In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
953~
9
6
0
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.115
91/ijpeds.
v10.
i
2.
pp
953-960
953
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
escore
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
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n
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e
x.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Efficiency enha
ncement of
s
olar
PV p
o
wered
m
icro-in
t
egrated
high freque
ncy i
s
olated vehic
le battery
charging converter
Jaw
ah
ar
M
1
,
J
aya
sa
n
k
ar
V
2
, K
a
rt
hik
Kuma
r K
3
,
Ed
wa
r
d
R
ajan
S
4
1
, 3
, 4
Dep
art
m
ent
of E
lect
rical
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
ron
i
cs Engi
neerin
g, Mep
co S
c
h
l
en
k E
nginee
r
i
n
g
Colleg
e,
I
nd
ia
2
So
E
C,
Ve
l T
e
c
h Ran
g
arajan Dr.Sagu
n
t
h
a
l
a
R&D Ins
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Sci
e
n
ce
an
d
T
e
ch
no
lo
gy,
I
nd
ia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Jul 1,
2018
Re
vise
d N
ov
1
9
,
201
8
A
cc
epte
d
F
eb 20,
2
0
1
9
Th
is
P
aper
p
ro
po
ses
a
m
e
th
od
to
i
m
p
rove
t
he
e
ffi
c
i
en
cy
o
f
c
h
arg
ing
the
bat
t
ery
us
ed
i
n
au
to
nom
o
u
s
elect
ric
v
ehicl
e
po
wered
by
f
ol
d
ab
l
e
r
o
o
f
-
mo
un
te
d
sola
r
ph
oto
vo
lta
ic
(
P
V
)
g
e
ne
ra
tion
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
c
o
nv
e
nti
onal
veh
i
cl
e
batt
ery
ch
argi
ng
ap
pl
icat
ion
f
r
o
m
s
o
l
ar
P
V
con
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
bo
ost
con
v
ert
e
r
in
t
he
f
ro
nt
end
f
o
llowed
b
y
a
f
ul
l
bridg
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con
vert
er
w
it
h
d
i
sc
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te
sw
it
ches.
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at
tem
p
t
is
m
ade
on
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
ch
em
e
w
i
th
a
m
i
cro
in
teg
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p
ack
ag
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o
h
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bet
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er
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o
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e
rs
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n
effi
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w
it
h
h
i
g
h
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s
i
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y.
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he
t
otal
s
ystem
is
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n
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oll
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itally
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rp
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zero
vo
ltag
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in
t
he
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ul
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idge
conv
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A
t
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th
a
po
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evel
o
f
300
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0
W
w
as
ta
r
g
eted
and
achiev
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K
eyw
ord
s
:
Di
gi
t
a
l
c
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me
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cro
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-boa
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te
r
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lar
PV sy
stem
s
Z
e
ro
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
T
r
a
n
s
iti
on
(
Z
V
T
)
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Jawahar
M
,
D
epa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Eng
in
e
e
ring
,
Me
pco
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c
hl
e
n
k
En
gi
neer
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g
Col
l
e
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e,
S
i
v
a
k
asi,
Me
pco
En
g
i
ne
erin
g Co
l
l
e
g
e
(P
O)
,
M
e
pco
N
agar
, S
ivakas
i-
62
6 0
05,
India.
Em
ail:
j
a
w
aha
r
.
m
@m
epcoe
ng
.ac
.
in
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
I
n
r
ec
ent
ti
m
e
s
o
f
r
ap
i
d
l
y
g
r
o
wi
ng
p
ower
d
e
m
a
n
d
a
n
d
v
e
r
y
s
lowl
y
im
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ro
vin
g
s
up
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l
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ty,
there
a
r
e
m
o
re
c
hance
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
ou
t
a
ge
p
rese
ntly
a
n
d
z
er
o
e
n
erg
y
pro
duc
t
i
o
n
f
rom
fossil
fue
l
s
in
f
ut
ure
.
A
l
s
o
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
t
e
a
r
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a
s
a
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c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
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g
r
i
d
a
n
d
the
y
do
n
o
t
ha
ve
pow
er
s
up
p
ly.
T
hese
ar
eas
ca
n
g
e
nera
t
e
pow
e
r
on
the
i
r
ow
n
us
in
g
r
en
ew
a
bl
e
res
ourc
es
suc
h
as
s
olar
P
V
ener
gy
system
s.
T
his
solar
P
V
,
if
m
ou
n
t
ed
o
n
veh
i
c
l
es
i
t
c
a
n
p
ro
duce
its
e
ne
rgy
ind
i
gen
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
de
d
s
t
ora
g
e
s
y
ste
m
s
ena
b
l
e
its
u
sa
ge
at
tim
es
o
f
de
m
a
nd.
T
he
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
o
f
t
he
s
ola
r
P
V
energy
s
y
s
te
m
ex
cl
usi
v
e
l
y
d
e
pen
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
PV
p
an
el
s,
conver
t
e
rs and the
M
axi
m
um
P
ower
P
oint Tracking sys
t
em. The ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
a
s
i
n
gl
e
P
V
c
el
l
i
s
v
e
r
y
l
o
w
[
2
]
.
The
e
f
fic
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c
y
o
f
hard
s
w
itc
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n
g
c
o
nver
ter
s
is
l
ow
.
S
o
t
he
y
ca
n
b
e
repl
ac
e
d
by
th
e
s
oft
s
wit
c
hi
ng
con
v
er
t
e
rs
tha
t
have
v
e
r
y
l
e
s
s
los
se
s
a
n
d
h
i
gh
e
f
fic
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n
c
y
.
U
s
e
of
g
oo
d
a
nd
e
f
fic
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t
M
P
P
T
a
l
gori
thm
a
l
s
o
impro
v
e
s
t
he
s
ys
tem
effic
i
e
n
cy
[
1].
I
t
i
s
pos
sib
l
e
t
o
ac
h
i
e
ve
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
f
f
i
c
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n
c
y
w
i
t
h
a
s
i
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l
e
s
t
a
g
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con
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er
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.
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et,
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s
tag
e
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on
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s
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m
p
lem
ente
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hem
e
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n
orde
r
t
o
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vi
de
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he
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s
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i
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betw
ee
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s
ource
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d
t
he
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ence
,
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gal
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ic
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of
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ig
h
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eq
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or
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e
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v
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t
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m
e
is
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o
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u
s
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g
an
a
l
o
g
b
ase
d
c
ontr
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l
sys
t
e
m
s.
T
he
p
resen
t
s
ce
na
ri
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in
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C-D
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C
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ter
s
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s
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o
s
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t
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t
h
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q
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n
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range
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z,
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a
s
cope
t
o
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ie
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e
h
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g
h
pow
er
dens
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ti
e
s
[
1].
