Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r 2020
, pp.
1323
~
13
3
2
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
3
.
pp
13
2
3
-
13
3
2
1323
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Close
d loop c
ont
ro
l
of DC
-
DC
co
nvert
er
s
using PI
D and F
OPID
contr
ollers
Aseem
K, Sel
va K
um
ar
S
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering,
Amr
ita
Sch
ool
of Engin
ee
ri
ng,
Amri
ta Vishw
a
Vidyapeet
h
a
m,
India
.
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
11
, 201
9
Re
vised
Feb
4
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Apr
26
,
2020
Frac
ti
on
al
orde
r
con
trol
l
ers
are
nowada
ys
used
in
v
ari
ous
powe
r
e
le
c
tronic
conve
rt
ers
as
it
is
giv
ing
sup
eri
or
cont
rol
p
erf
orma
n
ce
co
mpa
red
with
conve
nt
iona
l
PI
D
cont
rol
le
rs.
T
his
paper
pr
ese
n
ts
the
c
losed
loo
p
cont
ro
l
of
diffe
ren
t
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
ers
using
PID
cont
roll
e
rs
and
Frac
ti
on
a
l
Order
PID
(FO
PID
)
cont
roll
ers.
The
cl
osed
loop
control
of
t
he
basi
c
conv
erters
such
as
buck,
boost
,
bu
ck
-
boost
conv
er
te
rs
and
dua
l
i
nput
singl
e
out
put
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
ers
wer
e
design
ed,
mod
el
ed
and
analyz
ed
using
conventiona
l
PID
cont
roller
and
F
OP
ID
cont
roll
er
s.
The
per
form
a
nce
of
the
controlle
rs
are
com
par
ed
in
te
r
ms
of
the
dif
fer
e
nt
t
ime
do
ma
in
s
pec
if
ic
a
ti
ons
li
k
e
ov
er
shoot,
rise
ti
m
e,
se
tt
l
in
g
t
im
e
,
e
tc
.
and
simul
ated
in
M
ATLAB
Simu
link
pl
at
form
.
For
al
l
type
s
of
the
DC
-
DC
co
nver
te
rs,
FO
PID
cont
ro
ll
er
giv
e
s
far
be
tter
per
forma
n
ce c
o
mpa
red
with
con
vent
ion
al
PID
co
ntrol
lers
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Boo
st t
yp
e
con
ver
te
r
Buck
ty
pe
c
onv
erter
Buck
-
bo
os
t t
yp
e co
nv
e
rter
Du
al
i
nput
-
si
ngle
outp
ut
conve
rter
FO
P
ID co
ntr
ol
le
r
PI
D
contr
oller
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Aseem
K,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g,
Amri
ta
Scho
ol
of Enginee
rin
g, Coim
bato
re,
Amri
ta
V
ish
wa
V
id
ya
peetha
m
, In
dia.
Emai
l:
azie
ee@g
mail
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Gen
e
rall
y,
DC
-
DC
c
onver
te
r
s
are
the
sim
pl
e
power
el
ect
ronic
de
vices
that
switc
hes
one
le
vel
of
input v
oltage to anothe
r
le
vel
o
f ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age. Normall
y,
D
C
-
DC conv
e
rter output v
oltage can be c
ontrolle
d
us
in
g
P
W
M
s
witc
hing
with
PI
D
co
ntr
oller
s
in
cl
os
e
d
l
oo
p.
DC
-
DC
co
nverter
s
are
mainly
us
e
d
in
s
w
it
ched
mode
dc
powe
r
sup
plies,
DC
mo
to
r
dr
ive
s,
com
pu
te
r
swit
ched
mode
power
s
upplies,
office
de
vices,
c
on
t
rol
of
ap
pliances
,
co
mm
un
ic
at
ion
e
qu
i
pm
e
nt,
ai
rc
raf
ts,
re
gen
e
rati
ve
bra
king
of
DC
mo
to
rs,
et
c.
M
a
ny
app
li
c
at
io
ns
of
the
DC
-
DC
co
nv
e
rters
a
r
e
dema
ndin
g
the
fast
trac
ki
ng
of
the
re
f
eren
ce
volt
age
s
with
minimu
m
t
ran
s
ie
nts.
As
the
powe
r
el
ect
r
onic
s
co
nverte
rs
a
re
nonlinea
r,
w
e
re
qu
i
re
a
n
ad
equ
at
e
co
ntr
oller
t
o
meet
these
s
pe
ci
ficat
ion
s.
B
y
us
in
g
these
conve
ntion
al
c
on
t
ro
ll
er,
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
ma
y
c
onta
in
la
rg
e
ov
e
rs
hoots,
hi
gh
set
tl
ing
ti
me,
an
d
t
he
wav
e
f
orm
ob
ta
ine
d
will
not
be
sm
oo
t
h.
Im
pro
ve
ments
i
n
t
he
r
e
du
ct
io
n
of
t
he
ov
e
rs
hoots,
set
tl
ing
ti
me,
rise
ti
me
,
et
c.
can
be
ob
t
ai
ned
by
F
racti
on
al
Orde
r
P
I
D
(
FOPI
D)
c
ontr
ollers.
Buck
a
nd
boost
DC
-
DC
c
onver
te
r
s
are
c
ontrolle
d
by
hybri
d
an
d
op
ti
ma
l
con
tr
ollers
in
[1].
H
ere,
t
he
goo
d
performa
nce
c
an
only
be
ac
hieve
d
with
the
c
onside
rati
on
of
no
nline
ar
natu
re
of
t
he
c
ontrol
pr
ob
le
m
.
The
loa
d
an
d
li
ne
regulat
io
ns
are
te
st
ed
us
in
g
ada
ptive
f
uz
zy
co
ntr
oller
a
nd
perf
or
ma
nc
e
e
valuated
i
n
[2].
A
fast
res
pons
e
sp
ee
d
with
re
sp
ect
to
the
r
efere
nce
an
d
load
vo
lt
age
var
ia
ti
on
is
achieve
d
us
i
ng
mode
l
pr
e
dicti
ve
volt
age
co
ntr
ol
[
3].
A
zer
o
ste
a
dy
sta
te
error
is
achieve
d
usi
ng
a
kalma
n
filt
er
base
d
model
pr
e
dicti
ve
co
nt
ro
ll
er in
ste
p
dow
n dc
-
dc
co
nverter
[
4]
. Cl
ose
d
lo
op
c
ontr
ol is carr
ie
d ou
t
us
in
g
ex
act
f
ee
db
ac
k
li
near
iz
at
ion
t
echn
i
qu
e
to
st
and
a
r
d
DC
-
D
C
bu
c
k
c
onve
rter
in
[5]
.
