Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No.
2
,
Jun
202
1
,
pp.
803
~
810
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
2
.i
2
.
pp
8
03
-
810
803
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Energy c
onser
va
t
ion at
hig
h po
wer cons
um
ing
h
oldin
g fur
nace
with mo
dified c
oil
design and el
ec
t
rical cir
cuits
D
.
Ka
r
th
ikey
an,
V
.
P
.
Arum
bu,
P
.
Divy
a,
K
.
Vij
ayakum
ar,
K
.
M
an
i
R
ah
ul
an
SR
M Insti
tut
e
of
Scie
n
ce a
nd
Tec
hnology,
Ka
ttan
kula
thur
,
Ch
enn
ai
,
Indi
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
23
, 2
0
21
Re
vised
M
a
r
18
, 2
0
21
Accepte
d
Apr
29
,
2021
Thi
s
p
ape
r
d
ea
ls
with
h
igh
ene
rg
y
consum
ing
ind
uct
ion
hold
ing
f
urna
ce.
Th
e
im
prove
d
v
ersio
n
of
coil
design
al
ong
wi
th
add
it
ional
e
lectr
i
ca
l
int
er
loc
k
s
and
alarm
,
modified
hydra
u
li
c
c
ontrol
s,
streng
th
eni
ng
m
ec
han
ical
struc
ture
s
and
ene
rgy
sav
ing
proposa
ls
a
t
hold
ing
furna
ce
fume
ext
ra
ction
sys
te
m
ensure
s
trouble
f
ree
op
erati
on
o
f
furna
ce
and
hen
ce
cont
inu
it
y
of
produc
ti
on
at
a
ll
th
e
pl
anned
pla
nt
op
erati
o
nal
days.
Thi
s
pr
oje
c
t
invol
v
es
in
purc
hasing
of
D
-
sec
ti
on
cop
per
ex
trude
d
co
il
from
Europe
–
Sw
it
ze
rl
and
for
i
ts
extende
d
le
ngth
from
exi
s
ti
ng
3
me
t
ers
lo
ng
to
9
Met
e
rs
which
ena
bl
es
in
red
u
ct
ion
of
coi
l
joi
n
ts.
Th
e
per
forma
n
ce
of
t
he
hold
ing
furn
a
ce
h
as
im
p
rove
d
in
te
rms
o
f
it
s
ene
rgy
consumpt
ion
pe
r
ton
of
li
quid
m
etal.
The
payb
ac
k
p
e
riod
for
the
esti
mated
inve
st
me
nt
will be
le
ss
tha
n
2
y
ea
rs.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Be
an
ti
me
be
tween
f
ai
lu
re
D
-
Se
ct
ion co
pper
co
il
ea
rth
le
akag
e
sy
ste
m
Energ
y
c
onser
vation
Hydrauli
c s
ys
t
em
M
ea
n
ti
me to
re
pair red
uctio
n
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
D.
Kar
t
hik
e
ya
n
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g
SRM In
sti
tute of Sci
ence
& T
echnolo
gy, Kat
ta
nkulathur,
Ta
mil
N
ad
u
,
In
dia
Emai
l:
k
art
hipncl@
gm
ai
l.co
m.
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Among
the
i
ndus
t
ries,
cast
in
g
ma
nufactu
ring
fou
ndr
y
in
dustr
y
co
nsume
s
more
el
ect
rical
energy
t
o
melt
the
raw
mate
rial
in
to
li
qu
id
form
to
pour
i
n
the
de
sired
m
oulds
made
as
per
the
re
qu
ire
me
nt.
T
he
melt
ing
proces
s
co
ns
ist
s
of
melt
ing
f
urnac
e,
holdin
g
fur
n
ace
and
po
ur
in
g
f
urnace.
Eac
h
sta
ge
c
onsume
s
it
s
sp
eci
fic
e
nerg
y
based
on
it
s
typ
e
an
d
ca
pacit
y.
We
at
M
/s.
Bra
kes
India
Lt
d.
,
f
oundr
y
div
isi
on,
a
nd
sh
oli
nghur
operates
Ind
uctio
n
ty
pe
co
reles
s
furn
ace
s
f
or
this
melt
ing
and
holdin
g
of
meta
l
[1]
-
[4].
T
he
ave
ra
ge
powe
r
co
ns
um
ption
per
t
on
of
meta
l
at
melt
ing
f
urnace
is
540
un
it
s
a
nd
f
or
holdin
g
f
urnace
is
40
un
it
s/t
on
of
li
quid
meta
l.
Foundry
proce
ss
is
a
co
ntin
uous
proce
ss,
al
l
the
machi
nes
are
ope
rated
i
n
se
qu
e
nce
t
o
com
plete
the
process
of
met
al
pouri
ng
in
t
o
mould
s.
A
ny
min
or
sto
pp
a
ge
at
li
ne
ca
us
es
hu
ge
ene
rgy
l
os
s.
T
he
ene
r
gy
sp
e
nt
towa
rd
s
pr
e
pari
ng
the
meta
l,
moulds
,
operat
ing
dust
c
ollec
tor
e
quip
ment’
s
an
d
the
pr
oce
ss
e
qu
i
pm
e
nt’s
we
re
al
l
in
vai
n.
He
nce,
it
is
a
dva
nt
age
w
he
n
t
he
machine
s
op
e
r
at
e
at
le
ss
er
breakdo
wn
occ
ur
ren
ces
an
d
dur
at
ion
.
This
pr
oject
of
reducin
g
the
e
nerg
y
co
nsum
ption
at
ho
l
ding
f
urnace
by
i
den
ti
f
ying
the
root
cause
of
f
ai
lure
s
and imple
ment
ing
t
he
im
pro
ve
ments i
n
the
phase
d
ma
nner
[
5].
Figure
1,
re
pe
sents
the
pr
i
nc
iple
of
el
ect
r
oma
gn
et
ic
indu
ct
ion
util
iz
es
the
ma
gn
et
ic
e
ff
ect
of
the
el
ect
rical
cur
re
nt.
Wh
e
n
t
wo
cond
ucto
rs
a
re
mag
netic
al
ly
coupled
,
a
nd
if
the
first
c
onduct
or
is
ca
rrying
the
A.
C
el
ect
rical
current
a
seco
nd
a
r
y
cu
rrent
i
s
induce
d
in
a
seco
nd
c
onduc
tor.
This
i
nduc
ed
sec
ond
a
ry
c
urren
t
can b
e u
ti
li
zed to
g
ene
rate hea
t
in
the
ci
rc
uit of
the
seco
nd
c
onduct
or b
y
e
xploit
ing
the
el
e
ct
rical
losses
due
t
o
the
cu
rrent.
I
n
conve
ntion
al
method
of
heati
ng
,
the
re
is
a
ho
t
source
a
nd
a
c
old
receive
r.
T
he
sour
ce
i
s
goin
g
on
e
xpan
ding
energ
y
irres
pe
ct
ive
of
w
heth
er
the
recei
ver
receives
it
or
not.
W
hile
in
in
du
ct
io
n
heati
ng,
the
r
e
is
no
hot
s
ourc
e.
Heat
is
in
duced
i
ns
ide
the
meta
l
it
sel
f
by
the
el
ect
r
om
a
gnet
ic
in
duct
ion.