B
oos
t
Co
n
v
er
te
r
is
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nte
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hem
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V
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g
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s
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oost
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t
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h
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t
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t
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D
>
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.
5,
it
pr
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he
d
es
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o
l
t
a
ge,
tar
g
et
ed
f
or
the
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
[3].
F
ul
l
bri
dge
c
o
nver
t
er
i
s
used
as
a
se
c
o
n
d
s
t
age
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
from
D
C
to
A
C
w
i
th
a
f
i
x
ed
du
ty
r
a
ti
o
o
f
0.5,
s
uc
h
t
h
at
i
t
c
onve
rt
s
t
h
e
D
C
to
A
C
w
it
h
m
i
ni
m
i
zed
l
osses
thr
o
ugh
Z
VT
s
chem
e
implem
e
n
te
d
i
n
P
ha
se S
hifte
d
F
BC
ope
rat
i
on m
ode
s [4].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
9
5
3
–
9
60
95
4
H
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
tr
a
nsf
o
r
m
er
w
hic
h
is
use
d
f
or
g
a
lva
n
ic
iso
lat
i
o
n
is p
r
o
v
id
e
d
w
i
th
h
ig
h
er
tur
ns
on the
se
co
ndar
y
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
m
iti
g
ate
the
c
o
n
sid
e
r
able
lo
sses
t
hat
occ
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r
s
duri
n
g
swi
t
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h
i
ng
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t
h
e
f
ull
bri
d
g
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
th
o
u
gh
ZV
T
schem
e
is
implem
en
t
ed
[
5
]
.
T
he
a
n
alo
g
I
C
u
se
d
h
e
r
e
f
or
co
n
tr
ol
lin
g
the
P
W
M
pu
lses
to
the
MO
S
F
E
T's
ins
ide
t
he
p
ac
k
a
ge
i
s
U
C
3
5
2
6
[
6]
f
or
b
oo
st
o
per
a
tio
n a
n
d U
C
3
8
72
[
6]
f
or
P
S
F
BC
w
ith
Z
V
T
sc
h
e
m
e
o
per
at
ion.
T
he
e
le
ctr
i
c
ve
h
i
c
l
e
use
d
f
or
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s
tud
y
u
ses
72
V
l
ead
aci
d
ac
cu
mul
a
to
rs
w
h
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ch
c
on
si
st
of
12V
ba
tter
y
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h
c
onne
c
t
e
d
i
n
ser
i
es
of
6
n
u
m
be
r
s
t
o
pow
e
r
t
he
veh
icle
d
u
r
i
ng
a
cce
ler
a
tio
n
[
1
]
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
B
l
oc
k
dia
gr
am
of
pr
op
osed
s
c
hem
e
2.
FOLDA
B
LE
S
OLAR PV ENE
R
G
Y
S
Y
STE
MS
S
o
l
a
r
P
V
e
ner
gy
s
y
s
tem
s
a
r
e
used
t
o
co
n
v
e
r
t
the
tr
a
p
p
e
d
sola
r
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
.
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V
c
e
l
l
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
laye
r
s
u
nde
r
g
o
a
pr
oce
ss
o
f
add
i
tio
n
of
impur
i
t
ies,
u
sua
l
l
y
c
a
l
led
d
o
p
i
n
g
to
m
ater
i
a
liz
e
a
P-
N
ju
nc
ti
on.
A
ve
ry
t
hin
gr
id
(
me
t
a
llic)
is
p
l
ante
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
o
p
of
the
P
V
c
e
ll
whi
c
h
f
ace
s
t
h
e
su
n
.
A
s
th
e
l
i
ght
i
s
in
ci
d
e
n
t
on
the
s
u
rfa
ce
o
f
the
ce
ll,
cha
r
g
e
car
riers
a
r
e
gene
rate
d,
w
hic
h
o
r
ig
ina
t
e
s
an
elec
t
r
i
c
c
u
r
r
ent
whe
n
t
he
ce
ll
be
com
e
s
a
par
t
o
f
a
l
oo
p
or
i
s
c
on
nec
t
e
d
t
o
a
loa
d
[
2]
.
A
s
t
he
e
n
er
g
y
of
t
he
inc
ide
n
t
p
hot
o
n
b
e
c
o
m
es
suf
f
i
c
ie
n
t
t
o
b
r
e
ak
the
c
ova
l
ent
b
o
n
d
a
n
d
d
eta
c
h
the
e
le
ctr
o
ns
of
t
he
s
e
m
ic
ond
uc
t
o
r
,
c
har
g
e
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
ar
e
ge
ner
a
t
e
d.
P
h
o
to
ns
t
ha
t
ha
ve
low
er
e
ner
g
ie
s
tha
n
t
he
e
ner
g
y
ga
p
o
f
P
V
c
el
l
a
r
e
no
t
of
a
ny
u
se
a
nd
t
h
e
y
h
e
lp
ge
ner
a
t
i
n
g
no
vo
lta
ge.
Whe
r
ea
s
P
ho
t
ons
t
h
a
t
have
e
ne
r
gy
sur
pa
s
s
ing
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
c
an
p
rod
u
c
e
el
ect
ri
ci
ty
,
b
ut
t
h
e
en
ergy
a
sso
ci
a
t
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
b
and
g
a
p
i
s
onl
y
made
u
se
of
.
The
re
ma
i
n
i
n
g
ene
r
g
y
w
ill
be
d
i
s
si
pate
d
i
n
th
e
fo
rm o
f h
e
at.
The
sin
g
le
d
io
de
m
ode
l
of
a
P
V
cell
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
2
.
I
t
in
c
l
ude
s
a
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
our
ce,
a
dio
de
,
i
n
pa
ral
l
el
c
o
nne
cted
t
o
t
h
e
c
u
rre
n
t
s
o
u
rc
e
whic
h
repr
esen
t
s
t
he
p
h
o
t
ocur
r
e
nt
,
a
se
r
ies
r
e
s
i
s
tanc
e
Rse
a
nd
a
pa
ral
l
el r
esista
nce
R
s
h.
Figure
2.
