Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
Vol
.
5
,
No
. 2, Oct
o
ber
2
0
1
4
,
pp
. 21
1~
21
8
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
2
11
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Voltage Flicker Mitigation in
Electric Arc Furnace using
D-STATCOM
Deepthisree M, Ilango
K, Kirthi
ka Devi
V S, Manjula
G Nair
Departem
ent
of
Ele
c
tri
cal
and
E
l
ectron
i
cs
Eng
i
ne
ering,
Am
rita Vi
s
h
wa Vid
y
ape
e
t
h
am
, Am
rita S
c
h
ool of
Engin
eeri
ng,
Bengaluru
, Ind
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
May 10, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Au
g 2, 201
4
Accepted Aug 20, 2014
The major
power quality
issue
of voltage
f
lick
e
r has r
e
sulted
as a ser
i
ous
concern for th
e
cus
t
om
ers
and heav
y power
com
p
anies
.
Volt
age
flick
e
r is
an
impression of u
n
steadin
ess of
visual
sensation
induced b
y
a light source
whose luminance fluctu
ates with tim
e. This phenomenon is
experienced
when an Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF) as load
is connected
to
the power
s
y
stem
. Flexib
le
AC transm
ission devi
ces (FACTS) devices wer
e
gradually
utili
zed for vol
t
a
ge fli
c
ker r
e
du
ction
.
In this p
a
per th
e FACTS device of
Distribution Static S
y
nchronous
Comp
ensator (D-STATCOM)
is used to
serve the purpo
se of m
itigatin
g
voltag
e
fli
c
keri
ng caused b
y
e
l
ec
tric
ar
c
furnace
lo
ad,
which
is
eff
i
ci
entl
y contro
lled
b
y
I
c
os
ɸ
control algo
rithm. Th
e
m
odel of ele
c
tri
c
arc furna
ce
is
c
ons
idered as
a
c
u
rrent s
ource
co
ntrolled b
y
a
non linear r
e
sistance, which h
a
d been simulated and per
f
or
mance was
anal
yz
ed
us
ing
M
A
TLAB/S
I
MULINK S
o
ftware.
Keyword:
D-S
T
ATC
O
M
-
Distri
butio
n
Static Syn
c
hr
on
ou
s
Co
m
p
en
sato
r
EAF-Electric a
r
c furnace
Power Qu
ality
THD
-
T
o
t
a
l
ha
r
m
oni
c di
st
ort
i
o
n
Vo
ltag
e
Flick
e
r
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Ilango.K
,
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Am
rita Vish
wa v
i
d
y
ap
eeth
a
m
Un
i
v
ersity,Am
r
ita Schoo
l of
Eng
i
n
eeri
n
g,
Kasav
a
n
a
h
a
lli, Carm
elara
m
(Po
s
t), Ben
g
a
l
u
ru, Ind
i
a-
56
003
5
Em
a
il: k
ilan
g
o
2
002
@g
m
a
il.c
o
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
Th
e
q
u
a
lity o
f
p
o
wer is a
g
r
eat co
n
c
ern for th
e
h
e
av
y power co
m
p
an
ies an
d
end
u
s
ers. Th
ere are
man
y
p
o
wer
qu
ality issu
es su
ch as sag
,
swell, h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs, switch
i
ng
t
r
an
sien
ts, i
n
terrup
tion
s
,
ov
erv
o
ltag
e
,
u
n
d
e
r vo
ltag
e
, vo
ltag
e
flicker, low
po
wer
facto
r
etc.
The qu
ality o
f
po
wer
h
a
s an
eco
n
o
m
ic i
m
p
a
ct o
n
consum
ers.
Nonlinearity in the loa
d
ca
uses
harm
onics
which ca
n ca
use
drastic effects
on the
power s
u
pply
and a
dve
rsely affect the
pe
rform
a
nce of
othe
r elect
rica
l equipm
ents.