And
he
nce
,
e
nerg
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
202
1
:
803
–
810
804
is
expan
de
d
only
w
he
n
meta
l
receives
it
[6].
The
hott
est
thing
is
the
meta
l
it
sel
f.
S
o,
t
he
l
os
ses
of
ho
t
s
ources
are
total
ly
el
i
minate
d.
Sinc
e
the
e
nergy
is
no
t
t
ran
s
ferred
by
c
onve
ntion
al
meth
od
of
heat
tra
nsfer
by
cond
uction,
c
onvecti
on
or
ra
diati
on
.
But
it
is
ge
ner
at
e
d
(i
nduce
d)
in
t
he
meta
l
it
sel
f.
It
i
s
m
os
t
ef
fici
ent
an
d
cl
ean
met
hod
of
heati
ng
the
meta
l.
Since
th
e
heat
is
ge
ne
r
at
ed
within
t
he
meta
l
it
sel
f,
t
he
a
mou
nt
of
energ
y
trans
fer
pe
r
giv
en
mass
of
meta
l
(po
wer
densi
ty)
ca
n
be
increase
d
an
d
heati
ng
pr
oc
ess
co
uld
be
made
qu
ic
ker.
And
a
s the
proces
s
bec
om
es
quicke
r,
t
he pr
ocess o
f
ef
fici
enc
y
im
pro
ves.
To
gen
e
rate
qu
ic
k
heat
in
t
he
meta
l,
we
nee
d
to
ge
ner
at
e
hi
gh
e
r
el
ect
rical
losses
in
t
he
meta
l
to
be
melt
ed
or
heated.
T
he
heati
ng
is
di
rectl
y
re
la
te
d
with
the
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
of
t
he
el
ect
rical
ly
induced
c
ur
rent
.
A
nd
so
,
to
ge
ner
at
e
m
or
e
heat
(el
ect
rical
losses)
,
the
hi
gh
e
r
frequ
e
nc
y
s
houl
d
be
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
desig
ni
ng
pro
per
inv
e
rter
ci
rc
uits.
Ev
en
t
houg
h
the
highe
r
f
r
equ
e
nc
y
of
i
nduced
cu
rr
e
nt
is
bette
r
f
or
fast
er
heati
ng,
the
re
are
oth
e
r
e
ff
ect
s
of
t
his
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
w
hich
s
om
et
imes
re
stric
ts
t
he
fr
e
quenc
y
r
ise
.
T
hese
ef
fe
ct
s
are,
li
quid
meta
l
sti
rr
in
g
in
case
of melt
ing,
dept
h
of
pe
netrati
on
of h
eat
i
n
cas
e of
heati
ng or
weldin
g [
7]
.
These o
the
r
ef
f
ect
s
of
f
re
quen
cy
are
al
s
o
of
great
help
to
ma
ke
the
li
quid
m
et
al
sti
r
and
mix
pr
op
e
rly
in
melt
ing
an
d
to
co
ntr
ol
the
dep
t
h
of
ha
rd
e
ning
or
de
pth
of
wel
din
g
in
heati
ng
and
wel
ding.
So
,
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
of
the
in
ver
te
r
is
t
o
be
sel
ect
ed
consi
der
i
ng
al
l
these
eff
ect
s
of
it
.
T
he
phe
nomen
on
of
el
ect
rical
inducti
on
is
th
e
induc
ti
on
of
the
seco
ndar
y
current
in
t
o
th
e
piece
of
t
he
meta
l
to
be
he
at
ed
or
melt
ed
or
to
be
welde
d.
T
o
i
nduce
(
gen
e
rate
)
cu
rr
e
nt
in
t
o
the
piece,
it
has
to
be
plac
ed
in
t
o
the
c
entre
of
t
he
c
oil
of
cond
ucto
r,
w
hi
ch
is
car
ry
i
ng
t
he
el
ect
rical
c
urre
nt o
f
sel
e
ct
ed
fr
e
quenc
y.
T
hu
s
,
t
his p
ie
ce forms
the
sec
onda
r
y
connecti
on
bet
ween
el
ect
rical
supp
l
y
a
nd
pi
ece.
H
oweve
r,
there
is
the
m
agn
et
ic
c
oupli
ng
bet
ween
co
il
and
the p
ie
ce
[8].
Figure
1. M
a
gnet
ic
f
ie
ld c
rea
ti
on
in
the
coil
by the i
nduce
d cur
ren
t
The
sti
rr
i
ng
of
the
li
quid
me
ta
l
is
of
vital
imp
or
ta
nce
f
or
bette
r
al
l
oy
i
ng
of
the
in
gredi
ents
of
t
he
li
qu
id
meta
l.
T
he
sti
rr
in
g
al
s
o
helps
to
rem
ove
the
ent
rapp
ed
ai
r
an
d
fl
oa
t
the
sla
g
on
the
to
p
of
the
li
qu
id
meta
l [9], a
)
i
nductio
n
c
oil (c
oil o
f
the
con
duc
to
r)
,
b)
el
ect
rical
curre
nt
pa
ssin
g
t
hro
ugh
t
he
i
nduction
coil,
c)
sh
unts
a
r
ound
the
per
ip
he
ry
of
the
c
oil,
d)
m
onolit
hic
re
fra
ct
ory
li
ning
be
tween
in
du
ct
io
n
c
oil
an
d
the
meta
l,
and e)
metal
.
The
22
T
on
c
apacit
y
holdi
ng
f
urnace
is
f
abr
ic
at
ed
us
in
g
45x3
2m
m
D
sect
ion
e
xtr
ud
e
d
co
pper
wou
nd
e
d
coil.
The
t
otal
c
oil
is
ma
de
us
i
ng
9
seg
ments
of
c
oil
tu
rn
s
.
Eac
h
segme
nt
is
ma
de
up
of
4
t
o
5
tur
ns.
The
e
xtr
ud
e
d
3
mete
r
coil
is
jointed
us
i
ng
s
uitable
fe
rrule
joints
is
wou
nded
on
a
dru
m
to
br
in
g
t
he
re
qu
i
red
rou
nd
s
hap
e
.
T
his
total
43
tur
n
c
oil
is
c
on
ne
ct
ed
ac
ro
s
s
12
00V,
600kw
P
ow
e
r
t
ransf
ormer.
T
he
t
otal
numb
e
r
of
joi
nts
to
ma
ke
this
coil
is
arou
nd
80
N
os.
This
total
coi
l
is
placed
in
a
ste
el
sh
el
l
arra
ng
e
ment
a
nd
locke
d
with
require
d
a
rr
a
ng
e
ments
to
av
oid
disl
ocati
on
s
.
8
nos
of
coppe
r
s
hunts
placed
al
l
ar
ound
the
ci
rc
umf
eren
ce
of
coil
to
nu
ll
if
y
the
le
aka
ge
f
lux
es
creati
ng
at
coil.
T
hese
s
hunts
helps
in
el
imi
nating
le
a
kag
e
fl
ux
e
s
a
nd
al
s
o
giv
es
require
d
mecha
nical
suppo
rt
to
the
el
ect
rical
coil
from
e
xp
a
ns
io
n
and
c
ontr
act
io
n
due
to
heati
ng
a
nd
coo
li
ng
proc
es
s.
