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I
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[
5
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,
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1745
–
1
7
5
4
1746
Ho
w
e
v
er
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th
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n
v
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in
[
6
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h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
cl
u
d
e
p
ass
iv
e
f
i
lter
s
a
n
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
W
ith
th
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
t
h
e
s
ize
a
n
d
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
u
p
er
atin
g
co
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
wi
l
l
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
to
u
s
e
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
(
C
HB
)
co
n
v
er
ter
as
a
r
ec
u
p
er
ati
v
e
co
n
v
er
ter
i
n
T
SS
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
i
s
C
HB
w
i
ll
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
v
esti
g
ated
u
s
in
g
t
w
o
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
cl
u
d
e
P
h
ase
-
Sh
i
f
ted
a
n
d
P
h
ase
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
.
+
_
V
o
G
r
i
d
33
kV
50
H
z
T
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
S
u
p
p
l
y
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
T
S
S
)
L
R
T
750
V
Y
12
-
p
u
l
s
e
Z
i
g
z
a
g
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
T
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
R
ec
t
i
f
i
er
12
-
p
u
l
s
e
C
H
B
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
+
_
V
o
G
r
i
d
33
kV
50
H
z
T
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
S
u
p
p
l
y
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
T
S
S
)
L
R
T
750
V
Y
12
-
p
u
l
s
e
Z
i
g
z
a
g
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
T
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
R
ec
t
i
f
i
er
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
T
r
ac
tio
n
Su
p
p
l
y
S
u
b
s
tatio
n
[
1
]
,
(
b
)
Pro
p
o
s
ed
C
ascad
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
(
C
HB
)
co
n
v
er
ter
ac
ts
as r
ec
u
p
er
ativ
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l T
r
a
ctio
n
Su
p
p
l
y
S
u
b
s
tatio
n
(
T
SS
)
2.
CASCAD
E
D
H
-
B
RID
G
E
C
O
NVER
T
E
R
C
ascad
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
(
C
HB
)
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
i
n
m
ed
iu
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
e
H
VDC
[
6
]
,
ST
A
T
C
OM
[
7
]
,
r
ailw
a
y
[
8
]
,
an
d
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
.
C
HB
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
ic
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
th
er
th
a
n
Ne
u
tr
al
P
o
in
t
C
lai
m
ed
(
NP
C
)
an
d
Fl
y
i
n
g
C
ap
ac
ito
r
(
FC
)
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
0
]
.
I
t
is
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
th
at
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
h
as
r
ea
ch
ed
s
ev
en
tee
n
-
v
o
lta
g
e
-
le
v
el
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et.
B
esid
es,
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
es
less
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
s
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
co
m
p
ar
e
to
NP
C
an
d
FC
[
1
1
]
.
2
.
1
.
O
pera
t
io
na
l P
rincipa
l
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
cir
c
u
it
o
f
a
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
A
s
er
ies
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
lls
(
HC
)
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
tair
ca
s
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
at
AC
ter
m
i
n
als.
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
s
ar
e
th
e
k
e
y
m
o
d
u
les
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
is
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
to
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
itc
h
es
(
S1
,
S1
’
,
S2
an
d
S2
’
)
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
th
e
n
co
u
p
led
to
a
f
lo
a
tin
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
in
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
)
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
e
v
en
t
f
o
r
S1
an
d
S1
’
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
to
e
ac
h
o
th
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
c)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
a
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
C
ell.
W
it
h
p
r
o
p
er
co
n
tr
o
lled
o
f
t
h
ese
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es,
a
u
n
it
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
w
i
ll
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
t
h
r
ee
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
els
(
+
V
c
,
0
,
V
c
)
at
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
ter
m
i
n
al,
v
HC
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
C
HB
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
u
p
all
th
e
v
HC
v
al
u
e
i
n
o
n
e
p
h
ase
le
g
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
N
i
HC
pn
pi
v
V
1
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
p
r
ep
r
esen
ts
p
h
ase
-
a
,
p
h
ase
-
b
o
r
p
h
ase
-
c
;
an
d
N
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
l
ls
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
in
o
n
e
p
h
ase
leg
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
alan
ce
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es,
C
HB
m
u
s
t
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
q
u
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
lls
f
o
r
all
p
h
ase
le
g
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els,
m
,
ca
n
b
e
esti
m
a
ted
w
i
t
h
(
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Mit
ig
a
tio
n
in
Tr
a
ctio
n
S
u
p
p
ly
S
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
Usi
n
g
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
C
o
n
ve
r
ter (
A
.
