In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
842~
8
5
1
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
8
42-
85
1
842
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Stand-alone PV
system w
i
th M
PPT function ba
sed on fuzzy
lo
gic contro
l for remote buildi
n
g applications
Hussai
n
A. At
t
ia
1
,
Fer
n
an
d
o
d
elA
m
a
Gon
z
al
o
2
1
Dep
a
rt
men
t
o
f E
l
ectri
cal,
Elect
ro
n
i
cs
& Co
m
m
unicat
io
n
E
ngineeri
ng
,
Ameri
can
U
ni
versi
t
y
o
f
R
a
s
A
l K
h
aimah
,
United Arab
E
mi
rates
2
Dep
a
rt
men
t
o
f A
r
chit
ectu
r
e, A
m
e
ri
can U
n
i
v
e
rsi
t
y o
f
Ras A
l
Khaim
ah
, Un
it
ed Arab E
m
irat
e
s
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Au
g
1
5
,
2
018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
9
,
201
8
A
c
c
e
pte
d
D
ec 1,
201
8
Due
to
t
he
limitati
ons o
f
reaching
t
h
e
grid
u
tili
t
y
t
o re
m
o
te
a
rea,
s
u
c
h
as
r
u
r
al
a
n
d/or
c
o
u
n
trys
id
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
Sta
n
d
a
l
on
e
ph
otov
o
lta
ic
p
owe
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
rep
r
esent
go
od
a
lt
ernative
th
at
it can
b
e
adap
ted
f
o
r electri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
de
liv
erin
g
t
o
thes
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
In
t
his
pa
p
e
r,
a
n
e
w
d
e
s
ig
n
of
s
ta
n
d
a
lo
ne
s
o
l
a
r
s
ys
te
m
suitabl
e
f
o
r
in
di
v
i
dual
b
u
i
l
din
g
a
ppl
icat
ion
is
p
res
e
nt
ed.
Th
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
ocu
s
e
s
on
p
rop
o
si
ng
a
desi
red
so
lar
PV
p
anels
m
a
trix
a
rran
gem
e
n
t
a
n
d
co
nn
ectio
n,
i
n
a
ddition
to
pres
ent
i
ng
a
n
acc
u
r
ate
des
i
g
n
o
f
Buck-Bo
o
s
t
D
C-DC
c
on
vert
er
w
hi
ch
con
t
ro
lled
b
y
fu
zzy
l
o
g
i
c
c
ont
rol
l
er
F
LC.
T
h
e
con
t
ro
ller
g
u
aran
t
ees
t
h
e
maximum
Powe
r
Point
working
cond
itions
a
nd
m
ani
pulates
t
he
f
l
u
c
tu
a
t
io
n
of
t
he
D
C
li
nk
vol
tag
e
o
f
the
m
a
tri
x
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
weat
her
chan
gi
n
g
.
T
he
m
ain
sy
st
e
m
i
nclu
des
b
a
ttery
b
ank
c
h
arg
e
r,
s
in
gl
e
p
h
ase
in
vert
er,
a
n
d
pass
iv
e
po
wer
filt
er.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
dy
a
d
d
ress
es
t
h
e
d
es
ig
n
an
d
perf
orm
a
n
ce
a
n
a
ly
si
s
the
DC
s
i
d
e
o
f
t
he
7
.8
5
kW
P
V
sy
s
t
em.
Th
e
s
y
st
em
p
erfo
rm
ance
i
s
e
va
l
u
ated
th
rou
gh
M
A
TLA
B
/Si
m
uli
nk
resul
t
s
which
ref
l
ect
ed
t
he
p
ro
m
i
si
ng
in
di
catio
ns
a
s
a
n
e
f
f
ecti
v
e
system
f
or
r
ural
i
n
d
ivid
ual
stan
d
a
lo
ne
b
u
i
l
d
in
g
app
l
i
catio
n
s
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Bu
ck
-boo
st
c
on
v
e
r
t
er
Fuz
z
y lo
g
i
c
co
ntr
o
l
l
e
r
MATLAB
MPP
T
Phot
o
v
o
lta
ic
p
ane
l
s
ma
trix
So
lar
en
erg
y
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Hussain A.
Atti
a,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
,
Elec
t
ro
ni
c
s
& C
omm
unica
t
i
on En
gi
nee
r
i
ng
,
A
m
erica
n
U
niver
s
i
t
y o
f
Ras
A
l
K
h
aima
h,
R
a
s Al K
h
a
imah, 10021,
UA
E.
Em
ail:
hat
tia
@
a
ura
k
.ac
.
a
e
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
S
t
and-
a
l
o
n
e
so
lar
sys
t
e
m
s
are
r
e
pre
s
e
n
ti
ng
a
hi
g
h
p
r
i
or
it
y
alt
e
rn
a
tiv
e
t
o
t
h
e
g
ri
d
ut
il
it
y
f
o
r
re
mo
t
e
and
r
u
ral
are
a
s
.
T
he
s
ola
r
e
n
e
rgy
a
v
ai
la
bi
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
he
z
e
r
o
c
o
s
t
o
f
h
a
r
ves
t
i
ng
t
h
i
s
e
ner
g
y
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
io
n
t
o
t
he
e
a
s
y
u
sa
g
e
a
nd
o
th
e
r
a
ll
a
re
r
e
p
res
e
n
t
in
g
th
e
me
ri
t
s
o
f
th
i
s
s
o
urc
e
o
f
e
n
erg
y
[
1,
2
].
S
olar
e
nerg
y
c
a
n
b
e
con
v
er
t
e
d
in
to
e
le
ctr
i
cal
pow
e
r
u
si
n
g
t
he
s
m
a
ller
u
n
it
in
t
h
e
s
olar
s
ys
tem
;
t
h
i
s
u
n
it
is
s
ol
ar
cell
w
h
ic
h
w
o
rks
o
n
p
r
odu
c
i
ng
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
ed
o
ut
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
o
r
cu
rre
n
t
t
h
r
ou
gh
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
ng
t
h
e
a
rra
ngem
e
nt
o
f
c
e
lls
i
n
t
h
e
ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
P
V
p
ane
l
[
3].
A
n
y
des
i
red
va
l
u
e
of
e
l
e
c
t
rica
l
pow
e
r
(v
ol
ta
ge,
c
u
r
r
ent)
c
a
n
b
e
gai
n
e
d
t
h
r
ou
g
h
des
i
g
n
i
n
g
t
he
c
on
nec
t
i
o
n
w
a
y
a
m
o
ng
the
s
o
lar
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lt
aic
pane
l
s.
T
o
have
h
i
gher
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
ng
v
o
lta
ge,
P
V
pane
ls
s
h
oul
d
be
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
i
n
ser
i
e
s
w
h
e
re
a
s
to
h
a
v
e
hig
h
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
yi
n
g
c
urre
nt,
P
V
p
anels
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
in
p
ara
l
l
e
l
.
F
o
r
c
e
r
t
a
in
r
eq
ui
remen
t
s
of
t
ot
al
v
olt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
,
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
s
c
a
n
b
e
con
n
ecte
d
i
n
X
Y
ma
t
r
i
x
t
ha
t
to guar
a
ntee
t
he de
s
i
r
ed V
I v
a
l
u
e
s
[3-
5].
In [6],
a fu
ll
d
e
s
i
gn of
a
s
ta
nd
a
l
on
e
ph
ot
o
volt
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
wi
th
h
i
gh
p
e
rfo
rman
c
e
f
un
c
t
ion
is
p
ropo
s
e
d
.
The
sys
t
em
w
a
s
m
a
n
i
pula
tin
g
the
fl
u
c
t
u
a
t
ion
of
t
he
D
C
l
i
n
k
v
ol
t
a
g
e
whi
c
h
su
ppl
i
e
d
fro
m
th
e
PV
p
an
el
s
to
the
sys
t
em
.
B
oos
t
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
erter
i
s
d
esi
gne
d
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
la
te
d
to
o
v
er
com
e
t
he
v
aria
ti
o
n
i
n
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
con
d
i
t
i
on
tha
t
t
o
ha
ve
s
ta
bl
e
su
pp
le
d
vo
lt
age
a
s
pos
sib
l
e.
S
inu
s
o
i
d
a
l
P
u
l
s
e
W
i
d
t
h
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
S
P
W
M
)
in
verter
i
s
i
n
c
l
ude
d
in
t
he
s
y
s
te
m,
t
he
i
n
v
e
r
ter
is
t
erm
i
na
t
e
d
b
y
L
C
L
-
F
i
lte
r
t
o
r
ed
uce
t
h
e
l
e
ve
ls
o
f
th
e
loa
d
curr
ent ha
rmon
ic
com
po
ne
n
t
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
a
nd-
al
o
n
e P
V
system
w
i
th
M
PPT
func
tio
n
base
d
on f
u
zzy
log
i
c
co
nt
ro
l
for
.