F
OP
I
D
c
ontroll
ers
ha
ve
five
tun
a
ble
par
a
mete
rs
in
add
it
io
n
to
t
he
three
gain
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
c
onve
ntion
al
PID
co
ntr
ollers.
Hen
ce
t
he
fle
xi
bili
ty
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
2
3
–
13
3
2
1324
of
F
OPID
c
ontrolle
rs
are
m
ore
t
han
the
c
onve
ntio
nal
PID
c
ontr
ollers.
The
desi
gn
of
Fr
act
io
nal
Ord
er
PID
con
t
ro
ll
er
can
be
m
ade
by
fin
ding
th
e
values
of
par
a
mete
rs
µ
(in
de
rivati
ve
orde
r)
an
d
λ
(in
i
nteg
rator
orde
r).
This
pa
per
is
orga
nised
in
s
uc
h
a
way
that
t
he
sect
io
n
2
e
xp
la
ins
the
ope
ra
ti
on
of
var
i
ou
s
DC
-
DC
co
nve
rters
unde
r
stu
dy.
S
ect
ion
3
desc
ribes
the
str
uct
ure
of
co
nventi
on
al
P
ID
a
nd
FO
P
ID
c
ontr
ollers.
Sect
io
n
4
dep
ic
ts
the
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
co
ntr
ol
an
d
analysis
of
c
onve
rters
us
in
g
co
nventio
na
l
PI
D
a
nd
FOPID
c
ontr
oller
s
and
the
c
omparati
ve
anal
ys
is
of
pe
rformance
of
con
t
ro
ll
ers
.
T
he
co
nclu
sio
n
is
gi
ven
in
the
s
ect
ion
5
f
ollo
w
ed
by
ref
e
ren
ces
.
2.
OPER
ATIO
N
OF
DIFFE
R
ENT D
C
-
D
C CO
NV
E
RTERS
2.1
Buck
c
onverte
r
This
c
onve
rter
is
al
so
cal
le
d
as
ste
p
dow
n
c
onve
rter
wh
ic
h
pro
duces
the
aver
a
ge
outp
ut
lowe
r
t
han
the
input
DC
vo
lt
age
.
Fig
ure
1
s
hows
t
he
ci
rcu
it
diag
ra
m
of
buck
c
onve
rter.
D
ur
i
ng
the
per
io
d
wh
e
n
the
switc
h
is
c
lo
sed
(
),
the
di
od
e
bec
om
es
r
ever
se
biase
d.
The
in
put
volt
age
is
deli
ver
e
d
to
t
he
loa
d
a
nd
inducto
r.
T
he
vo
lt
age
acr
os
s
the
in
du
ct
or,
=
−
0
.
Durin
g
th
e
pe
r
iod
w
hen
the
s
witc
h
is
op
e
n
(
),
the
di
od
e
bec
om
es
f
orward
biased
an
d
t
he
in
put
vo
lt
age
ca
nnot
be
delivere
d
t
o
t
he
loa
d
as
we
ll
as
to
the
in
duct
or.
T
he
st
or
e
d
ene
r
gy
in
in
duct
or
is
tra
ns
fe
rred
to
the
loa
d
i.e
.
=
−
.
T
he
e
quivale
nt
ci
rc
u
it
diag
rams
a
re show
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
Fig
ure
1
.
The
bu
c
k
c
onve
rter
Fig
ure
2
.
Eq
ui
valent
ci
rc
uit d
ia
gr
ams
Desig
n
e
quat
io
ns
of the
buck
conve
rter a
re
gi
ven
belo
w [
6,
7].
The rat
io
betw
een
ou
t
pu
t
volt
ages
0
to t
he
in
put v
oltage
is
=
(1)
wh
e
re
D
is t
he du
t
y rati
o
By ass
um
i
ng no powe
r
los
s
oc
cur
s
in
t
he
c
onve
rter,
the
cu
r
ren
t
rati
o
is
=
1
(2)
the
in
du
ct
or cu
rr
e
nt r
i
pp
le
,
=
0
(
1
−
)
(3)
the
pea
k
-
pea
k o
utput v
oltage
r
ip
ple
0
is giv
e
n by,
=
=
8
(
1
−
)
(4)
2.2
Boo
s
t
c
onvert
er
This
c
onve
rter
is
a
ste
p
up
t
yp
e
c
onve
rter
wh
ic
h
pro
duce
s
a
n
outp
ut
volt
age
hi
gher
th
an
t
hat
of
the
in
pu
t
volt
age.
Fig
ure
3
s
hows
the
ci
rc
uit
diag
ram
of
bo
os
t
co
nverter
.
Durin
g
the
inte
rv
al
wh
e
n
t
he
switc
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Cl
os
ed
l
oop
c
ontrol
of
DC
-
D
C co
nverters
usi
ng PID
a
nd
Fractio
na
l
Or
de
r PID
(F
OPID… (
A
seem
K
)
1325
is
ON
(
),
di
od
e
is
rev
e
rse
bias
ed
an
d
i
nput
is
thu
s
is
olate
d
f
rom
the
loa
d.
Wh
e
n
t
he
swit
ch
is
O
FF
(
),
the
di
ode
is
forw
a
r
d
biased,
t
he
outp
ut
load
recei
ve
s
ene
rgy
f
rom
the
in
pu
t
and
in
du
ct
or
as
well
.
The
e
quivale
nt
circuit a
re shown
in
Fig
ure
4.
Fig
ure
3
.
Bo
ost
co
nve
rter
(a)
(b)
Fig
ure
4
.
Eq
ui
valent circ
uit d
ia
gr
am
, (
a
)
s
wi
tc
h
on,
(b) s
witc
h off
Desig
n
e
quat
io
ns
of the
boost
conve
rter a
re
gi
ven
belo
w [
6,
7].
The rat
io
betw
een th
e
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
0
to the
input v
oltage
is
=
1
1
−
(5)
By ass
um
i
ng no powe
r
los
ses
occures,
the c
urre
nt r
at
io
is
=
1
−
(6)
The In
duct
anc
e,
=
∆
(7)
Ca
pacit
ance
=
0
∆
0
(8)
The pea
k
-
pe
a
k ou
t
pu
t
volt
ag
e ripple
is
giv
e
n by,
∆
=
∆
=
0
(9)
2.3
Buck
-
b
oost
conver
ter
A
bu
c
k
boost
typ
e
co
nverte
r
can
be
obta
ine
d
by
casca
ding
the
tw
o
basic
conve
rter
i.e
.,
Buck
ty
pe
conve
rter
a
nd
Boost
ty
pe
co
nv
e
rter.