A
w
a
llu
d
in
)
1747
1
2
N
m
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
N
is
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
lls
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
o
n
e
p
h
ase
le
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
C
H
B
co
n
v
er
ter
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
a
v
a
ilab
ilit
y
a
n
d
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
to
r
ea
ch
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
u
s
i
n
g
lo
w
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
s
.
B
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
lls
,
t
h
e
T
o
tal
Har
m
o
n
ic
s
Di
s
to
r
tio
n
(
THD
)
o
f
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
es
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ce
d
[
1
1
]
.
B
esid
es,
s
o
m
e
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
s
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
r
elia
b
ilit
y
[
9
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
C
HB
o
f
f
e
r
s
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
b
y
h
ir
in
g
m
o
r
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
l
ls
,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
it
s
p
o
w
er
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
all
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
e
v
e
n
-
lev
el
C
HB
is
f
ir
s
t
s
e
lecte
d
f
o
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
r
ee
u
n
i
ts
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
lls
w
ill
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
p
er
p
h
ase
leg
(
N
=
3
)
.
HC
aN
HC
bN
HC
c
2
HC
c
1
HC
cN
n
a
b
c
HC
b
2
HC
b
1
HC
a
2
HC
a
1
+
_
1
a
HC
v
+
_
2
a
HC
v
+
_
an
HC
v
C
S
2
S
2
'
S
1
S
1
'
H
-
br
i
dg
e
C
e
l
l
(
HC
)
+
_
v
c
HC
v
+
_
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
o
w
er
cir
cu
it o
f
(
a)
C
ascad
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
(
b
)
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
C
ell,
(
c)
S
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
v
er
s
u
s
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el,
v
HC
2
.
2
.
M
o
du
la
t
io
n T
ec
hn
iq
ues
S
y
m
m
etr
ic
C
ascad
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
Sp
ac
e
Ve
cto
r
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
S
VM
)
[
1
2
]
,
Selecti
v
e
Har
m
o
n
ic
E
li
m
i
n
at
io
n
(
SHE)
[
7
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
Selectiv
e
Har
m
o
n
ic
Miti
g
atio
n
(
SHM)
[
1
4
]
,
an
d
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Am
o
n
g
al
l,
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
i
m
p
ler
to
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ated
[
1
7
]
.
A
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
(
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
n
al)
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
s
er
ies o
f
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
av
e
s
t
o
g
en
er
ate
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
g
at
in
g
s
i
g
n
als.
SP
W
M
m
e
th
o
d
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
P
h
ase
-
S
h
i
f
ted
P
W
M,
P
h
ase
-
Dis
p
o
s
iti
o
n
P
W
M,
P
h
ase
Op
p
o
s
itio
n
PW
M,
an
d
A
lter
n
at
e
P
h
ase
Op
p
o
s
itio
n
P
W
M
[
1
8
]
.
2
.
3
.
P
ha
s
e
-
Sh
if
t
ed
P
uls
e
Width
M
o
du
la
t
io
n
(PS
-
P
W
M
)
P
h
ase
-
Sh
i
f
t
P
W
M
(
P
S
-
P
W
M)
m
et
h
o
d
h
ad
b
ee
n
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
ap
p
lied
to
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
es
N
p
air
s
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
(
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
an
d
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
)
to
co
n
tr
o
l
N
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
c
ells
p
er
p
h
ase
leg
.
