In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
2
5
5
~1
2
6
2
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1255-1262
1
255
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
PV
i
ntegrated series active
filter for sag voltage and
harm
oni
c
com
pe
nsation
Ab
de
l
m
al
ek
Mefto
uhi
1
, Ot
h
ma
ne
A
bdel
k
halek
2
,
A
h
med
A
lla
li
3
A
b
d
a
l
l
a
h
B
e
n
A
b
d
e
l
k
a
d
er
4
To
ufi
k
T
o
u
mi
5
1
,
3,
4,
5
F
acu
lty
of Elect
rical
En
g
i
n
eerin
g,
U
nivers
ity
o
f
S
c
i
en
ces
a
n
d
T
echno
lo
gy
o
f
O
r
an
M
ed
B
ou
d
i
af,
Al
geri
a
2
F
acul
t
y
of
T
ec
hn
ol
ogy
,
U
n
i
v
ersity
o
f
Tahri
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
Bechar,
Al
g
eria
Ar
ticle
In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
t
i
cl
e hi
sto
r
y:
Re
cei
v
e
d
Dec
2
7
, 2
018
Re
vise
d F
e
b
7, 201
9
Acc
e
p
t
e
d
M
a
r 1
2
,
2
019
T
h
e
u
s
e
of
lo
a
ds in
th
e
past f
ew
d
ay
s
is
b
ecom
i
n
g
v
ast
,
g
iv
ing
an
a
larm
s
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
t
he power
s
y
s
tem
an
d
el
ectro
n
i
cs
e
n
g
in
eers
in
t
erm
s
o
f pow
er
quality.
Due
t
o
t
he
l
arge
a
mount
o
f
n
on-linear
p
ower
e
l
e
ctroni
cs,
uti
litie
s
f
r
equen
t
l
y
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
s
e
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
per,
t
he
co
m
b
in
ati
on
o
f
t
he
S
eri
e
s
acti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
fil
t
er
S
APF
w
i
t
h
a
P
V
so
urce
is
de
lib
e
ra
te
d.
T
he
P
V
ba
se
d
on
t
h
e
S
AP
F
a
i
ms
t
o
c
o
mpe
n
sa
te
v
o
l
ta
g
e
dev
i
ati
ons
o
r
d
is
turb
ances
t
hat
o
ccur
in
t
he
s
y
s
te
m
caus
e
d
b
y
p
ower
q
u
a
lit
y
i
s
s
u
es.
T
h
e
p
r
op
osed
s
y
s
tem
co
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
a
P
V
s
ou
rce
co
nn
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
thro
ug
h
tw
o
d
c
-dc
con
v
erters
,
th
e
fi
rs
t
ex
t
r
act
s
t
h
e
m
a
ximum
po
wer
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
source
t
h
ro
ugh
puls
e
w
i
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
a
ti
on
PW
M
sign
als
g
e
n
e
rated
f
r
om
t
he
m
a
xi
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
tracker
M
P
P
T
co
n
t
rol
l
er.
T
hus
,
t
h
e
seco
nd
c
onv
erte
r
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
re
gu
la
te
t
he
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
ge
s
id
e
of
t
he
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
th
rou
g
h
c
lose
d
con
t
rol
lo
op
s
u
s
i
ng
F
u
zzy
L
o
g
ic
C
o
n
troll
e
r
FLC,
i
n
ad
diti
on
t
o
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ou
r
ce
inv
e
rter
V
S
I
an
d
a
s
e
ries
i
n
j
ectio
n
tran
s
f
o
r
m
e
r.
D
espite
o
f
fl
uctuati
o
n
s
o
f
the
DC
l
ink
dur
i
ng
t
h
e
co
m
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
need
ed
e
n
e
rgy,
M
P
P
T
an
d
c
l
os
ed
c
o
n
t
r
ol
loops
g
e
nerate
P
WM
s
ign
a
ls
t
o
t
h
e
swit
c
hi
ng
d
e
v
i
ce
s
o
f
d
c-d
c
b
oo
st
c
o
nv
erters
i
n
o
r
der
to
e
xt
ract
m
axim
um
P
V
p
o
wer
an
d
t
o
m
aintai
n
th
e
bu
s
volt
a
ge
w
ithin
i
t
s
l
i
mi
ts
a
nd
aro
u
n
d
its
r
e
f
eren
ce
val
u
es
r
esp
ecti
v
e
l
y.
T
h
e
p
ro
po
s
ed
t
opolo
gy
is
si
mul
a
ted
in
M
a
t
l
a
b
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
,
w
h
e
r
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
op
osed
P
V
bas
e
d
S
A
P
F
can
e
ffici
ently
r
edu
ce
p
r
obl
em
s
o
f
v
o
l
ta
g
e
s
a
g
a
n
d
h
a
rm
oni
c.
Key
w
ords:
B
oost
co
nver
t
e
r
F
u
zzy
l
og
ic
c
o
n
tr
ol
ler
H
a
rm
o
n
ic
vo
l
ta
ge
P
hoto
v
o
lta
ic
sys
t
e
m
PI
c
o
n
t
rol
l
e
r
S
e
ries
active
fi
lt
e
r
Co
pyr
i
g
h
t
©
2019
Instit
u
t
e of Advan
ced E
n
g
i
neer
in
g a
nd Sci
e
nce.
All rights
reserv
e
d
.
C
o
rre
s
po
n
d
in
g Au
t
h
or:
Abde
l
m
alek
M
eft
o
uh
i,
D
é
partem
ent
de
G
é
n
ie Ele
ctr
i
que,
F
aculté
d
e
l’é
l
ectro
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
Uni
v
er
si
té
d
es S
cienc
e
s e
t
l
a T
ech
no
l
o
g
i
e
d’
O
r
an
M
oha
me
d B
oud
ia
f
(
U
STO
-
MB)
,
BP
150
5
,
El
M’
nao
u
er,
3100
0
, O
ra
n,
A
l
g
e
r
ia
Ema
i
l:
a
b
d
e
l
m
a
l
e
k_0
823
0@ya
h
o
o
.
f
r
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
P
o
w
e
r
supp
l
y
a
nd
ene
r
g
y
qua
l
ity
h
a
v
e
been
c
ritica
l
i
ss
ues
in
p
o
w
e
r
system
s
r
ece
ntly.
