Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
1481
~
1490
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
1481
-
1490
1481
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Volta
ge profil
e and p
owe
r qualit
y im
provem
en
t
in
photo
vo
l
taic
farms i
nte
grated
medium
vo
lt
age grid
using
dynami
c volta
ge
restor
er
Ab
delkri
m
Be
na
li
1
,
Mounir
Khia
t
2
,
Moulo
ud
Den
ai
3
1,2
SC
AM
RE
La
bora
tory, Depa
r
t
me
nt
of Electric
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
M
-
Audin
Ec
ol
e
polyt
e
chni
que
,
Alger
ia.
2
Univer
sity
of
H
ert
fordshire
,
U
ni
te
d
K
ingdo
m
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
9
, 2
01
9
Re
vised
N
ov
9
, 201
9
Accepte
d
Fe
b
15
, 20
20
In
thi
s
pape
r
,
we
hav
e
pre
sent
e
d
a
simul
at
ion
s
tudy
to
an
al
y
ze
the
power
qual
i
ty
of
th
ree
phase
s
m
edi
u
m
voltage
grid
connect
ed
wit
h
distri
but
ion
gene
ra
ti
on
(DG
)
such
as
photov
olt
aic
(PV
)
far
ms
and
i
ts
cont
r
ol
sch
em
es
.
The
sys
te
m
uses
two
-
stage
ene
rg
y
conve
rsi
on
top
ology
com
posed
of
a
DC
t
o
DC
boost
converte
r
for
the
ext
r
a
ct
ion
of
ma
x
im
u
m
power
av
ai
l
ab
le
from
the
solar
PV
sys
te
m
base
d
on
in
crem
ent
a
l
indu
ct
an
ce
te
chn
ique
and
a
thre
e
-
le
ve
l
volt
ag
e
sourc
e
i
nver
te
r
(VS
I)
t
o
conn
ec
t
PV
f
arm
to
the
pow
er
gr
id.
To
mai
nt
ai
n
the
g
rid
vol
ta
ge
an
d
fre
qu
enc
y
w
it
hin
tolera
n
ce
foll
owing
disturba
nc
e
s
suc
h
as
vo
lt
ag
e
sw
el
ls
and
sags
,
a
fuz
zy
logic
-
base
d
Dynamic
Volta
ge
Restor
e
r
is
proposed.
T
he
ro
le
of
the
D
VR
is
to
pro
tect
cri
tica
l
loa
ds
from
disturba
n
c
es
com
ing
fro
m
the
n
et
wo
rk.
Diffe
ren
t
fau
l
t
condi
t
ions
sce
nar
ios
a
re
t
este
d
and
the
r
esul
ts
such
as
voltag
e
stabilit
y
,
re
al
a
nd
rea
c
ti
v
e
powers,
cur
r
ent
and
power
fa
ct
or
at
th
e
poin
t
of
c
omm
on
coupl
in
g
(PCC
)
ar
e
com
par
ed
wit
h
a
nd
without the D
VR sys
te
m.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
DVR
Inver
te
r
(
VSI)
Photo
vo
lt
ai
c
Power fact
or
Re
act
ive pow
e
r
Vo
lt
age
stabil
it
y
This
i
s an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Abdelk
rim Be
nali
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Tech
no
l
ogy,
NOUR Bac
hir Un
i
ver
sit
y C
en
te
r,
El Ba
yadh, Alge
ria.
.
Emai
l:
b
enali
a
bd@
yaho
o.
f
r
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
capaci
t
y
of
renewa
ble
e
ne
rgy
is
set
to
i
ncr
ease
by
50
%
betwee
n
20
19
a
nd
2024
in
t
he
la
te
st
forecast
s o
f
t
he
In
te
rn
at
io
nal En
er
gy A
ge
nc
y
f
or
5
yea
rs
a
nd
so
la
r
P
V
c
ontr
ols
the
la
r
ge
st
pro
portion
of
them
.
This
re
pr
e
sent
s
an
inc
rease
of
1,200
GW,
wh
ic
h
co
rr
es
ponds
to
the
t
otal
instal
le
d
capaci
ty
of
the
Un
it
ed
Stat
es tod
a
y.
S
olar
P
V
al
one
r
epr
ese
nts a
bout
6
0% of t
his pro
je
ct
ed g
rowt
h
[
1
]
. In
2016; nearl
y
80
GW
of
PV
pan
el
s
we
re
i
nst
al
le
d
w
or
l
dwide
[
2].
T
his
c
orres
ponds,
i
n
aver
a
ge,
to
t
he
instal
la
ti
on
of
more
tha
n
31,
000
P
V
pan
el
s
pe
r
hour
a
nd
re
pr
e
s
ent
s
a
gro
wth
of
48%
c
ompa
red
to
2015.
The
glo
bal
instal
le
d
c
apacit
y
for
so
l
ar
P
V
reache
d
303
G
W
i
n
2016.
Th
e
ori
entat
io
n
of
Chi
na's
e
ne
rgy
po
li
ci
es
t
ow
a
rd
s
re
ne
wab
le
energies
has
m
ade
it
the
w
or
l
d
le
ad
er
in
s
olar
P
V
with
instal
le
d
capaci
ty
in
2018
of
45
G
W
(cumulat
ive
c
apacit
y
of
176
GW),
India
is
the
se
cond
gl
ob
al
le
ader
wit
h
11
GW
a
nd
the
Un
it
ed
Stat
es
come
s
in
3r
d
with
10.
6
G
W
,
cl
os
el
y
fo
ll
owe
d
by
J
apan
with
a
c
umulat
ive
of
56
GW.
Ge
r
man
y
is
f
ourt
h
with
45.
4
GW
[1,3
].
S
ol
ar
is
a
n
inh
e
ren
tl
y
ti
me
-
va
ry
i
ng
s
ourc
e
of
ene
r
gy
due
to
the
var
ia
bili
ty
of
t
he
sun
’
s
ir
rad
ia
nce
thr
oughout
t
he
da
y
a
n
d
acro
s
s
t
he
seas
on
s
.
Th
us
,
the
integrati
on
of
su
c
h
st
och
a
sti
c
an
d
un
pr
e
dicta
ble
ren
e
wa
ble
ene
r
gy
s
ource
s
int
o
the
net
wor
k
poses
ne
w
c
halle
ng
e
s
to
gri
d
op
e
rato
rs
i
n
m
ai
nt
ai
ning
a
st
able
sec
ur
e
en
ergy
s
uppl
y.
T
his
ca
n
cause
power
qual
it
y
issues
due to the
a
ppea
ran
ce
of
phen
ome
na
li
ke fli
ck
ers,
fa
ult ride t
hro
ugh,
vo
lt
a
ge
d
ips /
swell
s,
high
vo
lt
age
ri
de
-
th
r
ough
(
HV
RT
)
a
nd
lo
w
volt
age
ride
th
r
ough
(
LVRT)
,
harmo
nic
re
sona
nce,
ph
a
se
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
81
–
14
90
1482
imbala
nce
or
low
powe
r
factor
w
hich
a
re
a
mong
the
maj
or
co
nce
rn
s
of
powe
r
util
it
ie
s
a
nd
re
gu
la
to
rs.