T
h
ese
tr
ian
g
u
la
r
w
av
e
s
ar
e
s
et
to
s
a
m
e
a
m
p
l
it
u
d
e
an
d
id
en
tical
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
i
n
k
Hz
r
a
n
g
e)
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
e
x
es,
a
m
an
d
f
m
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1
_
ˆ
ˆ
PS
t
r
i
s
i
n
e
a
V
V
m
(
3
)
s
i
n
e
t
r
i
f
f
f
m
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
P
S
-
P
W
M
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
a
s
ev
e
n
-
le
v
el
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
in
p
h
ase
-
a
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
r
ee
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
w
a
v
es,
n
a
m
el
y
1
_
PS
t
r
i
v
to
3
_
PS
t
r
i
v
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
s
eq
u
en
ce
w
it
h
a
p
h
ase
d
ela
y
an
g
le
,
,
o
f
6
0
ap
ar
t f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
d
elay
a
n
g
le,
,
is
b
asicall
y
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
:
N
1
8
0
(
5
)
S1
S2
v
HC
(V)
ON
O
F
F
+V
c
O
F
F
O
F
F
0
ON
ON
0
O
F
F
ON
V
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1745
–
1
7
5
4
1748
B
y
as
s
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e,
V
c
,
v
alu
e
is
co
n
s
tan
tl
y
f
i
x
ed
i
n
al
l
t
h
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
c
ells
,
a
p
ai
r
o
f
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
a
v
e,
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
an
d
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
is
u
s
e
d
to
co
n
tr
o
l
HC
pi
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
ii.
–
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
iv
.
,
th
e
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
w
a
v
e
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
in
v
er
s
el
y
d
u
p
licati
n
g
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
S1
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
w
it
h
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
W
h
e
r
ea
s
,
S2
i
s
tr
i
g
g
er
ed
o
n
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
air
in
g
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
w
a
v
e,
i
PS
t
r
i
v
_
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e.
S1
o
f
HC
pi
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
ON
w
h
en
i
p
PS
t
r
i
s
i
ne
v
v
_
(
6
)
S2
o
f
HC
pi
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
ON
w
h
en
i
p
PS
t
r
i
s
i
ne
v
v
_
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
p
r
ep
r
esen
ts
p
h
ase
-
a
,
p
h
ase
-
b
o
r
p
h
ase
-
c
; a
n
d
i
iter
ates f
r
o
m
1
,
2
,
…,
N
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
,
ai
HC
v
o
f
ea
ch
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
is
tr
i
g
g
er
ed
b
etw
ee
n
+1
p
.
u
.
an
d
1
p
.
u
.
,
w
h
ic
h
is
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
+
V
c
an
d
V
c
.
B
y
ad
d
in
g
u
p
1
a
HC
v
,
2
a
HC
v
an
d
3
a
HC
v
,
a
s
ev
en
-
le
v
el
p
h
a
s
e
-
a
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
v
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
as
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
tep
p
in
g
u
p
f
r
o
m
3
V
c
s
lo
w
l
y
to
r
ea
ch
+3
V
c
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
la
tio
n
in
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
e
m
p
lo
y
s
t
h
r
ee
u
n
it
s
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll,
(
a)
P
h
ase
-
Sh
i
f
ted
P
W
M
[
1
5
]
,
(
b
)
P
h
ase
-
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
P
W
M
2
.
4
.
P
ha
s
e
-
Dis
po
s
it
io
n P
uls
e
Wi
d
t
h M
o
du
la
t
io
n (
P
D
-
P
W
M
)
:
I
n
P
h
ase
-
Di
s
p
o
s
itio
n
P
W
M
(
P
D
-
P
W
M)
,
N
-
p
air
s
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
w
a
v
e
(
i
PD
tri
v
_
an
d
)
(
_
i
N
PD
t
r
i
v
)
ar
e
also
d
e
m
a
n
d
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
N
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
in
a
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
i.
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
P
D
-
P
W
M
m
eth
o
d
w
i
th
t
h
r
ee
d
o
m
in
an
t
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
av
e
s
n
a
m
el
y
1
_
PD
tri
v
to
3
_
PD
t
r
i
v
.