Electric Arc
Furnace
is
one suc
h
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t, when
conn
ected
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
syste
m
resu
lts in
vo
ltag
e
fl
u
c
tu
atio
n
s
wh
ich
lead to
th
e power
qu
ality
pr
o
b
l
e
m
of v
o
l
t
a
ge fl
i
c
ker
,
po
wer fact
or
redect
i
o
n, an
d harm
oni
c di
st
ort
i
o
n i
n
t
h
e
el
ect
ri
c gri
d
.
These
problem
s
reduces the electrical equi
pm
ent efficiency. The problem
s ca
us
e
d
by electric arc furnace
can be
sol
v
e
d
by
u
s
i
n
g m
a
ny
t
echni
que
s, he
re D
-
STATC
O
M
ha
s been sel
ect
e
d
f
o
r m
i
ti
gat
i
ng v
o
l
t
a
ge fl
i
c
k
e
r an
d
redu
ction
o
f
t
o
tal h
a
rm
o
n
i
c d
i
sto
r
tio
n. Trad
i
tio
n
a
lly, SVC (Static Var Com
p
en
sato
rs)
were u
s
ed
to
so
l
v
e th
e
pr
o
b
l
e
m
of vol
t
a
ge fl
i
c
ke
r,
react
i
v
e p
o
w
ercom
p
ensat
i
o
n an
d
po
wer
fact
or c
o
r
r
ec
t
i
on b
u
t
i
t
ha
d fe
w
d
i
sadv
an
tag
e
s
th
at it g
e
n
e
r
a
tes lo
w
e
r
ord
e
r
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs an
d
tak
e
s longer
r
e
spon
se time co
m
p
ar
ed to
D
-
STATC
O
M
.
T
h
e
D-S
T
A
T
COM
is a
n
I
G
B
T
-ba
s
ed voltage source
inverter
w
h
ich
deli
vers
faste
r
re
s
p
o
n
se
,
po
we
r fact
o
r
i
m
provem
e
nt
and
harm
oni
c r
e
duct
i
o
n,
v
o
l
t
a
ge sag m
i
ti
gat
i
on si
nce i
t
us
es hi
g
h
l
y
adva
nce
d
po
we
r s
w
i
t
c
he
s [
1
]
.
D-S
T
AT
C
O
M
be
ne
fi
t
s
i
n
red
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e lo
sses b
y
m
a
in
tain
in
g
h
i
gh
p
o
wer fact
o
r
at th
e
lo
ad
end
,
wh
ich
elimin
ates voltag
e
sag
s
, swells an
d
t
r
ansients. If a
D-STATCOM is
well d
e
sign
ed
it serv
es as
an ad
vant
a
g
e
o
us i
n
vest
m
e
nt
f
o
r t
h
e
po
wer c
o
m
p
ani
e
s
and
can bring productive gai
n
s for the com
p
any as well
as cust
om
ers.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
2
,
O
c
t
o
b
e
r 201
4 :
2
11 –
21
8
21
2
Th
e con
t
ro
l alg
o
rith
m
d
ecid
e
s th
e fun
c
tion
a
lity o
f
D-STATCOM,
v
a
ri
o
u
s
con
t
ro
l strateg
i
es h
a
v
e
b
een repo
rted
i
n
literatures.
Th
e co
nv
en
tion
a
l alg
o
rith
m
s
to
o
k
m
o
re co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
a
l tim
e
an
d were
fo
und
to b
e
slo
w
in
resp
onse wh
ich
m
a
d
e
it a n
ecessity
to
go
fo
r
n
e
w
an
d
faster con
t
ro
l strateg
y
for D-STATC
O
M [2
]-
[3]
.
I
n
this pa
per Ic
os
Φ
c
ont
rol
al
go
ri
t
h
m
has bee
n
use
d
for D
-
ST
ATC
O
M
t
o
m
i
ti
gat
e
vol
t
a
ge fl
i
c
k
e
r and
p
o
wer factor co
rrectio
n. Th
is co
n
t
ro
l algo
ri
th
m is a v
e
ry
si
m
p
le
m
e
th
o
d
wh
ich
i
n
vo
lves less co
m
p
tu
tio
n
a
l
ti
m
e
targ
etin
g
to
li
m
i
t th
e v
o
ltag
e
flick
e
r at th
e sou
r
ce sid
e
. Th
e d
e
tailed
alg
o
rith
m
h
a
s
b
een
repo
rted
in
[4
]
and
i
t
s
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on t
o
re
ne
wa
bl
e en
er
gy
s
o
u
r
ce
has
bee
n
r
e
po
rt
ed
i
n
[
5
]
.