Power
qu
al
it
y
iss
ues
will
b
eco
me c
r
ucial
as r
e
ne
w
able ene
r
gy sour
ces
p
e
netrati
on inc
reases
[3
-
5].
In
pr
act
ic
e,
vo
lt
age
sa
g
an
d
harmo
nics
are
the
majo
r
pro
bl
ems
in
a
pow
er
s
ys
te
m
.
The
y
can
ca
us
e
malfu
nctio
ning
or
trip
ping
of
e
qu
i
pm
e
nt
and
ma
ny
ot
her
pr
ob
le
ms
on
the
powe
r
sy
ste
m
.
Ele
ct
rici
ty
gen
e
rati
on
f
rom
so
la
r
ene
rgy
has
been
one
of
t
he
fastest
gro
wing
te
ch
nology
a
nd
has
be
come,
gl
ob
al
l
y,
the
mo
st
pro
misi
ng
re
ne
wab
le
e
nerg
y
res
ource
[
3
].
In
[
6],
t
he
a
uthors
a
ppli
ed
a
Dyna
mic
V
oltage
Re
storer
(DVR)
to
e
nh
a
nce
t
he
pow
er
qu
al
it
y
an
d
the
l
ow
vo
lt
age
ride
thr
ou
gh
(
LVRT
)
ca
pab
il
it
y
of
a
hybri
d
distrib
ution
ge
ner
at
io
n
(
D
G
)
sy
ste
m
co
nnect
ed
to
a
t
hr
ee
-
phase
m
e
diu
m
-
vo
lt
age
netw
ork.
In
[7],
a
com
pr
e
he
ns
ive
rev
ie
w
of
sev
e
ral
co
ntro
l
sc
he
mes
to
e
nh
a
nc
e
the
LVRT
c
apab
i
li
ty
of
gr
i
d
-
feed
i
ng
c
onve
rters
is
presente
d.
T
he
pa
per
al
so
di
scusses
the
re
sp
ect
ive
ad
va
nt
ages
a
nd
li
mit
at
ion
s
of
eac
h
con
t
ro
l
strat
eg
y.
The
auth
or
s
in
[8
-
9],
disc
us
se
d
t
he
use
of
PV
-
ba
sed
D
VR
t
o
com
pensat
e
a
nd
safe
gu
a
r
d
t
he
po
wer
qu
al
it
y
a
nd
mainta
in
vo
lt
a
ge
sta
bili
ty
be
tween
the
PC
C
and
t
he
dist
rib
ution
netw
ork
.
A
novel
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
e
gy
of
t
he
DV
R
is
pro
pose
d
f
or
t
he
mit
igati
on
vo
l
ta
ge
distu
r
bances
su
c
h
as
sags
a
nd
swe
ll
s.
In
[10
-
14
],
the
impleme
ntati
on
of
a
Dynam
ic
V
oltage
Re
store
r
for
volt
age
qual
it
y
im
pro
veme
nt
in
t
he
sy
ste
m
inte
gr
at
e
d
with
Distrib
ute
d
ge
ner
at
io
n
(
DG).
T
he
aut
hors
highli
gh
t
t
he
wa
ys
to
s
pe
ed
up
the
te
ch
no
l
ogy
de
vel
opme
nt
towa
rd
s
t
he
extensi
ve
integ
r
at
ion
of
the
D
VR
in
the
ne
a
r
f
utu
re
.
As
m
entione
d
a
bove
;
the
DV
R
c
an
be
integrate
d
i
nto
the
netw
ork
in
se
ve
ral
co
nt
ro
l
c
onfi
gurati
on
s
to
ove
rcome
the
pr
ob
le
ms
r
el
at
ed
to
powe
r
qu
al
it
y.
I
n
this
w
ork,
t
he
DVR
is
integrate
d
to
a
powe
r
gr
i
d
c
onnected
to
a
PV
fa
rm
i
n
order
to
mit
igate
the
intermit
te
ncy
a
nd
va
riabil
it
y
of
s
olar
e
nerg
y
and
ove
rcome
gr
i
d
fa
ults
ca
use
d
by
volt
age
s
ags
a
nd
s
well
at
the
PCC
.
The
pro
po
s
ed
D
VR
c
on
t
ro
l
sc
heme
empl
oy
s
a
f
uz
zy
lo
gic
co
nt
ro
ll
er
a
nd
an
i
n
-
phase
c
omp
ensati
o
n
te
chn
iq
ue. T
he
d
esi
gn
e
d D
V
R an
d
the
elec
tric
syst
em are
evaluate
d unde
r vario
us fa
ult condit
ions.
The re
maini
ng
of
t
he pape
r
is
orga
nized
as
f
ol
lows
: Sect
io
n 2 descri
bes
the
p
r
opose
d
t
opol
ogy of
t
he
PV
farms
c
onne
ct
ed
to
t
he
D
VR
an
d
ti
ed
to
the
gr
id
.
In
Se
ct
ion
3,
t
he
str
uctu
re
of
DC
t
o
DC
an
d
DC
to
AC
conve
rters
m
odel
s
are
dev
el
oped
.
Th
e
D
VR
topolo
gy
a
nd
it
s
basic
co
ntr
ol
scheme
a
re
de
scribe
d
in
Sect
ion
4.
Sect
ion
5
pr
es
ents
a
series
of
simulat
io
n
r
esults
to
dem
onstrat
e
the
im
pro
veme
nt
of
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
an
d
powe
r
c
on
tr
ollabil
it
y
with
the
prop
os
ed
DV
R ci
rcu
it
. C
on
c
lusio
ns
of the
pa
per are
summ
arized i
n
Sec
ti
on 6.
2.
PROP
OSE
D SIM
ULATE
D
SC
E
NARI
OS
AND NET
W
ORK T
OPOL
OGY E
SEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
pro
po
se
d
powe
r
s
ys
te
m model
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
I
t
is
com
posed
o
f
fiv
e
P
V
fa
r
ms
of 100
kW
each.
T
he
PV
far
m
s
are
i
nter
faced
t
o
the
di
stribu
ti
on
gr
i
d
thr
ough
a
th
r
ee
phase
P
MW
in
ver
te
r
a
nd
th
ree
-
ph
a
se alt
ernat
ing cu
rr
e
nt c
hoke fil
te
r.
Figure
1. P
ow
e
r
s
ys
te
m
model
stu
died
i
nclu
di
ng
five
P
V
fa
r
ms inte
gr
at
e
d
t
o gr
i
d
a
nd
co
nnect
ed
t
o
t
he D
VR.
The
five
P
V
fa
rms
ha
ve
t
he
s
ame
po
wer
rati
ng
an
d
same
t
opol
ogy.