T
h
ese
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
a
v
es
ar
e
s
et
w
it
h
s
a
m
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
r
atio
o
f
ea
ch
ca
r
r
ie
r
w
a
v
e,
i
PD
t
r
i
V
_
ˆ
,
is
eq
u
all
y
d
i
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
s
as d
esc
r
ib
ed
in
(
8
)
.
N
V
i
PD
t
r
i
1
ˆ
_
(
8
)
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
P
S
-
P
W
M
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
1
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
2
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
3
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-2
0
2
v
a
n
[
p
u
]
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
P
D
-
P
W
M
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
1
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
2
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-1
0
1
v
H
C
a
3
[
p
u
]
0
.
0
7
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
9
5
0
.
1
-2
0
2
v
a
n
[
p
u
]
t
i
m
e
(
s
)
iv
.
iii.
i.
i
i.
v
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Mit
ig
a
tio
n
in
Tr
a
ctio
n
S
u
p
p
ly
S
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
Usi
n
g
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
C
o
n
ve
r
ter (
A
.
A
w
a
llu
d
in
)
1749
T
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
a
v
es,
i
PD
tri
v
_
ar
e
s
tack
ed
u
p
u
s
i
n
g
(
9
)
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
p
air
i
n
g
tr
ian
g
u
l
ar
w
a
v
e,
)
(
_
i
N
PD
t
r
i
v
,
is
s
h
i
f
ted
v
er
ticall
y
d
o
w
n
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
0
)
.
1
1
_
_
_
ˆ
1
PD
t
r
i
PD
t
r
i
PD
t
r
i
V
i
v
v
i
(
9
)
1
1
)
(
_
_
_
ˆ
PD
t
ri
PD
t
ri
PD
t
ri
V
i
v
v
i
N
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
am
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
,
a
m
,
m
u
s
t
s
et
to
less
th
a
n
1
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
is
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
al
w
a
y
s
o
p
er
ates in
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
N
i
PD
t
r
i
s
i
n
e
a
i
V
V
m
1
_
ˆ
]
p
.
u.
[
ˆ
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
i
n
d
ex
,
f
m
,
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
.
B
y
a
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
ea
c
h
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
al
w
a
y
s
m
ain
tain
s
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
V
c
v
al
u
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
w
il
l
s
i
m
p
lify
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
b
y
n
o
m
in
a
tin
g
i
PD
tri
v
_
an
d
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ce
d
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Fig
u
r
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3
(
b
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v
.
)
.
3.
SI
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AT
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s
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T
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la
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2
.
2
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ar
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1
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Si
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del
Fig
u
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4
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ak
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r
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n
[
1
]
.
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n
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e
y
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d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
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h
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g
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ase
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ig
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r
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4
(
b
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f
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n
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
Si
m
u
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n
m
o
d
el:
(
a)
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-
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o
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ter
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e
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c)
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D
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T
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1
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n
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ly
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g
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I
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latio
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tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
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W
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p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
b
etter
q
u
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y
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cu
r
r
en
t
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
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iii.
d
ep
ict
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
l
in
e
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to
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lin
e
v
o
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g
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w
av
e
f
o
r
m
,
v
ab
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
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u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
o
r
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o
th
v
o
ltag
e
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o
r
m
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ar
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ted
as
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V,
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ic
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i
s
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ier
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an
s
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e
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ate
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a
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ea
k
v
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e
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2
0
0
V.
On
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h
e
o
th
er
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a
n
d
,
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m
eth
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o
lt
ag
e
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a
v
ef
o
r
m
w
it
h
less
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
f
o
r
(
a)
P
S
-
P
W
M,
(
b
)
P
D
-
PW
M.
T
h
e
s
u
b
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p
lo
ts
s
h
o
w
: i.
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h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
w
av
e
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o
r
m
s
,
ii.