.
.
(
H
ussai
n
A.
Atti
a)
84
3
Whe
n
the
n
um
ber
of
t
he
c
onn
e
c
ted P
V
pa
n
e
l
s i
n
c
l
ude
d in t
he
P
V
m
atrix is big,
t
h
e cha
l
l
e
nge
of h
o
w
ha
s
ma
xim
u
m
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
e
lec
t
r
i
cal
p
ow
e
r
f
r
o
m
the
i
n
c
i
den
t
s
o
l
a
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
h
at
h
a
s
h
i
gher
p
r
ior
i
ty
i
n
the
s
y
stem
de
sig
n
.
I
n
t
he
s
o
l
a
r
s
tan
d
a
l
o
n
e
a
nd
e
v
e
n
g
r
i
d
co
nn
ec
t
e
d
s
y
stem
s,
t
he
t
o
t
al
qua
n
t
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
gene
r
a
te
d
e
l
ec
tr
ica
l
pow
e
r
f
r
o
m
P
V
m
a
t
r
i
x
is
a
f
f
e
c
te
d
by
t
he
n
o
n
line
a
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
l
ar
p
an
e
l
w
i
t
h
r
epec
t
to
t
he
i
rra
di
a
t
ion
an
d
a
m
be
nt
t
em
per
a
tur
e
[
7]
.
To
h
ave
the
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
in
t
h
e
s
o
l
ar
sys
t
e
m
,
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
w
o
rked
i
n
a
c
e
rt
ai
n
are
a
of
t
he
P
V
pa
n
e
l
co
ns
ideri
n
g
the
so
lar
c
e
l
l
c
hara
cter
i
s
tic
s
with
r
espec
t
t
o
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
v
olta
ge
,
c
u
r
r
e
nt
,
and
pow
e
r
[
8]
.
Ma
ny
s
t
ud
i
e
s
ar
e
foc
u
se
d
o
n
t
he
a
lg
or
i
t
hm
e
f
f
e
c
tive
n
ess
to
h
a
v
e
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
er
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
cki
n
g
(
M
P
P
T)
w
or
king
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
t
t
h
e
var
i
a
tio
n
i
n
w
eathe
r
c
ond
it
i
o
n
,
t
h
es
e
alg
o
rt
hm
s
such
a
s
al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
of
P
e
r
t
ur
b
&
O
b
s
e
r
v
e
(
P
&O
),
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
o
f
I
n
c
r
em
ental
Co
n
duc
ta
nce
(
IC),
a
nd
s
h
ort
c
i
rcu
i
t
cur
r
en
t
m
e
th
od
[9-
12]
.
F
o
r
r
obus
t
MP
P
T
f
u
n
c
t
i
on,
F
uzzy
L
ogic
Con
t
r
o
l
(
F
LC
)
is
d
em
o
n
stra
tin
g
th
is
e
ffect
i
v
enes
s
i
n
m
any
r
e
sea
r
ch
s
tu
d
i
e
s
[
1
3
-
1
7]
.
I
n
[
13]
,
F
L
C
w
a
s
inc
l
ude
d
to
e
nha
nce
the
per
f
o
r
ma
nce
of
H
i
l
l-
Cl
imb
i
ng
a
l
gor
it
h
m
f
o
r
MP
P
T
o
bje
c
ti
ves.
N
e
w
d
e
s
ign
a
n
d
set
tin
g
s
t
e
p
s
f
o
r
a
ccur
a
te
an
f
q
u
i
c
k
re
sp
on
se
F
LC
a
re
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
in
[
14
-
15],
where
as
h
ig
h
s
t
a
b
i
lit
y
s
y
s
t
em
w
ith
f
a
s
t
trac
k
i
n
g
s
pee
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
fu
z
z
y
l
ogi
c
co
nt
rol
l
e
r
a
r
e
d
e
mo
n
s
t
r
at
ed
i
n
[
1
6
-
1
7
]
.
I
n
[1
8-
1
9
]
:
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
p
a
per
of
I
J
P
E
D
S
]
,
t
h
e
e
f
fe
ct
o
f
i
n
pu
t
and
o
u
t
pu
t
va
r
i
a
b
le
s’
m
em
ber
s
h
i
p
m
odi
f
i
cat
i
o
n
s
on
t
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
F
LC
p
er
for
m
ance
i
s
de
mons
tr
ate
d
b
y
o
b
ser
v
ing
the
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
ef
f
ect
iv
e
n
e
ss of B
u
c
k
-
Boo
s
t
DC
-DC
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r.
O
f
f-
gr
id
h
ouse
s
c
a
n
h
el
p
a
c
h
ie
ve
t
he
g
oa
l
of
p
r
o
vi
d
i
n
g
e
le
ctr
i
c
i
t
y
t
o
r
e
m
o
t
e
p
l
a
c
e
s
.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
P
V
c
e
l
l
s
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
t
o
b
e
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
o
p
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
o
f
f-
grid
d
w
e
lli
ng
s.
H
owev
e
r
,
the
sola
r
powe
r
g
e
n
e
ra
t
i
on
i
s
hi
nd
e
r
ed
b
y
severa
l
fa
cto
r
s
l
i
ke
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
nd
iti
o
ns,
day
l
ig
ht
a
n
d
d
us
t.
T
he
u
se
o
f
ba
t
t
e
r
ie
s
as
e
n
er
g
y
-
s
t
o
r
a
ge
d
e
v
i
c
es
i
s
a
n
o
p
t
io
n
to
p
r
o
v
i
de
e
ne
r
g
y
w
h
e
n
t
her
e
is
a
l
ac
k
o
f
s
un
[
2
0
]
.
The
a
dva
n
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
w
o
r
k
in
g
in
s
ta
nda
l
one
m
o
d
e
a
r
e
m
a
ny.
F
irst
ly,
the
dw
e
l
l
i
n
g
u
n
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
de
pe
nde
n
t
o
f
the
gr
i
d
a
n
d
i
s
n
o
t
af
f
ect
e
d
b
y
mai
n
t
e
n
a
n
ce
i
ssues
o
r
bl
a
c
kou
t
s
.
Sec
o
n
d
ly
,
e
n
e
r
gy
s
a
v
in
gs
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
im
por
t
a
n
t
,
no
t
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
ow
ne
r
,
b
u
t
f
or
t
he
o
ver
a
ll
c
o
nsum
pt
ion
of
c
ou
n
t
r
i
es.
F
i
na
ll
y,
a
n
e
w
w
a
y
o
f
l
i
f
e
i
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
a
r
ea
s,
w
he
r
e
t
he
c
os
t
of
e
lec
t
r
i
c
i
n
fr
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
w
o
u
l
d
be
h
i
g
h
,
ca
n
b
e
c
o
me
a
n
al
t
e
rn
ativ
e
to
c
iti
es
[
21].
Th
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
s
u
c
h
a
s
,
t
h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
f
e
a
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
ba
t
t
er
ie
s
f
o
r
l
ong
pe
r
i
ods
o
f
ope
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
si
ze
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ce
s
re
qu
i
r
e
d
[
22
].
B
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
me
ntion
e
d
a
b
o
v
e,
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pr
o
p
o
s
e
s
a
ne
w
de
s
i
gn
o
f
sta
nd
a
l
o
n
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
po
w
e
r
supp
l
y
i
ng
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
te
b
u
i
ldi
n
gs.
T
he
s
t
u
dy
f
o
c
u
ses
o
n
t
he
m
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
m
ong
P
V
p
ane
l
’
s
m
atr
i
x
a
r
r
a
nge
me
nt,
an
d
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
te
d
t
y
pe
o
f
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
rter
,
and
the
hi
g
h
p
er
form
ance
o
f
fuzz
y
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r
F
LC
d
uri
n
g
spec
ia
l
m
e
m
b
ersh
ips
se
lec
t
io
n
t
o
have
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
ow
er
p
o
i
n
t
M
P
P
w
o
r
k
in
g
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
f
or
h
ar
ve
sti
n
g
MP
P
pow
er
r
ea
ches
t
o
7
.
85
k
W
.
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
1
a
f
u
ll
de
si
gn
of
a
s
t
a
nd
alo
n
e
p
hot
ovo
l
t
a
i
c
syst
e
m wi
t
h
hig
h p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
fu
n
c
ti
on
i
s
p
r
opo
sed
.