The
ci
rc
uit
diag
ram
for
the
bu
c
k
-
boos
t
t
ype
c
onve
rter
sh
ow
n
in
the
Fig
ure
5.
The
higher/l
ow
e
r
le
vel
o
f
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
is
obta
ined
in
t
he
buck
-
bo
os
t
c
onve
rter
dep
e
nds
up
on
the
duty
rati
o,
but
it
ha
s
s
a
ne
gative
po
la
rity
outp
ut
volt
age
with
res
pe
ct
to
the
c
ommo
n
te
rmin
al
of
t
he
input
volt
age.
Durin
g
the
pe
r
iod
when
s
witc
h
is
O
N,
the
lo
ad
gets
isolat
ed
f
rom
the
in
put
an
d
inducto
r
gets
e
nerg
y
f
rom
the
input
volt
age.
Durin
g
the
pe
rio
d
w
he
n
swit
ch
is
O
FF,
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
l
oad
is
agai
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
2
3
–
13
3
2
1326
isolat
ed
f
r
om
t
he
in
put
an
d
t
he
store
d
e
ne
rgy
of
t
he
i
nduct
or
is
tra
ns
fe
rr
e
d
to
the
l
oad.
The
e
quivale
nt
ci
rcu
it
diag
rams
a
re show
n
i
n
Fig
ure
6
.
Fig
ure
5
.
Buc
k
-
bo
os
t t
ype c
onve
rter
(a)
(b)
Fig
ure
6
.
Eq
ui
valent circ
uit d
ia
gr
ams
,
(a)
sw
it
ch
on, (
b)
swi
tc
h
off
Desig
n
e
quat
io
ns
of the
buck
-
boos
t c
onve
rter is
giv
e
n belo
w
[
6, 7].
The rat
io
betw
een th
e
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
0
to the
input v
oltage
is
=
1
−
(10)
The In
duct
anc
e,
=
∆
(11),
Ca
pacit
ance,
=
0
∆
0
(12)
The pea
k
to
p
e
ak ou
t
pu
t
rip
pl
e volt
age,
∆
=
∆
=
0
(13)
2.4
Dual
inpu
t
sin
gle out
put
(
DI
SO)
co
nv
er
ter
The
D
ual
i
nput
sin
gle
outp
ut
t
yp
e
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rters
has
a
t
wo
vo
lt
ag
e
s
ou
rces
a
s
i
nput
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
7.
It
c
ombine
s
the
feat
ur
es
of
th
e
buc
k
ty
pe,
bo
os
t
t
yp
e
an
d
buck
boos
t
t
ype
c
onve
rters.
The
re
a
r
e
f
our
mode
s
of
ope
r
at
ion
base
d
on
the
in
put
vo
lt
age
s
ources
an
d
ON
an
d
OFF
co
ndit
ion
s
of
the
tw
o
s
witc
hes
S
1
and
S
2
.
The
i
nput
volt
age
c
ha
rg
es
the
i
nduc
tor
of
the
c
onve
rter
duri
ng
the
ON
a
nd
OF
F
sta
te
s
of
the
tw
o
switc
hes.
Wh
e
n
bo
t
h
s
witc
he
s
are
O
N,
the
diodes
a
re
r
e
ve
rse
biased
a
nd
wh
e
n
both
s
witc
hes
a
re
O
FF,
t
he
diodes a
re
for
ward
biased
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Cl
os
ed
l
oop
c
ontrol
of
DC
-
D
C co
nverters
usi
ng PID
a
nd
Fractio
na
l
Or
de
r PID
(F
OPID… (
A
seem
K
)
1327
Fig
ure
7 D
ual input si
ng
le
outpu
t
(
DI
S
O) c
onve
rter
The
in
pu
t
an
d
t
he
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
relat
ion
sh
i
p
base
d
on
t
he
t
wo
duty
c
ycles
1
a
nd
2
a
re
giv
e
n by the
eq
uation
=
1
1
−
1
1
+
2
1
−
2
2
(14)
3.
CONVE
NTI
ONAL
PI
D A
ND FOP
ID
CONTR
OLL
ERS
3.1
Conv
e
nt
i
on
al
PID
c
ontr
oller
s
The PI
D
c
on
t
r
oller tu
ner s
hown
Fig
ure
8(
a
)
u
ses
the
f
or
m
ul
a
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
=
(
+
+
)
(15)
Wh
e
re,
-
P
r
opor
ti
on
al
con
t
ro
l
gain
,
-
In
te
gr
al
gain
,
-
D
erivati
ve
ga
in
3.2
Fract
i
onal o
r
der PI
D
c
ontr
oller
s
The
f
racti
on
al
order
base
d
PID
c
ontr
ollers
or
λ
µ
c
on
tr
ollers
c
on
sist
s
of
f
ract
ion
al
i
nteg
rato
r
a
nd
fr
act
io
nal
de
ri
vative
that
hel
ps
to
imp
r
ov
e
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
s
ys
te
ms
[
9].
T
he
tr
ansf
e
r
functi
on
of
th
e
fr
act
io
nal
orde
r
P
ID co
ntr
oller s
how
n
i
n Fi
g
ur
e
8 (
b) is gi
ve
n belo
w,
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
=
+
−
λ
+
µ
(16)
Fig
ure
8 Ge
neral
blo
c
k
diag
ra
m of
PID a
nd
FO
P
ID co
ntr
ol
le
r
4.
CLOSE
D
LO
OP
CONTRO
L OF
DC
-
DC
CONVE
RTERS
US
I
NG PI
D AND F
OPI
D
CONTR
OLL
ERS
In
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
con
t
ro
l
of
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rters,
outp
ut
volt
age
er
ror
c
orres
po
nd
i
ng
to
the
va
riat
ion
in
the
in
put
volt
age
is
e
ve
ntu
al
l
y
gets
c
orrecte
d
by
the
aut
oma
ti
c
feedbac
k
c
on
t
ro
l.
T
his
le
ad
s
t
o
sl
ow
dy
namic
performa
nce
i
n
re
gu
la
ti
ng
the
ou
t
pu
t
with
res
pect
to
the
c
ha
ng
e
s
in
in
pu
t
volt
age
[10
].