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
iii.
lin
e
-
to
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li
n
e
v
o
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g
e,
v
ab
,
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
I
E
E
E
Sta
n
d
ar
d
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
T
o
tal
Har
m
o
n
ic
s
Dis
to
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tio
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(
T
HD)
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o
r
cu
r
r
en
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an
d
v
o
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ar
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o
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ed
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o
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b
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o
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in
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o
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n
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ter
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Fig
u
r
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8
p
r
esen
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n
d
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ic
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ea
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r
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in
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v
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s
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n
t
n
u
m
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b
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ase
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ep
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eq
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ir
e
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e
n
ts
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in
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E
E
Stan
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ar
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.
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h
e
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ar
m
o
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ic
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n
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ie
v
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s
7
.
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6
%
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h
e
n
t
h
e
C
HB
is
s
i
m
u
lat
ed
w
it
h
P
D
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P
W
M
m
eth
o
d
w
i
t
h
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g
h
t
u
n
it
s
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
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ce
lls
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n
te
g
r
ated
i
n
ea
ch
p
h
a
s
e
le
g
.
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lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
T
HD
i
is
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p
o
n
e
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ci
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g
,
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D
-
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M
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o
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u
ce
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a
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y
g
r
ea
ter
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a
r
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
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co
m
p
ar
e
to
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S
-
P
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
.
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ce
,
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e
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n
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er
ter
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m
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i
tab
le
to
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e
m
o
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la
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g
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W
M
tech
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e
a
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o
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f
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r
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s
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ar
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ic
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r
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i
r
e
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e
n
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o
r
e
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b
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I
t
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r
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at
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e
n
t
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ter
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cted
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u
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atin
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ter
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tu
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e
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tio
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s
u
p
p
ly
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
HB
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
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e
ce
ll
:
(
a)
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ase
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r
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en
t
h
ar
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o
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ics co
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ar
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w
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W
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d
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r
id
g
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lls
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as
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cted
.
I
t
is
esti
m
at
ed
th
at,
a
t
w
en
t
y
-
o
n
e
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le
v
el
o
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HB
w
it
h
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h
ase
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Sh
i
f
ted
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l
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e
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id
t
h
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n
(
P
S
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W
M)
m
et
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o
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m
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y
k
ee
p
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
d
is
to
r
tio
n
clo
s
e
to
8
%
(
I
E
E
E
Stan
d
ar
d
)
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ar
e
p
leased
to
e
x
p
r
ess
t
h
eir
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
to
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
HE
)
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
F
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
Gr
an
t S
ch
e
m
e
(
F
R
G
S)
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
Ra
jara
tn
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
la
n
o
f
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
-
T
ra
c
ti
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
b
-
S
tatio
n
(T
P
S
S
)
Ov
e
ra
l
l
S
y
ste
m
De
sc
rip
ti
o
n
,
”
Ko
n
so
rti
u
m CM
C
-
COLA
S
-
UNIW
AY
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
V
.
G
e
l
m
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
wa
y
sid
e
sto
ra
g
e
a
n
d
Re
v
e
rsi
b
le
T
h
y
risto
r
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Re
c
ti
f
i
e
rs
(R
T
C
R)
f
o
r
h
e
a
v
y
ra
il
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
T
h
e
2
0
1
3
J
o
i
n
t
R
a
il
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
10
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
R.
V
ial,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
u
latin
g
c
a
lc
u
latio
n
s
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
n
e
w
HV
DC
su
p
p
ly
p
o
w
e
r
f
o
r
li
g
h
t
r
a
il
s
y
ste
m
,
”
3
6
th
An
n
u
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
,
Gle
n
d
a
le
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
4
-
2
3
6
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
S
.
X
ie,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
n
si
m
u
latio
n
trac
ti
o
n
l
o
a
d
w
it
h
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
v
e
b
ra
k
in
g
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
9
-
1
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
W
.
A
.
G
.
d
e
Ja
g
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
n
it
in
a
trac
ti
o
n
su
b
sta
ti
o
n
,
”
1
6
t
h
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
B.
A
la
m
ri
a
n
d
M
.
Da
rw
ish
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
lo
ss
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
in
H
V
DC
f
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
Brid
g
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
(CHB
-
M
L
I),
”
IEE
E
Po
we
rTec
h
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
W
.