The
pho
tov
o
lta
ic
gene
ra
tor
(
P
V)
c
onne
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
gri
d
i
s
bec
o
m
i
ng
i
n
cre
a
s
i
n
g
ly
p
op
u
l
ar
b
ec
ause
o
f
i
t
s
rel
i
a
ble
perf
orma
n
ce
and
its
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
g
e
n
er
ate
ene
r
gy
from
clea
n
ener
gy
r
e
so
urce
s
[
1
].
T
h
e
c
o
n
t
in
uou
s
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
pho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
i
c
pane
ls
i
s
c
onn
e
c
ted
t
o
a
D
C
/
D
C
boos
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
usi
ng
a
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
ack
i
ng
co
n
t
rol
l
e
r
(
MP
P
T
)
to
m
axim
i
z
e
t
h
e
e
n
erg
y
p
ro
duce
d
[
2].
The
deve
lo
pm
ent
of
a
m
ea
ns
t
o
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
e
f
o
r
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
s
y
st
e
m
i
s
a
l
so
u
rge
n
t.
I
n
th
is
c
ase,
t
he
p
h
o
t
o
vol
t
aic
gene
ra
t
o
rs
m
ust
pro
v
i
d
e
the
ut
i
lit
y
w
i
t
h
a
di
st
orte
d
c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
acit
y
,
w
h
ich
m
a
ke
s
the
c
u
rrents
inj
e
c
ted
/
abs
o
rbe
d
by
the
u
til
ity
t
o
be
s
in
uso
i
da
l
[3].
T
her
e
for
e
,
t
h
e
com
p
ens
a
ti
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
be
p
erfo
rme
d
by
a
n
fexi
b
l
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
d
c/a
c
V
S
C
.
T
he
pro
lifera
t
i
o
n
of
e
l
e
ctr
o
n
i
c
e
q
uipm
en
t
pol
l
u
t
e
s
e
l
e
c
tric
i
t
y
di
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
on
ne
tw
orks
w
ith
h
a
r
m
oni
c
s
,
dis
t
ort
i
n
g
w
a
ve
form
s
of
v
o
l
tage
a
nd
c
u
rre
n
t
.
A
t
t
he
s
am
e
time
,
t
he
u
ser
m
o
ni
t
o
rs
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
e
x
cessi
ve
w
ar
ming
a
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
255
–
1
2
62
1
256
a
cce
lera
t
e
d
a
g
i
n
g
o
n
t
he
e
lec
t
r
i
ca
l
in
sta
l
lat
i
ons
o
f
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
tr
ica
l
e
qu
ipm
e
nt.
Th
is
p
hen
o
me
no
n
ha
s
a
n
o
t
he
r
in
f
l
ue
nc
e
o
n
t
h
e
oper
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
a
p
p
l
i
ca
ti
o
n
;
I
n
ad
di
tio
n,
i
t
h
a
s
a
d
i
re
ct
i
nf
lu
en
c
e
o
n
t
h
e
su
pp
ly
o
f
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
loa
d
s.
F
inal
l
y
,
t
h
is
h
as
a
n
impa
ct
on
the
ele
c
tr
ical
p
ower
a
vai
lab
l
e
in
t
he
i
nsta
l
l
a
tio
n
bec
a
use
the
r
e
is
ove
r
c
ons
um
pti
on
due
t
o
har
m
onic
s
[
4,
5
]
.
T
he
s
e
r
ia
l
ac
ti
ve
f
il
t
er
(
SA
PF
)
is
u
se
d
a
nd
i
m
pla
n
te
d
be
t
w
e
e
n
the
de
li
ver
y
p
o
i
n
t
(
P
C
C)
a
n
d
t
he
l
oa
d
to
b
e
pr
ote
c
te
d.
S
o
w
e
c
a
n
s
a
y
tha
t
t
he
a
c
t
i
v
e
f
ilt
er
s
e
r
ies
(SAPF
)
i
s
a
so
lu
ti
o
n
a
d
ap
te
d
t
o
t
he
c
om
pen
s
a
t
i
on
of
d
is
t
u
r
b
ing
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
,
har
m
onic
s
[
6]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
stud
y,
a
n
S
A
P
F
w
a
s
a
dopt
e
d
a
n
d
m
odele
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
ve
pow
er
qual
ity
i
nf
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
by
d
i
st
ur
ba
nc
es.
Th
e
pr
op
ose
d
s
yst
e
m
i
s
p
ow
er
e
d
by
the
P
V
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
i
ng
a
c
o
mbi
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
w
o
s
er
ia
l
bo
os
ts,
shar
i
n
g
a
com
m
on
D
C
vo
l
t
a
g
e
gen
e
r
a
te
d
by
t
he
P
V
.
T
he
doc
ume
n
t
i
s
o
r
g
an
ize
d
a
s
fo
l
l
ow
s:
T
he
c
o
n
f
i
gur
a
t
i
o
n
of
S
A
P
F
pow
ered
b
y th
e PV
will
b
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
s
ect
i
on
2.
I
t
also
h
i
g
h
lig
ht
s
the
r
e
qu
i
r
ed
u
n
i
ts
s
uc
h
as
pow
e
r
s
o
u
r
c
e,
l
i
ne
ar
l
o
a
d,
S
A
P
F
and
c
ont
r
o
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
.
The
n
,
the
ma
i
n
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
the
sim
u
l
a
tio
n,
c
urr
e
nt
a
nd
vol
ta
ge
w
ave
f
or
m
s
a
nd
TH
D
analyz
es
w
il
l
be
di
scuss
e
d
in
s
ecti
o
n
3.
F
i
na
lly
,
the
doc
ume
n
t
w
ill
b
e
com
p
l
e
t
e
d
by
th
e c
oncl
udi
ng
r
e
m
a
r
k
s
.
2.
DESC
RIPT
ION SYSTEM
2.
1.
P
r
i
n
c
i
pl
e
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
The
se
rial
a
ct
i
v
e
filter
is
c
ou
ple
d
i
n
series
w
ith
t
he
l
oad.