The
r
e
ma
i
n
in
g
of
t
h
i
s
st
udy
is
a
s
fol
l
o
w
s
:
C
u
r
r
ent-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
nd
p
o
wer-
volta
ge
c
ha
rac
t
e
r
istic
s
o
f
t
h
e
de
sig
n
e
d
P
V
m
a
tr
i
x
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
a
n
d
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
S
ec
tio
n
I
I
.
S
ec
ti
o
n
I
I
I
s
how
s
a
nd
e
x
pl
ain
s
t
he
p
r
opos
e
d
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
s
y
ste
m
.
Full
des
i
g
n
o
f
a
Bo
ost-B
u
ck
D
C
-
DC
c
on
v
e
rter
b
ase
d
o
n
FLC
is
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
in
S
ec
tio
n
IV
.
S
i
mulat
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
lts
a
re
p
re
se
nte
d
a
n
d
a
na
l
y
ze
d
in
s
e
c
tio
n
V.
T
he
s
um
ma
r
y
o
f
f
i
nd
i
ngs
i
s
pr
esen
t
e
d
a
n
d
c
onc
l
ude
d
i
n
s
e
c
ti
o
n
V
I
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
M
ai
n
bloc
k
d
i
agr
a
m
of
t
he
s
o
l
ar
s
ta
nd
al
o
n
e
syste
m
2.
S
Y
STEM DISCRIPTION
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
s
ho
w
s
t
he
m
a
i
n
bl
oc
k
d
i
agr
a
m
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
ta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
i
r
s
t
b
l
o
c
k
i
s
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
te
d
b
y
P
V
m
atr
i
x
w
h
ich
i
n
c
l
ude
s
2
4
p
a
n
e
l
s.
T
hese
p
ane
l
s
a
re
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
d
as
3
p
ara
l
l
e
l
li
n
e
s
e
ach
l
i
n
e
inc
l
ude
s
8
p
a
n
e
ls
s
e
r
ia
ll
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d,
m
or
e
de
t
a
ile
d
a
b
out
t
he
P
V
m
a
trix
w
il
l
be
d
e
s
cri
b
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ne
x
t
s
e
c
ti
o
n
.
The
va
lue
s
o
f ou
t
put
P
V
m
a
t
r
ix
vol
ta
ge
a
n
d
c
ur
rent
w
ill
be
m
e
a
s
ur
ed
by
se
ns
i
n
g
cir
c
u
it
tha
t
t
o
be
e
n
t
e
r
ed
t
he
f
u
zz
y
l
o
gic
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
er
(
F
L
C)
f
or
M
P
P
T
fu
nc
ti
on.
T
he
c
o
n
tr
ol
ler
is
c
ont
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
cyc
l
e
of
t
he
B
uc
k-
B
oos
t
D
C
-DC
con
v
erte
r
pow
er
e
le
ctro
n
i
c
s
w
i
t
c
h
b
y
p
u
l
se
w
i
d
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
a
ti
on
(
PWM
)
s
t
r
at
egy
.
T
h
e
r
emai
nin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
4
2
–
8
51
84
4
bl
oc
ks
a
r
e
r
epr
e
sen
t
ed
by
P
W
M
ba
t
t
er
y
c
h
ar
ge
r
;
s
e
t
o
f
se
r
i
al
c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
on
i
n
cl
u
d
es
8
o
f
4
8
V
/
200A
h
ba
tte
r
i
es
wh
i
c
h
su
ppl
i
e
s
th
e
S
i
n
u
s
oi
da
l
PWM
si
gnle
ph
a
s
e
i
n
v
e
rte
r
t
o
in
v
e
r
t
t
h
e
e
n
t
e
r
ed
D
C
lin
k
vol
tage
t
o
A
C
vo
l
t
age.
T
he
i
nver
t
er
i
s
ter
m
ina
t
e
d
b
y
low
pa
ss
p
a
s
si
ve
p
ow
e
r
f
i
l
te
r
f
o
r
hi
gh
or
der
ha
r
m
noic
s
a
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
n
g
be
f
o
r
e
d
e
l
i
v
er
i
ng
the
A
C
v
o
l
tage
t
o
t
h
e
A
C
c
on
nec
t
ed
l
oa
d.
T
he
i
n
verte
r
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
ill
be
s
e
n
se
d
b
y
se
n
s
in
g
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
tha
t
t
o
be
u
se
d
for
modu
la
t
i
o
n
inde
x
co
ntr
o
l
t
o
s
ta
bi
l
i
z
e
t
he
i
nver
t
e
r
A
C
vol
tage
l
e
v
e
l
.
3.
PHOT
OVOLTAIC PA
N
E
L
S MATRIX
The
des
i
g
n
o
f
the
p
h
o
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
pa
ne
l
ma
t
r
ix
i
s
star
t
e
d
b
y
s
elec
t
i
ng
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
mo
dul
e
S
P
R
-
E20
-
32
7
of
9
6
so
lar
c
e
ll
s
ty
pe
M
o
n
o
cr
ys
tal
l
i
n
e
M
axeo
n
G
e
n
I
I
o
f
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
20.
4
%
,
Tabl
e
1
sum
m
e
r
i
z
e
s
t
h
e
spec
tif
i
c
at
i
ons
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
m
atrix
a
n
d
t
h
e
se
le
cted
P
V
pane
l
par
a
meters as wel
l
.
Tab
l
e
1.
S
pice
f
i
cat
i
o
n
s
o
f
the
de
sig
n
e
d
P
V
ma
tr
i
x
a
nd
t
h
e
se
le
c
te
d
P
V
m
odule
S
P
R
-
E20-
3
2
7
P
a
ra
m
e
te
r
V
a
l
u
e
N
u
mb
er
o
f
s
e
r
i
es
p
a
n
el
s
8
Nu
m
b
e
r
of pa
r
a
lle
l
P
V
l
in
e
s
3
N
o
m
i
n
a
l
Powe
r
(Pnom
)
327
W
P
o
we
r
T
o
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
+
5/–0%
A
vg.
P
a
n
e
l
E
ff
i
c
i
e
ncy
20.
4%
R
a
t
e
d Vol
t
a
g
e
(
V
m
pp)
54.
7
V
R
a
t
e
d C
u
rr
e
n
t
(
I
m
pp)
5
.
98
A
Ope
n
-Cir
c
u
it Volt
a
g
e
(Vo
c
)
64.9 V
S
hor
t
-
C
i
r
c
uit C
u
rre
nt
(
I
s
c
)
6.
46
A
Ma
x.
S
y
s
t
e
m
V
o
lt
a
g
e
600
V
UL
&
1000
V
I
E
C
Ma
xi
m
u
m
Se
ri
e
s
F
use
15
A
P
o
we
r
Te
m
p
C
o
e
f
.
–0.
35%
/
o
C
V
o
lta
g
e
Te
m
p
C
o
ef.
–176.
6
m
V
/
o
C
C
u
r
r
en
t T
e
mp
C
o
e
f
.
2
.
6
m
A
/
o
C
Ea
ch
P
V
pa
ne
l
i
n
t
he
m
atr
i
c
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
a
n
o
t
her
m
a
tr
i
x
o
f
so
lar
ce
lls
;
t
h
ese
cel
ls
a
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
a
certain
elec
trical
p
ower
p
ropor
t
i
onal
u
pon
the
fa
ll
ing
sunlight
i
n
t
ens
i
t
y
a
nd
in
ver
s
e
l
y
pr
o
por
t
i
ona
l
w
i
t
h
a
m
bien
t
tem
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
va
l
u
e
th
r
o
u
gh
n
onl
inea
r
r
e
la
t
i
o
n
sh
ips.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
ds,
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
of
i
nst
a
nt
a
n
eou
s
o
ut
put
vo
l
t
age
a
nd
c
u
r
r
ent
from
the
PV
p
anel
a
re
non
liea
r
ly
p
rop
o
rt
io
n
a
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
e
nt
io
ne
d
e
nvir
o
n
m
ent
a
l
pa
r
a
m
e
ter
s
as
show
n i
n
ter
ms
(
1)
t
o
(
4
)
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
ct
t
o
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
elec
tr
ical circ
u
i
t
o
f
the so
lar
c
e
ll
[
4-1
2
]
,
[
1
7
]
w
hen
I
D
r
ep
re
sen
t
s
t
h
e
di
od
e
cu
rre
n
t
,
I
SC
r
epr
e
sents
th
e
to
ta
l
l
i
g
h
t
g
e
n
er
ate
d
c
urre
n
t
,
I
PV
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
ut
c
u
rre
nt
o
f
t
h
e
PV
p
an
el
,
R
P
r
epr
e
sents
the
s
h
u
n
t
r
e
sis
t
or
,
and
R
S
r
ep
r
e
sents
the
ser
i
a
l
r
e
s
i
s
tor
al
l
s
how
n
in
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he
a
r
r
a
ngem
e
n
t
o
f
the
P
V
p
anel
m
a
t
r
i
x
is
ill
us
t
r
a
te
d
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
3,
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
ar
r
a
ng
em
ent
w
o
r
k
s
a
t
m
ax
i
m
um
P
ow
e
r
P
oin
t
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
on
pr
o
duc
i
ng
our
pu
t
v
o
l
t
age
up
t
o
4
37.