S
o
n
g
a
n
d
A
.
Q.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“
F
a
u
lt
-
to
lera
n
t
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
b
rid
g
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
S
T
AT
C
OM,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
I
n
d
s.
El
e
c
t.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
0
-
2
7
0
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
J.
Dix
o
n
a
n
d
L
.
M
o
ra
n
,
“
A
c
le
a
n
f
o
u
r
-
q
u
a
d
ra
n
t
sin
u
so
i
d
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
re
c
ti
f
i
e
r
u
sin
g
m
u
lt
istag
e
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
rs
f
o
r
su
b
w
a
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
52
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
6
5
3
-
6
6
1
,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
M
.
M
a
li
n
o
w
sk
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
t
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
7
-
2
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
S
.
Ko
u
ro
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
In
d
u
strial
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
In
d
.
El
e
c
t.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
2
5
5
3
-
2
5
8
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
B.
C.
V
in
a
y
a
k
a
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
Na
g
e
n
d
ra
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
ff
i
v
e
le
v
e
l
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
Brid
g
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
r
ter
w
it
h
DC/DC
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter,
”
In
t.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
ra
c
h
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
5
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
I.
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
p
li
f
i
e
d
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
21
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
8
4
8
3
-
8
4
9
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
W
.
A
.
Ha
li
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
El
im
in
a
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
Ne
w
to
n
-
ra
p
h
s
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
b
rid
g
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
3
-
1
2
0
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
A
.
M
o
e
in
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
-
p
u
lse
-
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
v
a
riab
le
DC
-
li
n
k
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
in
sin
g
le an
d
t
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
b
ri
d
g
e
in
v
e
rters
,
”
IET
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
7
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
9
2
4
-
9
3
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
M
.
A
n
g
u
lo
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
e
v
e
l
-
sh
if
te
d
P
W
M
f
o
r
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
w
it
h
e
v
e
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ia
li
sts C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
3
-
2
3
7
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
6
]
C.
D.
T
o
w
n
se
n
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
a
se
-
sh
if
ted
c
a
rri
e
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
Bri
d
g
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
t.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
62
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
6
6
8
4
-
6
6
9
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
C.
L
.
T
o
h
a
n
d
L
.
E.
No
ru
m
,
“
V
HD
L
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
c
o
n
tro
l
w
it
h
L
e
v
e
l
-
S
h
if
ted
P
W
M
f
o
r
M
o
d
u
lar
M
u
l
ti
lev
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rter,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
9
4
-
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1745
–
1
7
5
4
1754
[1
8
]
C.
R.
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
v
a
rio
u
s
b
ip
o
lar
P
W
M
stra
teg
ies
o
f
th
re
e
p
h
a
s
e
f
i
v
e
le
v
e
l
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
in
v
e
rter,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
10
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
8
7
8
-
8
9
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
“
IEE
E
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
f
o
r
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic Co
n
tro
l
in
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
IEE
E,
2
0
1
4
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
A
z
r
e
e
n
Aw
a
ll
u
d
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
n
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
(UN
IT
EN),
K
a
jan
g
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
1
8
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
it
h
S
im
e
Da
rb
y
P
la
n
tatio
n
S
d
n
Bh
d
a
s
a
S
k
im
L
a
t
ih
a
n
1
M
a
lay
sia
(S
L
1
M
)
T
ra
in
e
e
u
n
d
e
r
S
trate
rg
y
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
De
p
a
rtme
n
t.
Ch
u
e
n
L
in
g
T
o
h
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
b
o
th
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
S
k
u
d
a
i,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
2
0
0
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
;
a
n
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
No
r
w
e
g
ian
Un
iv
e
rsi
ty
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(NT
NU
),
T
ro
n
d
h
e
im
,
No
rw
a
y
,
in
2
0
1
4
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
n
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
,
Ka
jan
g
,
M
a
lay
s
ia.
He
r
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
f
ield
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
le
g
a
t
e
a
r
ra
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
(P
EL
S
)
M
a
lay
sia
Ch
a
p
ter
.
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