esti
m
ated
an
d
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
; th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
g
eth
er
with
s
ix
an
g
u
lar
s
ec
to
r
s
b
y
th
e
s
witch
in
g
tab
le
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
ca
n
ea
s
ily
co
n
tr
o
l
b
o
th
f
l
u
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
at
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
R
s
in
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
is
to
o
s
m
all
[
1
8
,
19
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
DT
C
s
witch
in
g
-
v
ec
to
r
lo
o
k
-
u
p
ta
b
le
N
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Δφ
s
ΔT
e
1
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
6
U
1
0
U
7
U
0
U
7
U
0
U
7
U
0
0
1
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
7
U
1
U
2
0
U
0
U
7
U
0
U
7
U
0
U
7
(
)
(
)
ˆ
s
s
s
s
t
V
R
i
d
t
=−
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
N
o
ve
l D
TC
in
d
u
ctio
n
ma
ch
in
e
d
r
ive
imp
r
o
ve
men
t u
s
i
n
g
co
n
t
r
o
lled
r
ec
tifi
er fo
r
D
C
….
.
(
N
o
u
r
Mo
h
a
med
)
1225
3.
DT
C
W
I
T
H
DC
B
US A
DJ
U
ST
M
E
N
T
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
DT
C
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
d
r
iv
es
p
r
esen
t
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
r
ip
p
les
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
th
is
m
ajo
r
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
a
n
d
s
witch
in
g
tab
le,
o
n
ly
eig
h
t
s
witch
in
g
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
a
r
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
I
n
m
o
s
t
c
ases
,
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
b
ased
o
n
n
e
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
elec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
to
g
eth
er
with
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
l
ato
r
[7
,
8
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
VSI
u
s
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
I
M
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
E
.
Pre
s
en
ted
in
f
ig
u
r
e
3
,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
ad
ap
ts
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
le
s
elec
ted
in
ty
p
ical
DT
C
b
y
ac
tin
g
o
n
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
u
s
in
g
a
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tifie
r
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
icto
r
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
with
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
VSI
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
f
ig
u
r
e
2
,
f
o
r
ea
c
h
leg
th
e
th
r
ee
co
n
v
er
ter
s
witch
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
SU,
SV,
an
d
SW
tak
e
0
o
r
1
v
alu
es
[
1
7
]
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lted
s
ix
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
an
d
th
e
two
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
s
ele
cted
b
y
th
e
s
witch
in
g
ta
b
le
[4
,
11
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
VSI
i
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
witch
in
g
s
tates a
n
d
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
E
:
2
/
3
4
/
3
2
3
jj
s
U
V
W
V
E
S
S
e
S
e
=
+
+
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
VSI
v
o
l
tag
e
v
ec
to
r
p
r
esen
tatio
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
s
elec
ts
an
ad
eq
u
ate
DC
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ad
ap
t th
e
VSI
o
u
t
p
u
t v
ec
to
r
an
d
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
r
e
d
u
ce
s
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
r
ip
p
les;
Firin
g
an
g
les ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
DC
v
o
ltag
e.
A
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
DC
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l u
s
in
g
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tifie
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
201
9
:
1
2
2
3
–
1228
1226
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
Usi
n
g
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
3
,
a
m
ath
em
atic
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
ty
p
ical
DT
C
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
Simu
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
th
e
s
am
e
s
ettin
g
s
;
th
e
m
o
to
r
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
f
ig
u
r
e
4
,
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
th
e
s
p
ee
d
ac
tiv
es
th
eir
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
(
1
0
0
0
r
p
m
)
with
a
n
e
g
lig
ib
le
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
an
d
an
ex
ce
llen
t
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
tim
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
DT
C
,
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
;
it
tak
es
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
f
o
r
m
as
in
d
icate
d
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
lo
ad
v
alu
e
(
1
0
Nm
)
f
o
r
th
e
two
p
r
esen
ted
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
f
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
elec
tio
n
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
ar
e
g
r
ea
tly
r
e
d
u
ce
d
.
Similar
to
th
e
to
r
q
u
e,
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
v
ar
ia
n
t
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
f
o
llo
ws
t
h
e
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
th
at’
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
ir
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
also
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
,
an
d
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
th
e
r
ip
p
l
es
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
f
lu
x
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
b
eh
av
io
r
tak
es
a
cir
c
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
with
a
d
iam
eter
e
q
u
al
to
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
v
alu
e
(
1
.
2
W
b
)
.