6
V
w
h
er
e
a
s
the
ou
tpu
t
c
u
r
r
e
nt
can
r
e
ach
up
t
o
1
7.
94
A
.
The
t
o
ta
l
r
a
t
e
d
pow
er
a
t
t
h
e
M
PP co
n
d
ition
s can
b
e
reach
t
o
7
.
8
5
kW
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
. Ele
ct
rical
c
ircu
i
t
of so
lar
PV
cell
1
(
1
)
(2
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
a
nd-
al
o
n
e P
V
system
w
i
th
M
PPT
func
tio
n
base
d
on f
u
zzy
log
i
c
co
nt
ro
l
for
.
.
.
(
H
ussai
n
A.
Atti
a)
84
5
.
∗
(5
)
.
∗
(
6
)
F
i
gur
e
3.
T
he
d
es
ig
ne
d
P
V
p
anel
m
a
t
r
i
x
The
se
l
e
c
t
ed
P
V
pa
ne
l
c
h
ar
acter
isti
cs
o
f
I-V
a
nd
P
-
V
are
dem
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
4
and
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
r
e
spec
tive
l
y
f
o
r
5
le
ve
ls
o
f
l
i
ght
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
tio
n
c
o
n
d
iti
on
a
n
d
5
leve
l
s
o
f
i
m
be
nt
t
em
per
a
tur
e
.
F
r
om
t
hese
f
i
gur
e
s
,
the
p
o
si
ti
ve
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
pow
e
r
q
u
a
n
t
ity
w
i
t
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
t
he
lig
ht
i
nt
e
n
si
ty
i
s
clea
r
l
y
n
o
t
i
c
e
a
ble
w
h
e
r
ea
s
t
h
e
in
ver
s
e
pr
op
o
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
o
ut
p
u
t
pow
er
i
s
n
o
t
i
c
e
a
b
le
w
i
t
h
r
es
pec
t
t
o
embi
nt
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
re
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
show
s
I
-
V
a
nd P
-
V
cha
r
ac
t
e
r
i
stic
s
o
f
t
he
so
l
ar
P
V
m
a
tr
ix o
f
(
S
P
R-E20-3
2
7
) m
o
d
u
le
s a
t
fixe
d
irr
ad
ia
ti
on
leve
l
of
1
00
0
W
/
m2
a
nd
i
m
be
n
t
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
2
5
°
C
.
F
igur
e
6
de
mo
nstr
a
t
es
t
he
i
m
p
or
t
a
nc
e
of
w
or
k
i
ng
a
t
m
a
xim
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
poi
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
io
ns
f
or
t
he
P
V
ma
tr
ix
t
h
a
t
t
o
g
uar
a
n
te
e
har
v
e
s
ti
n
g
t
he
h
ighe
r
s
o
p
a
r
pow
e
r
qua
nti
t
y
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
t
he
t
ot
a
l
o
u
t
put
v
olta
g
e
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
r
e
e
qua
l
t
he
s
um
ma
t
i
o
n
o
f
8
P
V
pa
ne
l
s
s
er
ia
lly
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
a
nd
3
line
s
par
al
le
l con
n
e
c
t
ed
r
esp
i
v
tive
l
y
as e
xp
la
i
ne
d
i
n
(
5)
,
and
(
6
)
.
(a)
(
b
)
F
i
gur
e
4.
T
he
s
olar
P
V
m
odu
le
(
S
P
R
-
E
20-
327)
c
ha
r
a
c
t
er
is
tic
sat
f
i
x
ed
i
m
b
en
t
t
e
mp
e
r
at
u
r
e
o
f
2
5
°
C
;
(a) I
-
V
ch
aracteristics at
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
irr
ad
iatio
n
l
ev
els.
(
b
)
P
-
V
ch
arac
t
e
ri
sti
c
s a
t
sa
m
e
i
r
ra
d
i
a
t
ion
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
(a)
(
b
)
F
i
gur
e
5.
T
he
s
olar
P
V
m
odu
le
(
SP
R-
E20-
327)
c
ha
r
a
c
t
er
is
tic
sat
f
ixe
d
irra
d
i
a
t
i
on
le
ve
l of
1
0
0
0
W/m
2
;
(a
) I
-
V
ch
arac
t
e
ri
sti
c
s at
di
f
f
e
re
n
t
i
mb
en
t
t
e
mp
e
r
at
u
r
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
(b
)
P
-V c
h
a
ra
ct
eri
s
t
i
c
s a
t
same i
m
b
e
n
t
t
e
mp
era
t
u
r
e l
e
v
e
l
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
4
2
–
8
51
84
6
(a)
(
b
)
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
he
s
ol
a
r
P
V
ma
t
r
i
x
o
f
M
P
P
pow
er
7
.
85
kW
u
si
n
g
8x3
(
S
P
R
-
E
20-
32
7)
m
odule
s
c
har
a
cter
is
t
i
cs
a
t
fi
xe
d
i
r
r
a
dia
t
i
o
n
leve
l
o
f
100
0
W/m
2
a
nd
f
i
x
e
d
i
m
b
en
t
t
e
mp
e
r
ature
of
2
5 °C
; (a
) I-V
c
haracter
ist
i
cs
(
b
)
P
-
V
ch
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
sti
c
s .
4.
BUCK-BOOS
T
DC-D
C
CONVERT
ER
Th
is
c
on
ve
r
t
er
i
s
s
t
e
p
p
i
ng-
up
(
Bo
ost)
,
or
s
t
e
pp
i
ng-
dow
n
(
B
uck)
t
h
e
o
u
t
put
v
o
lta
ge.
Bas
ed
on
p
u
ls
e
w
i
d
t
h
mo
d
u
la
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
ate
gy
[
1
9]
,
[23-
2
6
]
,
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
(
D
)
of
t
h
e
ga
te
d
r
i
ve
p
ulse
s
c
a
n
be
c
o
n
t
r
olle
d
t
o
co
nt
rol
t
h
e
duty
ti
me
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
ect
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
ct
roni
c
swi
t
c
h
.
T
he
r
elat
i
on
o
f
t
he
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
g
e
(V
o
)
wi
t
h
r
es
pec
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
nv
ert
e
r
inp
u
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
in
)
a
n
d
th
e
du
ty
c
y
l
c
l
e
D
o
f
the
c
o
nver
t
er
s
wi
tch
is
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
in
(
7
)
.
F
o
r
st
e
p
p
i
ng
d
o
w
n
t
he
i
np
u
t
v
o
lta
ge,
D
s
ho
uld
be
l
e
s
s
tha
n
0
.
5
,
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
w
o
r
k
s
as
buc
k
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
.
F
or
s
te
pp
i
n
g
up
t
h
e
i
np
ut
v
o
lt
ag
e
,
D
s
h
o
u
l
d
be
g
r
e
ater
t
ha
n
0.
5,
a
nd
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
o
r
k
s
as
boos
t
c
onv
e
r
ter
[18]
.
(
7
)
Co
nt
i
nuo
u
s
C
on
du
ct
ion
M
o
d
e
(
C
C
M
)
i
s
a
dop
t
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
stud
y
a
s
a
w
o
r
k
in
g
m
ode
f
or
t
he
c
on
v
e
r
t
er
,
a
nd
the
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
com
p
one
n
t
s
are
desi
g
n
ed
b
ase
d
o
n
the
s
t
ud
ies
of
[
6]
,
[1
8]
.
F
o
r
sw
i
t
c
h
i
ng
fr
eq
uenc
y
f
,
a
n
d
loa
d
r
esis
tor
R
,
the
minim
u
m
val
u
e
of
t
he
i
n
duc
tor
ca
n
be
c
a
l
cu
la
te
d
by
(
8
)
.
L
mi
n
=
(8
)
To
w
or
k
i
n
t
h
i
s
C
C
M
m
o
d
e,
t
he
i
n
duc
t
o
r
va
lue
sho
u
l
d
b
e
gr
ea
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
m
i
n
imum
v
al
ue.
O
n
t
he
o
the
r
si
de,
the
m
i
ni
m
u
m
conve
r
t
er
c
a
p
ac
ita
tor
C
i
s
lim
i
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
V
O
,
the
ou
tpu
t
v
olta
ge
r
i
p
p
l
e
Δ
V
O
,
du
t
y
c
ycle
D
,
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
fr
equ
e
ncy
f
a
nd
lo
a
d
re
si
st
o
r
R
a
s
s
how
n
in
(
9)
.