If
the
duty
rati
o
c
ou
l
d
be
a
dju
ste
d
s
uc
h
th
at
to
a
cco
mmodate
t
he
c
hange
in
t
he
i
nput,
the
n
t
he
c
onve
rter
outp
ut
would
be
regulat
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
2
3
–
13
3
2
1328
Hen
ce
P
ID
or
FOPI
D
c
ontr
ollers
int
rod
uc
ed
with
PWM
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
[
11].
The
ge
ner
al
blo
c
k
di
agr
a
m
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
g
ur
e
9
.
Fig
ure
9
.
Ge
ne
ral
bl
ock
dia
gram of cl
os
ed
lo
op contr
ol
of
D
C
-
DC c
onve
rters
4.1
Clos
ed
lo
op c
on
t
rol
of buc
k
co
n
ver
ter
usi
ng
PID
and F
OPID
co
nt
r
oller
s
The
buc
k
co
nv
erter
is
desig
ne
d
us
i
ng
the
e
quat
ions
1
-
4
as
giv
e
n
in
sect
io
n
2.1
a
nd
a
re
s
how
n
i
n
the
Table
1.
Desig
n
Value
s
of
P
I
D
c
ontr
oller
a
r
e
sho
wn
in
t
he
Ta
ble
2.
The
c
onve
rter
outp
ut
volt
age
is
re
gula
te
d
with
le
sse
r
set
tl
ing
a
nd
rise
ti
me
us
in
g
FOP
ID
co
ntr
oll
er
c
ompare
d
with
PI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
.
The
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
rip
ple
is
dr
ast
i
cal
ly
re
du
ce
d
with
F
OPI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er.
T
he
ov
e
rs
hoot
is
r
edu
ce
d
co
ns
id
erab
l
y
from
a
higher
value
to
a
ne
gl
igible
value
with
t
he
us
e
of
FOPI
D
co
ntr
oller.
T
he
unde
r
s
hoot
a
nd
t
he
sle
w
rates
ar
e
al
s
o
impro
ved
with
the
us
e
d
F
OPID
over
P
I
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
.
T
he
performa
nce
com
par
is
on
of
bu
c
k
c
onve
rter
with
conve
ntion
al
P
ID
a
nd
F
OPID
are
giv
e
n
in
T
able
3.
T
he
c
ompa
rison
of
re
sp
onse
of
the
c
onve
rter
unde
r
these
two
c
ontr
ollers
are
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
10.
Table
1
.
Desig
n para
mete
rs o
f
the
buc
k
c
onver
te
r
Table
2
.
Desig
n Values
of c
ontr
ollers
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
Inp
u
t Voltag
e,
2
4
V
Ind
u
ctan
ce,
L
0
.1 H
Cap
acitance, C
4
7
µF
Load
Resis
tan
ce, R
2
5
Ω
Switch
in
g
f
requ
en
cy
5
0
0
0
Hz
Du
ty
cycle, D
0
.4
Co
n
troller
λ
µ
FOPID
0
.70
2
0
.6
0
.45
0
.88
5
1
.2
PID
0
.94
0
.45
0
.58
4
7
-
-
Table
3
.
T
he
perf
ormance
compa
rison
of bu
ck
c
onve
rter
w
it
h
co
nv
e
ntio
na
l
PI
D
and
FOPI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
Co
n
troller
Vd
(V)
Vo
(V)
Ris
e T
i
m
e
(m
s)
Slew r
ate
(m
v
/s)
Rip
p
le
(V)
Ov
ersh
o
o
t
%
Un
d
er
-
Sh
o
o
t %
Settlin
g
T
im
e
PID
24
9
.93
3
9
2
.68
7
8
5
.73
5
0
.02
1
5
.69
8
2
.00
0
1
9
.98
m
s
FOPID
24
9
.99
4
0
.61
4
1
0
5
.223
0
0
.50
5
2
.06
0
0
.00
3
m
s
Fig
ure
10 Co
m
par
is
on of
outp
ut volt
age
of
buck
con
ver
te
r
s
us
in
g
P
I
D
a
nd
FO
P
ID
co
ntr
ol
le
rs
P
I
D
/
F
O
P
I
D
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
L
E
R
C
O
M
P
A
R
A
T
O
R
E
R
R
O
R
A
M
P
L
I
F
I
E
R
S
A
W
T
O
O
T
H
W
A
V
E
F
O
R
M
D
R
I
V
E
C
I
R
C
U
I
T
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
D
C
–
D
C
C
O
N
V
E
R
T
E
R
O
U
T
P
U
T
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
L
R
C
V
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Cl
os
ed
l
oop
c
ontrol
of
DC
-
D
C co
nverters
usi
ng PID
a
nd
Fractio
na
l
Or
de
r PID
(F
OPID… (
A
seem
K
)
1329
4.2
Clos
ed
lo
op c
on
t
rol
of
b
oos
t
c
onverter
us
ing PI
D an
d F
OPID co
nt
r
oller
s
The
boos
t
c
on
ver
te
r
is
de
sig
ned
us
i
ng
the
equ
at
io
ns
5
-
9
as
giv
e
n
i
n
se
ct
ion
2.2
a
nd
are
s
how
n
in
Table
5.
Desig
n
value
s
of
P
I
D
a
nd
FOPI
D
con
t
ro
ll
ers
a
re
sh
ow
n
i
n
the
T
able
6
.
T
he
c
onve
rter
out
pu
t
vo
lt
age
is
re
gu
la
te
d
at
desire
d
volt
age
le
vel
with
le
ss
er
set
tl
in
g
a
nd
rise
ti
me
us
i
ng
F
OPID
c
on
tr
ol
le
r
co
mp
a
re
d
wit
h
PI
D
c
ontrolle
r
.
T
he
outp
ut
volt
age
rip
ple
drast
ic
al
ly
re
du
ced
with
F
OPI
D
c
ontr
oller
a
s
in
the
case
of
buc
k
conve
rte
r.
T
he
ove
rsho
ot
is
r
edu
ce
d
co
ns
i
de
rab
l
y
with
the
use
of
F
OPID
co
ntr
oller.
T
he
un
der
s
hoot
a
nd
the
sle
w
rates
are
i
mpro
ve
d wit
h
t
he
F
OPID
cont
ro
ll
ers
over
P
I
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
.
Table
4
.
