Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 3
,
Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2015
, pp
. 51
6
~
52
3
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
5
16
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
A Soft Switching Control Strate
gy Based On Interleaved Boost
Converter for BLDC Motor Drive
V. Ramesh, Y.
Kusuma
Latha
Department o
f
Electrical and
Electronics Engin
e
ering, K
L Un
iv
er
sity
, Vadd
eswar
a
m, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Apr 24, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Ju
l 14
,
20
15
Accepte
d
J
u
l 29, 2015
In this paper,
Zero-Voltage-
T
r
a
nsiti
on (ZVT)
based two-cell interleav
ed
boost Power
Factor Correctio
n (PFC
)
converter for permanent magnet
brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive has b
een proposed
.For achievin
g
soft switching, o
n
ly
on
e switch
is used
in auxiliar
y
circu
it which
reduces th
e
torque ripp
le
an
d switching
losses. In
th
is propo
sed control strateg
y
,
the DC
link voltag
e
is which is proportio
nal to
the desired speed of the B
L
DC motor
controlled with interleaved
boost conver
t
er
. In th
is paper, six switch and fou
r
switch VSI is implemente
d with interleaved b
oost converter topolog
y
.
A
comparison is
made between
the six
switch
and four switch VSI fed
P
M
BLDC M
o
tor drive
and
torq
ue Anal
ys
is
as
been don
e.
To
valid
ate
th
e
proposed work, simulation stu
d
y
is presen
ted
.
Th
e results showed that
proposed converter
control strateg
y
operating
under soft switching mode
improves the eff
i
ciency
in wid
e
r
a
nge of
th
e speed contro
l.
Keyword:
Four Switc
h VSI
Int
e
rl
ea
ve
d bo
ost
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
PMBLDC Mot
o
r
Si
x S
w
i
t
c
h
VS
I
Torque Ripple
Zero Vo
ltag
e
Switch
i
ng
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
V. Ram
e
sh,
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
K L Un
iv
ersity,
Vad
d
es
waram
,
G
unt
ur
Dt
,
A
n
dh
ra Pra
d
es
h, I
ndi
a - 5
2
2
5
0
2
.
Em
a
il: ra
m
e
sh
v
a
dd
i601
3@k
l
u
n
i
v
e
rsity.in
1.
INTRODUCTION
A n
u
m
b
er of
soft
-swi
t
c
hi
ng
t
echni
q
u
es
, ga
i
n
i
ng t
h
e feat
u
r
es o
f
zero
-
vo
l
t
a
ge swi
t
c
hi
n
g
(Z
VS
) o
r
zero
-
cu
rre
nt s
w
itchin
g
(ZCS
) fo
r DC-
D
C c
o
n
v
e
r
ters,
hav
e
been p
r
op
ose
d
t
o
re
duce
th
e switch
i
ng
lo
sses an
d
to attain high
efficiency at increas
ed
fre
que
n
cies [1].In the case of
res
o
n
a
nt
co
nve
rt
ers
t
h
e v
o
l
t
a
ge st
r
e
ss o
n
po
we
r swi
t
c
he
s are su
b
j
ect
ed ve
ry
hi
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
ge st
ress
e
s
pecially whe
n
these co
mm
e
n
ts are used
for
high
vol
t
a
ge
ap
pl
i
cat
i
on [
2
]
[
3
]
.
The a
dva
nt
age
of
ZC
S a
nd
ZVS i
s
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
at
ed i
n
m
a
ny
res
ona
nt
c
o
nve
rt
er
.
There
are
n
o
e
x
t
r
a s
w
i
t
c
hes
r
e
qui
red
an
d
he
nce
red
u
ces t
h
e cost
a
n
d m
a
ki
ng t
h
e c
ont
rol
schem
e
sim
p
l
e
.
Th
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
with
th
ese conv
erters is vo
ltag
e
stre
sse
s on
the powe
r s
w
itches are
ve
ry high in t
h
e
reso
na
nt
co
n
v
e
r
t
e
rs,
pa
rt
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
fo
r t
h
e
hi
g
h
-i
np
ut
dc-
vol
t
a
ge a
ppl
i
cat
i
o
n
s
. Passi
ve s
n
ub
bers
achi
e
vi
n
g
ZV
S
are at
t
r
act
i
v
e [4]
,
[5]
,
as t
h
er
e i
s
no ext
r
a act
i
v
e swi
t
c
hes
are requi
red
.