The
fe
w m
o
d
i
fi
cat
i
ons
ha
ve
bee
n
in
trodu
ced wit
h
Ico
s
Φ
c
ont
r
o
l
al
go
ri
t
h
m
wh
i
c
h ha
s
been
us
ed
fo
r t
h
e
co
nt
r
o
l
o
f
D-
ST
AT
C
O
M
.
The power sys
t
e
m
m
odel with elect
ric arc furnace is shown in the Fi
gure
1. The electric
arc furnace
lo
ad
is conn
ected
to
po
wer syste
m
in
trod
u
c
i
n
g
a
flicker. T
h
e D-ST
ATCOM
provides reactive
powe
r
co
m
p
en
satio
n,
th
ereb
y stab
ilizin
g
t
h
e
p
o
wer syste
m
v
o
lta
ge in
pu
t an
d redu
cing
th
e flickering
. Th
e m
o
d
e
lling
of electric arc
furnace is de
scribe
d in Sec
tion 2. Th
e c
ont
rol algorithm is explained in section 3. T
h
e
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on res
u
l
t
s
and
co
ncl
u
s
i
on
has
bee
n
pr
esent
e
d
i
n
sect
i
o
n
4
an
d
sect
i
o
n
5
respect
i
v
el
y
.
Fi
gu
re
1.
P
o
we
r sy
st
em
m
ode
l
with Electric Arc
Furnace
2.
MODELLING OF ELECT
R
IC ARC FURNACE
The m
o
st pre
v
alent way t
oda
y to reproce
ss
steel from
scrap is electric
arc
furnace. A wi
de
variety
of
scrap can be
melted in the
arc
furnace to produce
steel w
ith
the help of
electrodes
a
n
d current.
The
electrode
s
are m
oved in a
nd
out
of the
furnace and the
r
eby arci
ng
oc
curs
whic
h m
e
lts the ore. Si
nce electric arc furnace
is a highly nonlinear l
o
a
d
, t
h
e m
odelling
of electric
a
r
c
furnace and i
t
s equi
valent
electrical
m
odel is a
d
i
fficu
lt task
.
Man
y
literatu
res h
a
v
e
pro
posed
d
i
fferen
t
m
o
d
e
ls o
f
electric arc fu
rn
ace su
ch
as
h
a
rm
o
n
i
c
vol
t
a
ge
s
o
u
r
ce
m
odel
,
t
i
m
e
do
m
a
i
n
m
odel
,
fr
eque
ncy
m
odel
et
c [
6
]
.
The m
odeling
of electric arc
furnace m
a
inly depe
nds
on t
h
e pa
ram
e
ters suc
h
as volta
ge, c
u
rrent
and le
ngt
h det
e
rm
ined by the position of the
electrodes
wh
i
c
h is m
oved in and
out
of
the
electric arc furnace.
EAF has b
o
t
h
AC
an
d DC
m
odel
s
.
The o
p
erat
i
o
n of E
A
F
ca
n be
ex
pl
ai
ned
wi
t
h
v
a
ri
o
u
s
st
age
s
of
a
r
c
pr
ocesses s
u
c
h
as t
h
e m
e
l
t
i
ng and
refi
ni
n
g
. I
n
t
h
e fi
rst
st
ag
e t
h
e el
ect
ro
de
i
s
pus
he
d i
n
a
nd
o
u
t
of t
h
e f
u
r
n
ace
b
y
m
ean
s o
f
an
ex
tern
al con
t
ro
l stab
ilizing
th
e arc. Durin
g
t
h
is pro
c
esses a m
o
m
e
n
t
ary sho
r
t circu
it is
expe
rience
d at
the seconda
ry side of
t
h
e arc furnace tra
n
s
f
orm
e
r. High
fluc
tuation in c
u
rrent is experienced
whe
n
t
h
e a
r
cing
occurs. T
h
es
e high
fluct
u
ations
in th
e cu
rren
t
cause a
flick
e
r in
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
.