I
t
i
s
r
e
gula
t
e
d
i
n
or
der
to
r
e
ach
t
he
d
is
tur
b
e
d
a
nd
e
s
s
e
n
tial h
a
r
m
onic
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
f the l
o
a
d
[
7-
1
0
]
.
T
her
e
fo
r
e
,
the
uti
l
i
t
y
w
a
nts t
o
pr
o
vi
de
o
n
l
y the
ac
t
i
ve par
t
of
t
he
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
of
t
he
c
ha
r
g
in
g
c
u
r
r
e
nt
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
v
o
i
d
s
t
h
e
pr
ob
l
e
m
s
o
f
e
n
er
gy
po
l
l
u
t
io
n
a
l
o
n
g
th
e
pow
e
r
l
i
n
e.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sys
t
e
m
,
sola
r
e
n
er
gy
is
i
nte
g
r
a
te
d
i
n
t
o
the
S
A
PF
system
t
o
ma
i
n
ta
in
i
t
s
c
a
p
aci
t
o
r
vo
l
t
age.
T
his
type
o
f
con
f
i
g
u
r
ati
on
w
o
r
k
s
bot
h
in
i
n
t
er
c
o
n
n
ecte
d
m
ode
a
nd
i
n
i
so
la
ted
mode
.
F
i
gur
e
1
show
s
the
ge
ne
r
a
l b
l
o
c
k
dia
g
r
a
m
of t
he
in
t
e
g
r
a
te
d P
V
S
AP
F
syste
m
.
The
m
a
i
n
pur
p
o
se
o
f us
i
n
g P
V
in
S
A
P
F
is:
T
he
c
a
pac
i
tor
vo
lta
ge
m
ust
be
k
e
p
t
wi
th
i
n
its
l
i
m
i
t
s
for
stab
le
a
nd
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ope
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sour
c
e
in
ver
t
e
r
a
nd
a
l
so
t
o
elimi
n
a
t
e
the
d
i
ff
i
c
u
l
t
y
r
elate
d
t
o
var
i
a
b
le DC
bus
v
olta
g
e
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
. O
v
e
r
a
l
l
b
lo
ck
diag
r
am
o
f
PV-
S
A
P
F
The
pr
op
ose
d
w
or
k
pr
e
s
ents
a
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
ec
t
e
d
P
V
s
ystem
for
r
e
si
d
e
n
tia
l
a
p
p
l
ica
t
i
o
n.
F
igu
r
e.
1
shows
the
t
ypic
a
l
str
u
ctur
e
of
a
t
w
o
-
s
t
a
ge
s
in
g
l
e-
p
h
a
se
g
r
i
d-
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
p
h
o
to
vo
l
t
a
ic
P
V
syste
m
.
SA
PF
[
1
1
-
13
]
i
n
j
ect
s
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
co
mp
o
n
ent
th
a
t
i
s
c
o
nn
ect
ed
i
n
s
e
r
ies
w
i
t
h
t
he
s
up
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
,
th
us
o
f
f
set
t
i
n
g
the
v
o
lta
ge
b
ends
a
n
d
s
wells
on
the
load
s
i
d
e.
T
he
c
ontro
l
re
sp
onse
is
o
f
the
or
der
of
3
m
s,
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
i
ng
a
se
cur
e
v
o
lta
ge
s
up
p
l
y
i
n
t
r
a
nsi
e
nt
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s.
T
he
m
a
i
n
f
u
nc
t
i
o
n
of
a
n
S
A
P
F
is
t
he
p
r
o
tec
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
iti
ve
l
oad
s
a
g
ai
ns
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
dr
ops
/
s
w
e
lls
f
r
o
m
the
netw
o
r
k.
S
AP
F
is
l
oc
ate
d
on
the
ba
sis
of
s
e
n
si
t
i
ve
l
o
a
ds.
I
f
a
fa
ult
o
c
cur
s
on
o
t
her
li
n
e
s,
t
he
S
A
P
F
inser
t
s
t
h
e
se
r
i
a
l
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
n
d
c
ompe
n
s
ates
t
he
c
h
a
r
g
i
ng
v
o
lta
ge
t
o
t
h
e
def
a
u
l
t
v
a
lue
.
T
h
e
mo
me
n
t
a
r
y
a
m
p
l
it
ud
e
s
o
f
th
e
vo
lt
ag
es
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
re
e
inje
ct
ed
ph
ases
a
r
e
c
ontr
o
l
l
e
d
s
o
as
t
o
el
im
i
n
a
t
e
an
y
de
t
r
i
m
enta
l
eff
ect
o
f
a
bus
f
a
u
lt
o
n
t
he
c
ha
r
g
ing
v
o
l
ta
ge.
3.
MO
DELL
IN
G OF PV
AR
RA
Y
A
S
o
lar
c
e
ll
is
t
he
b
as
i
c
u
n
i
t
of
a
phot
o
v
o
lta
ic
P
V
s
ystem
.
C
om
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
s
i
n
s
e
r
i
e
s
f
o
r
m
s
a
P
V
p
anel
o
r
PV
m
odul
e
.
T
he
se
m
odu
les
w
h
en
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
i
n
ser
i
es
a
n
d
p
a
r
alle
l
form
P
V
arr
a
ys.
Mode
ll
ing
o
f
P
V
a
rra
y
has
b
een
d
o
n
e
co
ns
ide
r
i
ng
si
n
g
le
d
io
de
o
f
P
V
c
ell
[14]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Title o
f
m
a
n
u
sc
ript i
s
shor
t
a
nd cle
a
r, im
p
l
i
e
s research res
u
lts (Firs
t
Au
th
or)
1
257
I
PV
R
P
R
s
I
d
Vo
lt
ag
e
F
i
gure
2. S
ing
l
e
-
di
ode m
ode
l of t
he
t
he
ore
tic
a
l
P
V
device
F
i
g
u
r
e
2:
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
e
qui
v
a
l
e
nt
c
i
r
cu
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
d
eal
phot
ovo
l
t
a
i
c
c
e
ll
.