Equ
iva
l
e
n
t circ
u
i
t
o
f
P
V c
e
ll
(
1
)
1
(
2
)
Where,
I
=
O
ut
p
ut
cur
r
ent
o
f
P
V
pane
l
(
A
)
IP
V
=
C
u
r
re
n
t
g
en
erat
e
d
by
t
h
e PV ce
l
l
(A
)
I
d
=
C
ur
r
e
nt
t
hr
o
ug
h
d
i
o
de
(
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c &
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Effic
ie
nc
y
enh
ance
m
e
n
t o
f
so
la
r PV po
were
d m
i
cro-i
n
teg
r
ate
d
h
i
g
h
fre
q
u
enc
y
i
s
ol
a
t
e
d
… (
Jaw
ahar
M
)
95
5
Ish
=
Cu
rren
t
th
r
ou
gh
shu
nt
res
i
s
t
o
r (A)
R
s
e
= S
e
rie
s
R
esist
a
nc
e
(R
)
Q
= C
h
ar
ge o
f th
e e
l
ectro
n
(1.6
x
10-
19
C)
K
= B
o
lt
z
m
a
n
n c
o
ns
ta
n
t
(
1.381
x
10-
23J
/
K
)
T
= Ju
nc
ti
o
n
tem
per
a
t
u
re
(
K)
N
=
Di
od
e id
e
a
l
i
ty
f
ac
to
r (1
~2
)
Th
e
po
wer
o
f
t
h
e
PV cel
l
i
s
P =
VI
(
3
)
Whe
r
e,
V
=
Ou
t
pu
t
vol
t
a
g
e
o
f th
e
P
V p
an
e
l
I
=
O
ut
p
u
t
curr
ent o
f
t
he P
V pa
nel
Ta
ble
1.
R
e
q
uir
em
ent spec
i
fic
ati
o
n
of
t
h
e P
V
pa
n
el
Pa
r
am
e
t
e
rs
V
al
ue
s
`R
s
0
.
62
Ω
I
sc
6.
98
A
R
sh
250.
5
7
Ω
V
oc
49.
87
V
N
1.
3
Tab
l
e
1
show
s
the
para
me
ter
s
f
or
t
he
S
ol
a
r
P
V
pane
l
.
F
rom
t
h
e
s
pec
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
t
he
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
opera
tio
n
has
been
d
o
n
e.
T
he
p
ow
er
r
a
t
i
n
g
and
t
h
e
ma
xi
m
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
so
l
a
r
PV
pa
n
el
has
s
ho
wn
i
n
t
he
Tab
le
2.
U
si
ng
the
P
V
c
el
l
p
ow
er
(
3),
the
ra
tin
g
of
t
he
m
odule
is
p
ro
po
se
d.
Ta
b
l
e
2
d
em
on
s
t
ra
t
e
s
the
MP
P
T
rati
ng
of
t
he
P
V
pa
nel.
H
e
r
e,
f
or
t
r
ack
in
g
m
axim
u
m
po
w
e
r
fr
om
t
he
P
V
pa
nel,
t
he
p
e
r
tur
b
a
nd
o
b
se
rve
me
tho
d
i
s imp
l
em
ente
d
.
Tab
le 2.
MP
P
T r
atin
gs
o
f t
h
e
P
V
pane
l
Pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
rs
V
alue
s
P
ma
x
372W
I
mp
p
6.
55A
V
mpp
41.
58V
3.
P
R
O
P
OS
ED
P
O
W
ER
C
I
R
C
U
I
T
D
E
S
I
G
N
3.1.
Prop
ose
d
S
ola
r
P
V
Based
micr
o-
in
te
grate
d
con
ve
rte
r
Clos
i
ng
t
h
e
s
w
i
tc
h
w
hi
c
h
is
usua
l
ly
a
n
e
le
ctr
o
n
ic
de
v
ic
e
(MO
S
F
E
T)
tha
t
o
p
er
ate
s
i
n
t
w
o
sta
te
s
:
Whe
n
t
he
s
w
i
tc
h
i
s
O
N
for
a
tim
e
d
u
rat
i
on
D
T
(
D
is
t
he
d
uty
ra
t
i
o
),
t
he
s
w
itc
h
c
o
n
d
u
ct
s
the
ind
u
c
t
or
c
urrent
and
t
h
e
d
i
o
d
e
bec
o
me
s
re
v
e
rse
bi
a
s
ed.
Th
i
s
r
esul
t
s
i
n
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
a
c
r
o
ss
th
e
i
n
du
c
t
o
r
.
Th
e
vi
rtu
e
s
of
lo
ssle
ss
tran
si
t
i
o
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
Z
er
o
V
ol
ta
ge
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
i
que
s
ha
ve
a
lrea
dy
be
e
n
t
r
a
d
iti
ona
l
in
pow
e
r
ma
nage
me
nt
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ara
sitic
c
irc
u
it
elem
e
nt
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
a
dv
a
n
t
a
g
e
ou
sly
to
a
s
s
i
s
t
th
e
resona
nt
t
ran
s
i
t
i
o
ns
a
s
o
p
p
o
s
ed
t
o
b
e
i
n
g
d
i
ssipa
ti
ve
s
nu
b
b
ed.
T
hi
s
re
so
na
n
t
ta
nk
f
unc
tio
ns
t
o
p
os
i
t
i
on
z
e
ro
vo
lta
ge
a
c
r
oss
the
sw
i
tc
h
in
g
de
vice
p
rior
t
o
tur
n
-
on,
e
l
i
m
i
na
ti
ng
a
ny
pow
e
r
loss
du
e
t
o
th
e
s
imul
tane
o
u
s
over
la
p
o
f
sw
i
tch
c
urren
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
e
ac
h
trans
iti
on.
H
ig
h
fre
que
n
c
y
c
o
n
v
erter
s
opera
t
i
n
g
fro
m
hig
h
vo
lta
ge i
n
p
u
t s
ource
s sta
n
d to
g
a
i
n s
i
gn
ific
a
n
t impr
ovem
e
n
t
s i
n
efficie
n
c
y
w
ith t
his
proc
e
d
u
r
e.
Ra
ther
t
h
a
n
dr
i
v
i
ng
bo
t
h
of
the
dia
g
o
nal
f
u
ll
br
id
ge
s
w
i
t
c
hes
t
oge
the
r
,
a
p
u
rp
osef
ul
d
e
l
ay
w
i
ll
be
in
t
r
od
uc
ed
b
e
t
w
ee
n
the
i
r
t
urn
-
on
c
o
mm
ands
w
ith
the
P
ha
s
e
S
hifte
d
app
r
o
a
c
h
.
Th
i
s
d
ela
y
w
ill
b
e
adj
u
s
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
vo
lt
ag
e
loop
of
th
e
c
o
nt
rol
c
i
rcui
t
,
a
n
d
in
e
f
f
ect
r
esul
t
s
a
s
a
phase
s
h
ift be
t
w
e
e
n
the
tw
o
dri
ve
s
ig
na
ls. The
effec
t
i
v
e
dut
y
ra
tio
is
e
x
cl
usi
v
e
ly
t
o
th
is
P
h
ase
S
h
i
f
te
d
te
c
h
n
i
que
[
4]
,
tw
o
of
the
s
w
itc
he
s
i
n
s
eries
w
it
h
the
trans
f
or
me
r
ca
n
be
O
N
,
y
e
t
the
a
ppl
ie
d
v
o
l
ta
g
e
to
t
he
tran
s
for
m
e
r
i
s
ze
ro.