Figure
2. V-I c
h
aracteristics
of arc
The electric arc furnace is modelled as a c
u
rre
nt
controlled tim
e varying nonlinea
r re
sistance using
MATLAB
[7]-[8]. MAT
L
AB
E
m
bedde
d program
takes in
two inputs, el
ectric arc
furnace current and the
deri
vative of electric arc furna
ce cu
r
r
ent
t
o
t
h
e fu
nct
i
o
n gi
vi
ng a t
i
m
e vary
i
ng
n
on l
i
n
ea
r r
e
si
st
ance as o
u
t
put
.
The M
A
TL
AB
em
bedded
p
r
o
g
ram
fu
nct
i
o
n
bl
oc
k i
s
i
n
t
e
rc
on
nect
ed
t
o
t
h
e
gri
d
by
a c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
d s
o
u
r
ce.
In
real tim
e ele
c
tric arc furnac
e is m
odelled as a dy
na
m
i
c
mo
d
e
l. Th
e vo
ltag
e
cu
rr
ent c
h
aracteristic is shown
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1 [
7
]
.
Si
n
u
soi
d
al
var
i
at
i
on i
s
ass
u
m
e
d
for th
e tim
e
v
a
rying
no
n
linear resistan
ce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Vo
ltag
e
Flicker Mitig
a
tion
i
n
Electric Arc
F
u
rn
ace
usi
n
g
D-
STA
T
C
O
M
(
D
eept
h
i
sree M
)
21
3
1
sin
(1)
Whe
r
e:
is the a
r
c
resis
t
ance
is th
e m
o
du
latio
n
co
effiecient
is th
e
flick
e
r frequ
e
n
c
y
;
0
|
|
|
|
0
(2)
|
|
|
|
;
(3)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
0
(4)
Whe
r
e,
1
.
1
5
∗
(
5
)
(
6
)
∗
(7)
: Slag
resistance
: Arc
v
o
ltag
e
: Arc c
u
rrent
t
1
:
Tim
e
const
a
nt
d
u
r
i
n
g m
e
l
t
i
ng
p
r
oces
s
t
2
:
Tim
e
const
a
nt
d
u
r
i
n
g arc
ext
i
n
ct
i
o
n
pr
oc
ess
Fi
gu
re 3.
Si
m
u
l
i
nk
m
odel
of Si
ngl
e p
h
ase
E
A
F
m
odel
3.
CO
NTROL ALGORIT
HM
The D
-
ST
ATC
O
M
i
s
con
n
ect
ed at
t
h
e poi
nt
of com
m
on cou
p
l
i
n
g an
d i
t
i
s
dri
v
e
n
by
Ic
os
ɸ
control
al
go
ri
t
h
m
.
A si
m
p
l
e
m
e
t
hod f
o
r ac
hi
evi
ng
p
o
we
r fact
or c
o
rrect
i
o
n an
d
re
duct
i
o
n
of t
o
t
a
l
harm
oni
c di
st
ort
i
o
n
has
pr
om
pt
ed t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
sal
o
f
Ic
os
ɸ
co
nt
r
o
l
al
gori
t
h
m
[4
]
.
The Ic
os
ɸ
i
s
a less com
p
licated and ea
sy to
im
pl
em
ent
al
gori
t
h
m
.
Thi
s
al
go
ri
t
h
m
i
s
based o
n
fu
n
d
am
ent
a
l
com
pone
nt
o
f
real
part
of l
o
ad c
u
rre
nt
.Th
e
current m
easured at t
h
e loa
d
side a
n
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge m
easure
d
a
t
t
h
e s
o
u
r
ce si
de i
s
gi
ve
n a
s
i
n
p
u
t
of
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
.
Wh
en
lo
ad
cu
rren
t
p
a
ssed
d
t
h
rou
g
h
a secon
d
ord
e
r low
p
a
ss
filter ob
tain
s fu
nd
am
en
tal lo
ad
cu
rren
t
with
a
pha
se shi
f
t
o
f
90
0
usi
n
g
bi
-
q
uad
fi
l
e
t
e
r.
