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y
co
u
ld
a
ls
o
b
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
is
o
lated
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
(
T
P
DA
B
)
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
T
P
DA
B
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
l
e
f
o
r
a
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
a
p
p
licatio
n
,
as
it
h
a
s
s
e
v
er
al
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
at
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
lo
w
t
u
r
n
-
o
f
f
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
ts
in
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es,
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
ilter
v
o
lu
m
e
an
d
co
s
ts
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
ar
e
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
te
d
o
r
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icles
[
1
7
]
an
d
[
1
8
]
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
T
P
DA
B
o
v
er
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
,
t
h
e
m
o
u
ld
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
n
ee
d
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
in
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
g
ain
in
g
i
n
ter
est
f
o
r
ap
p
l
icatio
n
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es h
i
g
h
-
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
T
P
DA
B
b
ased
o
n
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
i
n
[
9
]
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
m
o
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
T
P
DA
B
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
d
e
-
by
-
m
o
d
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
alf
o
f
th
e
T
P
DA
B
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ac
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
.
T
h
is
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
b
e
an
i
n
itia
l
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
a
n
d
t
o
aid
s
t
u
d
en
ts
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
s
o
f
t
h
e
T
P
DA
B
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
also
d
is
cu
s
s
es t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
T
P
DA
B
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
O
F
A
T
P
DAB
Fig
u
r
e
1
a
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
ir
cu
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
a
T
P
DA
B
.
I
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
b
r
id
g
e
1
a
n
d
b
r
id
g
e
2
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
b
r
id
g
es
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
er
e
V
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
at
b
r
id
g
e
1
,
an
d
V
2
is
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
at
b
r
id
g
e
2
.
A
t
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
id
g
e
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ix
I
GB
T
s
as
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
h
es,
w
it
h
a
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
l
in
g
d
io
d
e
an
d
a
s
n
u
b
b
er
ca
p
a
cito
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
t
o
ea
ch
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
l
in
g
d
io
d
es
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
T
P
DA
B
s
o
th
at
it
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
ath
to
t
r
an
s
f
er
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
I
G
B
T
s
ar
e
g
ated
to
t
u
r
n
o
f
f
,
an
d
th
e
s
n
u
b
b
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
Z
VS
o
p
er
atio
n
.
A
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
p
er
atio
n
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
alv
an
ic
is
o
latio
n
w
h
ile
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
tu
r
n
r
atio
,
d
is
N
1
:
N
2
,
w
h
er
e
N
1
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s
o
n
b
r
id
g
e
1
s
id
e
an
d
N
2
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
u
r
n
s
o
n
b
r
id
g
e
2
s
id
e.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ap
p
lied
to
th
i
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
u
s
u
al
l
y
ab
o
v
e
2
0
k
Hz.
I
t
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
au
d
ib
le
n
o
is
es,
a
n
d
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
m
a
g
n
e
tic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
A
t
b
r
id
g
e
1
,
S
11
to
S
16
ar
e
I
GB
T
s
,
an
d
D
11
to
D
16
ar
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
es.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
i
s
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
al,
b
r
id
g
e
2
h
as
s
i
m
ilar
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
an
d
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
w
h
er
e,
S
21
to
S
26
ar
e
I
GB
T
s
,
an
d
D
21
to
D
26
ar
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
es.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
n
u
m
b
er
r
ep
r
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t
s
t
h
e
b
r
id
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
,
eit
h
er
1
o
r
2
,
w
h
er
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s
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
u
b
s
cr
i
p
t n
u
m
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m
b
er
,
f
r
o
m
1
to
6
.