H
owe
ver,
eac
h
far
m
i
s
simulat
ed
with
diff
e
re
nt s
olar
ir
ra
diati
on as s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge pro
fi
le
and powe
r
qu
alit
y imp
r
ove
m
ent in p
ho
t
o
v
oltaic f
arms inte
gr
ate
d me
dium
…
(A
.
Be
na
li
)
1483
Figure
2.
So
la
r
irrad
ia
nce
s
of t
he five
PV
fa
r
m
s.
3.
MO
DELIN
G
OF THE P
V CEL
L A
ND CON
VERTER
S
The
P
V
cel
l
model
us
e
d
i
n
the
pa
per
is
base
d
on
the
tw
o
-
diode
eq
uiv
al
ent
ci
r
cuit
m
odel
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e 3
.
Figure
3. P
V
c
el
l equ
iv
al
ent c
ircuit
m
od
el
[
15]
The
ex
pressi
on
o
f
the
I
-
V
cu
r
ve
desc
ribi
ng
t
he
eq
uiv
al
e
nt circuit sh
own of Figure 3
is
give
n
in term
s
of the t
otal ce
ll
curre
nt [1
5]
:
=
ph
−
d1
−
d2
−
+
I
R
(1)
=
ph
−
s1
(
+
I
R
kT
−
1
)
−
s2
(
+
I
R
kT
−
1
)
(2)
η i
s the id
e
al
it
y fact
or.
The
P
V
Mo
dule
an
d
PV
fi
el
d
are
m
od
el
ed
by
co
ns
ide
rin
g
that
al
l
t
he
P
V
cel
ls
a
re
e
xtremel
y
identic
al
a
nd
ha
ve
the
same
a
mb
ie
nt
c
on
diti
on
s
.
I
f
t
her
e
a
re
N
s
cel
ls
c
onnected
in
se
ries
a
nd
N
p
i
n
pa
rall
el
then
the
se
ries
resist
ance
R
s
a
nd
par
al
le
l
resist
ance
R
p
a
re
s
cal
ed
by
a
fact
o
r
of
N
s
/N
p
as
s
how
n
i
n
e
quat
ion
(3)
belo
w [15]:
p,f
i
eld
=
.
p,c
ell
(
3)
The
PV
powe
r
co
nversi
on
is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
a
M
a
xim
um
P
ower
P
oin
t
Trac
king
al
gorit
hm
to
e
xtract
the
ma
xim
um
powe
r
via
DC
to
DC
c
onve
rter
of
a
hi
gh
e
ffi
ci
ency
that
act
s
as
an
op
ti
mal
el
ect
rical
loa
d
f
or
a
PV
cel
l,
mo
st
of
te
n
f
or
ar
ra
y
or
s
olar
pan
el
,
an
d
c
onve
rts
the
power
int
o
a
volt
age
or
curre
nt
le
vel
that
is
bette
r
s
uited
t
o
the
l
oad
that
t
he
s
ys
te
m
is
de
sign
e
d
t
o
pro
vid
e.
P
V
cel
ls
hav
e
a
sin
gle
operati
ng
point
wh
e
r
e
the
c
urren
t
(
I)
and
vo
lt
age
(V)
values
of
the
cel
l
res
ult
in
maxim
um
out
pu
t
po
wer
[
16]
.
Fi
gure
4
s
hows
t
he
I
–
V
c
ha
racteri
sti
c
of
the
P
V
m
odule.
T
he
sh
ort
-
ci
rc
uit
c
urren
t,
op
e
n
-
ci
rcu
it
volt
age
a
nd
ma
xim
um
powe
r
po
i
nts ar
e
h
i
ghli
gh
te
d o
n
t
he
I
-
V cu
rv
e
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
81
–
14
90
1484
Figure
4. I
-
V
a
nd P
-
V
c
urve
s
of a P
hot
ovolta
ic
modu
le
f
or
va
ry
i
ng so
la
r
ir
r
adiat
ion
le
vels
at
a
te
mp
erat
ur
e
of
25°C
As
s
how
n
in
F
igure
4,
the
MPP
def
ine
s
the
maxim
um
pow
er
P
MP
=
V
MP
I
MP
ob
ta
inable
f
rom
the
PV
modu
le
.
T
he v
oltage
V
MP
is f
ound
by s
olv
in
g:
d
P
pv
d
V
pv
|
=
MP
=
(
pv
pv
)
d
V
pv
|
=
MP
=
1
+
pv
d
I
pv
d
V
pv
|
=
MP
=
0
(4)
The
c
urre
nt I
MP
is t
hen d
et
e
r
mined b
y
e
val
uating E
qu
at
io
n (1) at
V
=
V
MP
[1
7].
The
PV
a
rr
a
y
consi
der
e
d
in
this
sim
ula
ti
on
study
c
onsist
s
of
se
ven
(
7)
m
odules
i
n
serie
s
an
d
(
47
)
par
al
le
l
strin
gs
in
orde
r
to
ge
ner
at
e
100
kW
at
so
la
r
ir
rad
i
ance
of
1000
W/m²
a
nd
a
n
ou
t
pu
t
DC
vol
ta
ge
of
380V.
T
he
re
are
se
ver
al
MPPT
met
hods
avail
able
in
the
li
te
ratur
e
[18].I
n
this
w
ork,
t
he
In
c
re
mental
Cond
uctance
(
In
C
)
al
gorith
m
w
hich
ca
n
b
e
re
ga
rd
e
d
as
an
im
pro
ve
d
ve
rsion
of
the
popula
r
P&O
is
employe
d[1
5]
.
This met
hod w
as prop
os
e
d
to
handle
rap
i
dly
changin
g
at
mosphe
ric c
onditi
on
s
[1
9]
.
The gra
dient
of the
po
wer
c
ur
ve
is:
d
P
PV
d
V
PV
=
0
⇒
d
I
PV
d
V
PV
=
PV
PV
(5)
d
P
PV
d
V
PV
=
(
PV
PV
)
d
V
PV
=
PV
+
PV
d
I
PV
d
V
PV
(
6)
M
ulti
pl
ying
both sides
by 1/V
PV
le
ads
to:
1
PV
d
P
PV
d
V
PV
=
PV
PV
+
d
I
PV
d
V
PV
=
PV
+
d
G
PV
(7)
Wh
e
re
G
a
nd
dG
denote the
c
onduct
ance
an
d
inc
reme
ntal
cond
uctance
r
e
sp
ect
ively
.
The
DC
to
D
C
co
nverter
is
use
d
to
c
hange
t
he
volt
age
le
vel
of
a
D
C
sou
rce.
The
in
du
ct
or
a
nd
capaci
tors
pa
ra
mete
r
val
ues
in
the
bo
os
t
co
nv
erter
ci
rc
uit
are
:
C=
0,
1mF,
C
1=
C2=1
2
m
F,
L
1=5
mH.