A
cl
os
ed
lo
op
c
ooli
ng
s
ys
te
m
will
ta
ke
ca
r
e
of
t
he
c
oil
f
r
om
over
heati
ng.
Mo
nitor
i
ng,
al
arm,
powe
r
trip
c
on
trols
we
re
inc
orp
or
at
e
d
to
t
he
coil
to
av
oid
any
da
mage
due
to
heat.
T
hi
s
intern
al
co
oling
is
mainta
ine
d
w
it
h
i
n
t
he
li
mit
usi
ng
sec
onda
ry
co
olin
g
to
wer
and
heat
e
xc
ha
ng
e
r
set
up
t
hes
e
sec
ondary
c
ooli
ng
al
so
mainta
ine
d
with
in
the
li
mit
by
pe
rio
dic
al
cl
eanin
g
of
ta
nk,
c
ooli
ng
fill
s
an
d
heat
e
xc
hange
rs.
T
his
c
oil
is
su
ppli
ed
th
rou
gh
3ph,
11kv/120
0V,
a
nd
600k
w
t
r
ans
f
ormer.
A
phase
bala
ncin
g
pa
nel
c
onsist
s
of
se
ries
connecte
d i
nd
uc
tor
a
nd ca
pacit
or
ba
nk
s
con
ne
ct
ed
th
rou
gh
con
ta
ct
ors a
re
balancin
g
t
he 3
ph curre
nt
[10].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ener
gy
c
onser
vation at
hi
gh
po
we
r
cons
uming h
old
i
ng fur
na
ce
…
(
D. Ka
rthike
ya
n
)
805
The
r
eas
on
s
as
so
ci
at
ed
t
o
this
is,are
as
f
ollo
ws
first
on
e
is
wa
te
r
le
a
k
du
e
t
o
c
opper
coil
joint
fail
ure
&
h
ig
h
te
m
pe
r
at
ur
e
at
pr
ima
r
y
a
nd
se
co
ndar
y
c
ooli
ng
waters,
ne
xt
t
o
it
is
li
fting
a
nd
lo
wer
i
ng
prob
le
ms
due
to
hy
dr
a
ulic
ci
rcu
it
s
&
e
arth
le
ak
detect
io
ns
due
to
high
te
mp
e
ratur
e
at
c
oo
li
ng
ja
c
kets
,
fo
ll
owe
d
with
PLC
hard
war
e
fail
ures
,
in
co
mp
et
e
nt
in
t
rou
ble
s
hootin
gs
,
hea
t
loss
du
e
to
fume
ext
racto
r
operati
on
,
f
ie
ld
fail
ur
es
of
el
ect
rical
co
mpon
e
nts
with
m
ore
ti
me
ta
ke
n
to
c
orrect
the
fail
ures
,
a
nd
t
he
al
ar
m
an
d
fee
dback
fac
il
ities
are
no
t
us
e
r
f
ri
end
l
y.
In
a
ddit
ion
with
the
a
bove
co
ns
trai
nts
t
he
f
ol
lowing
prob
le
ms
are
a
dde
d
towa
r
ds
the
ma
intance
a
nd
el
ect
rical
po
we
r
co
nsum
ptio
ns
they
a
re
br
ie
f
ly
giv
e
n
as
f
ollow
i
ng
t
he
fi
rst
on
e
is
m
ore
e
nerg
y
co
nsum
ption
/
ton
of
li
quid
m
et
al
.
Secondly
the
p
re
sent
le
ve
l
of
ene
r
gy
/t
on
of
li
qu
i
d
met
al
is
40
U
nit
M
ore
numb
e
r
of
plan
t
stoppa
ges
due
to
brea
k
do
wn
s
at
holdi
ng
fur
nace
.
N
umbe
r
of
br
ea
k
do
wn
s
,
at
ye
ar
wise
a
re
2016
-
1:
5
occurre
nces
,
2017
-
18:5
oc
cu
r
ren
ces
,
a
nd
20
18
-
19
:
1
occ
urr
ence
t
he
t
hir
d
pro
blem
is
rela
te
d
to
the
r
e
pai
r
a
nd
mainte
na
nce
c
os
t
is
high
,
at
2016
-
17:1
5
La
kh
s
,
2017
-
18:1
0
La
khs
,
an
d
2018
-
19:1.
5
L
akhs
la
stl
y
it
s
deals
with
t
he
pro
du
ct
ion
shutd
ow
n
i
n
t
he
ra
ng
e
of
Less
pro
du
c
ti
vity
du
rin
g
t
he
fail
ure
da
ys
.
L
os
s
of
10
T
on
s
of
meta
l pou
rin
g
/
hr
br
ea
k dow
n.
2.
OBJECTI
VE
S
The
fo
ll
owin
g
der
i
ved
obje
ct
ives g
ives
the s
olouti
on
f
or
th
e
ab
ov
e
me
ntio
ned
pr
ob
le
ms
w
hic
h
a
re
la
bel
d
her
e
as
f
ollows
fi
rs
t
and
f
orem
os
t
is
to
i
ncor
por
at
e
el
ect
rical
con
t
ro
ls
t
o
rais
e
al
arm
be
fore
fai
lur
es
that
c
auses
energ
y
l
os
ses,
M
odif
ying
f
urnace
coil
desi
gn
to
a
void
joi
nt
fail
ur
es
&
i
ncor
porati
ng
a
dd
it
io
nal
c
ontr
ols
on
hydrauli
c
ci
rc
uits.
finall
y
t
o
I
mpro
ve
the
co
ndit
ion
of
instr
um
e
ntati
on
pan
el
with
co
olin
g
a
rran
geme
nt,
Stren
gth
e
ning
the
mec
ha
nical
str
uctu
res
a
nd
at
la
st
i
m
plem
enting
e
nerg
y
savin
g
pro
posa
ls
at
f
um
e
e
xtr
act
ion
sy
ste
m.
2.1.
O
pera
tio
n
of
22
T
on c
apacity
ho
ldi
ng fur
na
ce
2.1.1.
Ex
isting
mod
el
intro
duct
i
on
Figure
2
re
perents
th
e
22T
c
apacit
y
holdin
g
fur
nace
c
ons
ist
s
of
powe
r
and
inst
rument
at
ion
pa
nel
.
The
f
urnace
re
cei
ves
po
wer
f
rom
phase
bal
ancin
g
po
wer.
The
f
urnace
is
of
c
ore
le
ss
ty
pe
in
du
ct
i
on
f
urnace
op
e
rati
ng at m
ai
n’
s
fr
e
quenc
y [11
]
-
[
14]
.
It
does
no
t
pos
sess
an
y
se
mico
nd
ucto
r
de
vic
es.
It
has
go
t
c
ombinati
on
of
series
react
or
s
and
shu
nt
capaci
tors
t
o
balance
t
he
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
cu
rrent.
Co
olin
g
s
ys
te
m
to
t
he
coil
is
by
de
min
wate
r
wit
h
the
cond
uctivit
y
of
le
ss
then
100
micro
sie
me
ns.
We
go
t
tw
o
su
c
h
f
urnaces.
On
e
will
op
e
ra
t
e
at
a
t
ime
and
the
nex
t
one
will
be st
an
d by. I
t
w
il
l op
erate a
r
ound 50 da
y’
s
cyc
le
[15]
-
[
17]
.