Un
i
t
am
pl
i
t
ude sou
r
ce
vol
t
a
ge
i
s
gi
ve
n t
o
t
h
e
‘det
ect
fal
l
ne
gat
i
v
e
bl
oc
k’
whi
c
h det
ect
s t
h
e zer
o cr
ossi
n
g
i
n
st
ant
of t
h
e s
o
urce voltage. B
o
th the ab
o
v
e
m
e
nt
i
oned c
u
r
r
ent
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
is m
o
ved
as inp
u
t
s to
th
e sam
p
le an
d ho
ld
circu
it.Th
e m
a
g
n
itud
e
o
f
| Ico
s
ɸ
|
i
s
r
e
cei
ved
as
out
p
u
t
f
r
om
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.
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t
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11 –
21
8
21
4
th
e sam
p
le an
d ho
ld
circu
it wh
ich
is m
u
ltip
li
ed
with
th
e
un
it a
m
p
litu
d
e
vo
l
t
ag
e to
p
r
od
u
c
e th
e d
e
sired
so
urce
refe
rence
cu
rre
nt
at
eac
h
pha
se. T
h
e
de
sire
d s
o
urce
re
fere
nce c
u
r
r
e
n
t is
subt
racted from
the
lo
ad
cu
rr
e
n
t
to
obtain the
refe
rence c
o
m
p
ensa
tion c
u
rrent.
While ge
nera
ting co
m
p
en
sation
cu
rren
t, DC link
v
o
ltag
e
at the D-
STATC
O
M
si
de
i
s
bal
a
nce
d
wi
t
h
hel
p
o
f
pi
cont
rol
l
e
r
wh
ich
is add
e
d to
t
h
e referen
ce com
p
en
satio
n
cu
rren
t.
For a
bal
a
nce
d
sou
r
ce, t
h
e i
n
st
ant
a
ne
ous
v
o
l
t
a
ges
can be s
p
ecified
with a
phase
differe
n
ce of
120
0
.
Eq
uat
i
ons
f
o
r
pha
se ‘a
’ a
r
e e
xpl
ai
ne
d
bel
o
w
.
=so
u
rce
v
o
ltage
fo
r
pha
se a.
= load
cu
rre
nt
fo
r
pha
se a.
ɸ
a
= phase
angle of fundam
ental curre
nt i
n
phase a
.
,
,
= fundam
ental current am
p
l
i
t
ude fo
r pha
se
a,
b,c.
= u
n
i
t
am
pl
i
t
ude
of
so
u
r
ce
vo
l
t
a
ge o
f
phase
a.
= m
a
gni
t
ude
of
desi
re
d c
u
rre
n
t
.
=
d
e
s
ir
ed
cu
rr
en
t
=com
pensat
i
o
n c
u
r
r
ent
= d
c
link
vo
ltag
e
at
D-STATCOM term
in
al
=dc refe
rence
voltage
(8)
|
|
|
|
∗
ɸ
(9)
1
.
(10)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11)
|
|
∗
(
1
2
)
(13)
Erro
r at th
e
n
t
h sam
p
lin
g
in
stan
t
(14)
Erro
r is fed
t
o
PI con
t
ro
ller to g
e
n
e
rate
.
1
1
}
(15)
Cu
rren
t is p
a
ssed
t
o
th
e h
y
st
eresis co
n
t
ro
ller to g
e
n
e
rate pu
lses fo
r D-S
T
ATCOM
.
(16)
Figure
4. Sim
u
link m
odel
of t
h
re
e
phase
syste
m
supplying
Electric
Arc
Furnace l
o
ad wi
th D-ST
ATC
O
M
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8-8
6
9
4
Vo
ltag
e
Flicker Mitig
a
tion
i
n
Electric Arc
F
u
rn
ace
usi
n
g
D-
STA
T
C
O
M
(
D
eept
h
i
sree M
)
21
5
The electric arc furnac
e was
designe
d
to
30 M
W
which
is connected t
o
the t
h
ree
phase electric
gri
d
.T
he
D-
ST
ATC
O
M
an
d i
t
s co
nt
r
o
l
al
g
o
r
t
h
i
m
were m
odel
e
d
an
d
de
v
e
l
ope
d
usi
n
g
M
A
TLAB
w
h
i
c
h
was
prese
n
t
e
d
i
n
Fi
gu
re
4.