Ba
se
d
on
the
insta
ntane
ou
s
values
of
the
c
urre
nt
a
nd
volt
age
,
th
e
duty
cycle
of
the
boost
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter
is
con
ti
nu
ously
a
dju
ste
d
by
t
he
M
PP
T
c
ontr
oller
t
o
e
nsure
t
ha
t
the
P
V
ge
ne
rator
al
way
s
operates
at
it
s
M
PP
for
any
ir
rad
ia
nce
and
te
m
per
at
ure
co
ndit
ion
s
[15].
In
high
volt
age
a
nd
hi
gh
powe
r
ap
plica
ti
on
s
,
it
is
s
uitab
le
to
op
e
rate
with
hi
gh
volt
ages
to
keep
t
he
c
urre
nts
withi
n
reas
on
a
ble
le
vels.
This
ne
eds
t
he
DC
bus
vo
lt
a
ge
V
d
to
exceed
the
vo
l
ta
ge
rati
ng
s
of
the
co
nverter
powe
r
s
witc
he
s
[
20
].
T
her
e
f
ore
,
i
nteg
rati
on
of
re
ne
wab
le
e
nerg
y
can
ca
us
e
se
riou
s
po
wer
qua
li
ty
issues.
A
mong
t
hese,
th
e
harmo
nics
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
i
n
inv
e
rters
a
nd
injec
te
d
into
gr
id
are
of
m
aj
or
c
on
ce
r
n
[
21
-
23].
For
li
near
m
odula
ti
on
(i.e
.
f
or
a
mp
li
tud
e
m
odulati
on
facto
r
m
a
≤
1
)
the
am
pl
it
ud
e
of
the
first
ha
r
monics
c
hange
s
li
near
l
y
acc
ordi
ng
l
y
to
the
change
of
t
he
amplit
ude
m
od
ulati
on
factor, s
o
t
he
e
xpressi
on for p
hase
volt
age
ha
s the
form:
1,L
N
=
DC
2
(8)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge pro
fi
le
and powe
r
qu
alit
y imp
r
ove
m
ent in p
ho
t
o
v
oltaic f
arms inte
gr
ate
d me
dium
…
(A
.
Be
na
li
)
1485
4.
DVR
TO
POL
OGY
The
D
ynamic
Vo
lt
age
Re
st
orer
c
onsist
s
of
a
V
oltage
S
our
ce
Co
nverter
(
VS
C)
,
a
s
witc
hing
c
ontr
ol
scheme
,
a
n
e
ne
rgy
sto
rag
e
de
vice
a
nd
a
c
ouplin
g
tra
ns
f
or
mer
co
nnect
ed
in
se
ries
with
the
AC
s
ys
te
m.
The
DV
R
c
a
n
be
ap
plied
to
a
var
ie
ty
of
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
and
reli
abili
ty
pro
blems
in
cl
ud
in
g
dip
volt
age
com
pensat
ion,
vo
lt
a
ge
unbal
ance,
volt
age
r
egu
la
ti
on,
ha
rm
on
ic
is
olati
on,
powe
r
fact
or
c
orrecti
on
and
powe
r
ou
ta
ges.
T
her
e
fore,
it
can
pro
vid
e
protect
ion
a
gain
st
an
y
sags
,
s
w
el
ls,
an
d
la
r
ge
fl
uctuati
ons
i
n
t
he
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urren
t
li
ne
vo
lt
a
ge
[
24].
T
he
DV
R
injec
ts
a
th
ree
pha
se
A
C
volt
age
in
s
eries
a
nd
s
ync
hro
nized
with
t
he
distri
bu
ti
on
fee
de
r
vo
lt
age
s
of
t
he
AC
power
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
a
mp
li
tud
e
a
nd
ph
a
se
of
t
he
i
nject
ed
vol
ta
ge
ca
n
be
va
ried
to
re
gu
la
te
the
e
xc
ha
ng
e
of
act
ive
a
nd
reacti
ve
po
wer
s
betwee
n
the
DV
R
a
nd
powe
r
sy
ste
m
wit
hi
n
pr
e
determi
ne
d
li
mit
s
ne
gativ
e
(
powe
r
a
bs
orptio
n)
a
nd
posit
ive
(po
wer
injec
ti
on)
[24
].
T
he
DV
R
can
pr
ovide
har
m
onic
i
so
la
ti
on
to
pre
ven
t
ha
rm
o
nic
s
in
t
he
s
ource
volt
age
from
reachi
ng
t
he
l
oad.
In
add
it
io
n,
t
he D
VR also
pr
ov
i
de
s volt
age
bala
ncin
g
a
nd v
olt
age
regulat
ion
[24].
The ge
ner
al
c
onfi
gurati
on of
a DVR i
ncl
ud
e
s:
−
In
je
ct
io
n/Bo
ost
er transf
ormer
−
Harmo
nic f
il
te
r
−
Stor
a
ge de
vice
−
Vo
lt
age
S
ourc
e C
onve
rter
−
DC c
hargin
g
ci
rcu
it
−
Con
tr
ol a
nd P
r
otect
ion
sy
ste
m
The D
VR injec
t a v
oltage a
mpl
it
ud
e ca
n be
e
xpresse
d
as:
D
VR
=
Lo
+
TH
Lo
−
TH
(9)
Wh
e
re
V
Lo
is
the
loa
d
volt
age
ma
gnit
ud
e
, Z
T
H
is
the
loa
d
im
ped
a
nce,
V
TH
de
no
te
s
the
s
ys
t
em vol
ta
ge
durin
g fault c
onditi
on a
nd I
Lo
represe
nts the
l
oad cu
rr
e
nt
whic
h
is
done b
y:
Lo
=
Lo
+
Lo
Lo
(
10)
Wh
e
n
V
Lo
is c
on
si
der
e
d
a
s a
ref
e
ren
ce
equat
ion
ca
n be
re
w
ritt
en
D
VR
=
Lo
∠
0
+
TH
∠
−
I
Lo
∠
0
−
TH
∠
(11)
=
−
1
(
Lo
Lo
)
(12)
The
c
omplex
pow
e
r
i
nject
ion
of DVR ca
n be
w
ritt
en
as:
D
VR
=
D
VR
Lo
∗
(
13)
On
l
y
the
r
e
quir
ed react
ive
power i
s
injec
te
d
wh
ic
h
ca
n be
pro
vid
e
d b
y
the
DV
R i
tse
lf
[24].
5.
VOLTA
GE S
TABIL
ITY
A
ND P
O
WER
CONTR
OLL
ABILIT
Y
:
SI
MU
L
ATIO
N RESULTS
T
o
eval
uate
t
he
c
on
tri
bu
ti
on
impact
of
D
-
F
ACTS
to
the
P
V
fa
rms
ti
ed
to
gri
d,
we
ha
ve
c
ho
se
n
the
DV
R
as
case
of
stu
dy.
T
he
DV
R
has
a
po
wer
rati
ng
of
4MV
A
a
nd
is
us
e
d
to
re
gula
te
volt
age
on
a
30
kV
distrib
ution
gri
d
co
nnect
ed
to
bu
s
B
2.