T
11
D
11
T
13
D
13
T
15
D
15
T
12
D
12
T
14
D
14
T
16
D
16
T
21
D
21
T
23
D
23
T
25
D
25
T
22
D
22
T
24
D
24
T
26
D
26
V
1
V
2
Bri
dge
1
Bri
dge
2
N
:
1
T
11
D
11
T
13
D
13
T
15
D
15
T
12
D
12
T
14
D
14
T
16
D
16
T
21
D
21
T
23
D
23
T
25
D
25
T
22
D
22
T
24
D
24
T
26
D
26
V
1
V
1
'
Bri
dge
1
Bri
dge
2
L
a
L
b
L
c
i
a
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I
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Th
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a
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s
o
f a
Th
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ter Usi
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1
2
3
4
5
6
B
r
i
d
g
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1
D
11
, T
11
T
11
T
11
T
11
T
11
T
11
T
14
T
14
T
14
T
14
D
13
, T
13
T
13
T
15
T
15
D
16
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16
T
16
T
16
T
16
B
r
i
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D
22
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D
21
D
21
D
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24
D
24
D
24
D
24
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24
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24
D
23
D
25
D
25
D
25
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25
D
26
D
26
D
26
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gatin
g
s
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g
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
a
T
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ased
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p
h
ase
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s
h
i
f
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
(
a)
B
r
id
g
e
1
.
(
b
)
B
r
id
g
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
b
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
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n
f
ig
u
r
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n
o
f
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h
e
T
P
D
A
B
r
e
f
er
r
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to
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e
b
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l
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ai
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e
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g
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w
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b
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is
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o
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r
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ed
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en
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as
V
1
’
(
)
.
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h
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th
r
ee
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p
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as
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m
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ase
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ase
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n
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er
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ea
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ce
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ca
n
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e
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ep
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ted
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leak
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e
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n
d
u
c
to
r
s
as
d
er
iv
e
d
in
[
3
]
an
d
[
9
]
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
an
s
f
o
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.
3.
ANALY
SI
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F
T
H
E
T
P
D
A
B
O
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RATI
N
G
M
O
DE
S
T
ab
le
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p
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s
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th
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b
ased
o
n
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ase
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s
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if
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m
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latio
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[
9
]
.
T
y
p
icall
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,
t
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ar
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t
w
el
v
e
m
o
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atin
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ase
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u
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2
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h
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11
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r
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at
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22
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c
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u
r
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atin
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ates
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u
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atin
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2
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u
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Fig
u
r
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r
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atio
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e
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25
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T
16
.
3
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.
M
o
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Fig
u
r
e
3
d
s
h
o
w
s
m
o
d
e
4
o
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er
atio
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o
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e
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h
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n
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T
11
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T
14
,
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d
T
16
ar
e
tu
r
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ed
o
n
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n
er
g
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an
s
f
er
r
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f
r
o
m
So
u
r
ce
V
1
to
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1
’
v
ia
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
o
f
T
11
-
D
21
-
D
24
-
T
14
an
d
T
11
-
D
21
-
D
26
-
T
16
.
T
h
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
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g
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
c
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n
s
tan
t.
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lly
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o
en
er
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to
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o
r
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p
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lied
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y
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cto
r
s
.
3
.
5
.
M
o
de
5
(
2
π
/3
<
θ ≤
ϕ
+
2
π
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)
Fig
u
r
e
3
e
illu
s
tr
ates
m
o
d
e
5
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
T
P
DA
B
.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
e,
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
T
11
, T
13
, T
16
,
an
d
T
24
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
.
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n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
V
1
an
d
L
a
is
tr
an
s
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er
r
ed
to
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o
u
r
ce
V
1
’
an
d
in
d
u
cto
r
L
c
w
h
en
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h
e
cu
r
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t
f
lo
w
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
o
f
T
11
-
D
21
-
D
26
-
T
16
.
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n
itiall
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n
d
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ct
o
r
L
b
also
s
u
p
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lies
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n
er
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’
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e
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r
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t
f
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te
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f
D
21
-
D
24
-
D
13
-
T
11
.
On
ce
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e
c
u
r
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en
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L
b
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c
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ze
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o
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13
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r
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o
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1
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t
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e
cu
r
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en
t r
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te
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f
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13
-
T
24
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D
26
-
T
16
.
3
.
6
.
