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n
d
f
a
u
lt
y
s
tate
s
)
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
er
i
es
r
eso
n
a
n
t
in
v
er
t
er
,
w
e
u
s
e
a
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
i
g
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es,
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
au
lt
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
,
in
Ma
tlab
/
Si
m
u
li
n
k
,
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s.
2.
P
RE
S
E
NT
AT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
I
NDUC
T
I
O
N
H
E
AT
I
N
G
S
Y
ST
E
M
T
h
e
s
y
n
o
p
tic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
th
e
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
f
u
r
n
ac
e
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
t
ag
e
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
d
ev
ice
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
W
h
er
e:
P
I
:
l
in
ea
r
r
eg
u
lato
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
te
g
r
al
,
P
L
L
:
p
h
as
e
-
lo
ck
ed
lo
o
p
,
P
C
: P
o
w
er
co
n
t
r
o
l lo
o
p
,
L
P
F: L
o
w
p
ass
f
il
ter
,
VC
O:
V
o
lta
g
e
co
n
t
r
o
lled
o
s
cillato
r
.
2
.
1
.
P
o
w
er
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
ta
g
e,
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
[
1
8
]
,
[
20
]:
a.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
b.
R
ec
ti
f
ier
b
r
id
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
(
R
F
,L
F
,C
F
)
c.
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
(
ch
o
p
p
er
)
f
o
r
DC
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t i
n
v
er
ter
d.
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
(L
H
, C
H
)
e.
Ser
ies r
eso
n
a
n
t
in
v
er
ter
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
f
u
r
n
ac
e
f.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
f
u
r
n
ac
e
(
i
n
d
u
cto
r
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
)
m
o
d
eled
b
y
a
n
i
n
d
u
ct
iv
e
lo
ad
(
R
,
L
)
,
w
i
th
a
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
)
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
s
er
ies
r
eso
n
an
t c
ir
c
u
it.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
F
a
u
lt Dia
g
n
o
s
is
in
S
ta
tic
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
U
s
ed
in
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Hea
tin
g
S
ystems
(
Ou
a
h
ib
a
F
a
d
li
)
1053
2
.
1
.
Dev
ice
co
ntr
o
l st
a
g
e
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l stag
e
in
cl
u
d
es t
w
o
co
n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
s
:
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
is
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
(
P
C
)
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
,
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
(
at
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
v
er
ter
)
,
b
y
a
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
(
P
I
)
r
eg
u
la
to
r
.
I
t
allo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
f
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
a
n
d
,
th
u
s
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
f
u
r
n
a
ce
p
o
w
er
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
b.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
is
th
e
p
h
ase
-
l
o
ck
ed
lo
o
p
(
P
L
L
)
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
b
ein
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
t
r
o
lled
o
s
cillato
r
(
VC
O)
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
k
ee
p
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
ies
in
v
er
ter
v
er
y
c
lo
s
e
to
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
b
ec
o
m
es
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
lo
ad
th
at
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
at
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
,
w
it
h
a
u
n
i
t
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
e
v
en
w
it
h
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
o
p
er
atio
n
ass
i
g
n
s
to
th
e
P
L
L
a
ce
r
tai
n
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3.
CH
ARAC
T
E
R
I
ST
I
CS O
F
T
H
E
H
E
AL
T
H
Y
SY
ST
E
M
(
WI
T
H
O
U
T
DE
F
E
C
T
S)
3
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
em
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
[
2
6
]
a.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
A
C
s
o
u
r
ce
: (
5
0
Hz,
4
0
0
V)
b.
Fil
ter
1
:
R
F
=
2
Ω
,
L
F
=1
0
m
H,
C
F
=
3
0
0
0
µF
c.
Fil
ter
2
: L
H
=
2
1
0
m
H,
C
H
= 1
5
,
6
µF
d.
I
n
v
er
ter
in
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e:
4
0
0
V
e.
R
eso
n
a
n
t lo
ad
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
: R
=
2
6
.
6
Ω
,
L
=
1
2
6
.
7
µH
,
C
=
0
.
0
8
µF
f.