On
e
f
eeder
tra
nsmi
ts
power
t
o
a
loc
al
load
co
nnect
ed
at
bus
B3
w
hic
h
represe
nts
a
plant
co
ntin
uousl
y
abs
orbi
ng
f
luctuat
in
g
cu
rrents,
th
us
c
aus
es
volt
age
flic
ker.
an
ap
pro
pri
at
e
vo
lt
age
is
i
nject
ed
by
the
D
V
R
in
order
to
r
egu
la
te
t
he
vo
l
ta
ge
of
t
he
bus
B1
a
nd
B
3.
T
his
vo
lt
age
tra
ns
fe
r
is
done
th
rou
gh
t
he
reacta
nc
e
of
t
he
c
ou
pling
trans
forme
r
by
pr
oducin
g
a
s
econda
ry
vo
lt
a
ge
i
n
phase
w
it
h
the
pr
ima
ry
vo
lt
ag
e
(
gr
i
d
side
).T
he
sim
ulati
on
scenari
o
c
onsidere
d
i
n
t
his
c
ase
stu
dy
c
on
s
ist
s
of
cr
eat
in
g
tw
o
fau
lt
s
of
0.3
se
cond
durati
on
each
durin
g
a
s
imulat
ion
ti
me
of
t
hr
ee
seco
nds.
T
he
first
fa
ult
is
a
swell
volt
ag
e
create
d
bet
wee
n
0.8
a
nd
1.1
s
econds
an
d
the
seco
nd
fau
lt
i
s
a
sa
g
volt
age
fa
ult
set
betw
een
1.2
5
sec
on
ds
t
o
1.55
seco
nds,
a
s
show
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
5
. Th
e
swe
ll
vo
lt
age f
ault i
s
simulat
ed
as
an
inc
rease o
f
2
0%
of
the no
minal
vo
lt
age
whil
e t
he
sa
g v
oltage
was
set
t
o decr
ease b
y 1
0% of n
om
inal
volt
age.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
81
–
14
90
1486
Figure
5. The
s
ag
a
nd s
well
volt
age ma
gn
it
ud
e
cur
ves
at
point c
om
m
on
c
ouplin
g.
The
sce
na
rios of simulat
io
n
a
re:
−
DV
R
disc
onne
ct
ed,
a
nd no fa
ult
ap
plied.
−
DV
R
disc
onne
ct
ed
with
a
faul
t app
li
ed
.
−
DV
R i
n o
per
at
ion
with
same
scenari
os
as
abov
e
.
Durin
g
no
rmal
op
e
rati
on,
the
dynamic
vo
lt
age
rest
or
e
r
re
mains
in
sta
ndby
mode.
W
he
n
a
volt
age
swell
occ
urs,
t
he
c
on
t
ro
l
de
vice
detect
s
the
f
ault
in
th
e
s
ytem
an
d
t
he
DVR
injec
ts
the
a
ppr
opriat
e
volt
age
a
s
seen i
n
Fi
gures
6
,
7 an
d 8.
Figure
6.
P
has
e volt
age at
point co
mm
on c
ouplin
g d
ur
i
ng s
ag
a
nd s
well
f
a
ults.
Wh
e
n
the
swel
l
vo
lt
age
ha
ppens
at
0.8
s
eco
nd,
the
DV
R
i
nject
s
a
com
pe
ns
at
in
g
volt
age
and
a
fter
a
transient last
in
g
a
ppr
ox
imat
el
y 0.113
1
sec
on
d,
t
he
ste
a
dy stat
e is reac
hed a
s sho
wn in Fi
gure
7.
Figure
7. P
has
e volt
age at
PCC
dur
in
g swell
fau
lt
In
t
he
case
of
vo
lt
a
ge
sag
oc
currin
g
at
1.2
5
seco
nd
s
the
gri
d
vo
lt
age
at
the
PCC
rea
che
s
the
ste
ad
y
sta
te
after 2 c
yc
le
s which c
orr
esp
onds
t
o
a
pproximat
el
y 0.0
36 sec
onds
a
s s
een in Fig
ure
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge pro
fi
le
and powe
r
qu
alit
y imp
r
ove
m
ent in p
ho
t
o
v
oltaic f
arms inte
gr
ate
d me
dium
…
(A
.
Be
na
li
)
1487
Figure
8. P
has
e volt
age
durin
g
sa
g fault at
point c
om
m
o
n
c
ouplin
g
The
act
ive
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
rs
a
re
see
n
i
n
F
igures
9
a
nd
10
res
pecti
vely
.
In
Fi
gure
9
a
nd
duri
ng
t
he
swell
fa
ult,
we
can
obser
ve
s
mall
overs
hoot
s
an
d
osc
il
la
tio
ns
in
t
he
act
i
ve
powe
r
f
or
2
c
ycles
of
t
ra
ns
ie
nt
wh
e
n
t
he
D
VR
is
not
in
op
e
ra
ti
on
,
but
the
osc
il
la
ti
on
s
are
c
omplet
el
y
da
m
ped
w
he
n
the
DV
R
is
switc
he
d
on.
Fo
r
a
sa
g
fa
ult
and
with
out
D
VR,
t
he
gr
i
d
volt
age
e
xhibit
s
a
la
r
ge
tra
ns
ie
nt
la
sti
ng
f
or
9
cycles
w
hich,
again,
is com
plete
ly
da
mp
e
d wh
e
n
t
he
DVR is i
nt
rodu
ce
d.
F
igure
9. I
nject
ed
act
ive
pow
e
r
P
V far
ms to
netw
ork
As
de
picte
d
i
n
Figure
10
t
he
r
eact
ive
powe
r
flo
w
at
the
PC
C
durin
g
tw
o
f
aults
an
d
duri
ng
the
s
well
fau
lt
t
he
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s
of
react
ive
powe
r
a
re
more
im
porta
nt
as
c
ompa
red
to
the
case
of
sag
fa
ult
w
he
r
e
t
he
ov
e
rs
hoots
a
re
small
er
in
mag
nitud
e
with
the
DV
R
co
ntribu
ti
on
.
In
the
cas
e
of
volt
age
sa
g
fa
ult
an
d
withou
t
the DVR,
the
f
low o
f
reacti
ve
pow
e
r
i
ncr
eas
es in
mag
nitu
de
, d
i
recti
on and
durati
on.
Af
te
r
a
s
hort
os
ci
ll
at
ion
a
ppearin
g
at
the
on
s
et
of
the
f
ault
,
the
reacti
ve
power
ex
hi
bits
a
la
rg
e
ov
e
rs
hoot
at
1.3
9
sec
onds
c
orres
pondin
g
t
o
a
n
injec
ti
on
of
+
181.2
kVar
.