T
he
perf
ormance
compa
rison
of bo
os
t c
onver
te
r wit
h
c
onve
ntio
nal P
ID an
d F
O
PID c
ontr
ollers
Co
n
troller
Vd
(V)
Vo
(V)
Ris
e T
i
m
e
(µs)
Slew r
ate
(m
v
/
m
s)
Rip
p
le
(V)
Ov
ersh
o
o
t
%
Un
d
er
-
Sh
o
o
t
%
Settlin
g
Tim
e
PID
5
1
1
.61
4
3
2
.533
2
1
.83
9
0
.5
2
7
.56
4
-
1
.04
7
1
9
.91
9
m
s
FOPID
5
1
1
.99
6
0
6
.711
1
5
.80
5
0
.00
1
1
.53
1
1
.03
2
.43
4
m
s
The
pe
rforman
ce
co
mp
a
rison
of
boos
t
co
nv
erter
with
co
nventio
nal
PID
and
F
OPID
ar
e
gi
ven
in
Table
4.
The
c
omparis
on
of
r
esp
on
se
of
t
he
boost
co
nvert
er
unde
r
P
ID
a
nd
F
OPID
co
nt
ro
ll
ers
a
re
sho
wn
in
Fig
ure
11.
Table
5
.
Desig
n para
mete
rs o
f
the
bo
os
t co
nverte
r
Table
6
.
Desig
n values
of c
ontrolle
rs
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
Inp
u
t Voltag
e
5V
Ind
u
ctan
ce L
1
5
0
µH
Cap
acitance C
2
0
0
µF
Load
Resis
tan
ce R
3
0
Ω
Switch
in
g
f
requ
en
cy
5
0
0
0
Hz
Du
ty
cycle
0
.6
Co
n
troller
λ
µ
FOPID
1
.53
6
95
0
.00
0
4
0
.99
9
9
0
.52
5
5
PID
1
.02
6
5
3
.56
0
.00
0
3
-
-
Fig
ure
11
.
C
ompa
rison
of ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
ag
e
of
boos
t c
onve
rters
us
in
g
P
I
D
a
nd F
OP
I
D
c
ontrolle
rs
4.3
Clos
ed
lo
op c
on
t
rol
of Buc
k
-
Bo
ost t
ype
c
onverter
usin
g
c
onven
tiona
l PID an
d F
O
PID
c
ontr
oller
s
The
desi
gned
values
f
or
t
he
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
buc
k
-
boos
t
conve
rter
are
s
how
n
i
n
Table
.
7,
w
hich
is
evaluate
d
from
the
eq
uatio
ns
10
-
13.Th
e
valu
es
of
va
rio
us
ga
in
par
a
mete
rs
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
c
on
trolle
rs
are
li
ste
d
i
n
the
Ta
ble.
8.
The
perf
orman
ce
com
pa
rison
of
bu
c
k
-
b
oost
co
nv
e
rter
wit
h
c
onve
ntio
nal
PID
a
nd
F
OPID
ar
e
giv
e
n
i
n
Table
.
9.
Th
e
tra
ns
i
ent
performa
nc
e
of
the
FOPI
D
c
ontr
oller
is
bette
r
tha
n
th
at
of
P
I
D
c
ontrolle
rs
.
The
ove
rsho
ot
and
set
tl
ing
ti
me
are
imp
r
oved
well
with
t
he
us
e
of
FOP
ID
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
.
The
co
mp
a
ri
s
on
of
respo
ns
e
of
the
buc
k
-
boos
t
c
onver
te
r
unde
r
PID
a
nd
FO
P
I
D
con
tr
ollers
are
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
g
ur
e
12
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
2
3
–
13
3
2
1330
Table
7
.
Desig
n para
mete
rs o
f
the
buc
k
-
boost
conve
rter
Table
8
. Desi
gn
values
of c
ontrolle
rs
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
Inp
u
t Voltag
e,
15V
Ind
u
ctan
ce,
L
1
5
0
µH
Cap
acitance, C
2
5
0
µF
Load
Resis
tan
ce, R
5
0
Ω
Switch
in
g
f
requ
en
cy
5
0
0
0
Hz
Du
ty
cycle
0
.6
Co
n
troller
λ
µ
FOPID
0
.18
4
4
7
7
.44
8
6
0
.21
1
8
1
.88
0
.65
PID
0
.87
5
8
8
4
.01
3
7e
-
4
-
-
Table
9
.
T
he
perf
ormance
compa
rison
of bu
ck
-
boos
t c
onve
rter
with c
onve
ntion
al
PID a
nd F
OPID
contr
ollers
Co
n
troller
Vd
(V)
Vo
(V)
Ris
e T
i
m
e
(m
s)
Slew r
ate
(m
v
/
m
s)
Rip
p
le
(V)
Ov
ersh
o
o
t
%
Un
d
er
-
Sh
o
o
t
%
Settlin
g
Tim
e
ms
PID
15
5
5
.95
7
.21
2
-
8
.27
9
0
.8
3
.76
1
1
.31
4
1
2
.56
FOPID
15
5
7
.16
6
.23
2
-
2
2
.28
3
0
.05
2
.46
0
2
.57
7
8
.90
5
Fig
ure
12
.
C
ompa
rison
of ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
ag
e
of
bu
c
k
-
bo
os
t co
nverter
s
us
in
g
P
ID
an
d
F
OPI
D con
t
ro
ll
ers
4.4
Clos
ed
lo
op c
on
t
rol
of DIS
O conver
ters
using PID
and
FOPI
D
c
ontr
oller
s
Thr
ee
P
ID
/F
O
PI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
s
are
use
d
to
a
chieve
the
desi
red
outp
ut
volt
age
le
vel
by
co
ntr
olli
ng
t
he
two
s
witc
hes
in
t
he
co
nverte
r.
The
desig
ne
d
valu
es
f
or
t
he
pa
rameters
of
DI
S
O
co
nv
erter
is
li
ste
d
in
t
he
Table
10.T
he
tun
e
d
val
ues
of
the
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
ga
ins
a
re
ta
bu
la
t
ed
i
n
Table
11.
T
he
t
wo
vo
lt
a
ge
s
ource
s
a
re
us
e
d
in
w
hich
1
is
the
hi
gh
e
r
vo
lt
age
an
d
2
is
the
lowe
r
volt
ag
e
source.
The
value
of
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
ca
n
be
cal
culat
ed
us
i
ng
t
he
e
quat
ion
14
i
n
sect
ion
1.4.
T
he
rise
ti
me
an
d
set
tl
ing
ti
me
of
the
c
o
nve
rter
is
consi
der
a
bly
r
edu
ce
d
with
th
e
us
e
of
F
OPI
D
co
ntr
oller
as
giv
e
n
in
the
T
able
12.