These
a
r
e
not
d
i
a
gona
l
sw
i
t
c
h
es
o
f
the
f
u
ll
b
r
i
d
g
e
co
nver
t
e
r
,
bu
t
e
i
ther
t
h
e
tw
o
u
p
p
er
o
r
t
w
o
lo
w
e
r
sw
itc
he
s.
I
n
t
h
i
s
m
ode
t
he
t
ra
n
s
f
o
rme
r
prima
r
y
is
esse
nt
ia
ll
y
shor
t
c
ir
cui
ted
a
nd
c
l
a
m
pe
d
t
o
the
r
espe
c
tive
in
pu
t
ra
i
l
.
Prim
a
r
y
curre
nt
i
s
m
a
in
t
a
ine
d
at
its
p
re
vi
ou
s
sta
t
e
since
t
h
ere
is
n
o
v
o
lta
ge
ava
ila
b
l
e
f
o
r
r
e
s
et
t
o
ta
ke
p
l
ace
.
This
d
e
a
d
b
a
nd
fills
t
he
v
o
i
d
betw
ee
n
the
re
son
a
n
t
tra
ns
i
t
i
ons
an
d
pow
er
t
r
ans
fer
mode
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
nv
ersi
o
n
c
y
cl
e
.
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
can
b
e
hel
d
in
th
i
s
s
tate
f
or
a
c
erta
in
p
e
r
i
o
d
of
t
ime
w
h
ic
h
corr
espo
n
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
requ
ire
d
o
ff
tim
e
for
t
h
a
t
p
ar
t
i
c
u
la
r
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
c
y
cl
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
9
5
3
–
9
60
95
6
F
igur
e
3.
O
pen
loo
p
a
na
ly
si
s
of
t
he
p
r
o
po
se
d
sys
tem
Table
3
. Desi
g
n
Para
meters
P
a
ra
m
e
te
rs
V
a
l
u
e
s
Inp
ut
Vol
t
a
g
e
44.
6V
O
u
tput
D
C
V
o
lta
g
e
72V
Ra
t
e
d
P
ow
e
r
350W
Sw
i
c
hing
Fre
que
n
cy
5
0kH
z
,
100kH
z
B
oost
Induc
t
o
r
(L
b
)
0.
46m
H
B
oost
C
a
p
a
cit
o
r
(C
b
)
6.
8µF
T
r
a
nsfor
m
a
tion Ra
tio
1
Ind
u
c
tive
f
i
lt
e
r
(L
f
)
1
m
H
Ca
p
a
c
itiv
e
f
i
lt
e
r
(C
f
)
100
µF
Ba
tt
e
r
y
12V
,7A
h
F
igur
e
4.
Cl
o
se
d
lo
o
p
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
the
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sys
tem
The
s
e
ar
e
no
t
dia
g
ona
l
sw
i
tc
h
es
o
f
the
f
u
l
l
b
r
i
dge
c
on
ve
r
t
er
,
b
ut
e
i
t
her
t
he
t
w
o
up
p
e
r
or
t
w
o
l
ow
e
r
sw
itc
hes.
I
n
th
is
m
ode
the
tr
a
nsf
o
r
m
e
r
p
r
ima
r
y
i
s
essen
t
ial
ly
s
ho
rt
c
i
r
c
u
it
ed
a
nd
c
l
a
mp
ed
t
o
th
e
resp
e
c
tiv
e
in
p
u
t
ra
il.
P
r
i
m
ar
y
cur
rent
i
s
m
ainta
i
n
ed
a
t
i
t
s
prev
i
ous
s
tate
s
i
n
ce
t
here
i
s
no
vo
l
t
age
avai
lab
l
e
for
r
eset
t
o
take
p
lac
e
.
T
h
i
s
dea
d
ba
nd
f
i
lls
t
he
v
o
i
d
be
tw
e
e
n
the
r
e
s
ona
n
t
tr
ans
i
t
i
o
n
s
an
d
p
ow
e
r
tr
a
nsfer
m
o
des
of
t
he
c
o
n
v
ersi
o
n
c
y
cle.
S
w
it
c
h
es
can
b
e
he
ld
in
th
i
s
s
ta
te
f
or
a
ce
r
t
ai
n
pe
r
i
o
d
o
f
t
ime
w
hic
h
c
or
r
e
sp
o
n
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
qu
ired
o
ff
t
i
m
e
for
t
h
a
t
p
ar
t
i
c
u
la
r switc
hi
ng c
y
c
l
e.
T
h
e
op
en
l
oo
p
s
i
mul
a
t
i
on
anal
ysi
s
of
th
e
pro
po
s
e
d
s
ch
eme
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
and
cl
os
ed
l
oo
p
sim
u
la
ti
on
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
igur
e
4
is
p
e
r
for
m
ed
u
sin
g
the
a
n
a
l
og
I
C
’
s-UC
3
5
2
6
a
nd
UC
38
72
.
B
a
sed
on
the
d
e
s
i
g
n
p
a
r
am
ete
r
in
Tab
l
e
3,
the
c
lose
d
l
o
op
a
n
a
lys
i
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
nte
d
u
si
ng
t
he
a
na
lo
g
I
C
,
w
h
ich
pr
ov
i
d
es
be
tte
r
a
cc
u
r
acy
f
or
t
he
c
on
v
erter
s
che
m
e
i
s
t
o
o
p
e
r
ate
at
d
es
ir
e
d
g
a
t
i
n
g
p
ul
s
e.
T
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
fre
qu
en
cy
50
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ef
fi
c
ie
n
cy
enh
anc
em
e
n
t
o
f
so
l
a
r
PV po
were
d
m
i
c
r
o-
i
n
t
e
g
r
ate
d
h
ig
h
fre
q
u
enc
y is
ol
a
t
e
d
… (
Jawa
har
M
)
95
7
kH
z
is
u
se
d
at
b
o
o
st
s
tag
e
an
d
1
00
kH
z
is
u
se
d
at
p
hase
s
hi
f
ted
c
on
ver
s
i
on
s
t
a
ge
to
i
mpr
o
v
e
t
he
e
ff
ic
ienc
y.
H
e
nce
,
t
he
o
p
e
n
l
o
op
ha
s
g
i
ve
n
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
of
8
3.