T
he
reac
ti
ve
powe
r
s
udde
nly
decr
ease
d
to
-
139.1
kV
a
r
at
1.535
sec
onds,
then
a
fter
se
ve
ral
os
ci
ll
at
ions
the
sy
ste
m’s
normal
op
e
rati
on
is
resto
red
a
t
the
end
of
t
he
sa
g
fau
l
t
at
1.9
57
s
econds
co
mp
a
r
ed
with
t
he
cas
e
with
D
VR
c
on
t
rib
ution
w
he
re
it
can
be obse
r
ve
d
that t
he oscil
la
ti
on
s
ha
ve be
en
c
omplet
el
y dam
ped at 1
.
699
sec
onds.
Figure
10. Rea
ct
ive pow
e
r flo
w
at
PCC
Figure
11
sho
ws
the
total
c
ur
ren
t
s
upplied
from
t
he
PV
fa
rms
to
th
e
l
oad
a
nd
t
he
gr
id.
It
ca
n
be
ob
s
er
ved
t
hat
durin
g
volt
age
swell
the
curr
ent
has
decr
ea
sed
f
rom
11.
26
A
to
9.1
6
A
in
the
case
w
he
re
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
81
–
14
90
1488
DV
R
is
not
in
operati
on.
T
he
re
is
a
re
duct
ion
i
n
the
c
urr
ent
des
pite
a
vo
lt
age
inc
r
ea
se
(s
well
fau
lt
).
T
his
act
ion
is
due
t
o
P
V
s
ys
te
m
i
nv
e
rter
i
n
or
de
r
to
regulat
e
it
s
vo
lt
a
ge
at
bus
B1.S
imi
la
rl
y,
it
can
be
see
n
t
hat
the
same
c
ontrib
ution
of
t
he
PV
s
ys
te
m
i
nverter
at
the
volt
age
s
ag
fau
lt
w
hen
t
he
c
urre
nt
h
as
increase
d
from
a
it
s
norma
l
val
ue
of
12.
32
A
t
o
14.72
A
du
rin
g
t
he
fau
lt
a
nd
sud
den
l
y
c
ollapses
to
4
A
a
nd
fi
nally
sta
bi
li
zi
ng
after
se
ver
al
osc
il
la
ti
on
s.
The
eff
ect
ive
c
ontribu
ti
on
of
t
he
DV
R
in
sta
bili
zi
ng
the
c
urre
nt
at
it
s
no
rmal
value
durin
g faults
is
achieve
d ra
pidl
y
an
d rela
ti
vely
s
mooth
.
Figure
12
il
lus
trat
es
the
po
w
er
facto
r
(P
F
)
beh
a
vior
at
the
PCC
.
U
nder
nor
mal
op
e
rati
on
t
he
PF
is
kep
t
at
unit
y
by
placi
ng
10
kVar
c
apacit
or
bank
filt
ering
harmo
nics
at
t
he
VS
C
ou
t
pu
t
of
the
PV
fa
r
ms
s
o
as
to
tr
a
nsfer
enti
rely
the
act
ive p
o
we
r
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
t
he
PV
fa
r
ms
t
o
t
he
l
oad and
the
g
ri
d.
It
is
see
n
in
Fig
ure 1
2
that
in
t
he
cas
e
of
vo
lt
age
s
well
fa
ult,
the
op
e
rati
ng
li
mit
s
of
the
s
ys
te
m
are
acce
pta
ble.
Howe
ver,
withou
t
DV
R,
the
volt
age sa
g
ca
us
e
d a si
gnific
ant
drop in t
he
P
F
w
hich reac
hed 0.
5
at
the
end
of
the d
ist
urbance
.
It
ca
n
be
c
oncl
ud
e
d
that
t
he
powe
r
facto
r
at
the
po
i
nt
c
ommo
n
c
ouplin
g
is
effe
ct
ively
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
by
the
DV
R
du
rin
g
t
he
volt
age
f
ault
sce
nar
i
os
consi
der
e
d.
T
he
ne
gative
im
pa
ct
of
ren
e
wa
bl
e
ene
rg
ie
s
on
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
ari
ses
mainly
f
rom
t
wo
ty
pical
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs
of
re
new
a
ble
e
ne
rgy
source
s
namely
thei
r
r
andom
var
ia
bili
ty
an
d
the
prese
nce
of
a
sta
ti
c
conv
erter
to
i
nterf
a
ce
the
ge
ne
rati
ng
pla
nts
to
th
e
gr
i
d(wit
h
e
xc
eption
for
hy
droelect
r
ic
)
[
3
]
.
T
hese
dev
ic
es
ca
us
e
har
m
on
ic
s
in
the
sy
ste
m
a
nd
t
hey
a
re
al
so
ve
r
y
sen
sit
ive
to
distor
te
d
volt
a
ge
wa
ve
forms
.
In
normal
ca
ses,
the
in
ve
rter
co
nnect
ing
the
Re
ne
wab
le
Energ
y
Co
nv
ersio
n
Sy
ste
ms
(REC
S)
to
the
el
ect
rical
netw
ork
modifie
s
the
outp
ut
volt
age
in
orde
r
to
regulat
e
the
act
iv
e
and
reacti
ve
c
urre
nts
be
twee
n
t
he
in
ve
rter
a
nd
the
gri
d
an
d
to
pre
ven
t
sy
ste
m
f
rom
instabil
it
y
due
to
the
wides
pr
ea
d
de
ployme
nt
of
R
ECS,
in
de
pend
ent
syst
em
op
e
rators
(
ISO)
re
qu
i
re
REC
S
t
o
operate
acc
ordin
g
to
stric
t
netw
ork
c
od
e
s
s
o
that
t
o
r
emai
n
co
nn
ec
te
d
to
t
he
ne
twork
an
d
pro
vid
e
t
he
e
xpec
te
d
reacti
ve
cu
rr
e
nt
to
su
pp
or
t t
he
el
e
ct
ric sy
ste
m
du
rin
g netw
ork f
aults [
6], [2
5].
Figure
11. PV
far
m
s inject
ed
current.
Figure
12. Po
w
er f
ac
t
or at PC
C.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
res
ults
show
that
the
D
VR
inter
face
d
to
photov
oltai
c
sy
ste
ms
an
d
ti
ed
t
o
gr
i
d
in
me
dium
vo
lt
age
is
e
ff
e
ct
ive
in
re
du
ci
ng
volt
age
sag
s
an
d
s
well
s
with
im
pro
ved
volt
age
regul
at
ion
ca
pa
bili
ties
an
d
flexibili
ty
for
powe
r
fact
or
c
or
recti
on.
O
ur
simulat
ion
m
odel
prese
nts
th
e
dyna
mic
inte
racti
on
bet
wee
n
the
DV
R
c
onve
rte
rs
an
d
t
he
co
nverter
s
of
P
V
sy
ste
m.
The
D
yn
a
mic
volt
ag
e
resto
rer
is
one
of
the
faste
st
and
eff
ect
ive
cust
om
po
wer
de
vic
e
that
ha
s
proven
it
s
ef
fecti
ve
ness
for
t
he
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
of
volt
age
sa
gs
a
nd
s
wel
ls.