In [
6
]
,
t
h
e bo
o
s
t
conve
rt
er f
o
r t
h
e
pr
o
pose
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge c
ont
rol
l
e
d
d
r
i
v
e,
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
i
s
sel
ect
ed
beca
use
of
i
t
s
hi
g
h
p
o
we
r
han
d
l
i
n
g ca
pac
i
t
y
[7]
It can be
operated as PFC c
o
nve
r
ter whe
n
connected
bet
w
een t
h
e VSI
and t
h
e DBR
fed
from
AC
mains,
b
e
sid
e
s con
t
rollin
g
th
e
vo
ltag
e
at
DC link for t
h
e
d
e
sired
sp
eed
of t
h
e aircond
itio
ner co
m
p
ressor [8
].A
det
a
i
l
e
d pe
rf
o
r
m
a
nce eval
uat
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d d
r
i
v
e i
s
presente i
n
for a
n
air c
o
nditioner com
p
ress
or
dri
v
en
b
y
a PMBLD
C
m
o
to
r
[9
]-
[10
]
.
Thi
s
pa
pe
r p
r
e
s
ent
s
spe
e
d c
o
nt
r
o
l
pre
s
ent
e
d
of PM
B
L
DC
dri
v
e fe
d f
r
om
si
x swi
t
c
h
VS
I an
d f
o
ur
swi
t
c
h VS
I P
M
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r dri
v
e. PM
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r has hi
gh
effien
cy, lo
w m
a
in
tain
ce an
d
lon
g
life. Du
e t
o
fut
u
res PM
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r has
becom
e
a very
po
p
u
l
a
r. PM
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
m
a
ny
adva
nt
age
s
whe
n
com
p
are
d
wi
t
h
ot
he
r t
y
pe of A
C
m
o
t
o
rs. To
r
que ri
ppl
e i
n
P
M
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
m
a
y
be rel
a
t
e
d t
o
i
nve
rt
er o
r
m
o
t
o
r desi
g
n
f
act
ors
o
f
t
h
e m
o
to
r,
wh
ich
resu
lts no
n
i
d
eal
current wav
e
form
s. Th
e cau
s
es sp
ee
d
oscillatio
n
s
an
d
wear and
t
ear of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
51
6 – 523
5
17
mechanical portions
of t
h
e drive, wh
i
c
h
res
u
l
t
s
i
n
vi
b
r
at
i
o
n an
d n
o
i
s
e o
f
t
h
e m
o
t
o
r. The
r
ef
ore m
i
ni
zat
ion
of
vi
b
r
at
i
ons
an
d
noi
se
are c
o
nsi
d
era
b
l
e
i
s
s
u
es i
n
PM
B
L
DC
dr
i
v
e.
In t
h
i
s
pape
r a
new s
o
ft
swi
t
chi
n
g co
nt
r
o
l
st
rat
e
gy
has be
en p
r
o
p
o
sed
b
y
a B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r d
r
i
v
e f
o
r
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n o
f
bot
h si
x
swi
t
c
h a
nd
f
o
ur s
w
i
t
c
h
v
o
l
t
a
ge s
o
u
r
ce c
o
nve
rt
er.
F
u
rt
he
r com
p
ari
s
o
n
i
s
m
a
de
bet
w
ee
n t
h
e si
x s
w
i
t
c
h a
n
d
f
o
u
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
t
h
re
e p
h
ase i
nve
rt
e
r
fe
d
d
r
i
v
e.
T
h
i
s
re
duct
i
on
o
f
po
we
r s
w
i
t
c
he
s f
r
om
six
to
fou
r
imp
r
ov
es th
e reliab
ility o
f
th
e i
n
v
e
rter, size of
th
e in
v
e
rter is red
u
c
ed
and
co
st o
f
th
e inv
e
rter is
also re
duces.
2.
DESC
RIPTI
O
N
OF P
R
O
P
OSED
INTE
R
LEAVED
BO
OST C
O
NVE
RTER
Th
e
p
r
op
osed in
ter
l
eav
ed
bo
ost con
v
e
r
t
er
is
sh
own
in Figure 1
.
In
du
ct
o
r
s
L
1
and
L
2
, MOSFET active
switches
S
1
and
S
2
di
odes
D
1
and
D
2
c
o
m
p
ri
se st
ep-u
p c
o
nve
rsi
o
n
uni
t
.