Figure
2
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram of
th
e exis
ti
ng m
od
el
2.1.2.
C
ompari
s
on
between ex
ix
ting
and pr
op
se
d b
loc
k d
i
ag
r
am
Figure
3
r
e
pr
e
sents
the
b
loc
k
diag
ram
of
th
e
propose
d
m
odel
with
the
c
ompa
rison
of
ne
ed
cha
nges
disco
ver
e
d
between
t
he
existi
ng
a
nd
the
pr
opose
d
m
odel
w
hich
cl
earl
y
show
n
the
m
aj
or
diffren
ce
i
n
th
e
coil
desig
n
with
re
sp
ect
t
o
t
he
e
xix
ti
ng
one,
th
e
pro
ps
e
d
m
odel
deals
with
the
ne
w
coil
desig
n
with
a
dd
ition
couplin
g
place
d
at
the
rig
ht
locat
ion
w
hich
reduce
the
m
aj
or
pro
blem
li
ke
high
po
wer
c
on
s
umpti
on
a
nd
hi
gh
mainta
nce
c
os
t
,
in
a
dd
it
io
n
t
he
key
points
of
dif
fer
e
nce
be
tween
t
he
bl
oc
k
dig
ra
ms
a
re
ad
dr
esse
d
for
cl
ear
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
202
1
:
803
–
810
806
unde
rstan
ding
towa
rd
s
the
im
pro
ved
m
o
del
in
Ta
ble
1
[
18
]
-
[
20]
.
Table
2
re
pr
e
sents
the
brea
k
dow
n
de
ta
il
s
happe
ns
in
the
industries
f
rom
the
pe
rio
d
of
A
pr
2016
-
Ma
r
2019
a
nd
t
he
locti
on
of
th
e
fail
ur
e
happe
ns
ha
s
been re
pese
nte
din
t
he
Fi
gure
4.
Figure
3.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram of
th
e
pro
posed
m
odel
Table
1
. C
omp
ariso
n wit
h
e
xisti
ng
a
nd
propose
d
m
odel
b
l
oc
k diag
ram
No
.
Blo
ck
diag
ram
–
E
x
istin
g
Dlo
g
diag
ram
–
P
r
o
p
o
sed
1.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
coil jo
i
n
ts are mo
re
–
a
ro
u
n
d
80
joi
n
ts
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
coil jo
i
n
ts are
r
ed
u
ced to
22
join
ts wh
ich
av
o
id
failur
e
rate
o
f
coil
jo
in
ts an
d
water
le
ak
issu
es
2.
No
water lev
el con
troller at
DM
wat
e
r
tan
k
W
ater
lev
el
co
n
troller at
DM
wate
r
ta
n
k
intro
d
u
ced
3
.
No
press
u
re
sen
so
r
at
filt
er
water
line
Pressu
re
sen
so
r
at
filter
wate
r
lin
e to
raise a
la
r
m
to av
o
id
b
reak do
wn
4.
No
tem
p
er
atu
re
se
n
so
r
at f
ilte
r
wat
er
lin
e
Tem
p
e
rature
sen
so
r
at
filter
wate
r
lin
e to raise
alarm to
av
o
id
b
reak do
wn
5.
Total co
il is con
n
e
cted
acr
o
ss
the su
p
p
ly
-
m
o
re
hear
g
en
eration
at
m
et
a
r
p
arts
Du
m
m
y
co
il is pro
v
id
ed
at
to
p
and
botto
m
to av
o
id
heatin
g
of
m
etal pa
rts and
eat
h
leak iss
u
es
6.
No
gro
u
n
d
leak d
etector check
m
eth
o
d
s
Testin
g
f
acilities
c
reate
d
to ch
eck th
e
gro
u
n
d
leak d
etectio
n
7.
No
aler
t
alar
m
for
co
o
lin
g
tower f
an
o
p
eration
–
will
lead
to h
ig
h
tem
p
e
rature
iss
u
es
Gem
e
rat
e
alar
m
for coo
lin
g
tower f
an
off
statu
s
–
wi
ll
elim
in
ate
co
o
lin
g
water
hig
h
te
m
p
er
atu
re
iss
u
es
8.
More P
LC hard
wa
re
fa
ilu
re
Co
o
lin
g
f
an
with filter
s p
rov
id
ed
9.
No
po
wer
tap
po
sitio
n
con
troller to co
n
trol wastag
e of
p
o
wer
Po
we tap po
sitio
n
co
n
troller to sav
e e
n
ergy
.
Table
2
. B
reak
dow
n detai
ls
f
rom
Apr 201
6
-
M
ar
20
19
1
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
0
1
.08
.2016
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
coil water
leak
fr
o
m
bo
tto
m
5th
turn
Immediately
furn
ace
e
m
p
tied
.
Sp
are
h
o
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace sw
itch
ed
on
and
pu
t
in
to
o
p
eration
.
2
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
2
0
3
.08
.2016
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
2
water
l
eak
fr
o
m
inlet tu
rn p
o
r
t
Immediately
furn
ace
e
m
p
tied
.
B
ra
zin
g
wo
rk car
r
ied
ou
t at
coil in
let turn
po
rt
an
d
pu
t into
op
erat
io
n
.
3
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
2
0
3
.10
.2016
h
o
ld
er
tiltin
g
cy
lin
d
er
o
il leak d
u
e
to
pis
to
n
r
o
d
glan
d
seal worn o
u
t
Sp
are
tiltin
g
cylin
d
er
repla
ced
.
4
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
0
6
.01
.2018
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
l
ifting
up
/d
o
wn
n
o
t work
in
g
Ho
ld
er
u
p
/d
o
wn
n
o
t work
in
g
du
e to
Prop
o
rtion
al car
d
b
ase ter
m
in
al cut
Sp
are
p
rop
o
rtion
al car
d
with b
ase
replaced
.
5
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
1
9
.03
.2019
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
1
water
l
eak at
b
o
tto
m
coil
W
ater
leak
no
ticed
at
b
o
tto
m
coil 7
th
tu
rn b
raze
d
ar
e
a g
o
t cr
ack. S
am
e wa
s
b
raze
d
with co
p
p
er
su
p
p
o
rts and
stren
g
th
en
ed
.
6
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
2
2
7
.03
.2019
Ho
ld
in
g
f
u
rnace
-
2
t
iltin
g
m
o
v
em
en
t pro
b
le
m
Pressu
re
r
elief
val
v
e sp
o
o
l go
t struck.
Sp
are
re
lief
v
alv
e
ch
an
g
ed
af
ter
th
at
p
rod
u
ctio
n
co
n
tin
u
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ener
gy
c
onser
vation at
hi
gh
po
we
r
cons
uming h
old
i
ng fur
na
ce
…
(
D. Ka
rthike
ya
n
)
807
Figure
4.
Fail
ure
ho
l
der
f
urna
ce pa
nel.
2.2.