The
sim
ulati
on
stu
dy
pr
e
sen
te
d
in
this
w
ork
has
de
mons
trat
ed
that
the
DV
R
is
a
pote
ntial
power
qual
it
y
impro
veme
nt device
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge pro
fi
le
and powe
r
qu
alit
y imp
r
ove
m
ent in p
ho
t
o
v
oltaic f
arms inte
gr
ate
d me
dium
…
(A
.
Be
na
li
)
1489
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l En
erg
y
Agen
cy, "Re
newa
bl
es
2019"
,
IEA
,
Paris
,
201
9.
[2]
S.
Kirma
ni
,
M.
Jami
l
,
and
I
.
Akhtar
,
``
Ec
ono
mi
c
f
e
asibilit
y
of
hybrid
energ
y
gene
ra
ti
on
wi
th
red
uc
ed
c
arb
on
em
ission,''
IET
R
ene
w.
Pow
er
Ge
ner
.
,
vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 934
-
942,
Nov.
2018.
[3]
K.
Kal
ia
pp
an
,
M.
Sankar
,
B.
Kart
hike
y
an
,
B
.
Vin
eeth
,
V.C.
Ra
ju
,
"
Ana
ly
sis
o
f
sol
ar
ener
gy
t
ec
hnology
i
n
le
ad
ing
cou
ntr
ies
",
Inte
rnationa
l
Journal
of
Po
wer
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
System
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
10,
No.
4
,
pp.
1995
-
2004,
201
9.
[4]
A
.
A.
Ta
dj
eddi
n
e,
A.
Chak
er,
M.
Khia
t,
L
.
Abdel
ma
l
ek,
N.
Khal
f
al
ah
,
"A
con
tri
b
uti
on
to
th
e
control
o
f
vo
lt
ag
e
an
d
power
of
th
e
interc
onne
ct
i
on
b
etw
ee
n
two
d
ecen
tra
lized
el
e
ct
ri
cal
gr
ids
with
an
opti
mal
localiza
t
ion
of
th
e
SV
C
devi
c
es
in
re
al
-
t
i
me
"
,
In
te
rnatio
nal
Journal
of
P
ower
Elec
troni
c
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
V
ol.
10
,
No.
1
,
pp
.
170
-
177
,
2019
.
[5]
A
.
Jäge
r
-
Wa
ld
a
u,
"
PV
Sta
tus
Report
2017
"
,
EUR
28817
E
N,
Publicati
ons
Offic
e
of
the
Europe
an
Unio
n,
Luxe
mbourg
,
20
17.
[6]
A.
Benali,
M.
Khiat
,
T.
Alla
o
ui
and
M.
D
enaï,
"P
ower
Quality
Improveme
nt
and
Low
Volt
a
ge
Ride
Throug
h
Capa
bility
in
Hy
brid
Wi
nd
-
PV
F
arm
s
Gr
id
-
Conn
ec
t
ed
Us
ing
Dynamic
Volt
age
R
e
sto
rer
",
I
EE
E
A
cc
ess
,
vo
l.
6
,
pp
.
68634
-
68648,
2
018.
[7]
H.
S.
Kam
il
,
D.
M.
Said,
M.
W
.
Mus
ta
fa,
M.R
.
Miveh,
N.
Ahma
d
,
"Low
-
vol
ta
ge
Ride
-
through
Methods
for
Gri
d
-
conne
c
te
d
Phot
ovolt
aic
Sys
tem
s
in
Microg
rids:
A
Review
and
Future
Pros
pec
t"
,
Int
ernati
onal
J
our
nal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
9,
No.
4,
pp.
1834~
1841,
De
ce
mb
er
2018.
[8]
M.
A.
Mansor,
M.
M.
Othm
an,
I.
Mus
iri
n
,
S.
Z.
M.
Noor,
"D
ynam
i
c
vo
lt
ag
e
res
tore
r
(DV
R)
in
a
co
mpl
ex
vo
lt
ag
e
disturba
nc
e
co
m
pensa
ti
on",
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
o
f
Pow
er
Elec
tr
onic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(IJ
PE
D
S
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t
ed
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el
l
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“
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n
t
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ational
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tri
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ty
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t
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vo
lt
ag
e
r
estore
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el
e
ct
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ca
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on
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m
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sian
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on
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ge
Singl
e
-
Phase
SA
G
and
SWE
LL
Us
ing
Dynam
ic
Volt
a
ge
Restore
r
and
Di
f
fer
ence
Per
-
U
ni
t
Value
Method
",
Int
ernati
onal
Journa
l
of
E
le
c
t
rical
and
Comp
ute
r
Eng
ineering
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S.
Sriv
atcha
n
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Rang
ara
j
an,
"H
al
f
Cyc
le
Discre
t
e
Tra
nsform
at
ion
for
Vol
ta
g
e
Sag
Improvem
ent
in
an
Isl
anded
Microgr
id
Us
ing
D
ynam
i
c
Vol
tage
Restor
er", Vol.
9
,
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1
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5~32
,
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M.
M.
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ma
n
,
N.
M.
R
akami,
Z.
Abdul
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id
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iri
n
,
M.
L.
Oth
ma
n
,
"En
erg
y
e
fficie
n
cy
e
nhanc
e
me
nt
usin
g
dynam
i
c
voltage
restor
er
(DV
R)
",
Inte
rnat
ional
J
ournal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m (I
J
PE
DS)
,
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13
08~
1316,
Sep
2019
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[14]
D.
V.
Chin
ma
y
,
D.
V.
Chaitan
ya
,
"O
ptimum
d
esign
of
dyn
am
i
c
v
ol
ta
ge
restor
er
for
vo
ltage
s
ag
m
it
ig
at
ion
in
distri
buti
on
ne
twork",
Vol.
10,
N
o.
3
,
pp
.
1364~1
372,
Sep
2019
.
[15]
N.
Femia.
G.
Pe
t
rone
,
G
.
Spagnu
olo,
M.
Vit
el
l
i
,
"
Pow
er
Elec
t
roni
cs
and
Con
trol
T
ec
hniqu
es
for
M
axi
mum
En
erg
y
Harve
sting in
Ph
otovol
taic
Sys
tems
”.
CRC
pre
ss
1st e
d,
2013.
[16]
H.
Madhusudan S
her
tukde
,
" Dis
tri
bute
d
Photovo
lt
aic
Grid
Tr
ansforme
rs"
.
CRC
Press
,
1st
ed.,
201
4.
[17]
M.
C.
Di
Pia
zz
a
and
G.
Vit
al
e
,
"
Photovolt
aic
Source
s
Modeli
ng
and
Em
u
la
t
ion,
Gree
n
Ene
r
gy
a
nd
Te
chno
logy
"
,
Springer
-
Verl
ag
London,
1st
ed
.
,
p
53,
2013
.
[18]
D.