T
he
c
omparis
on
of
r
esp
on
se
of the
DISO
conv
e
rter
unde
r PID an
d FO
PID c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
a
re show
n
in
Fi
g
ure
13.
Table
10
.
Pa
ra
mete
rs of t
he DISO
DC
-
DC
conve
rter
Table
11
.
Design
val
ues
of co
ntr
ollers
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
Inp
u
t Voltag
e
1
300V
Inp
u
t Voltag
e
2
150V
Ind
u
ctan
ce L
1
0
m
H
Cap
acitance C
1
0
0
0
µF
Load
Resis
tan
ce R
1
8
0
Ω
Switch
in
g
f
requ
en
cy
5
0
0
0
Hz
Co
n
troller
λ
µ
PID
PID1
0
.85
4
70
0
.00
1
2
-
-
PID2
0
.95
85
0
.00
3
5
-
-
PID3
0
.85
6
75
0
.00
2
5
-
-
FOPID
FOPID1
0
.95
0
.85
0
.75
0
.99
9
0
.95
FOPID2
0
.65
0
.55
0
.02
1
4
0
.7
0
.9
FOPID3
0
.45
0
.25
0
.00
2
4
0
.6
0
.75
Table
12
.
T
he per
forma
nce c
omparis
on of
DI
S
O
c
onve
rte
r
wit
h
c
onve
ntion
al
PID a
nd F
OP
I
D
c
ontr
ollers
Co
n
troller
1
(
)
2
(
)
(
)
Ris
e T
i
m
e
(m
s)
Slew Rate
(m
v
/
m
s)
Rip
p
le
(V)
Ov
er
sh
o
o
t
%
Un
d
er
sh
o
o
t
%
Settlin
g
Time
(m
s)
PID
300
150
292
1
0
5
.149
2
.22
2
10
6
.63
4
7
.73
9
0
.24
9
FOPID
300
150
309
4
6
.57
8
5
.32
3
1
0
.94
8
3
.94
4
0
.02
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Cl
os
ed
l
oop
c
ontrol
of
DC
-
D
C co
nverters
usi
ng PID
a
nd
Fractio
na
l
Or
de
r PID
(F
OPID… (
A
seem
K
)
1331
Fig
ure
13
.
C
ompa
rison
of ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
ag
e
of
DI
S
O
c
onve
rte
rs usin
g
P
I
D
a
nd F
OP
I
D
c
ontrolle
rs
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
c
on
t
ro
l
of
bu
c
k,
boos
t,
buck
-
boos
t
an
d
D
ISO
co
nver
te
rs
a
re
car
ried
out
with
conve
ntion
al
P
ID
co
ntr
oller
a
nd
F
racti
onal
Order
P
ID
c
ontrolle
r.
T
he
pe
rformance
were
eval
uated
in
te
rms
of
va
rio
us
ti
me
domai
n
s
pe
ci
ficat
ion
s
su
c
h
as
rise
ti
me
,
se
tt
li
ng
ti
me
,
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
rip
ple,
ove
rsho
ot,
unde
rsho
ot
et
c.
F
or
al
l
ty
pes
of
co
nverter
s,
the
performa
nce
of
FOPI
D
co
ntro
ll
er
ga
ve
far
bette
r
re
su
lt
as
com
par
e
d
with
c
onve
ntio
nal
PID
c
ontr
ollers.
The
ri
pp
le
co
ntent
of
th
e
outp
ut
vo
lt
a
ge
is
re
du
ce
d
to
a
n
apprecia
ble
l
ower
val
ue
a
nd
al
mo
st
c
on
sta
nt
vo
lt
ag
e
ca
n
be
obser
ve
d
ac
r
os
s
t
he
loa
d
wi
th
the
us
e
of
F
OP
I
D
con
t
ro
ll
ers
.
He
nce,
t
hese
c
on
ver
te
r
s
with
F
OP
I
D
co
ntr
ollers
ca
n
be
us
e
d
in
the
ap
plica
ti
on
s
s
uc
h
a
s
gri
d
connecte
d/is
olate
d
PV
or
wi
nd
or
hybr
i
d
re
ne
w
able
gen
e
rat
ing
s
ys
te
ms
t
o
regulat
e
the
D
C
bu
s
volt
age
unde
r
var
ia
ble
irra
di
ance,
va
riable
te
mp
erat
ur
e
,
va
riable
wind
et
c.
It
is
ma
nd
at
ory
t
o
re
gula
te
the
DC
bu
s
volt
age
for
ma
xim
um
powe
r
ext
racti
on.
Hen
ce
the
stud
ie
s
a
nd
a
na
lysis
co
nduct
ed
in
the
pa
per
is
more
releva
nt.
T
he
performa
nce
of
F
OPID
c
on
tr
oller
ca
n
be
f
urt
her
im
proved
by
i
ntr
oducin
g
s
om
e
op
ti
mi
zat
ion
te
c
hn
i
ques
t
o
tun
e t
he gain
paramet
ers
m
ore p
recisel
y.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
Mari
et
ho
z
et
al
.
,
"Compa
rison
of
Hybrid
Cont
rol
Te
chn
ique
s
f
or
Buck
and
Bo
ost
DC
-
DC
Con
ver
te
rs,"
in
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Control Sy
st
ems Tec
hnology
,
vo
l. 18, no. 5, pp. 11
26
-
1145,
Sept
.
2
010
[2]
Rubaa
i
,
A.
R.
Ofoli,
L.
Burge
and
M
.
Garub
a
,
"H
ard
war
e
i
m
ple
m
ent
a
ti
on
of
an
ada
p
ti
ve
ne
t
work
-
base
d
fuz
z
y
cont
roller
for
D
C
-
DC
conve
rt
er
s,"
in
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Ind
ustry
Appl
i
catio
ns
,
vol.
41,
no.
6,
pp.
1557
-
156
5,
Nov.
-
Dec
.
2005.
[3]
B.
Wa
ng
,
V.
R
.
K.
Kana
m
arl
apu
di,
L
.
Xian
,
X.
Peng,
K.
T
.
T
an
and
P.
L
.
So,
"
Model
Predictiv
e
Volta
g
e
Contr
ol
for
Single
-
Induc
tor
Multi
pl
e
-
Out
put
DC
–
DC
Convert
er
W
it
h
R
ed
uce
d
Cross
Regu
la
ti
on
,
"
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industrial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vo
l. 63, n
o.
7
,
pp
.
4187
-
4
197,
July 2
016
.
[4]
T.
Gey
er,
G.
Pa
paf
oti
ou
and
M.