Th
e
b
a
si
c
eq
ua
t
i
on
w
hi
ch
descr
i
be
s t
h
e
I-V
char
acte
r
ist
i
c
s of idea
l
P
V
ce
l
l
i
s
give
n as
[15]:
I
,
(
1
)
Tha
t
i
s
,
,
1
(
2
)
Where
,
1
(
3
)
W
h
ere
IPV
,
cell: C
u
rre
nt
g
e
n
er
ate
d
by
inc
i
den
t
l
i
ght
.
Id: S
hoc
kle
y
d
i
ode
c
urr
e
n
t
in
A
,
I0,
cel
l: Revers
e
s
a
turati
on
c
urre
n
t
o
f di
od
e
in
A,
:
el
e
c
t
r
on
c
h
a
rg
e [1
.6
02×
1
0
−1
9
],
:
Bo
lt
z
m
a
n
n
co
n
s
t
a
nt
[
1
.
308×
10
−2
3
/
],
T[K
]
:
tem
p
.of
p-n j
unc
t
i
o
n
B
u
t pra
c
t
i
ca
l
l
y
(1) re
qui
r
e
s a
n
incl
u
s
i
on
o
f
a
dd
iti
o
n
al p
a
r
am
et
er
s as
f
ollo
w
s
:
,
1
(
4
)
Where
R
s:
R
P
:
sh
unt
r
esis
ta
nce
of
P
V
device
(5
)
Ns: Num
b
er
o
f
PV cells in ser
i
es.
A
ll P
V
a
r
r
ay
d
ata
she
e
t
s bri
n
gs t
he
b
asic
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on
ab
o
u
t
the
P
V cell such
a
s:
1) T
h
e
nom
i
n
a
l
ope
n
circ
ui
t v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
0C, n
2) N
ominal
s
h
o
r
t
c
irc
u
i
t
c
urre
nt
,
I
sc
, n
3) V
ol
ta
ge
& c
urre
nt
a
t m
a
xi
m
u
m
pow
er
point,
V
mp
,
I
mp
4) Ma
x
i
m
um
pea
k ou
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
I
ma
x
3.1.
Maximum p
o
w
er
poin
t
track
i
n
g
(
MPPT)
Ma
ny
m
e
th
ods
f
or
m
axim
um
pow
er
p
o
i
n
t
t
rac
k
ing
MP
P
T
w
ere
deve
lo
p
e
d
t
o
al
lo
w
t
h
e
sy
st
e
m
t
o
extra
c
t
t
he
m
axim
um
p
ower
from
the
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lta
ic
g
ene
r
ator
(
P
V
g
enera
t
or).
T
he
p
r
i
nc
ip
le
o
f
t
h
i
s
c
ontro
l
alg
o
ri
t
h
m
i
s
t
o
gener
a
te
d
is
t
u
rbanc
e
s
by
r
e
du
cin
g
o
r
incre
a
s
i
n
g
t
he
d
u
t
y
c
y
clic
D
a
nd
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
the
effec
t
on
t
h
e
pow
er
ou
t
put
o
f P
V
ge
n
era
t
or
.
The pr
oble
m
w
ith
t
h
i
s a
l
gor
ithm
s
u
m
mari
z
e
d
wi
t
h
t
wo
poi
nt
s:
a.
The
osc
illa
t
i
o
n
a
r
oun
d the
ma
xi
m
u
m
pow
er
po
i
nt
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
ma
l ope
r
a
ti
ng
con
d
i
t
i
on
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 : 1255 –
1
2
62
1
258
b.
The
p
oor c
onv
e
r
genc
e of t
he
a
lg
ori
t
hm
in
t
h
e
ca
se of a
b
rup
t
c
ha
n
g
e
s
i
n te
m
p
er
ature
and
/
or il
l
umi
n
a
t
i
o
n
.
3.2.
Al
go
ri
thm o
f
P&O
The
P
&
O
is
t
he
s
i
m
ples
t
m
e
tho
d
w
hic
h
s
ens
e
s
t
h
e
P
V
a
rray
vol
ta
g
e
and
t
h
e
cost
o
f
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tat
i
o
n
i
s
less
and
he
nc
e
e
a
sy
t
o
i
m
p
l
em
ent.
T
he
t
i
m
e
com
p
le
x
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
is
a
lg
ori
t
hm
i
s
ver
y
l
e
s
s
bu
t
o
n
r
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
ve
ry
c
los
e
to t
he
M
P
P
i
t
d
o
es
n’t ste
p
a
t t
h
e
M
P
P
and ke
eps o
n
p
ertur
b
i
ng i
n b
o
t
h
t
he
d
irec
t
i
o
n
s.
A
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
.
3
the
P
&
O
algori
t
hm
ope
rates
b
y
p
e
r
i
odic
a
lly
p
e
r
tur
b
i
n
g
the
opera
tin
g
v
o
l
t
a
ge
and
com
p
ar
in
g
it
w
ith
t
he
p
re
vi
o
u
s
in
st
a
n
t
.
I
f
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
di
f
f
er
ence
Δ
P
and
t
h
e
vo
l
t
age
d
i
ffe
r
enc
e
Δ
V,
both
i
n
the
p
o
s
iti
ve
d
i
r
ecti
o
n
the
n
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
an
i
ncre
as
e
in
t
he
a
rr
ay
v
ol
ta
ge.
If
e
ith
er
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
iffere
nce
or
t
he
pow
e
r
di
ffe
re
nce
is
i
n
the
ne
gat
i
ve
d
ir
ec
t
i
o
n
t
he
n
ther
e
i
s
a
d
ec
rea
s
e
in
t
he
a
rr
ay
volta
ge.
If
bot
h
the
vol
t
a
ge
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
di
ffe
re
nce
a
r
e in
t
he ne
g
a
t
i
v
e direc
t
i
o
n
t
h
en t
here
i
s
a
i
n
cr
ea
se
i
n the ar
ray vo
ltage
. S
i
m
i
la
rly
t
h
e ne
x
t
c
y
c
le is
repe
ate
d
u
n
til t
h
e
Ma
ximum
P
o
w
e
r Poin
t is tra
cke
d
.