D
s1
, D
s2
, C
s1
a
nd
C
s2
are the
diodes
connected ba
c
k
to bac
k
a
n
d
output capacita
nce of MOSFE
Ts
S
1
an
d
S
2
, resp
ectiv
ely. Th
e in
pu
t
v
o
ltag
e
so
urce
V
in
, vi
a t
h
e t
w
o
paral
l
e
l
e
d c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
s
, re
pl
eni
s
hes
out
put
ca
paci
t
o
r
C
0
a
nd
t
h
e l
o
ad
.I
n
duct
o
r
L
s
is co
nn
ected
in
p
a
rallel with
t
h
e two
switch
e
s to
d
i
sch
a
rg
e t
h
e elect
ri
c cha
r
ge st
ore
d
wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
out
put
c
a
paci
t
o
rs
C
s1
and
C
s2
p
r
io
r
to
t
h
e
tu
rn
-O
N o
f
S
1
and
S
2
to
fu
lfill zero-vo
ltag
e
t
u
rn
-
ON (ZVS),
an
d
t
h
erefo
r
e,
raises th
e con
v
erter
efficiency. T
o
sim
p
lify the analysis,
L
1
,
L
2
and
C
0
are re
pla
ced by current
and
voltage s
o
urces, re
spect
ively,
as show
n in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fi
gu
re
1.
I
n
t
e
rl
eaved
b
o
o
st
c
o
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
2.
Si
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d ci
rc
ui
t
di
agram
Th
e
fo
llowing
assu
m
p
tio
n
s
are con
s
id
ered before an
alyzing
th
e circu
it operatio
n
1)
The output
capacitor
C
0
is larg
e en
oug
h to
neg
l
ect th
e
vo
ltag
e
ripp
le at ou
t
p
u
t
.
2)
The fo
r
w
ar
d v
o
l
t
a
ge dr
o
p
s
ac
ross
di
od
es
D
1
,
and
D
2
and M
O
SFE
T
S
1
, S
2
,
are neglected.
3)
I
ndu
cto
r
s
L
1
, a
nd
L
2
m
u
st
have l
a
r
g
e i
n
duct
a
nce an
d c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
flowing the
m
are identical consta
nts
,
i.e.,
I
L1
= I
L2
= I
L
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
A S
o
f
t
Sw
i
t
c
hi
n
g
C
ont
r
o
l
St
r
a
t
e
gy B
a
se
d
On
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d B
o
o
s
t
C
onve
r
t
e
r f
o
r BL
DC
M
o
t
o
r
…
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
51
8
4)
Out
put
ca
paci
t
a
nces
of
s
w
i
t
c
hes
C
S1
,
and
C
S2
ha
ve the
sam
e
value
s
, i.e
.,
C
S1
= C
S2
= C
S
.
Th
e two
activ
e MOSFET switch
e
s
S
1
and
S
2
are o
p
e
r
a
t
ed wi
t
h
p
u
l
s
e
wi
dt
h
-
m
odul
a
t
i
on (P
WM
)
t
echni
q
u
e.
The
gat
e
si
g
n
al
f
r
e
que
nci
e
s a
n
d
dut
y
rat
i
o
are si
m
ilar fo
r the two
activ
e
switch
e
s.
Th
ere eig
h
t
m
odes of
o
p
er
at
i
on
of t
h
e c
o
nve
rt
er,
t
h
e e
q
ui
val
e
nt
ci
rcui
t
s
o
f
co
n
v
ert
e
r
and
t
h
e
o
ret
i
cal
wa
vef
o
rm
s are sh
ow
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
es
3 a
n
d
4.
3.
PROP
OSE
D
CO
NTROL
S
C
HE
ME
OF
PMBLDC MOTOR
Figu
r
e
3 sh
ow
s t
h
e
g
e
n
e
ral PMBLD
C
dr
iv
e syst
em
fed b
y
inv
e
rter
with
in
terleav
ed
bo
o
s
t
conv
erter.
The p
r
op
ose
d
ci
rcui
t
di
ag
ra
m
i
s
co
m
p
ri
sed o
f
a b
r
i
d
ge r
ect
i
f
i
e
r, i
n
t
e
rl
e
a
ved
b
oost
c
o
nve
rt
er
fed t
o
t
h
e VS
I.
Figu
re
4
sh
o
w
s
bac
k
em
f wa
v
e
fo
rm
of t
h
e a
n
d
the
co
rre
sp
on
din
g
cu
rre
nt
wave
f
o
rm
of t
h
e BL
DC m
o
tor
.