The
sy
s
t
em
was desi
g
n
ed
wi
t
h
si
m
u
lat
i
on
param
e
t
e
rs s
h
o
w
n i
n
Ta
bl
e 1
.
Tabl
e 1. Si
m
u
lat
i
on
Pa
ram
e
t
e
rs
V
so
ur
c
e
500V
f
50Hz
Z
s
0.
0005
28+j0.
0
0
4
6
8
Ώ
Z
t
0.
0003
366+j0.
0
03
22
Ώ
Rs 0.
05
Ώ
Vg 350.
75V
Im
ax
100KA
t1 0.
01sec
t2 0.
01sec
DC link voltage
680V
DC link capacitor
5000
00µ
f
Couplin
g I
nductan
ce
8
m
H
4.
SIMULATION RESULTS
The desc
ri
be
d
sy
st
em
was sim
u
l
a
t
e
d and t
h
e resul
t
s
ha
ve been a
n
al
y
zed.
The Fi
g
u
re
5 depi
ct
s t
h
e
arc furnace load voltage wa
veform
at source side. From
Figure 5, it was clear that, flickering has
bee
n
expe
rience
d when the electri
c arc furnace
was connected at
the load side. The pe
rce
n
tage of flickeri
ng in t
h
e
vol
t
a
ge
wi
t
h
o
u
t
con
n
ect
i
n
g
D
-
ST
ATC
O
M
w
a
s f
o
u
n
d
t
o
be
8.
8%.
The
Fi
gure 6 shows
the
a
r
c resistance wa
veform
of
arc
furnace. Figure
7
de
picts the
arc current
wave
-
fo
rm
wh
i
c
h ha
s t
h
e
ave
r
age
m
a
gni
t
u
d
e
o
f
60
k
A
.
Th
e Figu
r
e
8
sh
ow
s th
e sour
ce
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
fo
rm
whe
n
t
h
e
D-STATCOM wa
s c
o
nnected to t
h
e
net
w
or
k at
t
h
e
poi
nt
of c
o
m
m
on cou
p
l
i
n
g
.
From
Fi
gure
8, i
t
i
s
cl
ear t
h
at
t
h
e sou
r
ce v
o
l
t
a
ge wa
ve i
s
a pu
re
sin
u
s
od
ial witho
u
t
flick
e
ri
ng
effect.
The arc f
u
r
n
ac
e l
o
ad cur
r
e
n
t
THD a
n
al
y
s
i
s
has bee
n
sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
gu
re 9
whi
c
h co
nt
ai
ns
20.
9
1
% of
harm
oni
cs
bef
o
re c
o
m
p
ensat
i
on
usi
n
g
D-
S
T
ATC
O
M
.
F
r
om
Fi
gure
1
0
,
i
t
can be
o
b
s
e
rve
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
TH
D
analysis of arc
furnace
loa
d
c
u
rrent a
f
t
e
r co
m
p
ensat
i
on ha
s
re
duce
d
t
o
1.
69
%.
Aft
e
r c
o
m
p
ens
a
t
i
on t
h
e s
o
u
r
c
e
vol
t
a
ge a
nd s
o
u
r
ce cu
rre
nt
wave
f
o
rm
has been
de
pi
ct
ed i
n
Fi
g
u
re
11
whic
h shows that the voltage
and current were in-pha
se
with each othe
r. This wa
s evi
d
ent for powe
r
factor
co
rrectio
n using
D-STATC
O
M.
The arc furnac
e source volta
ge TH
D analysis has been c
a
rried
out
and
sh
own
in
Figur
e 1
2
, wh
ich
contains harm
onics of 33.02%. From
Figure 13, it can be
seen that th
e source voltage
THD of arc furnace
haft
er
com
p
eas
bee
n
red
u
ce
d t
o
0.