Verm
a
,
S.
Nema
,
A.
M.
Shandil
ya
,
S.
K.
Dash,
"M
ax
im
um
Pow
er
P
oint
Tr
ac
k
ing
MP
PT
Te
chni
q
ues:
Rec
ap
it
ul
at
ion
i
n
solar
photovolt
ai
c
sys
te
ms",
Renewable
and
Sus
tai
nable
En
ergy
Re
v
ie
ws
,
vol.
54
,
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1018
–
1034,
2016.
[19]
H.
Abu
-
Rub,
M.
Mali
no
ws
ki,
K.
Al
-
Hadda
d,
"P
o
wer
El
e
ct
ron
ic
s
for
Rene
wab
le
Ene
rgy",
John
Wi
l
ey
&
Sons
L
td,
1st e
d.
,
2014
.
[20]
N.
Mohan,
Pow
er
Elec
tron
ic
s,
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hn
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&
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s L
td, 1st ed.,
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Q.
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T
.
Ho
rnik,
"
Con
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er
Inv
erter
s
in
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wab
le
Ene
rgy
and
Sma
rt
Grid
Int
e
gra
tion"
,
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Wiley
&
Sons
Lt
d
,
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ed.
,
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–
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,
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013.
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B
lanuš
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ic
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u
la
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Springer
,
3s
t
ed
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,
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[23]
N.
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,
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e
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Unde
la
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Wi
lliam
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.
Robbins,
"
Pow
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E
le
c
troni
cs
Conv
ert
ers
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ca
t
io
ns
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n
Wi
l
ey
&
Sons
Ltd,
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ed.,2003.
[24]
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,
V
.
G.
Agel
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E.
Mill
er,
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ower
E
lectr
oni
c
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tr
ic
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l
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s"
,
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ed
.
,
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[25]
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,
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.
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,
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,
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ide
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ren
ewa
ble
ene
r
gy
conv
ersion
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stem
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ta
ge
re
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",
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Mod
.
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yst.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
14
81
–
14
90
1490
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Abdelkr
im
Ben
a
li
is
a
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
rtment
of
Elec
tri
c
al
Eng
in
e
eri
ng
a
t
NO
UR
Bac
hir
unive
rsity
c
ent
er
,
in
El
Bay
adh
,
Alger
ia.
H
e
r
ece
ive
d
a
doct
or
ate
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
r
ote
chn
ic
s
fro
m
the
Pol
yt
ec
hni
c
Nati
ona
l
Scho
ol
of
Oran
(E
NP
O),
Alger
ia
.
His
rese
arc
h
a
ct
ivitie
s
inc
lud
e
FA
CTS
devi
ce
s,
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
r
gy
and
distri
bu
t
ed
ene
rg
y
resou
rce
s
modeling
a
nd
conc
ep
ti
on
,
ren
ewa
bl
e ene
rg
y
grid int
eg
ratio
n.
He
is a memb
er
of
the “
SC
AM
RE”
l
abor
at
o
r
y.
Mounir
Khiat
i
s
a
Profess
or
in
the
Dep
art
m
e
nt
of
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng
at
the
Polyt
ec
hn
i
c
Nati
ona
l
Schoo
l
of
Oran
(ENPO
),
Alg
eri
a
.
He
re
ceive
d
a
do
ctorat
e
d
egr
ee
in
El
e
ct
rot
ec
hni
cs
from
th
e
Univ
e
rsity
of
US
TO,
Oran.
Memb
er
of
the
“SCAM
RE”
l
abor
a
tor
y.
His
r
ese
ar
ch
act
ivi
ties
includ
e
the
cont
ro
l
of
la
rge
elec
tr
ic
p
ower
sys
te
ms,
mul
ti
machine,
mul
ti
conve
r
te
r
sys
te
ms,
FA
CTS
devi
ce
s,
HV
DC
sys
te
ms,
ren
e
wable
en
erg
y
an
d
distri
bute
d
en
erg
y
resourc
es
,
mode
li
ng
and
c
once
pt
ion,
r
ea
l
t
im
e
si
mul
a
ti
on
of
power
sys
t
ems
and
smart
g
r
id
s.
His
te
a
chi
ng
inc
lud
es
neur
al
proc
ess c
ontro
l a
nd
real time
sim
ula
ti
on
of
pow
er
sys
te
ms.
Mouloud
Dena
i
gra
duated
from
t
he
Univer
sity
of
Scie
nc
e
and
T
e
chnol
ogy
of
Alg
ie
rs
and
Ec
o
le
Nati
ona
le
Polyt
hec
hniqu
e
of
Al
gie
rs,
Alger
ia
in
Elec
tri
c
al
En
g
i
nee
ring
and
r
ece
ive
d
his
PhD
in
Control
Engi
n
eering
fro
m
the
U
nive
rsity
of
She
ffie
ld
,
UK
.
He
worked
for
th
e
Univer
sity
of
Scie
nc
e
and
T
echnology
of
Oran
(Alge
r
ia
)
unt
il
2004
and
the
Un
ive
rsity
of
Sheff
ie
ld
(UK
)
fro
m
2004
to
2010.
From
201
0
to
2014,
h
e
wo
rke
d
for
the
Unive
rsity
of
T
ee
ss
id
e
(UK
).
He
is
cur
ren
t
ly
with
th
e
Univer
sity
of
Hert
fordshire
(U
K)
since
2014.
His
ma
in
fi
el
ds
of
expe
rt
ise
ar
e
in
mod
el
ing
,
op
t
im
izati
on
and
co
ntrol
of
engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
li
f
e
sc
ience
(b
iol
ogi
cal
a
nd
biomedica
l)
sys
te
ms.
His
c
urre
nt
r
ese
ar
ch
intere
sts
in
e
ner
gy
in
cl
ud
e
int
ellige
n
t
cont
r
ol
design
and
com
put
at
ion
al
i
nte
lligen
ce
app
lications
to
eff
i
cienc
y
optimi
za
t
io
n
in
r
ene
wab
le
ene
rgy
sys
te
ms
with
par
ti
cu
la
r
f
ocus
in
th
e
ma
n
age
m
ent
of
sma
rt
hom
es
and
dy
nam
i
c
sc
hedu
li
n
g,
opt
im
i
za
t
ion
and
con
trol
of
fu
ture
sm
art
grids.
,
condition
mon
it
oring
and
asset
ma
n
age
m
ent
in
el
e
ct
ri
c
power
net
works
;
En
erg
y
storage
sys
tems
int
egr
at
ion
int
o
th
e
grid
;
S
ma
rt
meter
d
at
a
ana
ly
tics
using
ma
ch
ine
l
ea
rnin
g
t
ec
hniqu
es
fo
r
eff
icient
ene
rgy
m
ana
g
em
en
t;
e
l
ec
tr
ic
veh
ic
l
es
i
nte
gra
ti
on
int
o
the
d
istri
but
ion grid
and
V2G
/G2V m
ana
g
ement
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.