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s
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(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
130
3
~
13
19
I
SS
N:
2
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8
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DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
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9
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.
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pp
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0
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m
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T
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v
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lar
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AC
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an
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m
is
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S
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w
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tio
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tr
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ics
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o
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t
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AC
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o
r
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
1
]
-
[
2
]
.
I
n
n
u
m
er
ab
le
F
A
C
T
S
d
ev
ice
s
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lik
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ato
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Static
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ied
P
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Flo
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v
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T
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tech
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v
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g
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s
tab
il
it
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[
3
]
.
A
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tall
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n
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n
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T
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co
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s
i
s
ts
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e
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ter
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ap
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n
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n
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ec
ted
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ar
allel
w
it
h
t
h
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g
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id
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h
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T
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n
tr
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e
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v
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-
p
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b
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j
ec
tin
g
o
r
ab
s
o
r
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in
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it.
T
h
is
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ctiv
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-
p
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w
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tp
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T
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OM
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co
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tr
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lled
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m
p
li
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d
e
o
f
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tp
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t
v
o
ltag
e
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
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o
f
p
r
esen
t
p
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w
er
s
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m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
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es
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GT
O,
I
GB
T
)
an
d
th
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ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
n
e
w
s
w
itc
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in
g
d
ev
ice
s
(
I
GC
T
,
I
E
GT
,
etc.
)
,
co
llectiv
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w
it
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
n
o
v
el
in
v
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te
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies,
h
av
e
p
er
m
i
s
s
ib
le
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
p
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w
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d
v
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ati
n
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s
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t
h
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elec
tr
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ic
co
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v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at,
in
f
e
w
ca
s
es,
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
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tl
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n
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m
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m
v
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ltag
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w
it
h
o
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t
co
u
p
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g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
[
5
]
.
Mu
ltil
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v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
w
id
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y
f
o
r
ST
A
T
C
OM
as
it
ca
n
i
m
p
r
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v
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t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
atin
g
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
,
to
m
a
k
e
it
ap
p
r
o
p
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f
o
r
m
ed
iu
m
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
b
u
lk
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
130
3
–
13
19
1304
m
an
y
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
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lo
g
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s
ed
f
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en
t
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A
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C
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to
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H
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b
ec
au
s
e
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f
its
s
e
v
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ad
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n
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es:
(
1
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it
ca
n
p
r
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ce
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s
i
n
u
s
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m
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d
d
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m
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s
h
e
s
h
ar
m
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(
2
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it
ca
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esp
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f
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ter
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s
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o
f
r
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m
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t
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s
f
o
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m
er
to
p
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v
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e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
v
o
ltag
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el
s
(
3
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m
o
d
u
lar
ized
cir
c
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it
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
co
n
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tr
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ctio
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s
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s
y
d
u
e
to
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
o
f
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
[
8
]
-
[
10
].
No
w
d
a
y
s
t
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
i
n
ea
ch
p
h
ase
is
r
ep
lacin
g
m
a
n
y
o
th
er
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
a
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
m
ed
i
u
m
-
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
1
]
-
[1
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
u
l
tilev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
o
r
in
v
er
ter
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
to
a
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
d
io
d
e
-
c
la
m
p
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
o
r
in
v
er
ter
[
1
3
]
f
o
r
ST
A
T
C
OM
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
-
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
ST
A
T
C
OM
,
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
u
r
n
i
s
h
e
d
w
it
h
a
n
elec
tr
icall
y
i
s
o
lated
an
d
f
lo
atin
g
d
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
in
th
e
cir
cu
it.
T
h
is
allo
w
s
eli
m
in
ati
n
g
a
b
u
l
k
y
a
n
d
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
lin
e
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
a
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
li
n
e
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
r
ated
at
6
.
6
k
V
an
d
1
MV
A
w
ei
g
h
ts
f
r
o
m
3
0
0
0
to
4
0
0
0
k
g
,
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
w
eig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
ca
s
ca
d
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
r
atin
g
m
a
y
w
ei
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
0
to
2
0
0
0
k
g
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
i
t
h
ca
s
ca
d
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
u
n
eq
u
al
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
f
lo
ati
n
g
d
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
I
m
p
r
o
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ices,
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
s
ig
n
al
d
is
p
ar
it
y
an
d
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
s
u
es
in
h
er
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
an
d
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
v
o
ltag
e/c
u
r
r
en
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt
s
in
to
v
o
lta
g
e
i
m
b
alan
ce
to
th
e
d
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
ed
in
ST
A
T
C
OM
ac
ts
as
a
n
in
v
er
ter
an
d
ea
ch
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
ll
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
els
o
f
o
u
t
p
u
t
w
it
h
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
f
o
u
r
s
w
itc
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
b
et
w
ee
n
lin
e
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
lta
g
es
g
en
er
ated
b
y
i
n
v
er
ter
,
r
es
u
lt
s
ST
A
T
C
OM
to
ab
s
o
r
b
o
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
r
a
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
eq
u
al
f
o
r
a
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
b
ased
ST
A
T
C
OM
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ea
ch
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ce
l
l
i
n
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
i
s
eq
u
al
l
y
o
p
er
ated
.