I
n
itial r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
:
f
r
=
5
0
k
Hz
g.
No
m
i
n
al
f
u
r
n
ac
e
p
o
w
er
: 5
k
W
h.
PI
r
eg
ul
at
or
p
ar
am
et
e
r
s
:
K
p
= 3,5.10
-
5
,
K
i
= 1,1
3.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
in he
a
lt
hy
s
t
a
t
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
a
d
ep
icts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
(
U
r
)
an
d
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
ilter
o
f
th
e
D
C
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
(
E
0
).
Fig
u
r
e
2
b
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
(U
H
)
an
d
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
(
E
1
).
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
h
ea
lth
y
s
tate
o
f
AC
/DC
a
n
d
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
(
a)
.
Ou
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
es o
f
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
r
ec
ti
f
ier
an
d
f
ilter
1
,
(
b
)
.
Ou
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
es
o
f
b
u
ck
co
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
f
ilter
2
Fig
u
r
e
3
a
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
a
ch
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
(
P
ref
)
f
r
o
m
2
k
W
to
5
k
W
.
On
e
ca
n
n
o
tice
a
g
o
o
d
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
,
w
it
h
a
v
er
y
ac
ce
p
tab
le
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
ti
n
g
,
w
h
ic
h
j
u
s
ti
f
ie
s
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
tu
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
b
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
in
p
h
ase,
w
h
ich
co
n
f
ir
m
s
a
v
e
r
y
clo
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
,
w
i
th
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
t
h
er
m
a
l
lo
ad
an
d
a
p
er
f
ec
t
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
,
w
h
ich
r
ev
ea
l
s
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
ec
t
s
ettin
g
o
f
t
h
e
P
L
L
.
0
.1
0
.1
1
0
.1
2
0
.1
3
0
.1
4
0
.1
5
0
.1
6
0
.1
7
0
.1
8
0
.1
9
0
.2
200
300
400
500
600
700
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
3
p
h
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
(
v
)
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
F
i
l
t
r
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
0
.0
1
0
.0
1
5
0
.0
2
0
.0
2
5
0
.0
3
0
.0
3
5
0
.0
4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
T
i
m
e
(
s)
Ou
tp
u
t
vo
l
ta
g
e
o
f
b
u
ck co
n
ve
r
te
r
(
v)
B
u
ck co
n
v
r
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e
D
C
/DC
F
i
l
tr
e
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
0
5
1
–
1
0
6
3
1054
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
h
ea
lth
y
s
tate
o
f
D
C
/
A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
(
a)
.
A
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
,
(
b
)
.
Vo
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t i
n
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t lo
ad
(
zo
o
m
)
4.
DIA
G
NO
SI
S O
F
O
P
E
N
CI
RCUI
T
F
AUL
T
S I
N
T
H
R
E
E
P
H
ASE
UN
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
D
B
RID
G
E
RE
C
T
I
F
I
E
R
I
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ates
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f
o
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u
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r
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to
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d
af
ter
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f
au
l
t o
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D
1
(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
(
d
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e)
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b
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F
ig
u
r
e
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T
y
p
ical
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r
ies
o
f
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s
p
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to
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io
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lt
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
F
a
u
lt Dia
g
n
o
s
is
in
S
ta
tic
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
U
s
ed
in
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Hea
tin
g
S
ystems
(
Ou
a
h
ib
a
F
a
d
li
)
1057
5.
DIA
G
NO
SI
S O
F
B
UCK
CO
NVER
T
E
R’
S P
O
WE
R
T
RA
NSI
S
T
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R
Fo
r
f
au
l
t
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
(
o
p
en
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
f
au
lt)
in
D
C
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C
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
,
an
in
ter
n
a
l
m
eth
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d
,
ca
lled
tec
h
n
ical
an
al
y
tical
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ed
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n
d
a
n
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y
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s
ed
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B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
lati
o
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d
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
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b
et
w
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d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
o
f
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
(
h
ea
l
th
y
a
n
d
f
a
u
lt
y
ca
s
es).
T
w
o
p
h
ase
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
:
f
au
lt d
etec
tio
n
an
d
id
en
ti
f
icati
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
ef
ec
t n
at
u
r
e.
