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m
p
e
n
s
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
b
u
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
all
t
h
e
f
u
n
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n
as
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ca
n
an
d
al
s
o
co
m
p
e
n
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ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
.
2.
P
V/
WI
ND
E
NE
RG
Y
I
N
T
E
G
RA
T
E
D
UP
Q
C
CIRC
UI
T
AND
I
T
S F
UNC
T
I
O
NS
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
V/
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
-
UP
Q
C
s
y
s
te
m
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
in
s
ta
n
tan
eo
u
s
d
-
q
co
n
tr
o
l
th
eo
r
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
alo
n
g
w
i
th
P
I
an
d
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
b
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
o
f
v
o
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g
e
s
ag
a
n
d
s
w
ell
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n
d
er
d
if
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er
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t
b
ala
n
ce
an
d
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
P
V
ar
r
a
y
an
d
W
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
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eta
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in
g
f
i
x
ed
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in
k
v
o
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g
e
i
s
a
n
o
th
er
d
i
s
tin
g
u
i
s
h
in
g
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
V/
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
-
UP
Q
C
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
ith
t
h
ese
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
s
u
it
ab
le
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
at
P
C
C
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
w
i
th
UP
QC
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
W
h
er
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
r
ei
m
b
u
r
s
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
P
o
in
t
o
f
C
o
m
m
o
n
C
o
u
p
lin
g
(
P
C
C
)
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
o
th
er
r
eg
u
lar
UP
QC
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
3
-
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h
a
s
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
N
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
o
a
d
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o
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a
r
P
V
W
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n
d
e
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e
r
g
y
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m
S
e
r
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P
F
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h
u
n
t
A
P
F
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e
r
i
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r
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n
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d
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c
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r
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a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
B
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
asic B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
P
V/
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
-
UP
QC
s
y
s
te
m
2
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
So
la
r
P
V
So
lar
p
h
o
to
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v
o
lta
ic
s
y
s
te
m
wo
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k
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o
n
t
h
e
p
r
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n
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le
t
h
at
w
h
en
a
li
g
h
t
e
n
er
g
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f
all
s
o
n
s
o
lar
ce
ll
it
co
n
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t
s
it
to
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
.
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h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
h
er
e
is
an
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
r
ep
r
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tin
g
s
in
g
le
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io
d
e
m
o
d
el.
I
t
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
p
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o
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r
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t
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ph
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h
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ep
en
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te
m
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ir
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ad
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,
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er
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th
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ter
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esis
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an
ce
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u
e
to
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r
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f
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th
e
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h
u
n
t
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esis
ta
n
ce
d
escr
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w
o
f
I
sh
w
h
ich
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s
a
leak
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g
e
cu
r
r
en
t
[1
3
].
I
0
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s
h
I
R
s
h
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o
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p
h
Fig
u
r
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2
.
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lar
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le
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el
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
asic c
ir
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it f
o
r
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o
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t c
o
n
v
er
ter
T
h
e
lo
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cu
r
r
en
t,
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
o
th
er
E
q
u
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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0
8
8
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IJ
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h
e
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an
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icie
n
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n
cr
ea
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ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
e
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P
tech
n
iq
u
e.
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h
e
MP
PT
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th
e
ap
p
licatio
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o
f
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ax
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m
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m
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ax
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m
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h
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is
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d
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at
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atch
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e
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m
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ce
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2
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3
.
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a
nd
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P
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h
er
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ar
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m
a
n
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et
h
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d
o
f
M
P
PT
o
u
t
o
f
w
h
ic
h
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&
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tec
h
n
iq
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e
i
s
m
o
s
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y
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s
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b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
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er
d
u
e
to
it
s
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m
p
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n
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co
s
t
ef
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ec
ti
v
e.
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h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
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o
r
k
s
o
n
a
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
t
h
at
f
ir
s
t
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p
an
el
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
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n
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r
r
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n
t
ar
e
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lcu
lated
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d
r
elate
d
v
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e
o
f
p
o
w
er
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s
m
ea
s
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r
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d
en
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ted
b
y
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(
k
-
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)
.
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h
e
d
etail
alg
o
r
ith
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i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
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w
f
lo
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c
h
ar
t
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ig
u
r
e
4
w
h
ich
d
escr
ib
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th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
th
e
MP
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s
y
s
te
m
us
i
n
g
P
&
O
b
y
Ma
tlab
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
].
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
P
&
O
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PEDS
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SS
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8
8
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p up
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er
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/D
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co
n
v
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ter
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s
a
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o
s
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co
n
v
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ter
w
h
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h
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n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
s
o
lar
v
o
ltag
e
to
d
esi
r
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
as r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
w
h
ich
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
an
in
d
u
cto
r
L
,
s
w
i
tch
S
,
d
io
d
e
D
1
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
f
o
r
f
ilter
,
lo
ad
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esis
tan
ce
R
an
d
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in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
V
in
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
s
w
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tch
S
is
tu
r
n
ed
ON
b
y
u
s
i
n
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s
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itc
h
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h
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r
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h
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o
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r
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d
d
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r
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m
e
t
h
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ad
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r
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en
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i
s
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ai
n
tai
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y
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h
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ch
ar
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p
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th
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th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
[
1
6
].