T
h
e
cur
r
ent
a
n
d ba
ck em
f wave
f
o
rm
s are o
r
i
e
nt
ed t
o
t
h
e rei
g
n
of t
r
apez
oi
dal
wave
sha
p
e i
n
or
der
o
b
t
a
i
n
c
o
nst
a
nt
p
o
wer. Th
erefo
r
e, th
e po
s
itio
n of t
h
e ro
tor is sen
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
s
ition
sen
s
o
r
s wh
ich wo
rk
o
n
th
e
prin
ci
p
l
e of
Hall effect the
signals
from
hall effect se
ns
ors a
r
e
use
d
for
sw
itch
i
ng
pu
lse g
e
n
e
r
a
tion of vo
ltag
e
sou
r
ce show
in
Tab
l
e 1.
Fi
gu
re
3.
Si
x
s
w
i
t
c
h
VS
I fe
d
B
L
DC
dri
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
c
o
nve
rt
er
Fi
gu
re
4.
B
L
D
C
M
o
t
o
r
back
em
f an
d t
h
e
m
o
t
o
r
phase
cu
rr
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
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94
I
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PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
51
6 – 523
5
19
Tabl
e 1. VS
I
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
se
q
u
e
n
ce base
d on
t
h
e Hal
l
Ef
fect
sens
or si
g
n
al
s
H
a
H
b
H
c
E
a
E
b
E
c
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
1
0
-
1
+1
0 0 0 1 1
0
0
1
0
-
1
+1
0
0 1 1 0 0
0
0
1
1
-
1
0
+1
0 1 0 0 1
0
1
0
0
+1
0
-
1
1 0 0 0 0
1
1
0
1
+1
-
1
0
1 0 0 1 0
0
1
1
0
0
+1
-
1
0 0 1 0 0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0
Fi
gu
re 5.
F
o
u
r
Swi
t
c
h VS
I fe
d
B
L
DC
dri
v
e
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
c
o
nve
r
t
er
Fi
gu
re 3 s
h
ow
s t
h
e cl
osed l
o
op s
p
ee
d co
nt
r
o
l
of si
x swi
t
c
h t
h
ree
pha
se i
nve
rt
er fe
d B
L
DC
d
r
i
v
e
syste
m
with
in
terleav
ed
bo
ost co
nv
er
ter u
s
i
n
g
h
y
steresis
cu
rren
t con
t
ro
l
sch
e
m
e
, In
this, we
requ
ire
th
ree
hy
st
eresi
s
c
u
r
r
e
nt
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
rs
an
d we
ha
ve
t
o
sen
s
e st
ator curre
n
ts three
curre
n
t
sensors ar
e
r
e
qu
ir
ed
. Th
is
m
e
t
hod
has
f
o
l
l
o
wi
n
g
dr
aw
ba
cks, c
u
rre
nt
se
nso
r
s a
r
e
b
u
l
k
y
,
hea
v
y
,
e
xpe
nsi
v
e
,
a
nd t
o
r
q
ue fl
uct
u
at
i
o
ns
d
u
e t
o
d
i
fferen
ces in
cu
rren
t sen
s
o
r
sen
s
itiv
ities. Fig
u
re
5
sh
ows t
h
e clo
s
ed
l
o
op sp
eed
c
o
n
t
ro
l o
f
four
switch
th
ree
Phase I
n
vert
er
fed PM
B
L
D
C
M
dri
v
e wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
bo
ost
co
nve
rt
e
r
. Fi
g
u
re
5 sh
ows t
h
e t
h
ree
phase
i
nve
rt
er f
o
ur s
w
i
t
c
h fe
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ved
B
oost
C
o
n
v
ert
e
r.
W
i
t
h
cl
ose
d
l
o
op m
ode
of s
p
e
e
d
cont
rol
.
T
h
e m
o
t
o
r
of
spee
d
c
ont
rol
i
s
ad
va
n
t
ageo
us
beca
us
e of low c
o
st
(2
-capacitor
a
n
d only
4 -swit
c
hes
are u
tilised
) an
d
Lower lo
sses d
u
ring
swit
ch
ing
op
eratio
n
.
Th
e faster
d
y
n
a
m
i
c resp
on
se of driv
e red
u
c
es
ripp
les in
t
o
que, lower vo
ltage stress and
in
crease in th
e
overall p
e
rfo
rm
an
ce
o
f
th
e syst
e
m
.