52
%
w
he
r
e
a
s
w
ith
c
om
b
i
ne
d
c
l
o
s
e
d
l
o
op
co
nver
t
e
r
tes
t
ing
, th
e
efficien
c
y
h
as
i
mpro
v
e
d
to
87
.
34%.
4.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND
PE
RFORMA
NCE
AN
A
LYS
I
S
4
.
1
.
Need fo
r
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
d
sw
itch
es f
o
r
efficiency
i
mpro
v
e
ments
The
sw
i
tc
h
e
s
,
mode
lle
d
as
p
ac
kage
(
M
icr
ose
m
i
pac
k
a
g
e
–
A
P
TC6
0
H
M
7BT3G
)
h
e
l
ps
to
im
pr
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
n
s
i
t
i
e
s
a
s
t
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
p
e
r
a
r
e
a
l
o
s
s
a
r
e
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
.
T
h
e
pac
k
age
d
s
w
i
tc
he
s
aids
in
the
com
p
a
ct
de
sig
n
o
f
the
pow
er
b
oar
d
s,
h
enc
e
t
he
s
pac
e
r
equ
ir
em
ent
a
nd
t
h
e
rm
al
d
e
s
i
g
n
c
o
nstra
i
n
t
s
ar
e
com
p
ara
tive
l
y
less
tha
n
t
he
co
nve
n
ti
ona
l
desi
gn.
4.
2.
C
l
ose
d
l
o
op
p
e
r
f
orman
c
e
an
a
l
ys
is
of
t
h
e p
r
op
ose
d
s
yst
e
m
I
n
or
de
r
t
o
im
p
r
ove
t
he
a
cc
ur
ac
y
a
nd
m
a
ke
a
dap
t
t
he
s
y
s
te
m
to
d
yn
a
m
i
c
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
ns
on
v
a
r
yi
ng
s
ol
ar
pow
e
r
a
n
d
loa
d
r
e
q
u
i
r
em
en
ts,
t
h
e
cl
ose
d
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
of
the
co
n
v
e
rte
r
i
s
do
n
e
u
si
ng
U
C
352
6[
5]
a
n
d
UC3
8
7
2
[
6]
I
C's
for
th
e
Boos
t
and
PS
FBC
wi
t
h
ZVT
s
ch
e
m
e
implem
en
te
d.
T
he
f
u
nc
t
i
ona
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
he
anal
o
g
I
C
's
i
s
m
ode
le
d
a
s
a
ph
ysi
c
a
l
c
om
p
one
n
t
f
or
s
imula
tio
n.
T
he
C
om
b
i
ne
d
B
o
os
t
and
th
e
P
S
F
B
C
c
on
ver
t
e
r
sim
u
la
ti
on
i
s
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
an
d
F
i
g
ur
e
5.
T
h
is
com
b
ine
d
c
o
nve
r
ter
w
i
l
l
be
r
e
p
la
ce
d
w
it
h
M
i
cr
ose
m
i
pa
ckage
-
AP
TC6
0
H
M
7
B
T
3
G,
i
nste
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
sc
re
t
e
s
witc
hes
in
o
rder
t
o
im
p
r
o
ve
t
he
e
ff
ic
i
e
n
c
y
an
d
p
ow
e
r
de
n
s
it
y
w
h
i
le
r
ealiz
i
n
g
as
the
p
r
o
t
o
ty
pe.
The
simu
la
ti
o
n
i
s
de
ve
l
o
p
ed
i
n
P
O
WER
S
I
M
w
h
ich
is
an
ele
c
tr
o
nic
c
ir
c
u
it
sim
u
la
ti
on
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
ac
k
a
ge.
(a)
(b
)
Fi
g
u
re
5
.
(
a
)
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
(
b
)
O
u
t
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
w
a
v
ef
o
rm
To
e
va
l
u
a
te
the
per
f
or
ma
nc
e
of
the
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sys
tem
,
the
r
esu
lt
s
o
bt
aine
d
fr
om
di
gi
t
a
l
c
on
tr
o
l
sch
e
me
i
s
comp
are
d
w
i
t
h
th
e
an
alo
g
IC
s
ch
eme.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
ri
so
n
o
f
t
h
e
out
put
vo
lta
g
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
cl
ea
rly
r
e
vea
l
s tha
t
f
or
c
lose
d
lo
o
p
a
n
a
ly
si
s us
i
n
g th
e
a
n
al
o
g
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
he
me
g
i
v
e
s
a
m
a
x
i
m
um
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
8
7
.
34%
.
Where
a
s
t
h
e
di
gita
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
hem
e
i
mpr
o
ve
s
t
h
e
e
ffic
i
enc
y
o
f
c
o
nver
s
io
n
by
i
ncr
e
asi
n
g
the
ac
cur
a
c
y
w
hi
c
h
r
e
sults
a
r
o
u
nd
90.
7
8
%
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
a
b
l
e
4
a
nd
T
a
ble
5.
Ta
b
le
4.
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
ance
inv
est
ig
a
tio
n
of
d
i
g
i
t
a
lly
co
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
o
pen
l
oop
pr
op
o
s
ed
s
ys
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
9
5
3
–
9
60
95
8
Inp
u
t
Volta
g
e
(V)
In
p
u
t
Cu
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
Inp
u
t
Pow
e
r
(W)
O
utput
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(V
)
O
u
tput
C
u
rre
nt
(A
)
O
u
tput
Pow
e
r
(W
)
Dut
y
Ra
tio
(D)
E
f
f
i
ci
en
c
y
(%
)
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
52.
70
5.
76
303.
57
0.
153
78.
56
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
57.
41
5.
41
310.
05
0.
206
80.
21
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
75.
03
4.
72
315.
15
0.
239
81.
52
Ta
b
l
e 5.
P
e
rform
ance
inv
est
i
g
a
tio
n
of d
i
g
i
t
a
lly
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
d
cl
o
s
e
d
loo
p
pr
op
ose
d
s
yst
e
m
Inp
u
t
Volta
g
e
(V)
In
p
u
t
Cu
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
Inp
u
t
Pow
e
r
(W)
O
utput
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(V
)
O
u
tput
C
u
rre
nt
(A
)
O
u
tput
Pow
e
r
(W
)
Dut
y
Ra
tio
(D)
E
f
f
i
ci
en
c
y
(%
)
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
66.
71
5.
11
338.
66
0.
153
87.
16
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
71.
49
4.
77
341.
01
0.
206
88.
21
44.
6
8.
67
386.
6
77.
64
4.
52
350.
95
0.
239
90.