Failure
de
ta
il
s
The
major
dr
w
abacks
in
t
he
e
xisti
ng
m
od
el
are
li
ste
d
ov
e
r
her
e
as
f
ollo
w
s
as
n
o
powe
r
ta
p
posit
io
n
con
t
ro
ll
er
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
wastage
of
powe
r
,
N
umber
of
coil
joints
are
m
or
e
-
ar
ound
80
joints
,
T
otal
coil
is
connecte
d
acr
os
s
th
e
s
upply
-
m
or
e
hear
ge
ner
at
io
n
at
me
ta
l
par
ts
&
No
al
ert
al
ar
m
f
or
c
ooli
ng
to
wer
fa
n
op
e
rati
on
-
will
le
ad
to
high
te
mp
e
ratur
e
iss
ue
s
an
d
at
the
l
ast
no
gro
und
le
ak
detect
or
c
heck
met
hods
with
more
PLC
h
a
r
dw
a
re
fail
ur
es
.
2.3.
C
oil rel
ated
m
od
ific
at
io
ns
To
res
olv
e
t
he
a
bove
me
ntio
ned
pro
blems
ste
p
by
ste
p
ac
ti
on
ta
ke
n
has
been
i
ncorpo
ra
te
d
i
n
a
t
he
sh
ort
ti
me
dur
at
ion
of
ga
p
i
mpro
ve
the
co
il
per
f
orma
nce
wh
ic
h
a
re
la
be
ll
ed
as
f
ollo
w
s
init
ia
ll
y
it
has
bee
n
Pr
ovi
ding
a
ddit
ion
al
water
c
ooli
ng
t
o
t
he
co
oling
ja
c
ket
,
A
pr
-
Se
p
2017
ne
xt
t
o
it
r
e
placi
ng
e
xisti
ng
c
oi
l
with
bette
r
c
oil
joi
nt
,
A
pr
-
Se
p
2017
&
i
ncr
ea
s
ing
the
le
ngth
of
c
oil
f
r
om
3
mete
rs
t
o
9
mete
rs
t
o
redu
ce
the
numb
e
r
of
coil
joints
,
A
pr
-
Se
p
2017
with
r
e
locat
ing
t
he
power
fee
ding
jo
int
to
a
vo
i
d
in
du
ct
io
n
l
os
ses
,
A
pr
-
S
ep 2
017
&
Im
pro
ving c
oil segme
nt joints
,
Apr
-
Sep 2
017
.
2.4.
Hydrauli
c sys
tem m
od
ific
ati
on
s
&
im
pr
ovemen
ts at i
ns
trumen
t
p
anel
Adde
d
with
th
e
coil
desig
n
the
hy
dr
a
ulic
sy
ste
m
m
od
i
ficat
ion
an
d
pan
e
l
side
dev
el
opment
has
be
e
n
impleme
nted
i
n
order
to
me
et
ou
t
t
he
s
ol
ution
in
t
he
f
ullest
wa
y
the
y
a
re
narrate
d
as
f
ollo
ws,
f
irstl
y
i
mp
r
ovin
g
the
coo
li
ng o
f
hydrauli
c
oil
,
Oct
17
-
M
arc
h
18,
Fixin
g
re
place
ment
f
reque
nc
y
of o
il
filt
er
el
ements
,
Oct
17
-
M
arc
h
18
,
i
nc
orporati
ng
oil
le
vel
low
sens
or
to
al
ert
and
t
o
re
duce
oil
cost
an
d
the
rep
ai
r
ti
me
,
Oc
t
17
-
M
arc
h
18
&
g
ivi
ng
a
dd
it
ion
al
an
gle
suppo
rts
t
o
a
void
c
rac
ks
,
Oct
17
-
M
arc
h
18
,
inco
rpor
a
ting
su
ct
io
n
dam
per
co
ntr
ol
for
var
i
ou
s
sta
ge
op
e
rati
on
and
f
urnace
&
pro
vid
i
ng
co
ol
ing
fan
ar
rang
ement
for
in
str
um
e
nt
pan
el
,
Apr
-
S
e
p
2018
,
pro
vi
din
g
ai
r
ci
rc
ulati
on
with
nece
ss
ary
filt
er
to
av
oid
dust
e
ntry
,
A
pr
-
S
e
p
2018
with
p
r
ovin
g
water
le
vel
sens
or
f
o
r
pri
ma
ry
wate
r
ta
nk
,
A
pr
-
S
e
p
2018
&
inc
orp
or
at
in
g
nece
ssary
f
us
e
prot
ect
ion
for
in
div
id
ual
fiel
d
outp
uts
f
or
protect
ion
a
nd
ea
sy
tr
oubl
e
sh
ooti
ngs
,
O
ct
18
-
M
a
rc
h
19
[
21
]
-
[
25]
.
Increasi
n
g
the
capaci
to
r
a
t
pan
el
to
im
pro
ve
po
wer
fa
ct
or
of
the
fee
der
,
Oct
18
-
Ma
rch
19
a
dded
with
SOP
f
or
fu
me
extracti
on oper
at
ion
to
sa
ve
el
ect
rical
en
ergy
,
Oct 18
-
M
a
rc
h
19
&
disp
la
yi
ng
el
ect
rical
sch
emat
ic
d
ia
gr
am f
o
r
bette
r
un
der
sta
nd
i
ng
,
Oct
18
-
M
arc
h
19
.
Dis
playing
the
f
unct
ion
al
proce
dures
of
major
sy
ste
ms
li
ke
c
oo
li
ng
,
Hyd
r
aulic
,
power
,
Oct
18
-
Ma
rch
19
with
th
e
i
den
ti
ficat
ion
of
ci
rc
uit
com
pone
nts
with
de
scriptio
n
an
d
ci
rcu
i
t
ref
e
ren
ce
f
or
e
asy
tr
ouble
s
hootin
g
,
A
pr
-
S
e
p
2018
&
De
ve
lop
in
g
fa
ult
annu
nciat
ion
at
HMI
for
eas
y
t
rou
ble
sh
ooti
ng
,
A
pr
-
S
ep 2
018
Af
te
r
al
l
the
modific
at
ion
ha
s
bee
n
done
is
a
huge
r
e
du
c
ti
on
in
br
ea
kdown
occ
urren
c
es
at
holdi
ng
furn
ace
re
w
hich
is
s
how
n
i
n
grap
h
at
Fig
ur
e
5
a
nd
the
i
mpr
ov
e
ment
i
n
holder
ene
rgy
co
nsum
ptio
n
is
i
ndic
te
d
in the g
raph at
Figure
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
202
1
:
803
–
810
808
Figure
5.
Re
du
ct
ion
in
brea
kdown occ
urren
c
es at
ho
l
ding
furn
ac
ere
Figure
6. Im
pr
ov
e
ment i
n
holder
en
e
rgy
consu
mp
ti
on
3.
ENERG
Y SA
VING
CA
L
C
ULATIO
N
T
O ACHI
VE I
MP
ROVEME
NT
The
e
valu
at
ion
of
t
he
im
pro
ve
ment
has
bee
n
cal
c
ulate
d
as
ene
rgy
savi
ng
w
hich
ha
s
narrow
dow
n
a
s
fo
ll
owin
g
,
first
ly
Total
meta
l
handled
by
this
ho
l
ding
f
urnac
e
for
the y
ear 2018
-
19
,
is
55000
T
ons
a
dd
e
d
with
it
the
a
ver
a
ge
energ
y
co
nsum
ption
/t
on
of
m
et
al
is
35
.26
unit
s
&
Ene
rgy
savin
g/to
n
of
meta
l
compare
d
to
la
st
year
,
2
unit
s
s
econdly
t
he
t
ot
al
energ
y
sav
ed
f
or
the
yea
r
2018
-
19
(
11
months
)
,
55
000x2=
110000
unit
s
i
n
te
rms of cost:
1,
10
.