4.
RESULTS
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ON
4.
1.
Six Switc
h
VS
I Fed
PMBL
DCM Dri
v
e
Th
e p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
ce o
f
th
e thr
e
e leg
in
v
e
r
t
er
fed
PMBLD
C
M d
r
iv
e
w
ith
in
ter
l
eav
ed
boost co
nv
er
ter
un
de
r co
nst
a
nt
t
o
rq
ue wi
t
h
v
a
ri
abl
e
spee
d i
s
eval
uat
e
d
wi
t
h
a spee
d va
ri
at
i
on f
r
om
30
0 r
p
m
t
o
750 r
p
m
at
rat
e
d t
o
r
q
ue o
f
3 Nm
. Fi
gur
e 4 sho
w
s t
h
e
perf
orm
a
nce of PM
B
L
DC
M
dri
v
e usi
n
g
si
x swi
t
c
h V
S
I fe
d
PMBLDCM driv
e with
in
terleav
ed
bo
ost conv
erter at co
ns
tan
t
to
rqu
e
with
v
a
riab
le sp
eed
co
nd
itio
n. Figure 6
sh
ow
s th
e to
rqu
e
r
e
spon
se
of six
sw
itch three ph
ase
i
n
ver
t
er fe
d
PM
B
L
DC
M
d
r
i
v
e
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ve
d
bo
ost
co
nv
erter. Figu
re 6 sh
ows t
h
e to
rqu
e
o
u
t
put o
f
BLDC
m
o
to
r. It is ob
serv
ed th
at t
h
e t
o
q
u
e
raises in
itially a
t
t
=
0.0
1
sec
fr
o
m
0 N-m
t
o
4.
5N
-m
and l
a
t
e
r i
t
fl
uct
u
at
es b
e
t
w
een
2.
5N
-
m
and 3
.
8
N
-m
t
h
ere o
n
w
o
r
ds
. D
u
ri
n
g
th
e t=0
.
45
sec sp
eed tran
sitio
n fro
m
3
5
0
r
p
m
t
o
7
50rp
m
th
e to
rqu
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
arily raises to 9.5N-m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PED
S
I
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:
208
8-8
6
9
4
A S
o
f
t
Sw
i
t
c
hi
n
g
C
ont
r
o
l
St
r
a
t
e
gy B
a
se
d
On
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d B
o
o
s
t
C
onve
r
t
e
r f
o
r BL
DC
M
o
t
o
r
…
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
52
0
Figure 6.
Torque wave
fo
rm
unde
r
varia
b
le s
p
eed condition with
Six
Switc
h
VSI
Fig
u
re
7
.
Sp
eed
wav
e
fo
rm
o
f
th
e driv
e at con
s
tan
t
l
o
ad torq
u
e
and
v
a
riable sp
eed
co
nd
itio
n
with
Six
Switch
VSI
Fi
gu
re
7 sh
o
w
s t
h
e spee
d
w
a
ve f
o
rm
of B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r i
n
com
p
ari
s
i
on
wi
t
h
re
fere
n
n
c
e
spee
d. T
h
e
spee
d rai
s
e
f
r
o
m
200r
pm
at
t=0.
01s
ec a
n
d
s
u
d
d
e
n
l
y
fal
l
s
t
o
30
0r
pm
. Fu
r
t
her t
h
e s
p
eed
rai
s
es t
o
3
0
0
r
p
m
at
t
=
0.0
3
sec t
h
e s
p
eed i
s
m
a
i
n
t
a
ined a
r
o
u
n
d
3
0
0
r
p
m
from
t
=
0.0
3
sec.
At
t
=
0.
45 se
c t
h
e s
p
ee
d rai
s
es
fr
om
300 t
o
7
5
0
rp
m
an
d
g
r
ad
u
a
lly settles
d
o
wn
at t=1 sec to
a
stead
y st
ate v
a
lu
e of
7
5
0
r
p
m
.
Fig
u
re
8
.
Stator cu
rren
t
wav
e
fo
rm
at co
n
s
tant To
rq
u
e
with
v
a
riab
le
sp
eed co
nd
itio
n
wit
h
Six
Switch
VSI
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
c
e
s
T
o
rq
u
e
(N
-m
)
T
o
r
q
u
e
R
e
s
pon
s
e
M
o
t
o
r T
o
rq
u
e
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e T
o
qr
ue
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
40
0
50
0
60
0
70
0
80
0
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
c
e
s
S
peed
i
n
R
P
M
S
p
e
e
d
R
e
sp
o
n
se
M
o
t
o
r
A
c
t
ual
S
p
eed
R
e
f
e
r
enc
e
S
p
eed
0
0.