78
Th
e
ZVT
sch
e
me
i
mp
l
e
me
nte
d
i
n
th
e
p
r
opo
s
e
d
ph
a
s
e
shi
f
t
e
d
f
ull
b
r
i
dg
e
co
nver
te
r
is
show
n
in
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
F
r
om
t
he
g
r
a
ph,
I
t
is
ev
ide
n
t
t
ha
t
t
h
e
sc
he
me
h
e
l
ps
i
n
the
m
i
n
i
m
i
za
tio
n
of
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
l
os
s
ha
ppe
ne
d
dur
in
g
t
he
c
on
ver
si
on
pr
oce
s
s
w
i
t
h
a
n
i
m
p
r
ove
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
cy
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
c
onv
e
nti
on
al
s
wi
t
c
h
i
ng
s
t
r
at
egy
.
F
r
om
F
igur
e
7,
t
he
g
al
va
nic
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
ou
t
p
ut
of
t
he
c
onve
r
t
e
r
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
non
-syn
c
h
r
o
ni
zed
r
ec
ti
f
i
e
r
i
s
de
p
i
cted
a
nd
he
nce
it
r
e
veal
s
wi
t
h
m
i
n
imize
d
d
ist
o
r
tio
n
tha
t
a
ide
d
in
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
tion
o
f
the
f
i
lte
r
r
equir
e
me
nts
.
T
he
M
icr
o-
sem
i
p
ac
kage
b
a
s
ed
co
nver
te
r
h
a
r
dw
ar
e
se
t
up
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
he
F
igur
e
8.
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
6.
(
a
)
Z
V
T
on
a
nd
o
f
f
c
har
a
c
ter
i
s
i
t
i
c
s
(
b)
L
eft
and
r
i
gh
t
l
e
g trans
i
s
i
t
o
n
in
PSFBC
F
i
gur
e
7.
O
ut
p
ut
v
olta
ge
o
f
the
tr
a
nsf
or
m
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
tif
ie
r
of
t
h
e
p
r
op
o
s
e
d
sch
eme
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ef
fi
c
ie
n
cy
enh
anc
em
e
n
t
o
f
so
l
a
r
PV po
were
d
m
i
c
r
o-
i
n
t
e
g
r
ate
d
h
ig
h
fre
q
u
enc
y is
ol
a
t
e
d
… (
Jawa
har
M
)
95
9
F
i
gur
e
8.
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
se
tup
of
t
he
di
g
it
a
l
l
y
c
o
ntr
ol
l
e
d
pr
op
os
ed
s
yste
m
5.
CONCLUSION
In
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r,
a
P
V
i
n
t
e
rfa
c
e
b
a
s
ed
m
i
c
ro
i
nt
eg
rat
e
d
p
ack
ag
ed
c
on
ve
rt
er
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
fo
r
e
l
ect
ri
c
v
e
hi
cle
ba
tte
r
y
char
g
i
n
g
ha
s
bee
n
p
r
opose
d
.
U
t
il
iz
in
g
the
mic
r
o
in
te
gr
a
t
ed
p
a
ck
ag
e
,
in
s
t
e
ad
th
e
d
isc
r
et
e
swi
t
ch
es,
ai
ds
in
th
e
i
m
pro
v
e
me
nt
o
f
th
e
e
f
fi
c
i
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e
sol
a
r
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
v
ersi
on
f
or
e
l
e
ct
ri
c
v
ehi
cl
e
b
att
e
r
y
c
h
arg
ing
,
he
nce
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
ens
ity
c
an
b
e
im
prov
ed
b
y
o
p
er
at
ing
t
h
e
c
o
nv
e
r
ter
i
n
hi
g
h
fr
e
que
nc
y.
W
ith
f
ur
t
he
r
im
pr
o
vem
ent
s
i
n
pr
ov
i
din
g
the
e
ffe
c
t
ive
MP
P
T
f
or
s
o
l
ar
c
on
ve
r
s
i
on
s
and
d
i
git
i
z
ed
c
on
t
r
o
l
s
che
m
e
fo
r
th
e
pr
opose
d
m
od
el
w
ou
l
d
r
ea
p
a
fur
the
r
mor
e
incr
e
a
s
e
i
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
cy
.
N
e
gle
cti
ng
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
si
r
ab
le
losses
in
t
h
e
c
on
ver
ter
i
s
a
k
e
y
s
olu
t
i
o
n
fo
r
the
e
n
ha
nce
m
ent
of
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
ncy
a
nd
e
f
fe
c
tive
p
ow
e
r
de
nsit
y
co
u
l
d
b
e
a
c
hie
v
e
d
sim
u
lta
ne
ousl
y
w
i
th
thi
s
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
appr
oac
h
.
B
a
se
d
o
n
a
na
l
y
sis,
the
c
on
tr
ol
p
a
r
am
ete
r
s
ha
ve
b
ee
n
des
ig
n
e
d
to
g
uar
a
ntee
de
tec
ti
o
n
tim
e
an
d
m
ainta
i
n
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
ef
fic
ie
n
c
y
.
A
pr
oto
t
y
p
e
co
nver
te
r
is
un
der
imple
m
entat
i
o
n
t
o
v
erify
the
s
im
u
l
a
tio
n
r
e
sults
i
m
p
le
me
nt
e
d
a
nd
its
e
xp
e
r
ime
n
ta
l
resu
lts
h
a
v
e
ve
r
i
fi
e
d
t
h
e
f
e
asi
b
ili
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r.
T
h
i
s
st
udy
sho
u
l
d
be
he
l
p
f
u
l
t
o
im
p
l
e
m
e
nt
hi
g
h
e
f
f
ic
i
e
ncy
a
nd
lon
g
l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e
guar
a
n
tee
d
P
V
in
ter
f
a
c
e
c
on
ver
t
e
r
s
w
i
th
m
ini
m
i
ze
d lo
sse
s.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
on,
the
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal r
es
u
l
t
s
hav
e
sh
ow
e
d tha
t
t
h
e pr
op
ose
d
c
on
ver
t
er
pa
c
kage
aid
s
ba
tte
r
y
c
har
gi
n
g
w
i
t
h
l
ow
E
MI
a
nd
EMC
pr
o
blem
s
d
ur
in
g
p
ow
e
r
c
o
n
ve
r
s
io
ns.
ACKNOWLEDGE
ME
N
T
S
The
a
u
t
h
or
s
e
xpr
ess
t
h
e
ir
gr
a
t
i
t
ude
to
D
r
.
S
.
A
r
ivazha
g
an
,
P
r
inc
ipa
l,
Me
pco
S
c
hl
en
k
En
gine
er
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e,
S
iva
k
a
s
i,
f
or
p
ro
v
i
d
i
ng
t
he
s
t
a
te
o
f
the
ar
t
la
b
o
rat
o
r
y
f
a
ci
lit
i
es
in
t
h
e
D
ep
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
of
E
l
ect
ri
cal
an
d
Elec
tr
on
ics
En
gi
neer
in
g
a
n
d
als
o
S
hr
i
.