M
o
de
6
(
ϕ
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2
π
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Fig
u
r
e
3
f
s
h
o
w
s
m
o
d
e
6
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
T
P
DA
B
.
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r
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n
g
th
e
m
o
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tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
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s
,
T
11
,
T
13
,
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d
T
16
ar
e
tu
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ed
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n
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n
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er
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21
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D
26
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13
-
D
23
-
D
26
-
T
16
.
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h
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
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g
e
o
f
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r
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t
in
th
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d
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co
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s
tan
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lly
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o
r
s
u
p
p
lied
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y
th
e
in
d
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r
s
.
4.
P
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WE
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F
L
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W
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NAL
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q
u
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1
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t
h
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eq
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v
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u
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ce
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f
th
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I
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I
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u
r
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4
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d
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atin
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ase
A
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a)
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'
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/
3
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
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1
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:
495
–
503
502
T
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ce
cu
r
r
en
t
is
b
ein
g
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
b
r
id
g
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
w
h
en
is
[
9
]
:
(
2
2
)
Fo
r
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
is
[
9
]
:
(
2
3
)
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
d
u
al
-
ac
ti
v
e
b
r
id
g
e
(
T
PDA
B
)
b
ased
o
n
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
I
t
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ac
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
i
n
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
i
s
o
lated
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
e
s
l
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
an
al
y
s
ed
,
lead
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
in
th
e
T
P
DA
B
,
th
at
i
s
b
ased
o
n
f
ir
s
t p
r
in
cip
les.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
th
e
Mi
n
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
c
atio
n
an
d
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
en
ag
a
N
asio
n
al
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
f
i
n
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
FR
GS P
r
o
j
ec
t N
o
.
FR
GS
/1
/2
0
1
7
/
T
K0
4
/UNI
T
E
N
/0
2
/4
an
d
B
OL
D
Gr
an
t P
r
o
j
e
ct
No
.
1
0
2
8
9
1
7
6
/B
/9
/2
0
1
7
/
4
8
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
V
.
V.
S
.
K.
B
h
a
jan
a
,
“
S
im
u
latio
n
Ba
se
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
A
c
ti
v
e
Cla
m
p
DH
B
ZV
ZCS
Bid
i
re
c
ti
o
n
a
l
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
4
5
-
3
5
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
2
.
[
2
]
N.
M
.
L
.
T
a
n
,
T
.
A
b
e
,
H.
Ak
a
g
i,
“
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
Is
o
late
d
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rters
”
,
8
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
–
ECCE
Asia
,
W
e
F2
-
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
9
-
1
0
4
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
3
]
M
.
H.
Kh
e
ra
lu
w
a
la,
R.
W
.
Ga
sc
o
ig
n
e
,
D.
M
.
Div
a
n
,
a
n
d
E.
D.
Ba
u
m
a
n
n
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
d
u
a
l
a
c
ti
v
e
b
rid
g
e
d
c
-
to
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
4
–
1
3
0
1
,
No
v
.
/De
c
.
1
9
9
2
.
[
4
]
S
.
B.
Kja
e
r,
J.
K.
P
e
d
e
rse
n
,
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
“
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
a
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
in
v
e
rters
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
m
o
d
u
les
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
Ap
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
2
–
1
3
0
6
,
S
e
p
t.
/Oc
t.
2
0
0
5
.
[
5
]
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
Z.
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
B
a
e
k
h
o
e
j,
“
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
s
e
ff
icie
n
t
in
terf
a
c
e
in
d
isp
e
rse
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
4
–
1
1
9
4
,
S
e
p
t.
2
0
0
4
.
[
6
]
G
.
J.
T
o
rv
e
tj
o
n
n
,
T
.
M
.
Un
d
e
la
n
d
,
O.
R.
S
c
h
m
id
t,
a
n
d
J.
H.
Bry
d
e
,
“
A
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
p
h
a
se
sh
if
t
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
lo
ss
les
s
sn
u
b
b
e
rs
f
o
r
u
se
in
a
2
0
0
A
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
e
r
w
o
rk
in
g
o
n
4
0
0
V
m
a
in
s,”
in
Pro
c
.