2
5
0.
5
0.
7
5
1
1.
2
5
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
C
u
r
r
ent
i
n
A
m
ps
S
t
at
or
C
u
r
r
e
nt
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
51
6 – 523
5
21
Fi
gu
re
8
sh
o
w
s t
h
e
st
at
or
cu
rre
nt
wave
fo
r
m
one o
f
t
h
e
pha
se
of
B
L
D
C
m
o
t
o
r d
r
i
v
e
sy
st
em
. The
st
at
or cu
rre
nt
at
t
=
0.01 sec i
s
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
ed at
const
a
nt
val
u
e of 2.
8
A
m
p
s. Duri
ng t
h
e ab
ru
pt
cha
nge i
n
speed
fr
om
300r
pm
to 7
0
0
r
p
m
at
t
=
0.
45 sec
.
T
h
e s
t
at
or cu
rre
nt
ra
i
s
es t
o
6.
9
A
m
p
s and
reac
hes t
o
p
r
evi
o
u
s
val
u
e o
f
the
cu
rre
nt wa
ve fo
rm
.
Fig
u
re
9
.
Back EMF at co
nstan
t
torqu
e
with
v
a
riab
le sp
eed
co
nd
itio
n wit
h
Six
Switch
VSI
Figure 9 s
h
ows the Back EMF wave form at th
e BLDC
m
o
tor drive
syste
m
. The back EMF wa
ve
form
is trap
ezo
id
al in
n
a
t
u
re t=0
.
01
sec and
m
a
in
tain
ed a steady value of the 18
V
.
B
u
t
du
ri
n
g
t
h
e dy
nam
i
c
response
of BL
DC m
o
tor, at t
=
0.45s
ec
back
EMF reac
h
e
s t
o
55V an
d th
en
after m
a
in
tain
ed
th
at
v
a
lue.
4.
2.
Four
Switch VSI Fed PMB
L
DCM Drive
The pe
rf
orm
a
nce of Fo
u
r
Swi
t
ch VSI
fed P
M
B
L
DC
M
dri
v
e wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
e
a
ved
bo
ost
co
n
v
ert
e
r
un
de
r
con
s
t
a
nt
t
o
rq
u
e
wi
t
h
vari
a
b
l
e
spee
d i
s
e
v
a
l
uat
e
d
wi
t
h
a
spee
d va
ri
at
i
o
n f
r
o
m
300
r
p
m
t
o
7
50
r
p
m
at
rat
e
d
to
rq
u
e
of
3
Nm
Fig
u
r
e 5 sh
ow
s t
h
e torqu
e
r
e
spon
se
of
Fo
ur
Sw
itch V
S
I
f
e
d
PMBLD
C
M dr
iv
e w
ith
i
n
t
e
rl
eave
d
b
o
o
st
co
n
v
ert
e
r
.
Fi
gu
re
10 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e t
o
r
que
out
put
of B
L
D
C
m
o
t
o
r.
It
i
s
obs
er
ved t
h
at
t
h
e t
o
que
raises in
itially
at t=0
.
0
1
sec fro
m
0
N-m to
4
.
5N-m
an
d
later it flu
c
tu
ates b
e
tween
2
.
5N-m an
d
3
.
8
N
-m th
ere
on
w
o
r
d
s.
Du
ri
ng t
h
e t
=
0
.
4
5
s
ec. Spee
d t
r
an
si
t
i
on fr
om
350r
pm
t
o
75
0r
p
m
t
h
e t
o
rque
m
o
m
e
nt
ari
l
y
rises t
o
9.
5N
-m
.Tor
qu
e ri
p
p
l
e
co
nt
e
n
t
i
s
l
e
ss w
h
e
n
com
p
are
d
w
i
t
h
si
x s
w
i
t
c
h
t
h
ree
pha
se i
n
vert
er
fe
d PM
B
L
DC
M
Dri
v
e. B
u
t at st
artin
g m
o
to
r rotates with
v
e
ry
h
i
gh
sp
eed
.