=
(9
)
D
u
e
to
t
he
l
e
v
el
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
p
ow
e
r
(
7.
85
k
W)
w
hic
h
r
epr
e
sen
ts
h
i
g
h
le
ve
l
req
u
ire
d
t
o
b
e
de
li
ver
e
d
f
r
om
t
he
c
o
nver
t
er
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
r
e
duce
the
str
e
ss
on
the
swi
t
ch
(
I
n
sul
a
t
e
d
Ga
te
B
ip
o
l
ar
T
ra
nsi
s
to
r
I
G
B
T
)
,
t
he
s
e
l
e
c
ted
sw
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
fr
e
q
uenc
y
is
5
k
H
z
.
The
m
i
nimum
c
alc
u
la
te
d
va
lue
o
f
t
he
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
a
nd
t
h
e
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
t
th
e
se
l
ect
ed
s
wi
t
c
hi
ng
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
nd
a
t
vo
lta
ge
r
i
p
pl
e
(
Δ
V
O
/V
O
)
o
f
2
%
,
w
i
t
h
D
=
0
.
5
,
f
o
r
loa
d
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
of
(
4
37.
6V
^2
/
7
8
5
0
W
)
=
2
4
.
39Ω
a
r
e
0
.
6
2
m
H
,
a
nd
2
0
5
μF
r
e
s
pecti
v
e
l
y.
F
or
s
im
ul
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
c
ess,
t
he
s
el
ec
t
e
d
va
l
u
e
s
o
f
the
i
n
duc
t
o
r
a
nd
c
a
p
ac
itor
in
t
he
B
uc
k-B
o
o
s
t
DC-DC
co
n
v
erte
r
are
1
mH,
and
47
0
μF
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y.
F
i
gur
e
7
show
s
the
d
i
agr
a
m
o
f
t
he
d
es
igne
d
B
uc
k-
B
oos
t
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
nve
r
t
er
w
hic
h
c
o
n
t
r
o
lled
b
y
F
u
zzy
l
og
ic
C
on
tro
lle
r
(F
LC
)
.
P
V
ma
trix
r
epr
e
sent
s
a
f
i
r
s
t
part
w
hi
c
h
s
up
p
l
i
e
s
th
e
DC
e
l
e
c
tr
ici
t
y
t
o
t
h
e
co
nver
t
e
r
.
F
L
C
is
d
e
s
ign
e
d
t
o
g
uar
a
n
t
e
e
t
he
M
P
P
T
w
or
kin
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
ons
f
or
t
he
c
o
nver
t
e
r
dur
in
g
the
w
e
ather
var
i
a
t
io
n
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
.
5.
F
U
Z
Z
Y
L
OG
I
C
C
ON
TR
O
L
L
E
R
B
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
me
ri
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
ro
bu
stn
e
ss
a
n
d
t
h
e
qu
i
c
k
co
ntro
ll
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
r
a
c
k
in
g
r
e
spons
e
of
F
LC
a
s
m
e
nti
o
ned
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
udie
s
,
t
h
i
s
c
on
t
r
oller
is
s
e
l
e
c
t
ed
to
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
t
he
M
P
P
T
w
o
rki
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
f
or
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
d
u
r
i
ng
the
w
e
at
he
r
var
y
i
n
g.
T
h
e
i
nsta
nta
n
e
o
u
s
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
cur
r
e
nt
v
a
l
ue
s
of
s
o
l
a
r
p
an
el
a
r
e
r
ece
i
v
in
g
as
f
i
r
st
s
tep
of
t
he
c
on
tr
o
l
li
ng
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
Th
e
ins
t
an
ta
ne
ous
o
u
t
pu
t
p
o
w
e
r
f
r
o
m
P
V
m
atr
i
x
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
a
nd-
al
o
n
e P
V
system
w
i
th
M
PPT
func
tio
n
base
d
on f
u
zzy
log
i
c
co
nt
ro
l
for
.
.
.
(
H
ussai
n
A.
Atti
a)
84
7
c
a
n
be
calc
u
la
t
e
d
by
(
1
0)
,
then
t
he
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nce
b
e
tw
een
eac
h
tw
o
s
ucc
e
s
si
ve
p
o
w
er
s
a
nd
v
o
lta
ge
s
ca
n
be
c
a
lcu
l
a
t
e
d
b
y
(
1
1)
,
an
d
(
1
2)
r
espec
t
i
v
e
l
y.
T
he
r
a
t
e
o
f
pow
e
r
s
c
han
g
e
to
t
he
v
o
l
tage
s
c
h
a
nge
r
epr
e
sen
t
s
t
h
e
v
a
riab
le
o
f
er
ro
r
Er(k
)
w
hich
s
how
n
in
(
1
3
)
w
h
e
r
ea
s
a
nd
the
cha
nge
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
va
r
i
ables
c
a
n
b
e
repr
esen
t
e
d
b
y
Δ
Er(k)
show
n
in
(
1
4
)
.
F
LC
w
il
l
deci
de
t
he
a
d
d
i
t
i
ona
l
val
u
e
c
h
an
ge
o
f
d
ut
y
c
y
c
l
e
Δ
D
t
o
the
i
n
it
ia
l
c
ons
tan
t
du
t
y
c
yc
le D
=0.
5
b
y eva
l
ua
ti
ng
t
h
e
i
n
st
a
n
ta
neo
u
s va
l
u
e
s
a
nd the
t
r
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
he i
n
p
u
t
var
i
a
ble
s
t
o
t
h
e co
ntr
o
l
l
e
r
[27
-
28
]
.
B
a
se
d
on
t
h
e
pr
inc
i
ple
of
P
WM
s
t
r
ate
gy,
C
o
n
t
ro
lli
ng
D
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
he
i
ns
t
a
nta
n
eo
us
v
a
l
ue
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
lta
ge.
Bas
ed
on
t
h
e f
a
c
t
o
f
tha
t
t
he MP
P
poi
nt
i
s
loc
a
t
e
d
at t
o
p
p
osi
t
i
on
of t
he
p
ow
e
r
cur
ve
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
P
V
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
a
t
t
h
i
s
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
,
the
pow
er
c
ha
n
g
e
to
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
c
ha
n
g
e
e
qua
ls
t
o
z
e
r
o
(
Δ
P/
Δ
V
=
0
)
.
F
igur
e
8
s
how
s
t
h
e
loca
tio
n
of
M
P
P
poi
nt
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
the
t
h
e
b
l
oc
ks
o
f
the
F
L
C
pr
oce
ss.
F
i
gur
e
7.
P
V
ma
tr
ix
w
it
h
B
u
c
k
-
B
oost
D
C
-
D
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
a
r
r
a
ngem
e
nt
∗
(
10)
∆
1
(
11)
∆
1
(
12)
∆
∆
(
13)
∆
1
(
14)
5.
1
F
u
z
z
y
l
og
i
c
c
on
t
r
oll
e
r
b
l
oc
ks
A
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
8
(
b
)
,
t
he
c
o
n
t
r
oller
i
n
cl
u
d
es
F
uz
zi
f
i
ca
ti
on
b
loc
k
,
and
Fuz
z
y
I
nfer
ence
R
u
l
es
bl
oc
k,
t
he
n
t
h
e
D
e
fuzz
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
b
l
ock.
T
he
d
esign
of
t
hese
F
LC
bl
o
c
k
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
ly
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
e
f
fe
ct
iv
en
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r.
F
u
zz
if
ica
t
i
o
n Bl
oc
k:
t
h
is bl
o
c
k
r
e
c
ie
ve
s the i
npu
t varia
b
le
s i
n
r
e
a
li
st
ic d
oma
i
n for
ma
t
a
n
d c
o
nver
t
s
it
t
o
lin
gu
is
t
i
c
va
ria
b
le
s
u
n
d
e
r
stan
dab
l
e
b
y
the
ne
x
t
F
LC
b
loc
k
s.
T
he
i
np
u
t
l
i
n
guis
t
i
c
v
ar
ia
ble
o
f
t
h
e
e
r
r
or
Er(k)
is
r
epr
e
s
e
nte
d
b
y
fi
ve
l
e
v
e
l
s:
N
B
(
N
e
g
at
ive
Big)
,
N
S
(
N
e
gati
ve
Smal
l
)
,
Z
R
(
Z
e
ro
L
ev
el
),
P
S
(
P
o
s
it
iv
e
S
m
a
l
l
)
,
a
nd
PB
(
P
o
siti
ve
B
i
g
).