[
1
6
]
St
a
r
t
V
a
n
d
I
o
f
P
V
D(
K
)
=
D
(
K
‐1)
+
∆D
P
o
wer
=V
*I
∆P
D
∆
P>0
∆V>0
∆V<
0
D
(
K
)
=
D
(K
‐1
)
+
∆
D
D(K)
=
D
(K‐1)
+
∆D
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
No
Fi
g
u
re
3
.
A
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
P
&
O
4.
SYSTE
M
C
ONT
R
OL
All
p
o
wer
syst
em
s
m
u
st
h
a
v
e
a
contro
l
stra
t
e
gy
t
h
a
t
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
es
t
he
i
nter
ac
t
i
o
n
s
be
t
w
een
its
p
ar
t
s
.
T
he
con
t
ro
l
l
strate
g
ie
u
se
d in
t
h
i
s
wor
k
ar
e
P
I
, FLC
c
ontr
oll
e
rs.
T
his
co
ntr
o
l is
de
s
c
r
ibe
d
a
s fo
l
l
o
w
:
4.1.
Fuz
z
y lo
gic
co
nt
roller
FL
C
The
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
u
se
d
i
n
t
his
p
a
pe
r
i
s
t
he
F
LC
i
n
orde
r
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
t
h
e
b
e
ha
vi
or
o
f
the
S
A
PF
.
The
st
r
u
c
t
ure
of
a
f
uzzy
c
o
n
t
ro
l, show
n
in t
he F
igure
4,
can
b
e br
o
ken d
o
w
n
i
nt
o t
h
re
e
ma
j
o
r
m
odul
e
s
.
De
fu
z
z
i
f
i
e
r
Ru
l
e
Ba
s
e
Fu
z
z
i
f
i
e
r
Li
ng
u
i
s
t
i
c
In
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
In
pu
t
s
Ou
t
put
s
F
i
gure
4.
F
uz
zy
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
The
f
i
r
s
t
of
t
h
e
se
m
odu
les
d
e
als
w
i
t
h
t
he
i
np
uts
of
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m:
i
t
is
t
h
e
f
uzz
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on.
I
t
allow
s
t
o
assoc
i
ate
t
o
e
a
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
act
ua
l
inp
u
t
s,
by
m
e
a
n
s
of
m
em
bershi
p
func
tio
ns,
a
degre
e
o
f
be
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
f
or
e
ach
o
f
t
h
e
fuz
z
y
su
b
se
ts d
efine
d
over
th
e
entire
spe
e
c
h
.
The
sec
o
n
d
m
odu
le
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
he
i
nfere
n
ce
e
ng
i
n
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
rule
b
ase.
T
h
i
s
con
s
ists
o
f
t
h
e
rule
s
o
f
t
he
ty
pe
:
"If
The
n
"
and
w
i
l
l
m
a
k
e
it
p
o
ss
ible
t
o
g
o
from
th
e
degr
ee
s
be
lon
g
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
put
q
ua
nti
tie
s
to
t
he
d
e
g
re
es
bel
o
ng
ing
t
o
t
he
f
u
z
z
y
s
ubs
e
t
s
o
f
t
he
m
a
gnit
u
de
c
o
n
tr
ol
.
The
in
fere
nce
eng
i
ne
w
il
l
al
l
o
w
yo
u
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
ate
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Title o
f
m
a
n
u
sc
ript i
s
shor
t
a
nd cle
a
r, im
p
l
i
e
s research res
u
lts (Firs
t
Au
th
or)
1
259
conc
l
u
s
i
o
n
f
r
o
m the i
n
p
u
ts
a
nd
ac
t
i
ve
r
ule
s
.
I
t
then calc
u
la
t
e
s
t
h
e
d
eg
ree
s
o
f
me
mb
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
fu
zz
y
s
u
bset
s
corr
espo
n
d
in
g
t
o
t
he c
o
n
t
r
ol
o
f the
sy
st
e
m
.
F
i
nal
l
y,
t
he
l
a
s
t
mod
u
l
e,
t
he
d
e
-
Fuz
z
ific
a
t
i
o
n
in
ter
f
ac
e,
w
ill
ma
k
e
it
po
ssib
l
e
to
t
ransfor
m
t
he
d
e
g
r
ees
of
b
e
l
on
g
i
n
g
o
f
the
f
u
zzy
c
o
m
ma
nd
subass
em
bli
e
s
in
to
n
ume
r
ic
m
a
gni
t
ude.
Th
is
i
s
the
inver
s
e
tra
n
sf
orma
tion
of
t
he
f
uzz
i
fica
ti
o
n
m
odu
le.r
u
l
e
s
i
n
the
rule
b
ase
a
i
m
s
t
o
c
o
mp
u
t
e
t
h
e
fuz
z
y
out
pu
t
fu
nc
t
i
o
n
s.
F
inal
l
y
,
by
d
e
-
f
u
zzi
fyi
n
g
th
e
fu
z
z
y
ou
t
p
u
t
fun
c
t
i
o
ns, we
g
e
t
"cri
s
p
"
o
ut
put
v
a
lu
e
s
.
The
s
e
o
u
t
p
ut
s
a
r
e
determ
ined
u
sin
g
t
he
i
n
f
e
r
ence
e
ng
i
n
e
an
d
the
r
ul
e
base
(
if-t
hen
r
u
l
e
s)
a
s
fol
l
ow
:
I
F
e
AN
D
∆e,
THEN
K
p
A
ND
K
i
.
The
va
r
i
a
tion o
f
K
p
and K
i
c
o
n
s
t
an
ts
d
e
pen
d
o
n (e
and ∆e). The
m
e
m
ber
s
h
i
p
fu
nc
ti
o
n
c
urve
s
of
e
,
∆e,
K
p
a
nd
K
i
a
r
e
s
how
n
in
F
igure
5
and
F
igure
6,
w
her
e
a
l
l
m
e
m
ber
s
hip
s
’
func
t
i
o
n
s
have
tr
i
an
g
u
lar
sh
a
p
e
[1
7].
(a)
(b)
F
i
gure
5.