V
.
C
ha
ndr
aseka
r
,
S
cie
nt
is
t
–
F/
Asso
ci
a
t
e
Di
re
ct
or,
Po
we
r
E
l
ec
tro
n
i
c
s
G
r
oup,
C
e
ntr
e
for
D
e
vel
o
p
m
e
nt
o
f
A
dva
nce
d
C
om
pu
ti
ng,
T
h
i
r
u
va
na
n
tha
pur
am
,
Gov
t
.
of
I
n
d
i
a
,
f
or
h
is
sus
t
ena
n
c
e
f
ro
m
the
com
m
e
n
cem
ent
of t
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h wor
k
till t
h
e
com
p
le
tion
.
REFERE
NC
E
S
[1]
Chin
g-M
i
ng
L
a
i
,
Yu-Hue
i
Ch
e
n
g
,
M
in
g-Hu
a
Hsie
h
,
Y
u
a
n
Chi
h
L
in
,
"
D
e
v
e
lo
pme
n
t
o
f
a
B
i
d
ir
e
c
t
io
na
l
D
C
/D
C
Co
nvert
er
with
Du
a
l-Batt
ery
E
n
erg
y
S
to
rage
f
or
Hy
b
rid
El
ectric
Veh
i
cle
S
y
st
e
m
,"
I
EE
E
Tran
s
.
on Vehicular
T
ech
nol
og
y
, vo
l
. 6
7, pp
.
1
0
3
6
-
5
2
, 2
01
8.
[2]
N
a
vid
S
h
afiei,
M
arti
n
Ord
o
n
ez,
M
oh
a
mme
d
Al
i
S
a
ke
t
To
k
a
ld
a
ni,
S
e
yed
Ali
Arefif
ar,
"
P
V
Bat
t
ery
Ch
arger
Us
in
g
an
L
3
C
R
eso
n
ant
Conv
erter
fo
r
E
l
ect
ric
V
e
hi
c
l
e
A
p
p
l
i
catio
n
s
,"
I
EEE Trans
.
on Tr
anspor
t
a
tion
E
l
ect
rifi
cation
,
vo
l.
4
,
pp
.
1
08
-12
1, 2
01
8.
[3]
Ro
uzbeh
Re
za
Ah
rabi
,
H
o
s
s
ei
n
Ard
i
,
M
ahd
i
Elm
i
,
Ali
Aj
am
i,
"A
No
v
e
l
S
t
e
p
-u
p
Mul
t
i
i
n
p
u
t
D
C
-
DC
C
on
ve
rte
r
f
o
r
E
l
ectri
c Veh
i
c
l
e Ap
plicati
on,"
IEE
E
Tr
an
s.
on Power Electr
onics
,
v
ol. 3
2,
pp
.
35
4
9
-
45
61
, 20
1
7
.
[4]
A.S
.
Samo
sir
,
Ta
u
fiq,
A
.J.Sh
aafie,
A.H.M
.
Yatim,
"
S
imu
lat
i
o
n
a
n
d
Im
pl
e
m
ent
atio
n
o
f
I
nterleav
e
d
B
oo
st
D
C-DC
Co
nvert
er
f
or
F
uel
Cell
Appli
cati
o
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
ion
a
l
Jou
r
nal
o
f
Po
we
r Electr
o
n
i
cs
an
d
D
r
i
ves S
y
st
em
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
pp
. 16
8
-1
74
,
2
0
11
.
[5]
N
i
khil
Jai
n
,
P
r
a
v
een
K
.J
ain
an
d
Geza
J
oos
,
“A
Z
ero
Volt
a
g
e
Tran
siti
on
B
oost
Co
nv
erter
E
m
p
l
oying
a
S
oft
Swi
t
ching
A
uxiliay
C
i
rcuit
W
i
t
h
R
educed
C
o
n
ducti
o
n
Losses
,”
i
n
IEEE Tr
a
n
sacti
ons on Power E
l
ectr
onics
,
v
o
l
.
19,
no.
1
,
J
a
nuary
2
0
0
4
.
[6]
T
I
a
pplicat
ion
note:
Digi
t
a
l
l
y
Controll
ed
H
V
So
lar
MP
PT
D
C-DC
C
on
v
e
rt
e
r
U
si
ng
C
200
0™
P
iccol
o
™
M
i
c
r
o
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
by
T
ex
as
I
n
s
trum
ent
s
,
U
S
A
,
2004
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
9
5
3
–
9
60
96
0
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Ja
wa
ha
r
M
is
a
n Ass
i
s
t
a
n
t Pro
f
e
s
s
o
r in th
e
Dep
artm
ent
of
Elect
r
ical
and
El
ectro
nics
En
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
,
M
e
pco
S
c
hlen
k
Eng
i
n
eerin
g
Coll
ege,
S
ivak
asi
,
s
in
ce
Ju
ne
2
01
6.
H
e
h
o
l
d
s
BE
(
EEE)
an
d
ME
(P
ower
E
l
ectro
n
i
cs
a
nd
D
r
ives
)
f
r
om
t
he
F
acul
t
y
o
f
E
lectri
cal
E
ng
in
e
e
r
ing
,
A
n
n
a
U
nive
rsity
,
Ch
e
n
na
i
wi
th
a
G
o
l
d
Me
d
a
l
a
n
d
a
Un
iv
e
r
si
ty
R
a
n
k
in
2
01
2
a
n
d
20
1
6
res
p
e
c
ti
vel
y
.
H
e
h
a
s
wo
rked
a
s
an
Ass
oci
a
te
S
o
f
tw
are
En
gi
neer
a
t
Acc
e
nt
ure,
I
nd
ia
f
r
o
m
2
012
–
1
4
an
d
als
o
i
n
t
erned
at
E
l
ectrical
S
erv
i
ces
Gro
up
,
IG
CAR,
K
a
l
pak
k
am
,
Go
vt.
o
f
I
n
d
ia
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
Gro
up,
C-DAC,
T
h
iru
v
an
ant
h
apu
r
am
,
G
o
v
t
.
o
f
I
ndia
in
2
011
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d
20
15-1
6
resp
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iv
ely
.
H
e
i
s
t
h
e
recipi
ent
o
f
r
ese
a
rch
f
e
l
l
ow
ship
f
rom
th
e
In
di
an
I
nst
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
T
e
c
hn
olog
y
De
lh
i,
N
e
w
D
e
l
hi
i
n
2
0
1
7
.