000xRs
,
7
=7
, 70
.
00
0/=f
or this
year.
No
te
:
We
have
not co
ns
i
der
e
d t
he bene
fit o
f pro
du
ct
io
n b
y
t
his im
prov
e
me
nt
−
Investme
nt c
ost
f
or the
abo
ve i
mp
r
oveme
nts
The
fo
ll
owin
g
su
ggest
io
ns
ar
e
identifie
d
as
a
pa
rt
of
im
prov
e
ment
relat
ed
to
the
fina
nc
ia
l
aspect
i
n
the in
dustry w
hich
a
re
giv
e
n as ,
T
he
maj
or
cost in
volve
d
i
s in
the
co
il
j
oin
t m
od
i
ficat
ion
& t
he
origi
nal
le
ng
th
of
3
mete
r
wit
h
80
J
oin
t
is
re
placed
by
9
m
et
er
long
a
nd
22
joints
,
Sec
ondly
the
c
os
t
in
curred
f
or
th
e
above
coil
modific
at
ion
is
Rs
,
12.0
Lak
hs
/c
oil
thir
dly
t
he
c
ost
inc
urred
f
or
t
he
ot
her
im
pro
veme
nts
is
Rs
,
3.0
L
akhs
,
at
last
the hu
ge
sav
i
ng
s
in
t
he t
otal i
nv
est
me
nt
is
Rs
,
15.0 La
kh
s
wit
h
the
Pa
yb
ac
k pe
rio
d
is
2
y
ea
rs
No
te
:
w
e
hav
e
no
t c
onside
red
the b
e
ne
fit o
f p
rod
uction b
y
t
hi
s impro
veme
nt
.
4.
HARD
WA
RE
PHOTO
S O
F
IMP
ROVE
M
ENT
Figure
7
-
10
r
epr
ese
nts
the
t
ru
e
i
ndus
tria
l
pi
ct
ur
es
of
im
pro
veme
nt
ide
as
implants
with
res
pect
to
coil
de
sig
n
a
nd
it
s
overall
c
on
t
ro
l
aspects
.
T
he
first
fig
ure
7
represe
nts
the
c
hanges
m
ade
i
n
t
he
c
oil
desi
gn
i.e.
the
num
ber
of
joint
has
be
en
re
du
ce
d
ad
de
d
t
o
it
the
fig
ur
e
8
de
no
te
s
i
ts
ph
ys
ic
al
in
dustria
l
represe
ntati
on
in
or
der
t
o
m
onit
or
the
te
m
pe
ratur
e
le
vel
of
the
coil
the
te
mp
e
rature
c
ontr
ol
set
val
ue
has
bee
n
fixe
d
in
the
new d
e
sig
n
the
who
le
desi
gn
has bee
n
c
on
tr
olled a
utomat
ic
al
ly u
si
n
g sca
da
c
on
t
ro
l
pa
ne
l.
Figure
7. Im
pl
emet
ai
on of c
oi
l desig
n
in
the
industries
Figure
8. overa
ll
v
ie
w of i
mpr
ov
e
d
c
oil de
sig
n
in
the
industries
Figure
9. Coil
tempe
rature set
value
Figure
10. C
ontrol
pan
el
for
c
oil t
empe
ratu
re
co
ntr
ol
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Ener
gy
c
onser
vation at
hi
gh
po
we
r
cons
uming h
old
i
ng fur
na
ce
…
(
D. Ka
rthike
ya
n
)
809
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
By
impleme
nt
ing
the
i
den
ti
f
ie
d
imp
rovem
ents
at
ho
l
ding
f
urnace,
we
are
savi
ng
a
r
ound
1
La
kh
el
ect
rical
un
it
s
/year
a
par
t
fro
m
be
nef
it
s
of
pro
du
ct
io
n
a
dv
antages
.
T
he
main
r
easo
n
for
inc
rease
of
el
ect
rical
energ
y
co
nsu
mp
ti
on/t
on
of
li
qu
id
meta
l
ha
nd
li
ng
is
the
machine
br
ea
k
do
wn
s
due
to
el
ect
rical
con
t
ro
l
s
fail
ur
es
,
hydra
ulic
co
ntr
ol
fai
lures,
an
d
wat
er
le
ak
f
rom
i
nductio
n
c
oil
joints,
str
uctu
ra
l
dama
ges,
an
d
P
LC
hard
war
e
c
ompone
nts
fail
ure
.
T
he
ide
ntifie
d
im
pro
veme
nt
s
against
t
he
f
ai
lures
a
re
t
o
inco
r
porate
el
e
ct
rical
con
t
ro
ls
t
o
mi
nimize
ene
r
gy
losses
,
e
xte
r
nal
wate
r
pres
su
re
an
d
te
m
pe
ratur
e
se
ns
or
s
an
d
by
p
roviding
add
it
io
nal
wat
er
c
ooli
ng
to
the
c
oo
li
ng
ja
cket
,
&
fixi
ng
wate
r
le
vel
s
ens
or
f
or
pr
im
ary
water
ta
nk
,
a
nd
p
r
ovidin
g
a
dd
i
ti
on
al
co
ntr
ols
for
detect
in
g
earth
le
aka
ge
.
Mod
i
fy
i
ng
f
urnace
c
oil
de
sign
to
a
void
joint
fail
ur
es
,
by
r
e
placi
ng
existi
ng
coil
with
be
tt
er
coil
joint
,
i
ncr
easi
ng
t
he
le
ng
th
of
coil
from
3
mete
rs
to
9
mete
rs
t
o
re
duce
the
num
be
r
of
c
oil
joints
,
r
el
ocati
ng
the
powe
r
fee
ding
j
oin
t
t
o
a
void
inducti
on
l
os
se
s
,
a
nd
i
mp
r
ovin
g
c
oil seg
ment j
oin
ts
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
I
w
ould
li
ke
t
o
tha
nk
m
y
c
o
auth
ors
an
d
my
i
ndus
tria
l
fr
ie
nds
,
w
ho
ha
d
e
xten
de
d
t
he
ir
valua
ble
su
pp
or
t t
o
m
y
r
esearch
wo
rk
.
REFERE
NCE
S:
[1]
M.
E.
El
-
Hawar
y
,
Princ
ipl
e
of
elec
tr
ic
machine
s
with
power el
ec
t
ronic
appl
i
cation
s,
2nd
Edi
t
ion
,
June
2002
.
[2]
Paul
C.
Krause
,
Oleg
Wa
syncz
u
k
and
Scott
D.
Sudhoff
,
Analys
is
of
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tr
ic
machine
ry
and
driv
e
sys
te
ms
,
2nd
Edi
ti
on
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[3]
Nara
yan
S.
Rau
,
Optim
i
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p
rinc
iples
pr
a
ct
i
c
al
appl
i
ca
t
ions
t
o
the
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a
ti
on
of
ma
rk
et
sof
th
e
elec
tr
ic
power
industry
,
2003
.