B
u
t,
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
d
ev
ices
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
ar
e
n
o
t
id
ea
l
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
d
i
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
le
r
an
ce
er
r
o
r
s
,
ea
ch
DC
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
ac
cu
r
atel
y
b
alan
ci
n
g
.
I
t
is
t
h
e
m
a
in
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
ST
A
T
C
OM
,
s
o
it is
ess
e
n
tial
u
s
in
g
an
e
x
tr
a
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
s
[1
5
]
-
[1
8
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
l
iter
atu
r
es
h
a
v
e
d
elib
er
ated
h
o
w
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
b
ala
n
ci
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
is
co
m
b
in
ed
w
i
th
c
lu
s
ter
ed
b
alan
ci
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
r
eg
u
lat
in
g
DC
-
l
in
k
v
o
lta
g
e
[
1
9
]
.
B
u
t,
ass
ig
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
alu
e
s
to
g
ai
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
s
n
o
t e
as
y
[
1
9
]
2.
M
O
DULAT
I
O
N
ST
RAT
E
G
I
E
S
B
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
C
as
ca
d
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
s
ca
n
b
e
c
las
s
if
ied
as
s
tair
ca
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
.
Mo
r
e
R
esear
ch
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
[
1
8
]
,
[
20
]
-
[
2
1
]
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
tair
ca
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
P
W
M.
Mo
s
tly
P
W
M
is
ch
o
s
e
n
w
h
en
a
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
les
s
ca
s
ca
d
ed
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
e
m
o
s
t
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
th
e
1
.
7
k
V
tr
e
n
ch
-
g
ate
i
n
s
u
lated
-
g
ate
b
ip
o
lar
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
(
I
GB
T
s
)
c
an
b
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ed
at
a
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
1
k
Hz
w
it
h
a
le
s
s
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
.
P
W
M
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
o
r
lin
e
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
a
n
d
f
a
u
lt
s
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
le
x
ib
le
i
n
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
to
s
tair
ca
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
2
.
1
.
Sin
us
o
ida
l P
uls
e
Wi
dth
M
o
du
la
t
io
n
Mo
d
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
m
u
ltil
ev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
ca
r
r
ier
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
h
i
f
ted
b
y
h
o
r
izo
n
tall
y
is
P
h
ase
Sh
i
f
t
ed
C
ar
r
ier
PW
M
(
SP
SC
P
W
M
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
als
f
o
r
th
e
SP
SC
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Mo
s
tl
y
p
h
as
e
s
h
i
f
ted
ca
r
r
ier
P
W
M
is
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
s
,
it
r
esu
l
ts
an
ev
e
n
l
y
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
all
ce
lls
an
d
it
is
v
er
y
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
s
ep
ar
atel
y
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
P
SC
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
es
u
lt
s
in
t
h
e
ter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
all
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
id
eb
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
to
2
Nth
ca
r
r
ier
g
r
o
u
p
,
w
h
e
r
e
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
es in
ea
c
h
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
P
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
u
n
ip
o
lar
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
w
it
h
a
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
.
2
k
Hz
is
ap
p
lied
to
a
clu
s
ter
o
f
t
w
o
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
ea
c
h
p
h
a
s
e.
T
h
en
,
th
e
ac
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
ea
ch
c
lu
s
ter
h
as
a
5
-
lev
e
l
lin
e
-
to
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n
e
u
tr
al
P
W
M
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
th
e
lo
w
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s
t h
ar
m
o
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ic
s
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d
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an
d
ce
n
ter
ed
at
4
.
8
k
Hz
(
=
1
.
2
Kh
z
x
2
x
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
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8
694
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f S
ta
r
C
o
n
n
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ted
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
S
TA
TC
O
M u
s
in
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Differ
en
t
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(
C
h
.
Lo
ke
s
h
w
a
r
R
ed
d
y
)
1305
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
ar
r
ier
an
d
r
ef
er
en
c
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
a
f
iv
e
le
v
el
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
i
th
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
P
h
ase
Sh
i
f
ted
C
ar
r
ier
s
tr
ate
g
y
2
.
2
.
M
o
dified
Ca
rr
ier
-
B
a
s
e
d SVP
WM
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
h
e
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
ter
s
ec
to
r
s
to
an
i
n
n
er
s
u
b
h
ex
a
g
o
n
s
ec
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
v
ec
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
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8
,
No
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3
,
Sep
tem
b
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2
0
1
7
:
130
3
–
13
19
1306
w
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8
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1307
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