1
7
th
.
In
t
.
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
.
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
f.
(
INT
EL
EC)
,
No
v
.
1
9
9
5
,
p
p
.
4
8
9
–
4
9
5
.
[
7
]
N.
M
.
L
.
T
a
n
,
S
.
In
o
u
e
,
A
.
Ko
b
a
y
a
sh
i,
a
n
d
H.
A
k
a
g
i,
“
V
o
lt
a
g
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
o
f
a
3
2
0
-
V
,
1
2
-
F
e
lec
t
ric
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
b
a
n
k
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
w
it
h
a
1
0
-
k
W
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
iso
late
d
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
w
e
r
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
5
–
2
7
6
5
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
0
8
.
[
8
]
N.
M
.
L
.
T
a
n
,
T
.
A
b
e
,
a
n
d
H.
Ak
a
g
i,
“
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
is
o
late
d
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
a
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
r
g
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
,
”
to
b
e
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
i
n
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
9
]
R.
W
.
De
Do
n
c
k
e
r,
D.
M
.
Div
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
H.
Kh
e
ra
l
u
w
a
la,
“
A
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
so
f
t
-
s
w
it
c
h
e
d
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
-
d
e
n
sity
d
c
/d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
l.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
–
7
3
,
F
e
b
.
1
9
9
1
.
[
1
0
]
F
.
Krism
e
r,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
d
u
a
l
a
c
ti
v
e
b
rid
g
e
d
c
–
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
,
”
P
h
.
D.
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
S
y
st
.
L
a
b
.
(
P
ES
),
ET
H Z
u
rich
,
Zu
r
ich
,
S
w
it
z
e
rlan
d
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
1
1
]
N.
S
c
h
ib
li
,
“
S
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
w
it
h
t
w
o
q
u
a
d
ra
n
t
DC
–
DC
fe
e
d
in
g
,
”
P
h
.
D.
d
is
se
rtatio
n
,
Eco
le
P
o
ly
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
F
e
d
e
ra
le d
e
L
a
u
sa
n
n
e
,
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
L
a
b
.
,
L
a
u
sa
n
n
e
,
S
w
it
z
e
rlan
d
,
2
0
0
0
.
[
1
2
]
S
.
In
o
u
e
a
n
d
H.
A
k
a
g
i,
“
A
b
id
ir
e
c
ti
o
n
a
l
iso
late
d
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
s
a
c
o
re
c
ircu
it
o
f
th
e
n
e
x
t
-
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
e
d
iu
m
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
st
e
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
t
ro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
3
5
–
5
4
2
,
M
a
r.
2
0
0
7
.
[
1
3
]
D.
Do
n
g
,
I
.
Cv
e
tk
o
v
ic,
D.
Bo
r
o
y
e
v
ich
,
W
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
R.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
a
tt
a
v
e
ll
i,
“
G
rid
-
in
terf
a
c
e
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
DC
d
ist
rib
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
—
P
a
rt
1
:
Hig
h
-
d
e
n
sity
tw
o
-
sta
g
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
5
–
1
6
6
6
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
4
]
D.
Do
n
g
,
I
.
Cv
e
tk
o
v
ic,
D.
Bo
r
o
y
e
v
ich
,
W
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
R.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
a
tt
a
v
e
ll
i,
“
G
rid
-
in
terf
a
c
e
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
DC
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
—
P
a
rt
2
:
A
C
a
n
d
DC
in
terf
a
c
e
d
e
sig
n
w
it
h
p
a
ss
iv
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
m
in
i
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
7
–
1
6
7
9
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
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g
.
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m
s
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n
g
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rs
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),
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ra
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te M
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g
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).
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ss
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in
re
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d
th
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n
s.)
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n
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tri
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l
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th
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re
r
w
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h
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g
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r
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ter
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in
c
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ste
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d
y
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sta
te
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic an
a
l
y
sis o
f
a
c
/d
c
s
y
ste
m
.
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