Morari
,
"H
ybrid
Model
Predictiv
e
Control
of
the
Step
-
Dow
n
DC
–
DC
Convert
er
,
"
in
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Con
t
rol
Syste
ms
Technology
,
vo
l. 16, no.
6,
pp
.
1112
-
112
4,
Nov.
2008.
[5]
M.
Sal
im
i
and
S.
Si
am
i
,
"Closed
-
Loop
cont
rol
of
DC
-
DC
bu
ck
c
onver
te
rs
base
d
on
ex
ac
t
f
ee
db
a
ck
li
ne
ariza
t
ion,"
2015
4th
Int
ernati
onal
Conf
ere
nce
on
E
le
c
tri
c
Powe
r
and
Ene
rgy
Conve
rs
ion
S
yste
m
s
(E
PE
CS)
,
Sharj
ah
,
pp.
1
-
4
,
2015
.
[6]
Mohan,
N.
,
Und
el
and
,
T.
M.
,
&
Robbins,
W.
P.
Pow
er
el
e
ct
r
onic
s:
Conv
erter
s,
app
li
c
at
io
ns
,
and
d
esign.
Ne
w
York:
Wiley
,
19
95
.
[7]
M.
H.
R
ashid, “P
ower
El
e
ct
ron
i
cs
-
Circ
ui
ts,
Dev
i
ce
s a
nd
Appli
ca
t
ions,”
3rd
Ed
it
io
n,
Pear
son
Educ
at
ion
,
2003
.
[8]
D.
Vasant
h
aku
ma
r
and
V.
Sri
kant
h,
“DC
-
DC
conv
ert
er
cont
r
ol
using
IP
controlle
r
”,
in
Com
putat
ion
of
Pow
er,
Ene
rgy,
Informa
ti
on
and
Comm
unic
ati
on
(ICCP
E
IC)
,
2014
Inte
rn
at
ion
al
Conf
ere
n
ce
on
,
2014
[9]
I.
Podlubny.
Fra
ct
ion
al
-
orde
r
sys
te
ms
and
-
cont
r
oll
ers.
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Au
tomati
c
Con
trol
,
vol.
44,
no.
1
,
pp
.
208
–
2
14,
1999
.
[10]
K.
Gopina
tha
n
a
nd
Mam
at
ha
,
I.,
“Ave
rag
e
cur
ren
t
mod
e
cont
ro
ll
e
d
DC
-
DC
conv
e
rte
r
using
d
igi
t
al
controll
ers”
,
in
Powe
r
and
Ene
r
gy
Syste
ms
:
Tow
ards
Sustainabl
e
En
ergy
(PE
S
TSE)
,
2016
Bien
nial
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Confe
ren
ce
o
n,
2016.
[11]
Cheng
-
Ching
Y
u.
Auto
tun
ing
of
PID
Control
l
ers:
Relay
Fe
ed
bac
k
Approa
ch.
Advanc
es
in
I
ndustria
l
Con
tro
l.
Springer
-
Verl
ag
,
London, 1999
[12]
T.
De
ept
i
,
Dr.
K
.
Dee
p
a,
and
M
Kumar
,
V.
,
“De
sign
and
im
p
le
m
ent
a
ti
on
of
30
W
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
er
for
Aerospace
appl
i
ca
t
ion”,
Int
ernati
onal
Revi
e
w
on
Mode
ll
ing
and
Simulations
(IR
EMOS
), vol.
6,
pp
.
323
–
328
,
2013.
[13]
S.
Mari
et
ho
z
et
al
.
,
"Compa
rison
of
Hybrid
Cont
rol
Te
chn
ique
s
f
or
Buck
and
Bo
ost
DC
-
DC
Con
ver
te
rs,"
in
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Control Sy
st
ems Tec
hnology
,
vo
l. 18, no. 5, pp. 11
26
-
1145,
Sept
.
2
010.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
2
3
–
13
3
2
1332
[14]
A.
Rubaai,
A.
R
.
Ofoli
,
L.
Burg
e
and
M.
Ga
rub
a,
"H
ard
war
e
implementation
of
an
ad
apt
iv
e
n
etw
ork
-
base
d
fuz
z
y
cont
roller
for
D
C
-
DC
conve
rt
er
s,"
in
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Ind
ustry
Appl
i
catio
ns
,
vol.
41,
no.
6,
pp.
1557
-
156
5,
Nov.
-
Dec
.
2005.
[15]
T.
Gey
er,
G.
Pa
paf
oti
ou
and
M.
Morari
,
"H
ybrid
Model
Predictiv
e
Control
of
the
Step
-
Dow
n
DC
–
DC
Convert
er
,
"
in
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Con
trol Syste
ms
Technology
,
vo
l. 16, no.
6,
pp
.
1112
-
112
4,
Nov.
2008.
[16]
D.
Jovc
ic
and
H
.
Zha
ng
,
"D
ual
Channe
l
Contro
l
W
it
h
DC
Fault
Ride
Through
f
or
MM
C
-
Based,
Isola
te
d
DC/D
C
Convert
er
,
" i
n
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Powe
r
Del
iv
ery
,
vo
l. 32, no
.
3
,
pp
.
1574
-
15
82,
June
2017.
[17]
H.
Behjati,
A.
Davoudi
and
F.
Le
wis,
"M
odula
r
DC
–
DC
Convert
ers
on
Grap
hs:
Cooperative
Control
,
"
in
IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons on Power
E
le
c
troni
cs
,
vol
.
29
,
no
.
1
2,
pp
.
6725
-
674
1,
De
c. 2014.
[18]
D.
Zhu,
L
.
L
iu
a
nd
C.
Li
u,
"O
ptimal
f
racti
ona
l
-
or
der
PID
cont
ro
l
of
cha
os i
n
th
e
fr
ac
t
iona
l
-
ord
er
B
UCK
conve
rte
r
,
"
2014
9th
I
EEE
Confe
renc
e
on
I
ndustrial
Elec
tronic
s and Applica
ti
ons
,
Hang
zhou,
pp.
787
-
791,
20
14
.
[19]
Z.
Wu,
D
.
L
i
an
d
L.
Wa
ng
,
"Co
ntrol
of
the
sup
e
rhe
ated
ste
am
temper
a
ture
:
A
co
mpa
rison
study
bet
wee
n
PID
an
d
fra
ctional
orde
r
PID
cont
roller,
"
2016
35th
Ch
ines
e
Control
Con
f
ere
nce (CCC)
,
C
hengdu,
pp
.