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
o
f
f
p
er
io
d
th
e
i
n
p
u
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v
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l
tag
e
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n
d
th
e
s
to
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ed
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d
u
cto
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v
o
ltag
e
w
ill
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p
ea
r
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
h
e
n
ce
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
s
o
t
h
e
l
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
w
ea
t
h
er
s
w
itc
h
S
i
n
O
N
o
r
OFF
an
d
th
is
i
s
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
D.
Sc
ie
n
ce
th
e
s
w
itc
h
co
n
d
u
c
ts
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it
h
a
d
u
t
y
r
atio
D
an
d
th
en
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
E
q
u
a
tio
n
6
.
(
6
)
T
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
D
m
i
n
an
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
D
m
a
x
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
lo
s
s
les
s
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
E
q
u
atio
n
s
.
(
7
)
W
h
er
e,
D
m
ax
is
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
d
u
t
y
r
atio
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
k
ee
p
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
C
o
n
d
u
c
tio
n
Mo
d
e
(
C
C
M)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e,
D
m
in
i
s
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
k
ee
p
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
C
C
M
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
So
lar
P
V
w
it
h
MP
PT
an
d
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r
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
m
o
d
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
i
s
s
i
m
p
le
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
d
it
h
as
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
tab
ilit
y
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
m
i
ti
g
ates
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
4
.
1
.
Co
ntr
o
l Sche
m
e
o
f
Series A
ct
iv
e
F
ilte
r
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
s
er
ies
A
P
F
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
11
w
h
e
r
e
P
a
r
k
’
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
u
n
it
v
ec
to
r
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
dq0
f
r
o
m
a
b
c
co
o
r
d
in
ates
an
d
b
o
th
ar
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
in
dq0
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e.
Af
ter
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
o
th
ar
e
ag
ain
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
b
c
r
ef
er
en
c
e
f
r
a
m
e.
Fro
m
P
L
L
(
p
h
ase
lo
ck
ed
lo
o
p
)
Ø
ca
n
b
e
g
en
er
ated
w
h
ich
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
P
ar
k
’
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
i
n
v
er
s
e
P
ar
k
’
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
u
l
s
es
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
VSI
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
s
elec
ted
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vc
*
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
en
s
ed
s
er
ies
A
P
F
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vc)
in
a
h
y
s
ter
esis
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
4
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l Sche
m
e
f
o
r
Sh
u
nt
Act
iv
e
P
o
w
er
F
ilte
r
T
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
(
A
P
F)
is
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
in
d
icate
s
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
co
n
ten
t.
T
o
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics,
t
h
e
eq
u
al
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
is
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
o
p
p
o
s
ite
p
h
ase
w
.
r
.
t
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
13
in
clu
d
es
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
a
-
b
-
c
to
d
-
q
f
r
a
m
e.
I
n
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
cl
u
d
es
b
o
th
o
s
cillati
n
g
as
w
el
l
as
d
c
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
T
h
e
d
c
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
o
n
l
y
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
b
u
t
t
h
e
o
s
c
illatin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
cl
u
d
es
p
o
s
iti
v
e,
n
e
g
ati
v
e
a
n
d
ze
r
o
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
D
C
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
t
h
is
ac
ti
v
e
f
il
ter
w
il
l
ab
s
o
r
b
s
o
m
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
t
iv
e
f
ilter
eli
m
i
n
a
tes
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
p
r
ese
n
t
i
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
&
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
p
u
r
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
b
y
ac
ti
n
g
a
s
a
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
t
r
o
l
led
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
.
4
.
4
.
Desig
n o
f
Sh
un
t
Apf
a.
DC
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
:
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
h
e
n
it is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
b.
Vo
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
:
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ics
d
ev
ice
w
h
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
to
alter
n
at
i
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
w
h
en
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
t
h
e
g
ates
o
f
its
I
GB
T
o
r
G
T
O
etc.
Her
e
t
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
V
SI
is
to
co
m
p
en
s
a
te
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
r
ese
n
t
b
y
i
n
j
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
eq
u
al
an
d
o
p
p
o
s
ite
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
c.
H
y
s
ter
e
s
is
C
u
r
r
en
t
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
H
y
s
ter
esi
s
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
g
en
er
ates
P
W
M
s
ig
n
al
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
al
w
.
r
.
t
to
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
s
ig
n
al
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
b
elo
w
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
P
W
M
s
ig
n
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b
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co
m
p
ar
i
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th
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wo
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r
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g
n
al
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5
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s
is
T
h
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i
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k
m
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d
els
o
f
P
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in
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ar
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i
m
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lated
in
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tlab
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h
ic
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s
h
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
s
er
ies
A
P
F,
s
h
u
n
t
A
P
F,
s
o
l
ar
P
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w
in
d
e
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er
g
y
a
n
d
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
is
w
i
th
o
u
t
s
er
ie
s
f
ilter
w
h
er
e
v
o
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e
s
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en
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er
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in
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to
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3
s
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s
h
o
w
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Fig
u
r
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1
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,
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
m
p
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n
s
ated
to
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g
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s
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m
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n
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e
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ta
i
n
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
V
w
h
en
Sag
,
S
w
ell
an
d
I
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
.