T
he
i
n
p
u
t
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
v
ar
ia
ble
of
t
he
e
rro
r
ch
an
g
e
Δ
Er
is
r
e
pr
e
s
ente
d
by
thr
e
e
leve
ls:
NS
(
Negat
i
v
e
Sm
all),
ZR
(
Ze
ro
L
e
v
e
l
),
a
nd
PS
(Positi
ve
S
m
al
l
)
.
Th
e
o
u
t
p
ut
l
in
gui
st
i
c
v
ar
i
a
bl
e
na
me
s
a
r
e
desi
gne
d
b
y
f
ive
c
h
a
nge
s
in
t
he
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
le
ve
l
Δ
D
:
NB
(
Neg
a
ti
v
e
B
ig
),
N
S
(Ne
g
at
iv
e
Smal
l
)
,
ZR
(
Zero
C
h
an
ge)
,
P
S
(
P
osi
tive
S
m
a
ll)
,
and
P
B
(
P
o
s
i
t
i
ve
B
ig)
c
h
a
n
ge.
F
u
z
zy
I
nfer
e
n
ce
Rule
s
Blo
c
k:
ma
md
a
n
i
me
t
h
od
is use
d
to
d
e
s
i
gn
th
is
b
l
o
c
k
w
hi
c
h
i
nc
lu
ds t
he
d
es
i
gne
d
in
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
r
ules
t
h
a
t
ad
o
p
te
d t
o
g
uar
a
nte
e
a
f
as
t tr
a
k
i
n
g
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
co
ntr
o
l
l
er
t
o
the
po
i
n
t
of
m
a
x
im
um
pow
e
r
c
a
n
h
a
r
ves
t
i
ng
f
r
o
m
the
ph
o
t
ov
o
l
ta
i
v
m
a
trix.
D
e
fuz
z
i
fica
ti
o
n
B
loc
k
:
t
h
i
s
b
l
o
c
k
p
rod
u
ce
s
t
h
e
r
eali
s
tic
v
a
l
ue
o
f
the
c
h
an
ge
i
n
the
du
ty
c
y
c
l
e
Δ
D
b
a
s
e
d
on
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
e
r
o
f
g
r
a
vi
t
y
m
e
t
hod
.
Th
e
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
is
buc
k
i
ng
o
r
boo
st
i
n
g
th
e
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
b
y
su
bt
r
a
c
t
o
r
a
dd
t
h
e
dut
y
cy
cle
cha
n
g
e
r
espec
t
i
v
e
l
y
ba
se
d
on
the
p
o
lar
i
t
y
o
f
Δ
D
t
o
tr
ac
k
the
MP
P
po
i
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
842
–
8
51
84
8
(a
)
(
b
)
F
i
gure
8.
F
unct
i
o
n
o
f
the f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
i
c
con
t
ro
l
l
e
r
F
LC:
(a
) m
a
xim
um
pow
er
p
o
i
nt
t
r
a
ki
n
g
(MP
P
T
),
(b)
F
L
C
b
l
oc
ks
a
nd pr
ocess
.
5.2
FLC
b
l
o
c
k
s
d
e
si
gn
Th
is
s
e
c
t
io
n
sh
ow
s
the
d
e
ta
ils
o
f
me
mbe
r
ship
d
e
s
i
g
n
of
t
he
i
npu
t
a
n
d
out
pu
t
var
i
a
b
l
e
s
w
ith
r
espe
c
t
to
t
he
p
r
o
pose
d
i
n
f
ere
n
ce
ru
l
e
s.
T
hese
r
ule
s
a
re
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Ta
ble
I
I
w
h
ere
a
s
F
i
gure
9
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
de
si
gne
d
me
mbe
r
ships
of
pow
er
e
r
r
or
Er(k)
,
error
change
Δ
Er(k)
,
du
t
y
c
yc
le
c
ha
nge
Δ
D (
n
)
,
m
e
m
b
erships
sur
f
ac
e
view
,
an
d
the
loa
d
pow
e
r
f
or
d
i
ffe
ren
t
i
r
r
adiat
i
on
le
vel
s
(
6
0
0,
1
0
00,
8
0
0
,
60
0)
W
/m
2.
T
he
e
f
f
ec
tive
n
e
ss
of
F
L
C
is
c
le
arl
y
d
em
o
n
stra
te
d
thr
o
ugh
c
a
p
tur
i
ng
the
MP
P
for
al
l
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
n
t
i
o
ned
i
r
radia
t
io
n
le
v
e
ls
b
y
f
o
cu
si
ng
aro
und
z
ero
e
rror posit
ion for ful
l
i
nter
val of
4
seco
ns d
i
v
i
d
e
d
i
nto
fo
ur
e
qua
l
i
n
t
e
r
v
als o
f
1
sec
on
d
.
T
a
b
l
e 2.
F
LC
Fuz
zy I
nfer
enc
e
Ru
l
e
s
No
I
f
Th
en
1
(e
r is NB
)
a
nd (De
r
is NB
)
(D
D is
ZR
)
2
(e
r is NB
)
a
nd (De
r
is NS
)
(D
D is
ZR
)
3
(e
r is NB
)
a
nd (De
r
is Z
R
)
(D
D is
NB
)
4
(e
r is N
S) a
nd (D
e
r
is NB
)
(D
D is
ZR
)
5
(e
r is N
S) a
nd (D
e
r
is ZR
)
(D
D is
N
S
)
6
(e
r is N
S) a
nd (D
e
r
is P
B
)
(D
D is
N
S
)
7
(e
r is ZR
)
a
nd (D
e
r
is NB
)
(D
D is
N
S
)
8
(e
r is ZR
)
a
nd (D
e
r
is ZR
)
(D
D is
ZR
)
9
(e
r is ZR
)
a
nd (D
e
r
is P
B
)
(D
D is
P
S)
10
(
e
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
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w
E
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c
&
D
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IS
S
N
:
2088-
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St
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6.
CONCL
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Th
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pro
pos
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and
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Maxi
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ectiv
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vest
in
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m
a
x
i
m
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po
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iff
e
rent
i
rrad
i
ation
level
s
a
nd
s
peci
ally
h
arves
t
i
ng
7
.
85
kW
w
h
e
n
the
i
r
radiatio
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le
ve
l 10
00
W
/
m
2
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
au
t
hors
appr
ec
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t
he
f
ina
n
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
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rt
p
r
ovi
de
d
b
y
s
ch
oo
l
o
f
e
ngi
n
eeri
n
g
,
A
me
ri
ca
n
Uni
v
ersi
ty o
f
R
a
s
Al Kha
i
m
ah-
UAE,
www.
aura
k.ac
.a
e/en/sc
h
o
o
l
-of-
e
n
g
i
ne
eri
ng.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
842
–
8
51
85
0
REFE
RENCES
[1]
M
.
A
.
Razzak,
W
.
T
.
Bhuiyan
,
N
.
I.
N
atas
ha,
A.
K
.
M
.
M
.
Islam
,
M
.
K
.
M
.
A
m
i
n
“
D
esig
n
of
a
G
ri
d-co
nnect
ed
P
h
o
t
ov
o
l
ta
i
c
I
nvert
er
w
it
h
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
int
T
r
acki
ng
u
s
i
n
g
P
ert
u
rb
a
n
d
O
bs
e
r
v
e
T
ech
niq
u
e”,
International
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r Electr
onics
and D
r
i
ve Sys
t
em (
I
JPED
S
)
,
Vo
l. 7, N
o
. 4
,
p
p.
1
2
1
2
~
1
2
2
0
, D
ecem
ber 2
016
.
[2]
H.
A
.
Attia,
T.
K
.
S.
F
reddy,
H
.
S.
C
he
,
W.
P
.
Hew,
A
.
E
l
K
hate
b,
“
Confin
ed
B
and
Vari
abl
e
S
wi
tchin
g
F
req
u
en
cy
P
u
l
s
e
Wi
d
t
h
Mod
u
l
a
ti
on
(CB-VS
F
PW
M)
f
o
r
S
i
ngle-P
h
as
e
Inv
e
rt
er
w
ith
L
CL
F
i
l
ter”,
I
E
EE Tr
ans
.
Powe
r
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
IEEE
2
016.
[3]
R
.
A
p
a
r
n
a
t
h
i
,
V.
V
.
Dw
iv
e
d
i,
“
M
a
x
i
mu
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
r
a
c
k
in
g
in
P
V
S
y
stem
w
it
h
Industry
App
l
i
cati
o
n
s
,”
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Powe
r
Ele
c
t
ron
i
c
s
an
d Driv
e
Sy
ste
m
(
I
J
P
EDS
)
,
V
o
l.
3
,
No
.