02
% f
r
o
m
33
.0
2%
.
Fi
gu
re 5.
A
r
c v
o
l
t
a
ge bef
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
ensat
i
o
n
Fi
gu
re 6.
A
r
c r
e
si
st
ance
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21
8
21
6
Fi
gu
re
7.
A
r
c c
u
r
r
ent
Fi
gu
re
8.
S
o
u
r
ce v
o
l
t
a
ge a
f
t
e
r c
o
m
p
ensat
i
o
n
Fi
gu
re
9.
TH
D
o
f
c
u
r
r
ent
bef
o
re
com
p
ensat
i
on
Figure 10.
T
H
D of curre
nt
after
com
p
ensati
on
Fig
u
r
e
11
. Sour
ce v
o
ltag
e
and
cur
r
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PED
S
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8-8
6
9
4
Vo
ltag
e
Flicker Mitig
a
tion
i
n
Electric Arc
F
u
rn
ace
usi
n
g
D-
STA
T
C
O
M
(
D
eept
h
i
sree M
)
21
7
Fi
gu
re 1
2
.
T
H
D of v
o
l
t
a
ge b
e
fo
re
c
o
m
p
ens
a
t
i
o
n
Fi
gu
re 1
3
.
T
H
D of v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
f
t
e
r
com
p
ensat
i
on
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
esen
ts th
e electric arc
fu
rn
ace m
o
d
e
l in
ti
me do
m
a
in
an
alysis wh
ich
was m
o
d
e
lled
using m
a
t
l
ab/sim
ul
ink and the
m
a
j
o
r power
quality issu
es cause
d by electric furn
ace
has been studied.The D-
STATC
O
M
was u
s
ed
as vo
ltag
e
so
urce i
n
verter
wh
ich
m
i
tig
ates th
e
p
o
wer
qu
ality issu
e
o
f
vo
ltag
e
flick
e
r
created
by electric arc furnace
. The
D-ST
AT
C
O
M
co
nt
r
o
l
was
ac
hi
eve
d
usi
n
g Icos
ɸ
con
t
ro
l alg
o
rith
m wh
ich
h
a
s b
e
en
im
p
l
eme
m
en
ted
with
few m
o
d
i
ficatio
n
s
to
m
a
k
e
th
e con
t
ro
ller
m
o
re effectiv
e. Fro
m
th
e si
mu
latio
n
results, v
o
ltage
flicker an
d THD o
n
cu
rre
nt were re
d
u
ced
a
nd the power factor corr
ection for arc furna
ce loa
d
was
obt
ai
ned
c
l
oser t
o
uni
t
y
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Am
barnath Banerji, Sujit K B
i
swas, Bhim
Singh.
DSTATCOM Application
of vol
tage sag caused
b
y
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
load
s
in autonomous sy
stems.
International Journal of Power El
ectron
ics and Drive S
y
tem (
I
JPEDS)
. 2012; 2(2): 232-
240.
[2]
Am
barnath Ban
e
rji
,
Sujit K Bis
w
as, Bhim
Singh.
D-STATCOM control algori
t
hm
s: a review
.
I
n
ternational Jou
r
nal
of Pow
e
r Electronics and
Drive System
(
I
JPEDS
)
. 2012; 2(3): 28
5-296.
[3]
HL Jou. Perform
ance com
p
aris
ons of the th
ree-phase a
c
tiv
e power filter
alg
o
rithm
s
.
IEE Proc-gener. Transm.
distrib
., 1995; 1
42(6): 646-652
.
[4]
G Bhuvaneshwari, Manju
l
a G N
a
ir. D
e
si
gn, simulation
and
analog circu
it
impl
ementation of
a three ph
ase shun
t
act
ive f
ilt
er usin
g the
Icos
ɸ
algor
ithm.
IEEE transactions
on
power delivery
. 2008; 23(2): 1222
-123
5.
[5]
Ilango K, Bharg
a
v A, Trivikram
A,
Kav
y
a PS, Mounika G, Manjula G Na
ir. Power quality
improvement using
STATCOM with renew
a
ble en
er
g
y
sources.