C
o
m
p
ar
aiso
n
o
f
ab
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
en
ce
s
with
o
th
e
r
r
esu
lts
in
r
ec
en
tly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
p
ap
er
[
7
,
1
3
,
1
6
,
21
],
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ats th
e
s
ig
n
if
icativ
e
c
u
r
r
en
t im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
r
ip
p
les r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
i
n
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
2
p
a
i
r
s o
f
p
o
l
e
s
,
R
s =
4
.
8
5
Ω
Ls
=
2
7
4
mH
2
2
0
/
3
8
0
V
,
5
0
H
z
6
.
4
/
3
.
7
A
R
r
=
3
.
8
0
5
Ω
Lr
=
2
7
4
mH
2
h
p
,
1
4
2
0
r
p
m
Lm =
2
5
8
mH
J =
0
.
0
3
1
k
g
m2
f
=
0
.
0
0
1
1
4
N
ms
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mo
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es f
o
r
b
o
t
h
m
eth
o
d
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
t
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t w
av
e
f
o
r
m
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
N
o
ve
l D
TC
in
d
u
ctio
n
ma
ch
in
e
d
r
ive
imp
r
o
ve
men
t u
s
i
n
g
co
n
t
r
o
lled
r
ec
tifi
er fo
r
D
C
….
.
(
N
o
u
r
Mo
h
a
med
)
1227
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
eti
c
t
o
r
q
u
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
tr
ajec
to
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
201
9
:
1
2
2
3
–
1228
1228
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
p
ap
e
r
a
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tifie
r
is
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
i
v
e,
wh
er
e
a
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
en
er
ates
th
e
d
esire
d
DC
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
r
ec
tifie
r
f
ir
in
g
an
g
les in
o
r
d
er
to
a
d
ap
t th
e
s
el
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
DT
C
s
witch
in
g
tab
le.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
cited
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
v
e,
we
n
o
te
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
r
ip
p
les;
we
ca
n
clea
r
ly
o
b
s
er
v
e
ex
ce
llen
t
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
am
elio
r
ati
o
n
an
d
f
l
u
x
tr
ajec
to
r
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
it
h
ad
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
b
y
s
im
u
latio
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
a
DT
C
ap
p
lied
o
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
d
r
iv
es
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
.
Blas
c
h
k
e
.
,
"
Th
e
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
f
ield
o
rien
ted
a
s
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
t
h
e
n
e
w
Tran
v
e
c
to
r
c
lo
se
d
l
o
o
p
c
o
n
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m
fo
r
ro
tatin
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
"
S
iem
e
n
s R
e
v
ie
w,
v
ol
.
3
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
-
2
2
0
,
1
9
7
2
.
[2
]
B.
K.
Bo
se
,
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
o
to
r
Dr
ive
s
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
T
re
n
d
s
,
(Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
P
re
ss
is
a
n
imp
rin
t
o
f
El
se
v
ier,
2
0
0
6
).
[3
]
I.
Tak
a
h
a
sh
i
a
n
d
T
.
N
o
g
u
c
h
i,
"
A
Ne
w
Qu
ick
-
Re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
Hi
g
h
-
Eff
i
c
ien
c
y
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
y
o
f
a
n
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
"
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
IA
-
2
2
,
p
p
.
8
2
0
-
8
2
7
.
1
9
8
6
.
[4
]
M
.
De
p
e
n
b
r
o
c
k
.
,
"
Dire
c
t
se
lf
-
c
o
n
tro
l
(DSC)
o
f
in
v
e
rter
-
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
0
-
4
2
9
,
1
9
8
8
.
[5
]
M
.
De
p
e
n
b
ro
c
k
,
"
Dire
c
t
se
lf
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(DSC)
o
f
i
n
v
e
rter
fe
d
i
n
d
u
k
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
,
"
IE
EE
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ia
li
sts C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Blac
k
sb
u
rg
,
VA
,
USA,
USA,
1
9
8
7
.
[6
]
M
in
i.
R,
S
h
a
b
a
n
a
Ba
c
k
e
r.
P
,
B.
Ha
riram
S
a
th
e
e
sh
&
Din
e
sh
M
.
N
.
,
"
L
o
w
S
p
e
e
d
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
e
n
so
rles
s
DTC
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r
Dri
v
e
Us
in
g
M
RAS
with
N
e
u
r
o
F
u
z
z
y
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Co
n
tro
l
ler,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
EC
E)
,
v
o
l.
8
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
2
6
9
1
-
2
7
0
2
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
A.
Lo
k
rit
i,
I.
S
a
lh
i,
a
n
d
S
.
Do
u
b
a
b
i,
"
IM
Dire
c
t
T
o
rq
u
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
wi
th
n
o
f
lu
x
d
isto
rti
o
n
a
n
d
n
o
sta
ti
c
to
r
q
u
e
e
rro
r
,
"
IS
A
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
-
2
6
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
A.