M
em
bersh
i
p fu
nc
ti
o
n
,
(a) c
u
rves of the
i
n
p
u
t e
,
(
b)
c
urve
s
of
t
he
i
np
u
t
∆
e
F
i
gure
6.
Mem
bersh
i
p f
u
nct
i
o
n
c
urve
s
o
f
t
he
inp
u
t
K
p a
nd K
i
Th
us,
the
fuzz
y
su
bset
f
or
e
a
nd
∆e
a
re
(
NL
;
N
M
,
NS
,
ZE,
P
S
,
P
M
,
PL
).
T
ab
l
e
1
p
re
se
n
t
s
t
h
e
fu
zzy
lo
gic
con
t
ro
l r
u
l
e
s for
the
var
i
ab
les
K
i
a
n
d
K
p.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
Ru
l
e
base
for
fuz
z
y
c
on
t
r
o
lle
r
de
(n)
NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
PB
e(
n
)
NB
NB
NB
NB
NB
NM
NS
ZE
NM
NB
NB
NB
NM
NS
NZ
PS
NS
NB
NB
NM
NS
NZ
PS
PM
ZE
NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
PB
PS
NM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
PB
PB
PM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
PB
PB
PB
PB
ZE
PS
PM
PB
PB
PB
PB
I
n
addi
t
i
o
n
,
a 3D
curve of the rela
tio
n be
tw
e
e
n inpu
ts a
nd o
u
t
p
uts of t
he
F
L c
ont
r
o
l
l
er
is
a
l
s
o
pl
o
t
t
e
d
and
show
n
in F
ig
ure
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 : 1255 –
1
2
62
1
260
F
i
g
u
r
e
7.
The
re
lat
i
on
s
u
rfac
e
betw
ee
n in
p
u
ts
a
nd ou
t
p
u
t
o
f
F
L
C
5.
SIMU
L
A
TION
R
ES
ULT
S
NAND
D
I
S
C
U
SSIONS
To
c
o
n
firm
t
he
e
ffect
i
v
ene
s
s
of
t
he
p
r
o
pos
e
d
S
AP
F
fed
by
P
V
s
ys
t
e
m
con
t
ro
l
l
e
d
b
y
F
u
zzy
L
og
i
c
,
si
m
u
lat
i
ons
w
e
r
e
deve
lo
pe
d
i
n
M
A
TLA
B\S
i
m
u
lin
k.
th
e
par
a
m
e
ters
w
h
i
c
h
have
b
ee
n
use
d
i
n
the
s
i
mu
la
ti
on
a
r
e
show
n
in
T
ab
le
2
,in
t
h
ese
sim
u
la
t
i
o
n
w
e
use
tw
o
D
C
D
C
(b
oost
c
o
nverter
)
the
first
one
to
e
xtract
t
he
m
axim
u
m
pow
er
o
f
the
P
V
a
nd
t
h
e
sec
o
n
d
u
sed
to
r
eg
u
l
ate
d
t
he
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.t
he
T
ot
al
Harmo
n
i
c
Dist
o
r
t
i
on
(THD)
o
f th
e
source
V
olta
ge
w
as
f
ound
t
o
b
e
33.
33%
b
e
f
or
t
he
i
mplem
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
S
AP
F
-
P
V
.
F
i
gur
e
9
show
s
the
in
je
cted
vo
lta
ge
w
ave
f
orm
e
a
t
1.2
se
c
.
aft
e
r
the
imp
l
em
ent
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
p
r
opose
d
i
nver
t
e
r
,
,
t
he
T
H
D
valuei
s
r
e
duce
d
t
o
2.94
%
as show
s
i
n
F
ig
ures
1
6
, F
i
gure1
7
an
d F
i
gure
1
5
s
ho
w
s
the
out
pu
t o
f
D
C vo
lt
a
g
e
of the
s
eco
n
d
B
oos
t.
Tabl
e 2
.
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
p
a
ra
me
t
e
rs
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
amet
er
s
Va
l
u
e
Sourc
e
volta
g
e
f
ré
que
nce
ƒ
Sourc
e
volta
g
e
V
s
Lo
ad
r
es
i
s
t
a
n
ce
R
L
CF
(
L
C f
i
l
t
e
r
)
L
F
(LC
f
i
lte
r)
Tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
me
r
dc
-bus
c
a
p
ac
itor C
re
fe
r
e
n
c
e
vd
c
vol
t
a
ge
Kp
,Ki S
i
mul
a
tion re
sults
Vm
a
x
50
H
z
5.
7
v
R
M
S
12,
3
Ω
1
nF
9 m
H
12V
/230V1
k
V
A
2200
0uF
vdc=
75v
K
p
=
7,
2- K
i
=
33
19.
7
V
Im
a
x
VO
C
ISC
Irra
dia
tion
T
e
mp
er
at
u
r
e
L1
C1
L2
C2
1.
83
A
27.
6
V
2.
06
A
1000
W/
m
2
25
0
c
3.
2 m
H
8.
62e
-05
F
1.
7e
-03
H
2200e
-6
F
5.1.
Ca
se
o
f SAG
v
o
l
t
ag
e
The
sag
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
was
appli
e
d
on
t
h
e
s
o
urce
voltage
d
u
r
ing
t
h
e
p
e
ri
od
b
e
tween
[1.
2
–
2
]
second,
w
hich
i
s
co
rrecte
d
v
ia
t
h
e
i
nj
ect
ed
v
o
ltage
o
f
the
SAPF
a
s
s
h
own
in
F
igure
8.
T
h
e
i
nj
ected
vo
lt
age
of
the
S
APF
via
the
injecti
o
n
tran
sfor
mer
is
v
iewed
i
n
F
igure
9.
C
ons
equently
,
the
m
a
g
n
itud
e
o
f
t
h
e
l
oa
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
wa
s
k
ep
t
s
t
ab
l
e
d
es
pi
t
e
of
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
s
a
g
phenom
e
na
a
s
illust
raited
i
n
F
i
gure
10.