IICPE.
I
E
EE. 2012: 1
-
6.
[6]
S
P
u
shpavalli, A
Cordeli
a
S
u
m
a
thy.
Hram
onic re
d
u
ction of
arc fur
n
aces using D-S
T
ATCOM.
IOSRJEN
. 2013; 3(4
)
:
7-14.
[7]
K Anuradha, BP
Muni, AD Raj
Kumar. Modelling of electr
ic
ar
c furnace and
co
ntrol algorithms for voltag
e
flick
e
r
m
itigation
using
D-STATCOM.
IPEMC
I
EEE
.
20
09: 1123 –
1129.
[8]
Tongxin Zheng
,
Elh
a
m
B Makr
am
.
An ad
aptiv
e
m
odel ar
c furn
ace
m
odel.
IEEE transactions
o
n
power delivery
.
2000; 15(3): 931
-939.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Deepthisree M
obtain
e
d her
B.
Tech in
Electrical
and
Electro
nics Eng
i
neer
in
g from kannur
University
, Kerala. Curr
ently
sh
e is doing her
M.
Tech Power
Electronics in A
m
rita School of
Engineering, A
m
rita Vishwa Vid
y
ap
ee
tham (Un
i
versity
)
, B
e
ngaluru campus
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
2
,
O
c
t
o
b
e
r 201
4 :
2
11 –
21
8
21
8
Ilango. K obtained his B.E. d
e
gree
in Electr
ical
and Electro
nics from Madurai Kamaraj
University
,
Tam
il Nadu
and M.E .in
Power S
y
s
t
em
s from P.S.G. College of
Technolog
y
,
Anna
University
. He
is currently
purs
u
ing Ph.D.
in
A
m
rita School of
Engin
eering
,
A
m
rita Vishwa
Vid
y
ap
ee
tham
(Univers
it
y), B
e
ngaluru campus. He has been
teaching for seven
y
ears and
presently
,
h
e
is
Assistant Professor (Sr.Gr),
Amrita School of
Engin
eering
,
Amrita Vishwa
Vid
y
ap
ee
tham
Univers
i
t
y
. His
ar
eas
of interes
t
ar
e P
o
wer qualit
y,
Renewabl
e ener
g
y
s
ource
, and
Ele
c
tri
cal
driv
es
.
Kirthika D
e
vi
V S obtained
h
i
s
B.E
.
degr
ee
i
n
Ele
c
tr
ica
l
and
Ele
c
tron
ics fro
m
Bharathi
ya
r
Universit
y
,
Tam
il Nadu and
M.E
.i
n Applied Electronics from, An
na
Univers
i
t
y
.
S
h
e is
curr
entl
y
purs
u
ing P
h
.D.
in VTU.
S
h
e ha
s
been
te
aching
m
o
re th
an s
e
v
e
n
ye
ars
and
pr
es
entl
y,
s
h
e
is
Assistant Professor (Sr.Gr), Am
rita School o
f
Engineering
,
Amrita Vishwa Vid
y
apeetham
Univers
i
t
y
. H
e
r
areas
of
int
e
re
s
t
are P
o
wer E
l
ec
tronics
appli
cat
ions
in Ren
e
wable En
erg
y
Sources.
Dr. Manjula G.Nair obtained
her Ma
ster’s deg
r
ee in
Power s
y
stem
s from
Universit
y
of C
a
li
cut,
Kerala and Ph.D. degree from IIT-Delhi. Since
1995, she has been with the Department of
Electrical
Engineering
,
Amrita School of
Engineering, A
m
rita Vishwa Vid
y
ap
eeth
a
m
(University
)
, In
dia. She is curr
ently
Professor
of the Departm
e
nt of Electr
ical Engineering
,
Amrita School
of Engineering
,
Amritapuri campus, kerala In
dia.
Her
areas of inter
e
st ar
e
FACTS controllers,
Fuzzy
and
ANN based control of Power Sy
st
ems,
Power
Quality
,
H
y
brid
and Active Filter
s, Renew
a
ble En
erg
y
S
y
s
t
ems.
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