I
t
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
n
ten
t
to
2
.
3
3
%
if
an
y
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
is
ass
o
ciate
d
.
Hen
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
n
r
e
g
u
late
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
co
m
p
en
s
ate
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
o
th
er
u
s
u
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
UP
QC
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
Vee
r
Su
r
en
d
r
a
Sai
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
u
r
la,
I
n
d
ia,
e
x
ten
d
ed
to
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
w
o
r
k
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
g
r
atef
u
ll
y
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
M
.
Ca
rra
sc
o
,
L
.
G
.
F
ra
n
q
u
e
lo
,
J.
T
.
Biala
sie
w
icz
,
E.
Ga
lv
á
n
,
R.
C
P
o
r
ti
ll
o
G
u
isa
d
o
,
M
.
M
.
P
ra
ts,
J.
I.
L
e
ó
n
,
a
n
d
N.
M
o
re
n
o
-
A
lf
o
n
so
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
-
e
le
c
tro
n
ic
sy
ste
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
g
rid
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
A
su
rv
e
y
”,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
stri
a
l
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Vo
l.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
2
-
1
6
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
0
6
.
[2
]
I.
H.,
A
lt
a
s,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
S
h
a
ra
f
,
“
A
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
a
rra
y
si
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
m
a
tl
a
b
-
sim
u
li
n
k
G
UI
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t”,
Clea
n
E
lec
trica
l
P
o
we
r,
ICCEP
'
0
7
,
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E,
p
p
.
3
4
1
-
3
4
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
Y.K.
L
a
th
a
,
C.
S
a
ib
a
b
u
,
a
n
d
Y.
P
.
Ob
u
les
u
,
“
Un
if
ied
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
e
r
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
a
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
lo
a
d
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
l.
1
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
65
-
7
4
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
X.
Z
h
a
,
J.
W
a
n
g
,
H.
L
i
u
,
J.
S
u
n
,
a
n
d
H.
T
a
n
g
,
“
Un
if
ied
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
e
r
(U
P
Q
C):
T
h
e
th
e
o
ry
,
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
In
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
P
o
we
rCo
n
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E
,
V
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
9
-
3
3
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
B.
V
.
Ra
jan
n
a
,
S
.
V.
N.
L
.
L
a
li
th
a
,
G
.
J.
Ra
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
S
h
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
“
S
o
lar
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
G
e
n
e
ra
t
o
rs
w
it
h
M
P
P
T
a
n
d
Ba
tt
e
ry
S
to
ra
g
e
in
M
icro
g
rid
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
pp.
7
0
1
-
7
1
2
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
N.
F
e
m
ia,
G
.
P
e
tro
n
e
,
G
.
S
p
a
g
n
u
o
l
o
a
n
d
M
.
V
it
e
ll
i,
“
Op
t
im
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
rtu
rb
a
n
d
o
b
se
rv
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
io
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
V
o
l
.
2
0
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
3
-
9
7
3
,
Ju
ly
2
0
0
5
.
[7
]
K.
Ga
e
id
,
a
n
d
M
.
T
.
Ha
m
o
o
d
,
“
Un
if
ied
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
Co
n
d
it
io
n
e
r
M
o
d
e
l
Ba
se
d
w
it
h
S
e
ries
a
n
d
S
h
u
n
t
F
il
ters
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
4
3
-
7
5
8
.
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
M.
Ba
su
,
S
.
P.
Da
s,
K.
G
o
p
a
l,
A
.
Du
b
e
y
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
tw
o
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
UP
QC
f
o
r
s
u
it
a
b
le
i
n
terf
a
c
e
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
”,
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
,
V
o
l.
7
7
,
No
.
7
,
p
p
.
8
2
1
-
3
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
M.
I.
M.
M
o
n
tero
,
E.
R.
Ca
d
a
v
a
l,
a
n
d
F
.
B.
G
o
n
z
a
lez
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ri
so
n
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
f
o
r
sh
u
n
t
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
il
ters
in
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
f
o
u
r
-
w
ire
s
y
ste
m
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Vo
l.
2
2
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
-
2
3
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
G.
M.
L
e
e
,
D.
C.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
J.
K.
S
e
o
k
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
se
ries
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ters
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
n
g
f
o
r
so
u
rc
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
u
n
b
a
la
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
st
ria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.,
V
o
l.
5
1
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
9
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
1
]
C.
F
it
z
e
r,
M
.
Ba
r
n
e
s,
a
n
d
P
.
G
re
e
n
,
“
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
a
g
De
tec
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
a
Dy
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
Vo
l.
4
0
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
-
2
1
2
,
Ja
n
/F
e
b
.
2
0
0
4
.
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