105
21
-
10526,
2016
.
[20]
R.
Gong,
G.
Zh
ang,
J.
Luo
,
Y.
Yang
and
Y.
Tian,
"A
new
d
esi
gn
me
thod
of
fr
ac
t
iona
l
orde
r
P
IλDμ
cont
roller,"
Proce
ed
ings o
f
t
he
29th
Chine
s
e Control
Confe
r
e
nc
e
,
Be
ij
ing
,
pp
.
194
-
198,
2010
.
[21]
H.
R.
Pat
el
and V.
A.
Shah,
"Co
mpa
ra
ti
ve
study
bet
wee
n
Fr
ac
t
io
nal
Order
PID
a
nd
Inte
ger
Order
PID
Control
le
r
: A
ca
se
study
of
c
ouple
d
coni
c
al
ta
nk
sys
te
m
wit
h
actua
tor
fau
l
t
s,"
2019
4th
C
onfe
renc
e
on
C
ontrol
and
Fau
l
t
Tolerant
Syst
ems (Sy
sT
ol)
,
C
asa
bla
nc
a,
Morocc
o
,
pp
.
390
-
396
,
2
019
.
[22]
P.
Varshney
and
S.
K.
Gupt
a,
"Impl
ement
at
ion
of
fra
c
ti
ona
l
Fu
zz
y
PID
con
trol
l
ers
for
con
trol
o
f
fra
c
ti
ona
l
-
orde
r
sys
te
ms,"
2014
I
nte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on
Ad
v
ance
s
in
Compu
ti
ng,
Comm
unications
and
Infor
matic
s
(ICACCI
)
,
New Del
hi
,
pp
.
1322
-
1328,
201
4
.
[23]
P.
K.
Bh
am
r
e
an
d
C.
B.
Kadu,
"
Design
of
a
smi
t
h
pre
di
ct
or
base
d
fra
ct
ion
al
o
rde
r
PID
cont
ro
ll
er
for
a
coupled
ta
n
k
sys
te
m,
"
2016
In
te
rnational
Conf
ere
nce
on
Au
tomati
c
Con
trol
and
Dynamic
Opt
imizati
on
Techn
iqu
es
(ICACDOT
)
,
Pune,
pp
.
705
-
7
08,
2016
.
[24]
S.
Konar,
M.
D.
Pati
l
and
V
.
A.
Vyawaha
re
,
"D
esign
of
a
Frac
t
iona
l
Ord
er
Slid
ing
Mode
Contr
oll
er
fo
r
Depth
Control
of
AU
V,"
2018
Se
cond
I
nte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Int
ellige
nt
Computin
g
and
Con
trol
S
yste
ms
(ICICCS)
,
Madura
i, India,
pp.
1342
-
1345
,
2018
.
[25]
K.
Qian,
H
.
Xi
ong
and
D.
Le
i
,
"D
esign
of
PWM
Rec
t
ifi
e
r
Based
on
Frac
tional
Order
PID
Control
,
"
2017
Inte
rnational
C
onfe
renc
e
on
In
dustrial
Informa
ti
cs
-
Computin
g
Technol
og
y,
I
nte
lligent
Te
chn
ology
,
Industria
l
Information
Int
e
gration
(ICIICII
)
,
Wuh
an, pp. 21
5
-
218,
2017
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
As
ee
m
K:
Recei
ved
his
B.
T
ec
h
degr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
and
E
le
c
tro
nic
s
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
from
Kannur
Univer
sity in
20
07
and
M.
Tech
degr
ee i
n
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms E
ngineeri
ng
fro
m
Univ
ersit
y
of
Calicut
in
2010.
He
joi
n
ed
the
D
epa
rt
m
ent
of
E
lectr
i
cal
and
Elec
troni
cs
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
L
BS
Coll
ege
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Ka
sara
god,
Kera
la
as
As
sistant
Pr
ofe
ss
or
in
2012
.
He
is
cu
rre
nt
ly
pursuing
the
Ph.D.
deg
r
ee
a
t
the
Depa
rtment
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
a
nd
Elec
t
ronic
s
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
A
mri
ta
School
o
f
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
A
mri
ta
Vishw
a
V
idya
pe
et
ha
m,
C
oim
bat
or
e.
His
fi
el
d
of
intere
st
i
ncl
udes
Control
Sys
te
ms,
Hybrid
Ene
rgy
Sys
te
ms
,
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ron
ic
s
and
Pow
er
Q
ual
it
y
.
H
e
is
a
Life
M
em
b
er
of
the
India
n
Soc
iety
for
Te
chn
ical
Edu
ca
t
ion
(IST
E)
and
Membe
r
of
Insti
tut
ion
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
El
e
ct
roni
cs
Eng
i
nee
rs (I
EE
E
)
.
Dr.
S.
Selv
a
Kumar
cu
rre
nt
ly
se
rve
s
as
As
sistant
Profess
or
(SG
)
at
th
e
Dep
art
m
e
nt
of
E
le
c
trica
l
and
El
e
ct
ron
ic
s
Engi
ne
eri
ng
a
t
Amrit
a
School
of
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Amri
ta
Vishw
a
Vidyape
e
tha
m
,
Coim
bat
or
e,
T
a
mi
l
Nadu.
He
jo
ine
d
Amr
it
a
in
t
he
ye
ar
2008
b
e
fore
whi
ch
h
e
w
as
working
as
a
le
c
ture
r
in
VLB
Jana
kiammal
Co
ll
eg
e
of
Eng
inee
ring
a
nd
Te
chno
logy,
Coim
b
at
or
e.
He
ob
tained
his
Bac
h
el
or’s
degr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
and
Elec
tron
ic
s
Engi
n
ee
ring
from
Sr
i
Ra
ma
krishn
a
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Co
ll
eg
e,
Bhar
at
hiy
ar
Univ
ersit
y,
Coim
bat
or
e
in
2001
and
Mast
er’
s
deg
r
ee
in
Proce
ss
Control
and
Instru
me
nt
ation
fro
m
Annam
al
a
i
Univ
ersit
y
,
Chida
mbaram
,
Ta
mil
Nadu
in
2005.
H
e
ob
tain
ed
h
is
Ph.D.
fro
m
Anna
Univ
er
sity,
Chenn
ai
in
th
e
yea
r
2016
.
His
Resea
r
ch
int
er
ests
ar
e
Instrume
nt
ation,
C
ontrol
sys
te
ms,
Proce
ss
Control,
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Ma
chi
nes,
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms Ope
rati
on
and
Con
trol
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.