Fig
u
re
10
. Torq
u
e
wav
e
form
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
riab
le sp
eed
co
nd
ition
with
Fou
r
Switch
VSI
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Ba
c
k
EM
F
Ti
m
e
i
n
S
e
c
s
S
t
at
or
V
o
l
t
age
(
V
ol
t
s
)
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
T
i
m
e
i
n
se
co
n
d
s
T
or
qu
e(
N
-m
)
T
o
ru
e R
e
s
p
ons
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
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:
208
8-8
6
9
4
A S
o
f
t
Sw
i
t
c
hi
n
g
C
ont
r
o
l
St
r
a
t
e
gy B
a
se
d
On
I
n
t
e
rl
eave
d B
o
o
s
t
C
onve
r
t
e
r f
o
r BL
DC
M
o
t
o
r
…
(V.
Ram
e
sh
)
52
2
Fi
gu
re
1
1
.
Spe
e
d
wave
f
o
rm
of
t
h
e
dri
v
e at
con
s
t
a
nt
l
o
a
d
t
o
r
q
ue a
n
d
va
ri
abl
e
s
p
eed
co
n
d
i
t
i
on
wi
t
h
Fo
ur
Switch
VSI
Fi
gu
re 1
1
s
h
o
w
s t
h
e s
p
eed
wave
fo
rm
of B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r wi
t
h
p
r
o
p
o
se
d dri
v
e m
odel
.
The spee
d rai
s
e
s
fr
om
500r
pm
at
t
=
0.0
1
sec an
d su
d
d
enl
y
fal
l
s
t
o
3
0
0
r
pm
. Furt
her, t
h
e spe
e
d rai
s
es t
o
30
0r
pm
at
t
=
0.0
3
s
ec t
h
e
spee
d i
s
m
a
i
n
tai
n
ed a ro
u
nd
30
0
r
pm
from
t=0.
03s
ec. At
t
=
0.
45 sec t
h
e s
p
eed rai
s
es
fr
o
m
300 t
o
7
50 r
p
m
and
g
r
adu
a
lly settle
s do
wn
at
t=1
sec to
a
stead
y state v
a
lu
e
o
f
75
0rp
m
.
Fig
u
re 12
. Stato
r
curren
t
respo
n
s
e at co
n
s
tant To
rqu
e
with
v
a
riab
le
sp
eed co
nd
itio
n
wit
h
Fou
r
Switch
VSI
Figure 12 s
h
ows the stator
current
wave
form
prop
ose
d
B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
e sy
st
em
. The st
at
o
r
cur
r
ent
at
t
=
0.
01 sec i
s
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
ed at
co
nst
a
nt
val
u
e
of
2.
8Am
p
s. D
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e a
b
r
upt
c
h
an
ge i
n
s
p
ee
d f
r
om
30
0
r
pm
t
o
70
0
r
pm
at
t
=
0.45
sec t
h
e st
at
or
cur
r
ent
rai
s
es t
o
8.9Am
p
s and reac
hes to
previ
ous
value
of the
current wa
ve form
.
Fig
u
re
13
. Back
EMF at con
s
t
a
n
t
torqu
e
with v
a
riab
le sp
eed con
d
ition
with Fou
r
Switch
VSI
0
0.
25
0.
5
0.
75
1
1.
25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
S
p
eed i
n
R
P
M
S
peed R
e
s
pons
e
M
o
t
o
r
A
c
t
ual
S
peed
M
o
t
o
r
R
eder
enc
e
S
peed
0
0.
25
0.
5
0.
7
5
1
1.
25
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
C
u
r
r
ent
i
n
A
m
ps
S
t
a
t
o
r
C
u
rr
en
t
R
e
s
pons
e
0
0.
25
0.
5
0.
75
1
1.
2
5
-8
0
-6
0
-4
0
-2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
S
t
at
or V
o
l
t
age
i
n
V
o
l
t
s
Ba
c
k
EMF
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6, No
. 3, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
2
015
:
51
6 – 523
5
23
Fi
gu
re
13 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e B
a
c
k
E
M
F wav
e
f
o
rm
at
const
a
nt
t
o
r
que
. T
h
e bac
k
EM
F wa
ve f
o
r
m
i
s
t
r
apezoi
d
al
i
n
nat
u
re t
=
0.
0
1
sec a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
ed a st
ea
d
y
val
u
e
of
t
h
e
40
V.
B
u
t
du
ri
ng
t
h
e
dy
nam
i
c res
p
o
n
se
of
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r, at t=0
.