4
,
p
p.
4
1
7
~
4
2
3
,
Decem
ber
20
13
.
[4]
Y.
I
.
Al
-
M
as
hhadany,
Hus
s
ai
n
A.
A
tti
a
,
“
H
igh
Perf
or
m
a
nce
f
o
r
Re
al
P
ort
a
bl
e
Ch
a
r
g
e
r
t
h
ro
ugh
L
ow
-P
ower
P
V
Sy
ste
m
”
,
Inter
n
at
io
nal Jo
ur
na
l
o
f
S
u
s
t
aina
b
l
e a
n
d
Green
En
ergy
,
V
ol.
4
,
No.
3
-1
,
p
p.
1
4-1
8
,
2015.
[5]
YI
A
l-M
a
s
h
h
a
dany
,
H
A
A
t
t
ia,
“
N
o
v
el
D
esig
n
and
Im
pl
em
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
o
f
P
ortable
Charger
through
Low
-
Po
w
e
r
PV
En
ergy
S
y
s
t
em
”,
A
d
van
ced M
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s Res
e
ar
ch
925
,
p
p.
4
95-4
99,
2
01
4.
[6]
Hussa
i
n
A
.
A
ttia,
Y.
I
.
A
l
-M
ashha
dany,
Beza
N
.
Getu,
“Design
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n
o
f
a
H
ig
h
P
e
rf
ormance
S
t
and
a
lo
ne
P
h
o
t
o
v
ol
t
a
i
c
S
ys
t
e
m
,
”
ICREGA’1
4 –
R
e
newab
l
e E
n
er
gy: G
e
nera
ti
on
an
d Ap
p
licatio
ns
, S
p
ri
nger
Pro
ceedi
ngs
i
n
Energy
p
p
68
3-697,
2
0
1
4
.
[7]
A
t
t
i
a
H
.
A
.
,
G
e
t
u
B
.
N
.
,
“
D
e
s
i
g
n
&
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
S
o
l
a
r
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
S
y
s
tem
f
o
r
Optimu
m
E
nerg
y
Ab
so
rption,
”
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of T
h
er
ma
l
&
Environ
m
en
ta
l
E
ngi
neerin
g
,
Vo
l
u
me 8,
No
. 1
17
-
2
4
, 20
1
4
.
[8]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
A
.
A
ttia,
Beza
N.
G
etu
,
Y
ou
sif
I.
A
l
-
Ma
s
h
h
a
dan
y
“
Design
a
n
d
S
im
ul
ation
o
f
D
ual
Ax
is
S
o
l
ar
T
racker
f
or
Opt
i
m
u
m
So
la
r
Ene
r
g
y
Absorp
t
i
o
n”
,
EEEC
E
G
C
2
013
, D
ecemb
e
r 11
-13
,
D
ubai
,
UAE, 20
1
3
.
[9]
Had
eed
A
h
m
ed
S
her,
A
li
F.
M
urt
aza,
A
bd
ullah
N
o
m
a
n
,
K
haled
E.
A
d
d
o
w
e
es
h,
a
n
d
M
arcello
C
hi
aberge,
“A
n
inte
l
l
igent
contr
o
l
strategy
o
f
fractional
short
circui
t
curren
t
m
a
xi
mum
p
o
w
e
r
p
oint
t
r
a
c
k
ing
te
c
h
niq
u
e
fo
r
ph
ot
ovo
lt
aic ap
p
l
ication
s
”,
JRSE
,
7
,
0
131
14,
2
01
5
.
[10]
M
.
A
.
A
bdo
urrazi
q
and
M.
M
aaro
u
fi
,
“
E
xp
eriment
a
l
V
e
rif
i
cation
o
f
the
Main
M
PP
T
T
echni
ques
f
o
r
Pho
t
ovol
taic
Sy
ste
m
”
,
Intern
at
io
na
l
Jou
r
n
a
l of P
o
wer
Elect
r
o
nics
an
d Drive S
y
st
ems
(
I
JPEDS
)
,
V
o
l
.
8
,
N
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
–
3
9
1
,
Ma
rc
h
20
17
[11]
S
.
H
assan
,
B
.
A
b
del
m
ajid
,
Z.
M
o
u
rad,
S
.
Aicha,
B
.
A
b
d
e
naceur,
“
An
A
d
v
anced
M
PP
T
Bas
e
d
on
Artifici
al
B
ee
Col
ony
A
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
f
or
M
P
P
T
Ph
ot
ov
oltaic
S
y
s
tem
und
er
P
artial
S
h
a
ding
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
”,
Int
e
r
nation
a
l
Jour
na
l of
Po
wer
E
l
ectr
o
n
i
cs
an
d Dri
ve System (
I
J
P
ED
S
)
,
Vol
.
8
,
N
o
.
2
,
p
p.
6
4
7
~
6
5
3
,
J
un
e
2017
[12]
Tilak
T
h
akur,
K
u
ldeep
S
i
n
gh
b
edi,
“
Dat
a
B
ased
M
P
P
T
T
echni
q
u
e
f
o
r
P
h
ot
ovoltaic
S
ystem
”
,
Ind
i
a Confer
ence
(
I
NDICON)
,
IEEE
Con
f
er
ence
: 16-18
Dec., Hyderabad, India,
2011.
[13]
B
.
N
.
A
l
aj
m
i
,
K
.
H
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
S
.
J
.
F
i
n
n
e
y
,
a
n
d
B
.
W
.
W
i
l
l
i
am
s
,
“
F
uzzy
-Lo
g
ic-Co
n
t
r
ol
A
p
p
roach
o
f
a
M
o
d
i
f
i
ed
H
il
l-
Climb
i
ng
M
e
t
ho
d
fo
r
Ma
x
i
mu
m
Po
we
r
Point
in
M
icrogrid
S
tandalone
P
ho
to
vo
ltaic
S
y
s
t
em
”,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
.
P
o
w
e
r
El
ect
., v
ol
. 26
,
n
o. 4,
p
p
.
10
22
-1
03
0, Ap
r
. 20
1
1
.
[14]
Ahma
d
El
K
ha
t
e
b,
N
a
s
rud
i
n
Ab
d
Ra
him,
J
e
y
ra
j
Se
lv
a
r
a
j
,
a
n
d
M
.
N
a
sir
Ud
d
i
n,
“
F
u
zzy
L
og
i
c
C
o
n
t
r
oller
Bas
e
d
S
E
P
I
C
Co
nvert
e
r
f
or
M
ax
im
um
P
ower
P
oint
T
racki
n
g
”
,
IEEE T
r
an
s.
ind.
A
p
p
l
., v
ol.
p
p
. n
o.
99
,
Fe
b
. 20
1
4
.
[15]
S
u
b
i
yan
t
o,
A
M
oh
am
ed,
M
A
H
a
n
n
an
,
“M
ax
im
um
P
ower
P
o
i
nt
T
rackin
g
i
n
Gr
id
C
onnect
e
d
P
V
System
Using
A
No
vel
F
u
zzy
L
ogic
Cont
ro
ller”,
P
r
o
ceedin
gs
o
f
SCO
R
eD
20
09
,
16-18
N
o
v
.
UPM
S
e
rdan
g,
M
a
l
aysia,
200
9
.
[16]
R.
S
am
u
e
l
Raj
e
sh
B
ab
u,
“
A
Com
p
arat
ive
An
aly
s
is
o
f
In
teg
r
at
e
d
B
o
o
s
t
F
l
y
b
ac
k
Co
nvert
erus
in
g
P
I
D
an
d
F
u
zzy
Controller”,
In
ter
natio
na
l Jou
r
nal
of P
o
wer
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
ics
and
Drive S
y
s
t
em
(
I
JPED
S)
,
Vo
l.
5
,
No.
4,
pp.
486
~
501
,
Ap
ril
20
15.
[17]
A.
H
.
El
K
hat
e
ba,
N.
A
bd
R
a
h
i
m
a,
J
.
S
e
lv
araja,
“
F
u
zzy
l
og
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
a
ma
ximu
m
po
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
em
pl
oy
i
n
g
SE
P
I
C
co
nv
erter
f
o
r
st
andal
o
n
e
p
ho
to
vo
lta
i
c
s
ystem
”
,
3
r
d Int.
Conf.
o
n
Su
st
a
i
n
able
Fu
ture for Huma
n
Secu
ri
ty S
U
S
T
A
I
N 20
12
, Pr
oced
ia
En
viro
nm
ent
a
l Sci
e
nces
17,
pp.
5
29
–
5
36,
2
0
13.