Be
rz
o
y
,
J.
Re
n
g
if
o
,
a
n
d
O.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
"
F
u
z
z
y
P
re
d
ictiv
e
DT
C
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
Wi
th
Re
d
u
c
e
d
T
o
rq
u
e
Rip
p
le an
d
Hi
g
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
0
-
2
5
8
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
Dris.
Ah
m
e
d
,
Be
n
d
jeb
b
a
r.
M
o
k
h
tar,
Be
laid
i
.
Ae
k
,
"
DTC
h
y
b
ri
d
b
y
d
iffere
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
wi
th
Artifi
c
ial
Ne
u
ro
n
a
l
Ne
two
r
k
(A
NN
)
fo
r
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
riv
e
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (IJPEDS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
(
2
),
p
p
.
6
9
7
-
7
0
8
,
Ju
n
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
B.
M
o
k
h
tari
a
n
d
M
.
Be
n
k
h
o
ris,
"
Hig
h
ri
p
p
les
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
d
tc o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
b
y
u
sin
g
a
n
e
w red
u
c
e
d
sw
it
c
h
in
g
tab
le,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
EL
ECT
RICA
L
ENGINEE
RING,
v
o
l.
6
7
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
-
2
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
A.
Ch
ik
h
i,
"
Dire
c
t
To
rq
u
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
p
a
c
e
Ve
c
to
r
M
o
d
u
latio
n
Us
in
g
a
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r,
"
ACT
A
EL
ECT
ROT
EHNICA,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
-
1
4
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Krim
,
S
.
G
d
a
im,
A.
M
ti
b
a
a
&
M
.
F
.
M
imo
u
n
i,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Dire
c
t
To
r
q
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
o
f
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r
o
n
F
P
G
A,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(J
EE
T
),
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Dra
o
u
i
A
b
d
e
lg
h
a
n
i
a
n
d
Allao
u
a
Bo
u
m
e
d
ièn
e
,
"
Dire
c
t
To
rq
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
Tw
o
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
rs
Us
in
g
t
h
e
Nin
e
-
S
witch
I
n
v
e
rter
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
9
(
4
),
p
p
.
1
5
5
2
-
1
5
6
4
,
De
c
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
D.
Kira
n
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
G
.
Tu
las
i
R
a
m
Da
s,
"
S
imu
latio
n
a
n
d
An
a
ly
s
is
o
f
M
o
d
if
ied
DTC
o
f
P
M
S
M
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
2
8
9
4
-
2
9
0
3
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
D.
M
o
h
a
n
,
X.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
&
G
.
H.
B.
F
o
o
,
"
G
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
DTC
S
trat
e
g
y
f
o
r
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
F
e
d
IP
M
S
M
s
Wi
t
h
Co
n
sta
n
t
In
v
e
rter
S
witch
i
n
g
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
Re
d
u
c
e
d
T
o
rq
u
e
Rip
p
les
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
1
-
1
0
4
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
A.
Be
rz
o
y
,
O.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
&
J.
Re
n
g
ifo
,
"
F
u
z
z
y
P
re
d
ict
iv
e
DTC
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
with
re
d
u
c
e
d
to
r
q
u
e
rip
p
le
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
A
p
p
li
e
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
(
AP
EC)
,
L
o
n
g
Be
a
c
h
,
CA,
USA,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
B.
K.
Bo
se
,
"
M
o
d
e
rn
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
a
n
d
AC Driv
e
s,
"
(P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
P
TR,
2
0
0
2
).
[1
8
]
H.
S
u
d
h
e
e
r,
S
.
Ko
d
a
d
,
a
n
d
B.
S
a
rv
e
sh
,
"
Dire
c
t
To
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
F
lu
x
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
u
sin
g
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r,
"
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
In
fo
rm
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Bi
o
-
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s (A
E
EICB
)
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i,
In
d
ia,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
S
.
M
.
G
a
d
o
u
e
,
D
.
G
iao
u
ris,
a
n
d
J.
W.
F
i
n
c
h
,
"
Artifi
c
ial
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
D
TC
i
n
d
u
c
t
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s
—
A co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
st
u
d
y
,
"
El
e
c
tric P
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.
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,
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rm
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se
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o
to
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d
ri
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e
,
"
IEE
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a
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/
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m a
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Ch
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mic
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l
I
n
d
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stry
Co
n
fer
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n
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(ICPS
PCIC)
,
Hy
d
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ra
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I
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d
ia,
2
0
1
5
.
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