[4]
Veda
m
Subra
manian
,
Pow
er
e
lec
troni
cs,
New
Ag
e
Int
ern
a
ti
ona
l
(
P) L
td
1996
,
R
e
print
at
2000
.
[5]
P.
C.
Sen
,
Principle
of
e
le
c
trica
l
ma
ch
ine
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pow
er
e
lectr
oni
cs
,
2
nd
Edition
,
2013
.
[6]
M
.
L.
Soni,
and
P.V.
,
Gupt
a
p
ow
er
sys
te
m
eng
ineeri
ng
,
E
d
it
ion
20
01
.
[7]
"
IEE
E
St
anda
rd
141
-
1993:
Re
co
mm
end
ed
pra
ct
i
ce
for
power
d
ist
ribut
ions
to
indu
stria
l
p
la
n
ts
,
"
IE
EE
,
1994,
DO
I:
10.
1109/IEEES
TD.
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12164
2
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[8]
"
IEE
E
Standa
rd
519
-
1992:
Recomme
nd
ed
pr
ac
t
ic
es
and
req
uir
e
me
nts
for
Har
m
onic
cont
ro
l
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
power
sys
te
ms
,
"
IE
EE
,
1993,
DO
I:
10
.
1
109/IE
E
ESTD.
1
993.
114370
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[9]
B.
H.
Han
,
I
.
K.
Chun,
S.
C
.
L
e
e,
and
S.
Y.
L
ee,
“Multich
anne
l
ma
g
ne
ti
c
stim
ul
at
ion
sys
tem
des
ign
conside
r
ing
mut
ual
coupl
ing
s
am
ong
the
sti
mul
ation
coils,”
IE
EE
Tr
ans.
Bi
ome
d.
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vol
.
51
,
no.
5
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812
–
817,
M
a
y
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4
.
[10]
V
Thi
yag
araja
n,
Micro
e
lectr
o
m
ec
han
ic
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l
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Anna
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ty,
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enna
i
,
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Rav
ic
h
andr
an
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ower elect
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i
cs
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ai,
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2013
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P.
L. Soma
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ram
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le
c
tri
c
al
ma
ch
ine
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nive
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[13]
Ta
ra
Goldsw
ort
hy
et
a
l.
HIs
m
el
t
—
Iron
ma
king
Te
chno
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the
Future[C]
//C
hina
Iron
a
nd
Stee
l
Annua
l
Mee
ti
ng
Proce
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Be
ij
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et
a
ll
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y
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ss
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[14]
Wu
Xian
,
Zh
an
g
Jian.
Distr
ibu
ti
on
and
Charac
te
ristic
of
Ch
in
a’s
Ti
t
ani
um
R
esourc
e
[J].
Tit
ani
um
Industry
Progress
,
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23(6):
8
–
12
.
[15]
Chen,
W
ei
tong
,
Chunhua
Li
u,
C
hris
tophe
r
Lee,
and
Zhi
qi
ang
S
han
,
"
Cost
eff
e
c
ti
ven
ess
com
p
ar
ison
of
coupler
designs
of
wire
l
ess
power
tra
nsf
er
for
el
e
ct
ri
c
ve
hic
l
e
dyna
mi
c
c
har
ging
,
"
Ene
rgi
es
,
vol
.
9,
no.
11
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2016
,
DO
I:
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en
9110906
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[16]
S
.
Cui,
Z
.
Z
.
L
iu
,
Y
.
J
.
Hou,
H
.
Ze
ng,
Z
.
K
.
Yue
and
L
.
H
.
L
ia
ng
,
"
Study
on
eff
i
c
ie
ncy
of
d
iffe
r
en
t
topol
ogi
es
of
ma
gne
ti
c
couple
d
resona
nt
wire
l
ess
cha
rging
sys
te
m
,"
IOP
Con
fer
enc
e
S
erie
s
Earth
and
Env
iron
mental
S
ci
en
ce
,
vol.
93
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no
.
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pp
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755
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1315/93/
1/0
12064
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[17]
Ti
anqi
ng
Li,
Xi
angz
hou
Wa
ng
,
Shuhua
Zhe
ng
,
and
Chunhua
Li
u
,
"
An
eff
icie
nt
topo
logy
for
wire
le
ss
power
tra
nsfer
over
a
wide
ran
ge
of
loa
ding
con
dit
ions
,
"
En
ergie
s
,
vol
.
11
,
no.
1,
pp
.
14
1
,
2018
,
DO
I:
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3390/e
n1101
0141
.
[18]
Paolo
Ba
te
z
zato
,
Wi
r
el
ess
b
at
t
ery
cha
rg
ing
,
Wh
it
e
-
Paper
,
ST,
Tech
nology
Tour
,
20
17.
[19]
Du
HeGui,
e
t
al.
Prin
ci
pl
es
of
S
me
lting
Vana
diu
m
-
ti
t
ani
um
Mag
net
ite
by
B
la
st
Furnac
e
[M].
B
ei
ji
ng
:
Scie
n
ce
Press
,
1996.
[20]
M.
Sara
vana
n
,
and
A.
Ramesh
Babu
,
"
High
power
densit
y
mul
ti
-
mosfet
-
b
a
sed
serie
s
reson
ant
inv
ert
er
fo
r
induc
ti
on
he
at
in
g
appl
i
cations
,"
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
JP
EDS)
,
vol.
7,
no.
1
,
Mar
ch
20
16,
pp
.
107
-
113
,
DO
I:
10.
11591
/
ij
peds.
v7
.
i1
.
pp1
07
-
113
.
[21]
M.
N.
T
andjaoui
,
C.
Benacha
iba,
O.
abd
el
kh
al
ek
,
B.
Den
ai,
and
Y.
Mouloudi
,
"
Ch
ara
c
te
ris
at
ion
an
d
mode
l
li
ng
o
f
power
e
lectr
oni
c
s
device
,
"
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
r
onic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(I
JPEDS)
,
vo
l.
5,
no
.
2
,
Octobe
r
2014
,
p
p.
135
-
14
,
DO
I:
10.
11591/
i
jpe
ds.
v5i2.
4318
.
[22]
Hus
sain
Atti
a
,
and
Ali
Sagaf
in
ia
,
"
Novel
d
iscr
et
e
com
pon
ent
s
base
d
spe
ed
c
ontrol
ler
for
in
duct
ion
mot
or
,
"
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
vol
.
7,
n
o.
4,
De
ce
mb
er
2016,
pp.
1075
-
1084
,
DO
I:
10
.
1
1591/i
jp
eds
.
v7.
i
4.
pp1075
-
1084
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
202
1
:
803
–
810
810
[23]
A.
Ali,
M.
N.
M
.
Yasin,
M.
F.
C.
Hus
in,
N.
A.
M
.
Ahmad
Ha
mb
Ali
,
"
Design
and
ana
lysis
of
2
-
coil
wire
le
ss
power
tra
nsf
er
(
WPT)
using
magnetic
coup
li
ng
t
ec
hniqu
e,
"
In
te
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
r
onic
s
and
Dr
i
ve
Syste
m
(I
JP
EDS
)
,
vol
.
10
,
no
.
2
,
pp.
611
-
616
,
Jun
e
2019,
DO
I:
10
.
11591/i
jpe
ds
.
v1
0.
i2.
pp611
-
616
.