5
.
1
.
F
a
ult
det
ec
t
io
n pha
s
e
I
n
th
is
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
r
esid
u
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
il
ter
ed
v
o
ltag
e,
o
f
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
a
r
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f
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
i
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
m
o
d
el,
p
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
4
,
i
s
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
(
w
i
th
o
u
t f
a
u
lt
s
)
in
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
(
eq
u
atio
n
4
)
:
U
R
= U
com
. E
0
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
U
R
:
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
o
u
t
f
au
lts
,
E
0
:
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
(
f
ilter
ed
r
ec
tif
ied
v
o
lta
g
e)
an
d
U
com
:
C
o
n
tr
o
l v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
(
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
au
l
t d
etec
tio
n
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
b
lo
c
o
f
DC
/
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fau
lt
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
l
o
ca
tio
n
b
lo
c
o
f
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
W
h
er
e:
FI:
Fa
u
lt
in
d
icato
r
,
FT
:
Fau
lt
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
,
R
es.o
c:
R
esid
u
e
o
f
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt,
R
es
.
s
c:
R
esid
u
e
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt,
L
T
o
c:
L
o
ca
tio
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
au
lt,
L
T
s
c
:
L
o
ca
tio
n
th
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt,
I
o
c
: I
n
d
icato
r
o
f
o
p
en
cir
cu
it f
au
lt,
I
s
c
: I
n
d
icato
r
o
f
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it f
a
u
lt
W
h
en
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
f
au
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
at
ti
m
e
t
=
0
.
2
5
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
:
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
a
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
s
er
ie
s
ch
o
p
p
er
(
E
1
)
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
r
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er
e
n
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
(
U
R
)
,
w
i
th
o
u
t
f
a
u
l
ts
,
f
o
r
a
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
0
.
8
.
Af
t
er
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
f
au
l
t,
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
b
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
c
d
ep
ict
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
th
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
t
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r
esi
d
u
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
t
w
o
v
o
lta
g
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
B
o
o
lean
i
n
d
icato
r
(
FI)
allo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ef
ec
t,
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
s
p
ec
if
y
i
n
g
it
s
n
atu
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
0
5
1
–
1
0
6
3
1058
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
a
f
ter
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
t f
a
u
lt o
f
t
h
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
(
a)
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
E
1
)
af
ter
d
ef
au
lt
,
(
b
)
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esi
d
u
e
(
R
es),
(
c)
.
Fau
lt in
d
icato
r
(
FI)
5
.
2
.
I
dentif
ica
t
io
n pha
s
e
o
f
def
ec
t
na
t
ure
T
o
i
d
en
tify
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lt
(
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
o
r
o
p
en
f
au
lt),
th
e
f
il
ter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lt
y
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
,
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
o
ltag
e
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
a
u
lt
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
)
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
f
au
lt
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
f
au
lt),
th
er
e
is
a
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
DC
/D
C
c
o
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ec
o
m
es
:
Ucc
=
5
0
0
V.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
a
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
f
a
u
lt
(
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
o
p
en
in
g
)
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ec
o
m
es
ze
r
o
:
Uco
=
0
V.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
a
n
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
at
0
.
2
5
s
.
T
h
e
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
r
esid
u
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
er
f
ec
t
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
D
C
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
at
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
en
f
a
u
lt
m
o
d
el
(
Uco
=
0
V)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
af
ter
a
n
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt o
f
t
h
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
(
a)
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
r
es
i
d
u
e
(
R
es.o
c)
,
(
b
)
.
I
n
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt
(
I
o
c)
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
.
3
0
.
3
5
0
.
4
0
.
4
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
T
i
me
(s)
Ave
ra
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vo
l
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5
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2
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T
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l
ta
g
e
a
cr
o
ss T
1
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
o
l
ta
g
e
a
cr
o
ss T
2
(
T
1
)
o
p
e
n
cir
cu
i
t
f
a
u
l
t
V
T
1
=
E
1
V
T
2
=
0
V
T
1
=
V
T
2
=
E
1
/2
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