45
sec
b
a
ck
EM
F reach
e
s t
o
55V an
d th
en
after m
a
in
tain
ed
at sam
e
v
a
lu
e.
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In t
h
i
s
pa
per
,
a cont
r
o
l
st
rat
e
gy
fo
r PM
B
L
DC
M
dri
v
e wi
t
h
si
x swi
t
c
h an
d fo
ur s
w
i
t
c
h VSI fe
d
B
L
DC
M
o
t
o
r
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
rl
ea
ve
d b
o
o
st
co
n
v
er
t
e
r wi
t
h
ze
ro
vol
t
a
ge t
u
r
n
-o
n ha
s bee
n
de
vel
o
ped
.
C
o
m
p
ari
s
on
has
been m
a
de bet
w
ee
n si
x s
w
i
t
c
h an
d
fo
ur
swi
t
c
h
VSI
fe
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
wi
t
h
p
r
op
ose
d
cont
rol
st
rat
e
g
y
an
d
it is fo
u
n
d
th
at
fou
r
switch
VSI fed
BLDC
m
o
to
r is
b
e
tter th
an
six
switch
VSI fe
d
BLDC m
o
to
r. From th
e
resu
lt, it is o
b
serv
ed
th
at th
ere is less to
rqu
e
rip
p
l
e
a
n
d swi
t
chi
ng l
o
sses i
n
f
o
u
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
VSI
fe
d B
L
DC
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
e c
o
m
p
ared to six switch
inve
rter
fed dri
v
e a
n
d also
it takes
very less
tim
e
to reach the steady state s
p
eed.
REFERE
NC
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[1]
Yao-Ching Hsieh, Te-Ch
i
n Hsueh, a
nd Hau-C
h
en Yen, “An Interleaved Bo
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e
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EE
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oost converter
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c v
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ltag
e
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EEE
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ans. Pow
e
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94–1401, Jul. 20
07.
[6]
W. Li
and X. H
e
, “ZVT
inter
l
eaved boost conv
erters
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ef
ficiency
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IET
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l. 1, no. 2,
pp. 284–290,
Mar. 2007
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[7]
G. Yao, A. Ch
en,
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n
g
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c
uit for in
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eaved boost
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IE
EE T
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e
r
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86, Jan
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Lehm
an, “
D
ual i
n
terl
eaved
act
iv
e-cl
am
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a
ti
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charge b
a
lan
ce r
e
gula
tion for hig
h
input voltag
e
ap
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”
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IEEE Trans. Power
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.
2008
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[9]
A. Jey
a
Selvan
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mar “Analy
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le Speed
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e”,
International
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urnal of Power
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JPEDS)
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.
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r
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[10]
S. Kaliappan
,
R. Rajeswari, “A Nove
l Approach
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urnal of Power
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tronics and Drive System (
I
JPEDS)
,
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y
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23 ISSN: 2088-8694.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
V.
Ramesh
rece
ived his
B.T
ech
degree
in El
ectr
i
cal
&
Electron
ics Engineering fr
om Vaagdevi
Institute of T
ech
nolog
y
and Sci
e
nce, Proddatur
,
I
ndia, M.T
ech degree from
Sreenivasa Institut
e
of Techno
log
y
and Managemen
t
Studies, Chitto
r, India
in 2008
and 2013 respectiv
ely
.
He
is
pres
entl
y purs
i
n
g
P
h
.D in K L Univers
i
t
y
, Vad
d
es
waram
,
India
.
His
areas
of in
teres
t
a
r
e P
o
wer
Ele
c
troni
cs &
Drives
Y. Kusuma La
tha
received
the
B.Tech (
E
le
ctri
cal and E
l
e
c
tron
ics
Engine
ering)
degree from
Nagarjuna Univ
ersity
, Guntur.A
.P, India, M.T
ech degree from Jawaharlal
Nehru
Technolog
ical
University
, Anantapur, Ind
i
a in
2000 and 2004 resp
ectively
.
Sh
e
received her Ph.D degree from
Jawaharlal Nehru Technol
ogical University
, Anantapur, in 2011.
She is presently
working as a
Professor, Department of EEE,
K L University
,
Green Fields,
Vaddeswaram,
Guntur District.
Her are
a
s of in
t
e
rest
are Power
Qualit
y,
Harm
onic m
itig
ation
te
chniques,
Activ
e power f
ilt
ers
and DSP Contro
llers
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.