Duri
ng
th
e
s
a
g
phen
o
m
i
n
a
,
in
t
he
D
C
s
i
d
e
,
the
DC
volt
a
g
e
a
cros
s
t
he
i
npu
t
capacitan
ce
of
t
he
i
nverte
r
was
mai
n
tai
n
ed
a
rou
nd
its
n
omi
n
al
v
al
ue
o
f
75V
DC
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
igu
r
e
11
t
h
r
ou
gh
t
wo
s
ta
ge
D
C-
DC
co
nver
t
ers
as
soci
ate
d
w
it
h
the
P
V
s
our
ce,
w
he
r
e
t
h
e
f
irst
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
a
i
m
s
t
o
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
power of th
e PV, and
the s
e
con
d
is
used
t
o
regulat
e th
e output
DC volt
a
ge
c
o
nnected
t
o
th
e
in
v
e
rter.
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
:
The sourc
e
v
olta
ge
(S
A
G)
F
i
gure
9
:
The
vo
l
tage
I
n
j
ecte
d
(
S
A
G
)
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
T
i
m
e
(
s
e
c
onds
)
V
S
our
c
e
1.
16
1.
18
1.
2
1.
2
2
1.
2
4
1.
2
6
-5
0
5
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-10
-5
0
5
10
T
i
m
e
(
s
e
c
onds
)
V
i
njec
ted
1.
16
1.
18
1.
2
1.
22
1.
2
4
-4
-2
0
2
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Title o
f
m
a
n
u
sc
ript i
s
shor
t
a
nd cle
a
r, im
p
l
i
e
s research res
u
lts (Firs
t
Au
th
or)
1
261
F
i
gur
e 1
0
:
The
Loa
d
v
ol
t
a
ge
(
S
A
G)
F
i
gure
1
1
: The
D
C
vol
ta
ge
(
SA
G
)
5.2.
Case
o
f h
a
rmon
i
c
voltage
I
n
t
he
s
ec
ond
case
,
t
he
A
C
pr
ogram
m
a
ble
so
urc
e
w
a
s
u
sed
t
o
g
e
n
e
rate
t
he
5
th
o
r
d
e
r
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
ma
gni
tude
a
nd
t
he
a
n
g
l
e
p
has
e
o
f
0.2
pu
an
d
35°
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tive
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12
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n
d
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he
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t
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v
o
l
t
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ge
at
t
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D
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side
w
a
s
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aint
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d
and
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d
a
s
se
en
i
n
the
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r
s
t
c
a
se
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f
the
sa
g
phe
nome
n
a
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ures
14
an
d
15.
I
n
Fig
u
res
16
a
n
d
17,
b
efore
the
a
p
plica
tio
n
of
t
he
dist
urba
nc
e,
t
h
e
t
ota
l
h
a
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onic
s
d
ist
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TH
D
w
a
s
abo
u
t
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w
here
a
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r
t
he
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it
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s
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nd
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i
gure
1
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ar
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5
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rmonic
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h
e
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f sourc
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
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: 208
8-8
6
9
4
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 : 1255 –
1
2
62
1
262
6.
CONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
per,
t
he
d
es
ig
n
an
d
sim
u
l
a
ti
on
o
f
a
n
ew
S
AP
F
system
w
ich
w
a
s
fe
d
by
a
re
new
a
b
l
e
e
n
erg
y
source
i
s
pro
p
o
se
d.
T
he
p
r
opose
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
als
o
i
nc
u
d
es
t
w
o
c
on
ven
ti
on
al
b
oo
st
c
on
v
e
rt
er
t
o
co
mp
en
sat
e
t
he
rea
c
ti
ve
p
ow
er
,
ha
rm
oni
c
,
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
a
g
s
at
l
o
a
d.T
h
e
P
V
s
ys
tem
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
a
n
MP
P
T
a
l
gor
ithm
to
e
xtr
a
c
t
t
he
ma
ximum
pow
er
o
f
the
pa
nel
.
the
se
co
nd
B
o
o
t
w
as
c
on
tro
l
l
e
d
by
fu
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic
c
o
n
t
ro
ller.
t
h
e
simu
lat
i
on
w
o
rk
c
a
rri
e
d
o
u
t
und
er
M
at
l
a
b
simu
l
i
nk
,fro
m
t
h
is
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
ion
we
c
an
s
e
e
t
hat
t
h
e
TH
D
of
t
h
e
s
ourc
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
reduc
e
d
f
rom
33,3
3
%
t
o
2
,
9
4%
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
SA
P
F
-
P
V
,
t
he
f
u
t
ur
e
w
o
rk
i
s
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
e
su
lt
s
t
o
c
omp
e
r
w
ith
si
m
u
lation works.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
a
u
th
ors wou
l
d
like
to t
h
a
nk
t
he Labora
t
ory of t
he
S
mart Gr
i
ds
&
Ren
ew
a
b
le Ene
r
g
i
e
s
of
Béc
ha
r
(S
G
R
E)
,
a
nd
LD
D
EE,
S
ustain
able
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
nt
o
f
Elec
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ner
g
y
A
lg
e
r
ia
f
or
f
u
n
d
i
ng
t
h
is
r
esea
rch
proj
e
c
t
.
REFE
RENCES
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assai
n
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Olias,
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Quinte
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addad
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"Dig
it
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p
o
w
e
r
f
act
or
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
nd
r
ea
ct
ive
power
r
eg
ul
ati
on
for
gri
d
-con
nect
ed
p
ho
tov
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ltai
c
in
v
ert
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n
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E
xp
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f
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r
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oltaic
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arw
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ti
kno
"A
n
e
w st
ruc
t
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r
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of
d
y
n
am
ic volt
a
g
e
r
es
torer based
on
asy
m
me
t
r
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i
nvert
ers
t
o
c
o
m
pen
s
ate
volt
a
g
e
d
isturb
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s
in
p
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d
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b
ut
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t
ional
Jou
r
n
a
l
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f
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we
r Electr
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r
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ve Sys
t
em (
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a
m
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I.
N
u
ez
an
d
V
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F
eliu
,
"Li
n
eari
s
atio
n
m
e
t
hod
an
d
c
o
n
t
r
ol
f
o
r
s
eri
e
s
acti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilt
e
r
b
y
m
ean
s
of
pu
ls
ewid
th
m
odul
ati
on,
"
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ect
r.