[24]
Masood
Rehma
n,
Pe
rumal
Nal
la
gownden,
and
Zuh
ai
r
i
B
aha
r
udin
,
"
Eff
i
cienc
y
inv
esti
ga
ti
on
of
SS
and
SP
com
pensa
ti
on
to
pologi
es
for
wir
el
ess
power
tr
a
nsfer,
"
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m (I
JP
EDS
)
,
vol
.
10
,
no
.
4
,
pp.
2157
-
2164
,
Dec
em
b
er
2019
,
DO
I:
10.
11591
/
ij
peds.
v10
.
i4
.
pp
2157
-
2164
.
[25]
G.
Balamuruga
n
,
S.
Punni
akodi
,
K.
Ra
je
sw
ari,
and
V.
Arul
alan
,
"A
utom
a
ti
c
nu
mbe
r
pl
ate
r
ec
o
gnit
ion
sys
tem
using
s
uper
-
res
olut
ion
techniq
ue,
"
2015
Internat
ion
al
Conf
e
ren
ce
on
Com
puti
ng
and
Co
mm
unicati
o
ns
Te
chno
logi
es
(I
CCCT),
pp
.
273
-
277,
2015
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
D.
Ka
rthikeya
n
was
awa
rd
ed
a
B
.
E.
Degr
ee
f
rom
th
e
Elec
tr
ical
and
Elec
t
roni
c
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Depa
rtment
of
A.I.
H.T
Coll
ege,
Chenn
ai,
Ind
ia
(af
fi
liate
d
to
Anna
Univer
si
ty,
Chenna
i
,
Ind
ia
)
,
in
2009;
and
M.T
e
ch.
Gradua
ted
from
SR
MIST
(form
erl
y
SR
M
Univer
sity)
,
Katt
anku
la
thur
,
I
ndia
,
in
Pow
er
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Drive
s
in
2013
,
he
co
mpl
e
te
d
h
is
Ph.D.
in
Multi
level
Inv
ert
ers
i
n
2019.
He
cur
r
en
tl
y
works
as
an
As
sistant
profe
s
sor
at
SR
MIS
T
(form
erl
y
SR
M
Univer
sity)
in
the
De
par
t
me
nt
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
K
at
t
ankul
a
thur,
a
nd
Chennai
,
In
dia
.
His
cur
ren
t
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
inc
lud
e
powe
r
el
e
ct
roni
c
mul
t
ilevel
inv
ert
ers
,
A
C
drive
s
,
and
D
C
drive
s
.
He
is
a
m
em
ber
of
var
ious p
rofe
ss
iona
l
societie
s
such
a
s the
I
EEE,
IET,
IEI
and
ISCA
.
Arumb
u
V
P
r
ec
e
ive
d
her
B.
E.
d
egr
e
e
fro
m
the
Depa
r
tm
en
t
of
Elec
tr
ical
and
E
le
c
tronics
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Kala
sa
li
nga
m
Coll
eg
e
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
an
d
Te
chno
logy,
Chenna
i
,
India
(af
filiated
wi
th
Anna
Univer
si
ty
,
Ch
enna
i
,
India),
in
2005
;
and
her
M.
Tech.
de
gre
e
in
Pow
er
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Drive
s
fro
m
S
RMIS
T
(For
me
r
ly
SR
M
Univer
sity),
Ka
ttankul
at
hur,
Indi
a,
in
2013,
Now
she
is
doing
her
Ph.
D.
degr
ee
in
SR
MIS
T
.
She
w
as
pre
v
iously
wor
king
with
thi
ru
seve
n
hills
pol
yte
chn
ic
as
a
l
ec
tur
er
in
EE
E
dept
,
prior
to
tha
t
she
was
working
at
SA
polyt
e
chni
c
Che
nnai
,
Ind
ia.
He
r
cur
ren
t
r
ese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
Pow
er
El
ectron
ic
s,
Mult
il
ev
el
Inve
rte
rs.
P
Divya
r
ec
e
i
ved
her
B.
Sc
&
M.Sc
physi
cs
in
E
.
G.S.Pil
la
y
Arts
&
Sc
ie
nc
e
Col
le
ge
,
Naga
pattinam
t
a
mi
lna
du
,
ind
ia
(
Afflia
t
ed
to
Bh
a
rat
hid
asa
n
univ
e
rsity
trichy)
in
t
he
year
20
11
&
2012
respe
ct
iv
e
ly
she
had
co
mpl
eted
h
er
M.Phil
physi
cs
i
n
T
.
B.
M.
L.
Col
l
ege
,
Poraya
r,
Naga
pattinam.
(
Afflia
t
ed
to
Bh
ara
th
ida
san
uni
ver
sity
trichy)
now
she
is
doing
her
Ph.D
in
SR
MIS
T.
Her
ar
ea
of
rese
arc
h
in
te
rests
are Na
no
par
ticle synthe
si
s &
Non l
inear
o
pti
cs.
Vijayak
umar
Kr
ish
nas
amy
rec
e
ive
d
his
B
.
E
.
and
M.E
.
d
egr
ee
s
fro
m
Anna
ma
l
ai
Univ
ersity,
Annama
l
ai
Nag
ar,
Ind
ia
;
and
h
is
Ph.D.
degr
ee
from
SR
MIS
T
(Former
ly
SR
M
Univer
sity),
Katt
anku
la
thur
,
India
.
He
is
pr
ese
ntl
y
working
as
a
Profess
or
and
as
the
Hea
d
of
t
he
Dep
art
m
en
t
of
Elec
tri
c
al
and
Elec
troni
cs
Eng
ine
er
ing
of
SR
MIS
T
(Former
ly
SR
M
Univer
sit
y).
His
cur
r
ent
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
ests
include
pow
er
sys
tem
mod
el
ing
,
power
elec
tron
ic
s
converte
rs
for
grid
-
conne
c
te
d
PV
sys
te
ms,
co
mpu
ta
ti
on
al
intellig
enc
e
applic
at
io
ns
in
power
sy
stem
s,
FA
CTS
devi
c
es,
and
po
wer
qua
li
ty
.
He
has
be
en
awa
rde
d
th
e
B
est
Teac
her
Aw
ard
in
hi
s
depa
r
tm
en
t
fo
r
the
academic
ye
ars
2004
and
20
06.
He
is
a
m
ember
of
var
ious
pr
ofe
ss
iona
l
societ
ie
s
such
as
the
IEE
E
,
I
ET
,
FIE
,
ISTE,
and
ISCA
.
K
Mani
Rah
ulan
rec
e
ive
d
his
M.Sc
&
Ph.D
(mate
ri
al
sci
en
ce
)
at
Anna
un
i
ver
sity
gu
indy
Chenna
i
ta
m
il
na
du
indi
a
,
in
th
e
yea
r
2006
&
2013
respe
ctively.
He
cur
r
ent
ly
works
as
an
As
sistant
profe
s
sor
at
SR
MIS
T
(form
erl
y
SR
M
Univer
sity)
in
t
he
d
epa
r
tm
en
t
o
f
physics
and
nanot
e
chn
ology.his
cur
ren
t
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
in
cl
udes
Nano
p
a
rti
cle
synth
esis
&
Non
li
n
ea
r
opti
cs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.