[18]
Hussa
i
n
A
ttia,
“Fuzzy
L
ogic
C
ontr
oller
Effecti
v
eness
Evaluat
i
on
t
hrou
gh
Com
p
arativ
e
M
e
m
b
ers
h
i
p
s
for
P
h
o
t
ov
o
l
ta
i
c
M
axi
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
oin
t
T
racki
n
g
Fu
ncti
on
”,
Internat
io
nal
J
o
ur
na
l of Po
wer
Elect
ro
nics
a
nd Drive
Sys
t
em (
I
JPED
S
)
,
Vo
l
.
9,
No
. 3
,
Sep 2
0
1
8
, p
p
. 11
4
7
-
11
5
6
.
[19]
HA
A
tti
a
,
HW
P
in
g
,
Y
A
l-M
a
shh
a
dany
,
“
D
esi
g
n
and
an
alys
is
f
o
r
h
i
gh
p
erf
o
rmance
sy
nchro
n
i
z
e
d
i
nv
erter
wit
h
PW
M power
co
nt
rol
”
,
Cl
ean
En
er
gy a
n
d
T
echn
o
l
ogy (
C
EAT),
2013
IEEE Confer
ence
,
2
65
-27
0
,
201
3.
[20]
Parra,
D.
;
Sw
ierczyn
s
k
i
,
M
.
;
S
t
r
o
e,
D
.I
.
;
N
or
ma
n,
S
.A.;
A
bd
on
,
A
.
;W
orl
i
t
s
chek
,
J.
;
O’D
o
h
e
rt
y,
T
.
;
R
o
d
ri
gues,
L
.
;
Gill
o
tt,
M
.;
Z
ha
ng,
X.;
et
a
l.
“
An
i
nterdisci
p
l
i
nary
r
evi
e
w
of
energ
y
s
torag
e
f
or
c
om
m
u
n
i
t
i
es:
Chal
len
g
es
a
n
d
pers
pecti
v
es
”.
Renew.
S
u
s
t
a
i
n.
En
erg
y
Rev
.
V
o
l
7
9
,
7
30–
74
9,
2
0
1
7.
[21]
M
o
h
l
e
r
,
D
.
;
S
o
w
d
e
r
,
D
.
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
N
e
e
d
f
o
r
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
n
th
e
Grid
.
In
R
enew
abl
e
E
nerg
y
Int
e
grati
o
n
”
; Elsevi
e
r:
Amsterd
am, Net
herlan
ds, 2
0
1
7
;
pp. 30
9
–
3
1
6
,
I
S
B
N
97
80
1
2
809
59
28
.
[22]
Gran
tham
,
A
.
;
Pud
n
ey
,
P
.
;
W
a
rd,
L
.
A.
;
Whaley,
D.;
Boland,
J.
“
T
he
v
i
a
bili
ty
o
f
el
ectrical
e
n
e
rgy
s
t
o
r
age
f
o
r
lo
w-
energ
y
h
ou
seho
ld
s”.
So
l.
En
e
r
gy
,
v
o
l.
1
55
,
pp.
1
2
1
6–1
22
4,
201
7.
[23]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
Atti
a
,
A
mj
ad
O
m
a
r,
M
aen
T
ak
ruri,
Hal
a
h
Y
.
A
li,
“
P
u
l
s
e
W
idth
M
o
d
ul
ati
o
n
Based
Decen
trali
zed
S
treet
LED
L
ight”,
In
t
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
na
l o
f
P
o
wer
El
ectro
n
i
cs a
nd Dr
ive S
y
stem
(
I
JPE
D
S
)
,
Vo
l
.
8
,
No
.
3,
p
p
.
12
38
~1
24
7,
S
ep
tem
b
er
2
0
17.
[24]
Atti
a
Huss
ain
,
S
agaf
i
n
i
a
A
l
i
,
“
N
o
v
el
D
iscrete
Com
p
o
n
en
ts
B
ased
S
p
eed
C
on
tro
l
l
e
r
f
o
r
Indu
cti
on
M
o
t
o
r”,
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of Po
wer
E
l
ectr
onics an
d
D
r
i
ve Systems
(
I
JPE
D
S)
, Vo
l
.
7
, Iss.
4
, p
p.
10
7
5
-
1
08
4, 20
1
6
.
[25]
Hussa
i
n
A
A
ttia
,
Am
j
a
d
O
m
ar,
M
aen
T
akruri,
“Des
i
g
n
of
d
e
central
i
zed
s
t
r
e
e
t
L
E
D
light
d
im
m
i
ng
s
ystem
”
,
El
ectro
n
i
c
Devi
ces, S
y
s
t
ems
an
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
ati
o
n
s
(ICE
D
SA)
,
2
0
1
6
5th Int
e
rn
a
t
ion
a
l IEE
E
Co
nf
erence
,
20
16
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
and-
alo
n
e
PV
sy
st
e
m
wi
t
h
MPPT
func
t
i
o
n
base
d
on fuzzy
l
o
g
i
c co
nt
ro
l
f
o
r ... (H
ussain A. At
ti
a)
85
1
[26]
Dan
i
el
W
.
H
a
rt,
“
P
ower
E
l
ectronics
”,
P
u
b
lis
hed
b
y
M
cG
raw-Hill,
New
Yo
rk
,
NY
1
00
20
,
IS
BN
978-0
-
07
-338
06
7-
4,
2
0
11,
w
w
w
.mh
h
e.
co
m
[27]
R.
R
ahm
a
ni
,
M.
S
eyed
m
a
hm
ou
di
an,
S
.
M
ekhil
e
f
and
R.
Y
us
of
,
“Im
p
l
e
m
entatio
n
o
f
f
u
zzy
l
o
g
i
c
M
ax
im
um
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
Tracki
n
g
Con
t
ro
ll
er f
or Ph
o
t
ovo
lt
aic S
y
stem
”
,
AJ
A
S
,
1
0
(
3
), pp
. 2
09
-2
18
,
2
0
1
3
.
[28]
M
.
K
u
m
ar,
S.
R
.
Kap
o
o
r
,
R.
N
ag
ar,
A.
V
erm
a
,
“Com
pari
so
n
be
tw
een
I
C
a
n
d
Fuz
z
y
Lo
gic
MPP
T
A
l
g
o
ri
th
m
Ba
se
d
S
o
la
r
P
V
S
ys
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
B
o
os
t
C
o
nv
e
r
te
r
”
,
IJAREEI
E
,
V
o
l
.
4
,
I
ss.
6
,
pp
.
4
9
2
7
-4939
,
2
01
5.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
H
u
ss
ain
Atti
a
earn
e
d
h
i
s
M
.
Sc.
degree
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
c
en
gin
eerin
g
f
rom
the
University
o
f
T
echno
lo
gy
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d,
i
n
19
99.
H
e
ea
rn
ed
h
i
s
B
.
S
c.
i
n
electro
nic
a
n
d
c
om
m
u
n
i
cat
io
n
engin
eeri
ng
f
r
om
t
he
s
am
e
u
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
i
n
19
91
.
M
.
S
c
.
H
u
ss
ain
’
s
res
e
a
r
ch
i
n
t
e
rest
s:
P
ow
er
E
le
ct
ron
i
cs
S
yst
e
m,
A
C
&
D
C
S
p
e
e
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
D
r
i
v
e
s
,
A
n
a
l
o
g
&
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
C
i
r
c
u
it
s
Des
i
gn,
P
W
M
I
nvert
e
rs
(s
ingle
phas
e
& three p
h
ases
).
F
e
rnan
do
d
el
A
m
a
G
o
n
zalo
Fern
and
o
h
as
s
ev
ent
een
y
e
a
rs
o
f
t
eachi
n
g
e
xp
er
ien
ce
rel
a
t
e
d
to
co
nst
r
uct
i
o
n
t
echn
o
l
o
g
y
,
build
in
g
ph
ys
ics
and
en
ergy
m
a
nag
e
men
t
i
n
b
u
i
ld
in
gs.
He
e
a
r
n
e
d
a
M
a
st
er
i
n
renew
a
b
l
e
en
ergi
e
s
a
t
S
a
n
P
a
blo
CEU
Un
iversit
y
i
n
M
a
d
ri
d.
H
is
P
hD
i
s
rela
ted
t
o
arch
itect
ural
acou
s
tics in con
c
e
rt
h
alls. P
r
i
o
r
t
o
t
h
a
t
,
h
e acq
u
i
red
m
o
re t
han
10
years
of
p
ro
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
ex
perien
c
e
a
s
a
co-f
o
und
er
o
f
a
s
p
in
-o
ff
c
orp
o
rati
on
,
as
a
n
arc
h
i
te
c
t
ura
l
b
ure
a
u
pa
rtne
r,
a
nd
a
s
3D
g
r
aphi
c
des
i
g
n
er.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.