H
e
h
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
r
e
d
a
n
d
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
1
1
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
n
r
e
p
uted
i
n
t
ern
a
ti
on
al
a
nd
n
atio
nal
jo
urnal
s
/
c
on
f
e
re
n
ces.
He i
s t
h
e
Lif
e
M
em
b
e
r, ISTE
and
M
e
m
b
er,
I
EEE
,
IAENG.
Jay
asank
ar
V
i
s
th
e
P
r
o
f
ess
o
r
an
d
D
ea
n
i
n
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
Elect
ri
cal
and
Co
m
m
un
i
cati
o
n
Engineering
,
V
e
l
T
ech
R
angarajan
Dr.Sagunt
h
al
a
R&D
Institute
o
f
S
cien
ce
a
n
d
Tech
no
lo
gy,
Av
adi,
C
h
e
n
n
ai
,
s
i
n
ce
J
u
l
y
201
7
.
H
e
ho
lds
BE
(
EEE
)
f
ro
m
Go
vern
m
ent
Co
llege
o
f
Technology,
Coi
mb
a
to
re
i
n
197
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n
d
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E
(
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oltag
e
E
n
g
ineeri
n
g
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nd
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hD
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E
lect
ri
cal
E
ngin
eerin
g)
fro
m
th
e
F
acu
lty
o
f
El
ectrical
E
ngin
eering
,
An
n
a
Un
ivers
i
t
y
,
Ch
ennai
i
n
19
95
a
n
d
2
0
11
re
sp
e
c
t
ive
l
y.
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h
as
s
e
r
v
ed
i
n
v
ario
us
p
os
it
io
ns
f
rom
No
vem
b
er
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d
ret
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r
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a
s
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e
s
s
o
r
a
n
d
Head
i
n
th
e
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
o
f
Electrical
a
n
d
E
lectro
ni
cs
E
n
g
i
n
eerin
g
,
M
ep
co
S
chl
en
k
E
ng
ineeri
n
g
Col
l
ege,
S
iv
akasi.
E
arlier,
h
e
w
a
s
emp
l
o
y
ed
a
s
an
As
s
istan
t
E
n
g
in
e
e
r,
T
NE
B
f
o
r
7
years.
H
e
has
aut
hored
and
p
ubl
is
hed
f
i
n
ite
arti
cles
i
n
r
eputed
i
nt
ernati
on
al
a
nd
n
ati
o
n
a
l
jo
urn
a
ls
/conf
erences
.
He
h
as
s
u
ccess
f
ull
y
com
p
l
e
t
ed
4
s
po
ns
ored
r
esearch
f
un
ded
p
r
oj
e
ct
s
as
P
rin
c
ipal
I
n
v
es
ti
gato
r
and
as
Co-Princ
i
pal
Inves
t
i
g
at
or
f
ro
m
IGCA
R,
N
POL,
A
IC
T
E
-R
PS,
R
uT
A
G
-IIT
M
adras
.
H
e
i
s
the L
ife Me
m
b
e
r, IS
TE and
I
E
(I)
.
Ka
rthik
Ku
ma
r
K
is
a
P
G
sc
ho
la
r
in
t
he
D
epartm
en
t
of
E
lect
ric
a
l
a
n
d
E
lectro
nics
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
ng,
M
e
pco
S
c
h
l
enk
En
gin
eerin
g
Col
l
eg
e,
S
iv
a
k
asi.
He
h
o
ld
s
BE
(
E
E
E
)
f
r
o
m
M
ep
co
S
chl
enk
En
gin
eerin
g
Co
l
l
eg
e
,
S
i
v
ak
asi
i
n
2
0
1
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.
H
i
s
r
esear
ch
i
nteres
t
in
clu
d
es
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o
w
er
e
l
ectron
i
cs
con
v
erters
f
or
e
l
ectric
vehi
cle
ap
pl
icati
o
n
.
H
e
has
pub
lish
e
d
2
r
esearch
a
rt
icl
e
s
i
n
a
n
international conf
eren
ce / jo
urnals
.
Ed
ward
R
ajan
S
i
s
a
S
e
nio
r
P
ro
f
e
sso
r
i
n
the
D
e
part
men
t
o
f
El
ect
rical
a
nd
E
l
e
c
t
ronic
s
En
gin
eerin
g
,
M
epco
S
chlen
k
E
ngi
neeri
ng
College,
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i
v
a
kas
i
,
s
i
n
c
e
1
99
6.
H
e
hol
ds
B
E
(ICE)
f
r
o
m
M
ad
urai
K
am
araj
U
ni
vers
ity
,
M
ad
urai
i
n
19
91
a
nd
M
E
(Elect
r
ical
E
n
g
i
n
eerin
g)
from
Jad
a
vup
ur
Un
i
versit
y
,
Kolk
a
ta
i
n
1
9
9
6
a
nd
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h
D
(Elect
rical
E
ngi
n
eeri
ng)
f
rom
th
e
F
aculty
o
f
El
ec
t
r
ical
E
n
g
i
n
eerin
g,
M
adurai
K
am
araj
U
nivers
it
y,
M
ad
urai
i
n
20
06
.
He
i
s
recogn
ized
as
an
app
r
oved
rese
ar
ch
s
up
ervi
sor
f
o
r
gu
idin
g
P
h
.
D
.
b
y
A
nn
a
Uni
v
ers
i
ty
,
Che
n
na
i.
P
re
se
ntly
,
un
de
r
hi
s
su
perv
ision
,
f
ou
r
sch
o
lars
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re
purs
u
i
n
g
thei
r
Ph.D.
and
sev
en
s
ch
olars
hav
e
co
m
pl
e
t
ed
t
hei
r
P
h
.D
u
n
d
er
A
n
n
a
Un
ivers
i
t
y
,
Chenn
a
i.
He
h
a
s
pu
blis
hed
47
resear
ch
p
apers
in
t
h
e
r
epu
t
ed
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Journ
a
ls
.
His
m
a
in
r
esearch
i
nt
ere
s
ts
i
n
c
lud
e
R
en
ewab
le
p
ower
g
enerati
o
n
,
P
ow
e
r
con
v
erters
,
M
odeli
ng
&
Sim
u
latio
n
of
I
nst
r
um
e
n
tation
sy
st
ems,
M
edi
cal
I
m
age
P
ro
cess
i
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and
Bio
-
m
e
dical
i
nstrum
en
tati
on
.
H
e
i
s
a
Lif
e
M
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m
ber
in
I
n
d
ian
So
ci
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f
o
r
T
echni
cal
E
du
cati
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n
and
als
o
a F
ellow M
e
m
b
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r
in The
Ins
t
i
t
utio
n
o
f
E
ng
ineers
(Ind
i
a
).
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