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E.
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ibei
ro,
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arbi
,
"
H
armo
nic
vo
ltag
e
r
educt
i
o
n
u
sin
g
a
s
er
i
e
s
act
ive
filt
er
u
nd
er
d
iff
e
ren
t
l
o
a
d
c
o
ndi
ti
on
s,"
IEEE
Tran
sac
t
io
ns
Ele
c
tron
ic
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l
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G.
R
am
y
a
,
V.
G
an
apath
y
,
P.
S
ures
h,
"
P
o
w
e
r
qu
ali
t
y
im
pro
v
em
ent
u
sing
m
ulti-
level
i
n
verter
b
ased
D
VR
a
nd
DS
TATCO
M
u
si
ng
n
e
uro
-fu
zzy
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r,
"
In
tern
at
io
nal
Jou
r
na
l
of Po
we
r El
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
an
d
Drive Sys
t
em
(
I
JPEDS)
,
vo
l.
8
(1),
p
p
.
3
1
6
-3
24
,
M
ar
2
017
[8]
H.
A
k
a
gi,
E.
W
at
anabe,
a
n
d
M
.
A
r
edes,
"Hy
b
rid
and
s
e
ries
acti
v
e
f
i
l
te
rs
,
"
i
n
I
n
sta
n
ta
ne
o
u
s
Po
we
r
Th
e
o
ry
a
nd
App
licati
o
n
s
t
o
P
o
wer Con
d
i
tio
n
i
ng
," 1s
t
ed
., New Jersey
,
W
i
l
ey-IEEE P
r
es
s
,
p
p
.
22
1-26
3,
200
7.
[9]
E.
C
i
p
rian
o
do
sSan
tos
,
C
.
Jacob
i
n
a
,
J.
D
i
a
s
,
a
n
d
N
.
Roch
a,
"
S
i
n
gle-p
h
ase
to
t
hree-phase
univ
ersa
l
acti
v
e
power
filter,"
IEEE Trans. P
o
wer
Del.
,
v
o
l.
26(3),
pp
.
13
61
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,
J
ul
2
01
1.
[10]
H.
A
kagi,
and
K
.
I
sozaki,
"
A
hybr
id
act
ive
filter
f
o
r
a
threep
hase1
2
-p
ul
se
d
io
de
r
ectifi
e
r
u
s
ed
a
s
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
end
of
a
m
e
di
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge m
o
t
o
r
d
ri
ve,
"
IEEE Tran
s.
Po
wer
Electr
on.
,
vo
l.
2
7
(
1)
,
p
p
.
69
-7
7,
Ja
n
20
1
2
.
[11]
C. Sankaran,
"
Power Q
u
al
i
t
y,"
CRC P
r
ess
LLC
,
20
02
.
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S
.
R
avi
,
V
.
M
ezhuy
ev,
K.
I
.
A
nnapo
orani
,
P
.
S
u
k
u
m
a
r,
"
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
mi
croco
n
tro
l
l
e
r
based
bu
c
k
bo
os
t
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r as
a
s
m
o
o
t
h st
arter
f
o
r
perm
anen
t
mag
n
et
m
o
t
or,
"
In
do
ne
sian
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
Ele
c
t
ric
a
l
En
gine
e
r
in
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
, vo
l
. 1
(3),
pp
.
56
6
-5
74
,
Mar.2
0
1
6
.
[13]
S
. Ben
abid
,
O
.
A
bd
elkh
alek
, "Un
if
ied p
o
wer qu
alit
y
cond
itio
ner
sup
p
l
i
ed
by
f
u
el c
ell s
y
st
e
m
v
ia
SE
P
IC conv
erter,"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of Po
wer
E
l
ectr
onics an
d
D
r
i
ve Systems
(
I
JPE
D
S)
, v
o
l
. 1
0
(
1
)
, pp
. 1
78
-19
4
, 2
01
8.
[14]
H.
S.
R
a
u
sch
e
nb
ach,
"S
ol
ar
cell
array
desi
gn
h
a
n
d
b
ook
.
Th
e
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
les
and
tech
nol
og
y
of
p
h
o
to
vo
lt
aic
energ
y
co
nv
ersi
o
n
," New York
, N.Y.:
Van
Nostr
a
n
d
R
e
in
hol
d P
r
i
n
t
, 19
8
0.
[15]
M.G
.
V
illai
v
a,
J
.
R
G
az
ol
i
,
E
R
u
p
pert,
"
M
odel
ling
and
ci
rcuit
ba
s
ed
s
im
ulation
o
f
pho
to
volt
a
ic
a
rrays
,
"
Br
a
z
il
l
i
an
Jou
r
n
a
l o
f
Po
we
r
Electr
onics
,
vol
14(1
)
,
p
p
.
35-45,
2
0
09.
[16]
T.
C
ha
i
t
a
n
y
a
,
Ch
.
Sa
iba
b
u,
J
.Sury
a
K
uma
r
i,
"
Mo
de
lin
g
a
n
d
si
mu
la
ti
on
o
f
P
V
array
an
d
its
p
erf
o
rm
a
n
ce
en
han
cem
en
t
us
in
g
MPPT
(
P&O
)
t
echni
qu
e,
"
In
tern
a
tio
na
l Jo
ur
na
l o
f
Comp
uter
Science
&
C
o
mmunica
t
ion
Ne
tworks
,
vo
l
1(
1),
S
e
p-O
c
t
2
011
.
[17]
A.
B
en
a
bd
elk
a
der
O.
A
b
d
elk
h
a
l
ek
a
n
d
A
.
Allali.,
"
E
xp
e
r
im
ent
a
l
v
a
lid
ati
on
o
f
s
ingl
e
phas
e
s
eri
e
s
act
ive
p
o
w
e
r
fil
t
er
us
in
g
f
u
zzy
c
ontrol
t
echni
qu
e,
"
Int
e
rn
atio
na
l
Jo
ur
nal
of Po
wer
Elect
ron
i
cs
a
nd
Dr
ive
Syst
ems
(
I
J
P
EDS)
,
vo
l
.
9
(2)
,
pp
.
5
91-6
0
1
,
2
0
1
8.
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